Capacitors 12TH VMC

Date Planned : __ / __ / __ CBSE PATTERN Duration : 3 Hours
Actual Date of Attempt : __ / __ / __ Level - 0 Maximum Marks : 70
VSA: Very Short Answer Type (1 mark)

1. There are two metallic spheres; one is bigger than the other. Which has greater capacitance?
2. Where does the energy of a charged capacitor reside?
3. Two spheres of copper of the same radii, one hollow and the other solid, are charged to the same
potential. Which sphere possesses more charge?
4. The capacitance of a charged capacitor is C and the energy stored in it is U. What is the value of charge
on the capacitor?
5. Is there any material, which when inserted between the plates of a capacitor reduces its capacitance?
SA-I: Short Answer Type - I (2 marks)
6. Two identical parallel plate (air) capacitors C1 and C2 have capacitances C each. The space between their
plates is now filled with dielectrics as shown. If the two capacitors still have equal capacitance, obtain the
relation between dielectric constants K , K1 and K 2 .
7. You are given an air filled parallel plate capacitor C1. The space between its plates is now filled with slabs
of dielectric constants K1 and K 2 as shown in C2 . Find the capacitances of the capacitor C2 if area of the
plates is A and distance between the plates is d.
8. A very thin plate of metal is placed exactly in the middle of the two plates of a parallel plate capacitor.
What will be the effect on the capacitance of the system?
9. What happens to the energy stored in a capacitor, if after disconnecting the battery, the plates of a
charged capacitor are moved farther?
10.  
A parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates has a capacitance of 8 pF 1pF  10 12 F . What will
be the capacitance if the distance between the plates is reduced by half and the space between them is
filled with a substance of dielectric constant 6?
11. What is the area of the plates of a 2F parallel plate capacitor, given that the separation between the
plates is 0.5 cm?
CBSE Pattern 120 Level - 0 | Capacitors

12. Net capacitance of three identical capacitors in series is 1µF. What will be their net capacitance if
connected in parallel?
Find the ratio of energy stored in the two configurations if they are both connected to the same source.
SA-II: Short Answer Type - II (3 marks)

13. (i) Plot a graph comparing the variation of potential ‘V’ and electric field ‘E’ due to a point charge ‘Q’
as a function of distance ‘r’ from the point charge.
(ii) Find the ratio of the potential differences that must be applied across the parallel and the series
combination of two identical capacitors so that the energy stored, in the two cases, becomes the
same.
14. A parallel plate capacitor each with plate area A and separation ‘d’ is charged to a potential difference V.
The battery used to charge it is then disconnected. A dielectric slab of thickness d and dielectric constant
K is now placed between the plates. What change if any, will take place in:
(i) charge on the plates,
(ii) electric field intensity between the plates,
(iii) capacitance of the capacitor
Justify your answer in each case.
15. A spherical capacitor consists of two concentric spherical conductors, held in position by suitable
insulating supports as shown in the figure. Show that the capacitance of a spherical capacitor is given by
4 0r1r2
C , where r1 and r2 are the radii of outer and inner spheres, respectively.
r1  r2
16. Briefly explain the principle of a capacitor. Derive an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate
capacitor, whose plates are separated by a dielectric medium.
QE
17. Show that the force on each plate of a parallel plate capacitor has a magnitude equal to , where Q is
2
the charge on the capacitor and E is the magnitude of electric field between the plates. Explain the origin
of the factor 1/2.
18. Two capacitors with capacitances C1 and C 2 are charged to potentials V1 and V2 , respectively and then
connected in parallel. Calculate the common potential across the combination, the charge on each
capacitor, the electrostatic energy stored in the system and the change in electrostatic energy from its
initial value.
19. An electrical technician requires a capacitance of 2µF in a circuit across a potential difference of 1kV. A
large number of 1μF capacitors are available to him, each of which can withstand a potential difference of
not more than 400V. Suggest an arrangement that requires a minimum number of capacitors.

