Pediatric Tuberculosis Drug Study

First-line agents include rifampin, isoniazid (INH), pyrazinamide, ethambutol,

and streptomycin.

RIFAMPIN- Rifampin is an antibiotic that is used to treat or

prevent tuberculosis (TB).

Rifampin may also be used to reduce certain bacteria in your nose and throat
that could cause meningitis or other infections. Rifampin prevents you from
spreading these bacteria to other people, but rifampin will not treat an active
meningitis infection.

ISONIAZID- Isoniazid is an antibiotic that fights bacteria.

Isoniazid is used to treat and to prevent tuberculosis (TB). You may need to take

other TB medicines in combination with isoniazid.

When treating active TB, isoniazid must be used with other TB medicines.
Tuberculosis can become resistant to treatment if isoniazid is used alone. Take all
your medicines as prescribed by your doctor.

PYRAZINAMIDE- Pyrazinamide is a medication used to treat tuberculosis. For

active tuberculosis, it is often used with rifampicin, isoniazid, and either
streptomycin or ethambutol. It is not generally recommended for the treatment of
latent tuberculosis. It is taken by mouth.

ETHAMBUTOL- Ethambutol is used with other medications to treat tuberculosis

(TB). Ethambutol is an antibiotic and works by stopping the growth of bacteria.
This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections.

STREPTOMYCIN- Streptomycin is an antibiotic used to treat a number of

bacterial infections. This includes tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium complex,
endocarditis, brucellosis, Burkholderia infection, plague, tularemia, and rat bite
fever. For active tuberculosis it is often given together with isoniazid, rifampicin,
and pyrazinamide.
Second-line agents are capreomycin, ciprofloxacin, cycloserine, ethionamide,
kanamycin,ofloxacin, levofloxacin, and para-aminosalicylic acid.