20. A 4µF capacitor is charged by a 200V supply. It is then disconnected from the supply and is connected to
another 2µF capacitor. How much electrostatic energy of the first capacitor is lost in the form of heat and
electromagnetic radiation?
21. A parallel plate capacitor is to be designed with a voltage rating 1 kV using a material of dielectric
constant 3 and dielectric strength 107Vm 1. For safety we would like the field never to exceed, say 10%
of the dielectric strength. What minimum area of the plates is required to have a capacitance of 50 pF?
22. Two capacitors of capacitance 6µF and 12µF are connected in series with a battery. The voltage across
the 6µF capacitor is 2V. Compute the total battery voltage.
23. Find the total energy stored in the capacitors in the given network:
24. Keeping the voltage of the charging source constant, what would be the percentage change in the energy
stored in a parallel plate capacitor if the separation between its plates were to be decreased by 10%?
LA: Long Answer Type (5 marks)

25. Find an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor when a dielectric slab of dielectric
d
constant K and thickness t  , but of same area on the plates is inserted between the capacitor plate.
2
(d = separation between the plates).
26. Derive an expression for the energy stored in a parallel plate capacitor C, charged to a potential difference
V. Hence derive an expression for the energy density of a capacitor.
27. Find expression for equivalent capacitance of three capacitors when connected (i) in series and (ii) in
parallel.
…(iv)

Date Planned : __ / __ / __ Daily Tutorial Sheet - 1 Expected Duration : 90 Min
Actual Date of Attempt : __ / __ / __ Level - 1 Exact Duration :_________
Topics Covered – Capacitor basics, Energy stored in capacitor, Series & parallel combination of capacitors
1. The plate area of a parallel-plate capacitor is 10 cm 2 and its capacitance is 2 pF . The separation
between the plates of the capacitor is close to (in mm): ( 1 pF  1012 F )

(A) 2.2 (B) 4.4 (C) 8.8 (D) 17.6
2. Capacitance of a spherical capacitor of radius 9 cm is:
(A) 10 3 F (B) 9  10 5 F (C) 10 5 F (D) 10 11F
3. A spherical capacitor consists of two concentric spherical shells of radius R and 2R as shown. Find the
capacitance of the system.
80
(A) 4 0 R (B) 8 0 R (C) (D) 8 0 R 2
R
4. The capacitance of a cylindrical capacitor consisting of two co-axial cylinders of radii a and b and having
length  is:
4 0ab  b  2 0 2 0ab

(A) (B) 2 0   ln  (C) (D)
b a  a  b (b  a )
  n
a
5. A capacitor consists of two conductors having equal and opposite charges placed closed to each other.
The capacitance is independent of :
(A) Shape and size of conductors
(B) Separation between the conductors
(C) Medium in the region between the two conductors
(D) Charge on the conductors
6. A parallel plate capacitor of capacitance 3F has a total charge of 15 C on one plate and a total charge
of 15C on the other plate. The separation between the plates is 1 mm. The electric field between the
plates has magnitude: (in N/C)
(A) 50 (B) 100 (C) 5000 (D) 10000
DTS - 1 123 Level - 1 | Capacitors

7. A parallel-plate capacitor of plate area A has a total surface charge density of  on one plate and a total
surface charge density of  on the other plate. The force on one plate due to the other plate is given by:
2 A 2 2 A 2 2 A 2 A
(A) (B) (C) (D)
20 0 2 0 0
2
8. The plates of a parallel plate capacitor have an area of 90cm each and are separated by 2 mm. The
capacitor is charged by connecting it to a 400 V supply. Then the energy density of the energy stored
in Jm 3  in the capacitor is:

(A) 0.113 (B) 0.177 (C) 0.152 (D) None of these
9. A parallel plate capacitor of capacity C0 is charged to a potential V0.

(i) The energy stored in the capacitor when the battery is disconnected and the plate separation is
doubled is E1.
(ii) The energy stored in the capacitor when the charging battery is kept connected and the
separation between the capacitor plates is doubled is E2 .
Then E1/ E2 is :
(A) 4/1 (B) 3/2 (C) 2 (D) ½
10. Three capacitors of capacitances 1F  2F and 4 F are connected first in a series combination, and then
in a parallel combination. The ratio of their equivalent capacitances will be :
(A) 2 : 49 (B) 49 : 2 (C) 4 : 49 (D) 49 : 4
11. The charge deposited on F capacitor in the given circuit is:
(A) 6  10 6 C
(B) 12  10 6C
(C) 24  10 6C
(D) 36  10 6 C
12. The equivalent capacitance between points A and B for the combination
of capacitor shown in figure is :
(A) 6.0 F
(B) 4.0F
(C) 2.0 F
(D) 3.0 F
13. In the diagram shown, the net capacitance between the points A and B is (in F ):
2 4 10
(A) (B) (C) 3 (D)
3 3 3

14. Two uncharged capacitors of capacitance C1 and C 2 are connected in series and charged with a battery of
emf V. At steady state, the potential difference across the capacitor of capacitance C1 is:
V  C2   C   C 
(A) (B)  2 V (C)  1 V (D)  2 V
2  C 2  C2  C C  C C 
 1 2  1 2  1 2
15. Four condensers each of capacity 4F are connected as shown in figure. VP  VQ  15 volts. The energy
stored in the system is: (1 erg = 10-7 J)
(A) 2400 ergs (B) 1800 ergs (C) 3600 ergs (D) 5400 ergs

Topics Covered – Combination of capacitors, Connecting two capacitors
16. What is the effective capacitance between points X and Y?
(A) 24µF (B) 18µF (C) 12µF (D) 6µF
17. Equivalent capacitance between A and B is :

(A) 14 F
(B) 4 F
(C) 6 F
(D) 2F
18. In the given figure, find the equivalent capacitance between A and B.
2C 5C 3C 4C
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 4 2 5
19. The equivalent capacitance of the combination shown in figure below is :
(A) 2C C
(B) C
1
(C) C
2
(D) 3C
20. For the circuit shown, the equivalent capacitance between points P and Q is:
(A) 6C (B) 4C (C) 3C/2 (D) 3C/4

21. Four metallic plates, each with a surface area of one side A, are placed at a distance d from each other.
The alternating plates are connected to points A and B, as shown in the figure. Then the capacitance of
the system is:
 0A 2 0 A 3 0 A 4 0 A
(A) (B) (C) (D)
d d d d

22. What is the potential difference across 2F capacitor in the circuit shown?
(A) 12 V (B) 10 V
(C) 6V (D) 18 V
23. Three capacitors A, B and C are connected in a circuit, as shown

in figure. What is the charge (in µC) on capacitor B?
(A) 1/3
(B) 2/3
(C) 1
(D) 4/3
24. Three capacitors are connected as shown in figure. Then, the

charge on capacitor C1 is:
(A) 6 µC
(B) 12µC
(C) 18µC
(D) 24µC
25. For section AB of a circuit shown in figure, C1  1F , C 2  2F , E  10V , and the potential difference
V A  V B  10V . Charge on capacitor C1 is:
(A) 0µC (B) 20/3µC (C) 40/3µC (D) None of these

26. A capacitor of capacitance 1 F is charged to 30 V and the battery is then disconnected. It is then
connected across an uncharged 2F capacitor. The energy lost by the system is :
(A) 300 J (B) 450 J (C) 225 J (D) 150 J
27. The energy stored in a charged capacitor is U. Another identical capacitor is connected parallel to the first
capacitor, after disconnecting the battery. The total energy stored in the system of these capacitors will
finally be :
U U 3U 2U
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 2 2 4
28. Two capacitors of capacitances 3 F and 6 F are charged to a potential of 12 V each. They are now
connected to each other, with the positive plate of one joined to the negative plate of the other. The
potential difference across each will be:
(A) zero (B) 3V (C) 4V (D) 6V
29. Two identical capacitors have the same capacitance C. One of them is charged to potential V1 and the
other to V2. The negative ends of the capacitors are connected together. When the positive ends are also
connected, the decrease in energy of the combined system is:
1 1 1 1
(A) C(V12  V22 ) (B) C (V12  V22 ) (C) C(V1  V2 )2 (D) C (V1  V2 )2
4 4 4 4
30. A and B are two spherical capacitors having charge 2C and 4 C and capacitance 1F and 2F
respectively. The capacitors are placed at a large distance from each other. When they are joined by a
conducting wire, find final charges on A and B respectively.
(A) 3C, 3C (B) 4C,2C (C) 2C,4 C (D) 1C, 5C

Topics Covered – Capacitors with dielectrics
31. An air filled parallel plate capacitor has capacity of 2pF. The separation of the plates is doubled and the
interspaces between the plates is filled with wax. If the capacity is increased to 6pF, the dielectric
constant of wax is :
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 6
32. A parallel plate capacitor of capacitance C is connected to a battery of emf V. If a dielectric slab is
completely inserted between the plates of the capacitor and battery remains connected, then electric field
between plates:
(A) decreases (B) increases
(C) remains same (D) may increase or decrease
33. Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor becomes 4/3 times its original value, if a dielectric slab of
d
thickness t  is inserted between the plate [d is the separation between the plates]. The dielectric
2
constant of the slab is :
(A) 4 (B) 8 (C) 2 (D) 6
34. The plates of a parallel plate capacitor are charged to 200 V. A dielectric slab of thickness 4mm is
inserted between its plates. Then, to maintain the same potential difference between the plates of the
capacitor, the distance between the plates is increased by 3.2mm. The dielectric constant of the dielectric
slab is :
(A) 1 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6
35. A slab of copper metal of thickness b is inserted in between the plates of parallel
plate capacitor as shown in figure. The separation between the plates is d. If
d
b  , then the ratio of capacities of capacitors after and before inserting the
2
slab will be:
(A) 2 :1 (B) 2:1
(C) 1:1 (D) 1: 2
36. The separation between the plates of a capacitor of capacitance 2F is 4 mm. Initially, there is air
between the plates. If two dielectric slabs of same area of cross-section as the capacitor, thickness 2 mm
each, and dielectric constant 3 and 5 respectively are introduced, the capacitance becomes (in F ):
(A) 4 (B) 7.5 (C) 8 (D) 15
37. A parallel plate capacitor is made of two dielectric blocks in series. One of
the blocks has thickness d1 and dielectric constant, K1 and the other has
thickness d2 and dielectric constant K2, as shown in figure. This
arrangement can be thought as a dielectric slab of thickness d(  d1  d2 )
and effective dielectric constant K. Then K is :
(A)
K1d1  K 2d 2
(B)
K1d1  K 2d 2
(C)

K1K 2 d1  d2  (D)
2 K1K 2
d1  d 2 K1  K 2  K1d2  K 2d1  K1  K 2

38. A parallel plate capacitor with air as the dielectric has capacitance C. A slab
of dielectric constant K and having the same thickness as the separation
between plates is introduced so as to fill one-fourth of the capacitor, as
shown in the figure. The new capacitance will be :
C C C KC
(A)  K  3 (B)  K  2 (C)  K 1 (D)
4 4 4 4
39. The area of the plates of a capacitor is 50 cm2 each and the separation between them is 1 mm. The space
between the plates is filled with a material of dielectric constant 4. The capacitor, initially uncharged, is
connected to a battery of EMF 50 V. The work done by the battery until the capacitor gets completely
charged is (in  J ):
(A) 0.22 (B) 0.44 (C) 0.88 (D) 1.76
40. In the given circuit diagram, find the work done by battery if capacitor is completely
filled with a dielectric of dielectric constant k = 3. The battery remains connected
across the capacitor.
1
(A) CV 2 (B) CV 2
2
3
(C) 2CV 2 (D) CV 2
2
41. A capacitor of capacitance 2F has a dielectric slab of dielectric constant 8 between its plates. The slab
covers the entire volume between the plates. This capacitor is connected to a battery of EMF 20 V and
fully charged. Now with the battery still connected, the slab is removed from the capacitor. During the
removal, the work done by the battery is (in mJ):
(A) 0.7 (B) – 0.7 (C) 5.6 (D) – 5.6
42. An uncharged parallel plate capacitor having a dielectric of dielectric constant K, is connected to a similar
air filled capacitor charged to a potential V. The charge redistributes between the capacitors and finally
the potential difference across both the capacitors is V1. The dielectric constant K is:
V  V1 V1  V V1  V V1  V
(A) (B) (C) (D)
V1 V1 V1  V V
43. Two parallel plate capacitors of capacitances C and 2C are connected in parallel and charged to a
potential difference V. The battery is then disconnected, and the region between the plates of C is filled
completely with a material of dielectric constant K. The common potential difference across the
combination becomes:
2V V 3V 3V
(A) (B) (C) (D)
K 2 K 2 K 3 K 2
44. Two identical parallel plate capacitors are placed in series and connected to a constant voltage source of
V0 volt. If one of the capacitors is completely immersed in a liquid with dielectric constant K, the potential
difference between the plates of the other capacitor will change to: (the voltage source remains connected)
K 1 K K 1 2K
(A) V0 (B) V0 (C) V0 (D) V0
K K 1 2K K 1
45. A spherical capacitor has an inner sphere of radius 12 cm and an outer sphere of radius 13 cm. The
outer sphere is earthed, and the inner sphere is given a charge of 2.5C . The space between the
concentric spheres is filled with a liquid of dielectric constant 32. Determine the potential of the inner
sphere.
(A) 400 V (B) 450 V (C) 500 V (D) 300 V

Topics Covered – Charging and discharging of capacitors
46. An uncharged capacitor of capacitance C is connected with a battery of emf V and a resistance R. The
V
switch is closed at t  0 . The time instant at which the current in the circuit is is t 
4R
(A) 2RC (B) 3RC (C) 2RC log e 2 (D) 3RC loge 2
47. If the capacitor shown in the circuit is charged to 5V and left in the circuit, in 12s the charge on the
capacitor will become :
10 e
(A) C (B) C
e 10
10 e2
(C) C (D) C
e2 10
48. A capacitor of capacitance 5F is charged to a potential difference 200 V and then allowed to discharge
through a resistance of 1 k  . The charge on the capacitor at the instant when current through the
resistance is 100 mA, is (in C ):
(A) 50 (B) 100 (C) 500 (D) 1000
49. The charge on the capacitor in the figure is:

(A) 2 C
(B) 2/3 C
(C) 4/3 C
(D) zero
50. In the adjoining circuit, the capacitor is initially uncharged. The

current through the resistor AB, immediately after the key K is
pressed is:
(A) Zero (B) 2 mA
(C) 1 mA (D) None of these
51. A capacitor of capacitance F is connected in parallel with a resistance of 10  and the combination is
connected across the terminals of a battery of EMF 50 V and internal resistance 1 . The potential
difference across the capacitor at steady state is (in Volt):
50 100 250 500
(A) (B) (C) (D)
11 11 11 11
52. At steady state, the potential difference between points C and D

in the circuit shown is:
(A) 72 V
(B) 36 V
(C) 108 V
(D) 48 V

53. A circuit is connected as shown in the figure, with the switch S
open. When the switch is closed, the total amount of charge that
flows from y to x is:
(A) 0 (B) 54C
27
(C) 27 C (D) C
2
54. Two capacitors of capacitance 2F and 5F are charged to a potential difference of 100 V and 50 V
respectively and connected such that the positive plate of one capacitor is connected to the negative plate
of the other capacitor. After the switch is closed, the initial current in the circuit is 50 mA. The total
resistance of the connecting wires is (in Ohm):
(A) 100 (B) 300 (C) 1000 (D) 3000
55. A 2F capacitor that was initially uncharged, is connected to a battery of emf 100 V and a resistance and
the switch is closed. The heat generated in the resistance until the capacitor becomes fully charged is (in
mJ):
(A) 10 (B) 20 (C) 100 (D) 200
PARAGRAPH FOR QUESTIONS 56 - 57

A capacitor having a capacitance of 100µF is charged to a potential difference of 24V. The charging battery is
disconnected and the capacitor is connected to another battery of 12V, with the positive plate of the capacitor
joined with the positive terminal of the battery.
56. The charge flown through the 12V battery is:
(A) –600µC (B) –1200µC (C) 600µC (D) 1800µC
57. The heat developed during the flow of charge after reconnection is:
(A) 21.6mJ (B) 27.6mJ (C) 7.2mJ (D) zero
58. A parallel plate capacitor of capacitance ‘C’ has charge on its plates initially, as shown in the figure. Now
at t  0, the switch ‘S’ is closed. The work done by the cell by the time steady state is reached is:
(A) C 2 (B) 1.5 C 2 (C) 2C 2 (D) 2.5 C 2
59. Figure shows a network of a capacitor and resistors. Find the charge on capacitor in steady state.
(A) 4C (B) 8C (C) 10C (D) 16C

60. A parallel plate capacitor is connected with a resistance R and a cell of emf  as shown in figure. The capacitor
is fully charged. Keeping the right plate fixed, the left plate is moved slowly towards further left with a variable
velocity v such that the current flowing through the circuit is constant. Then the variation of v with separation
x between the plates is represented by curve:
(A) (B) (C) (D)

Topics Covered – Mixed (Numerical questions)
61. In the given network, the value of C (in F ), so that equivalent capacitance between A and B is 3F  is
___________.
62. One plate of a capacitor of capacitance 2F has total charge 10C and its other plate has total
charge 40 C . The potential difference between the plates is ______ (in Volt).
63. A dielectric slab of dielectric constant 3 is inserted into an uncharged capacitor C1 . The slab covers the
entire volume of the capacitor. Now, this capacitor and an identical uncharged capacitor C2 , with air
between the plates, are placed in series and connected to a battery. After the capacitors are fully charged,
E
the ratio of the electric field inside them, 1 , is__________.
E2
64. The electrostatic energy stored in a parallel-plate capacitor of capacitance 2F is 10 mJ. If the separation
between the plates of the capacitor is 1 mm, the electric field inside the capacitor is 10xN/C. The value of
x is ________.
65. The separation between the plates of a parallel-plate capacitor of capacitance 2F is 2 mm. The
capacitor is initially uncharged. If a dielectric slab of same surface area as the capacitor, thickness 1
mm, and dielectric constant 3 is introduced, and then the capacitor is charged to a potential difference of
100 V, the energy stored in the capacitor becomes _________ mJ.
66. Three uncharged capacitors are connected as shown in the figure. If potentials at point P ,Q and R are
maintained at 1V , 2V , 3V respectively, then potential at O becomes __________ V.
67. The separation between the plates of a parallel-plate capacitor is 2 mm and the area of its plates is
5 cm 2 . If the capacitor is charged such that it has 0.01 J energy stored in it, the electrostatic force of
attraction between its plates is __________ N.
68. A capacitor of capacitance C is charged to a potential difference V 0 and then connected with a resistance
and a battery of EMF 3V 0 , such that the positively charged plate of the capacitor is connected to the
positive terminal of the battery. The total heat generated in the resistance until the current in the circuit
becomes zero is n (CV02 ) . The value of n is ________.

69. A charged capacitor of unknown capacitance is connected in series with a 100 k  resistance and an
ideal ammeter. The initial current in the circuit is found to be 0.2 mA and the current after 7 sec is found
to be 0.1 mA. The potential energy that was stored in the capacitor before it was connected in the circuit
is ________ mJ. [Take log e 2  0.7 ]
70. Two capacitors of capacitance 2F and 3F respectively are charged to potential difference 20 V each.
Now the capacitors are connected such that the positively charged plate of one capacitor is connected to
the negatively charged plate of the other. After the current in the circuit has become negligible, the
potential difference across the 2F capacitor is _______ V.
71. A parallel plate capacitor has two layers of dielectrics as shown in

the figure. The plates are connected across a battery of EMF  . The
ratio of potential difference across first dielectric layer to that across
second dielectric layer is __________.
72. A metal plate P is placed symmetrically between the plates A and B
of a capacitor of capacitance C0 as shown in the figure. Plate A is
given a charge Q and plate B is given a charge 3Q. If
 Q 
VB  V A  a   , a is equal to ____________.
C 
 0
73. In the circuit shown in figure, if switch S is closed, the charge that flows through battery in C is equal
to _____________.
74. Consider a parallel plate capacitor of capacity 10µF with air filled in
the gap between the plates. Now, one-half of the space between the
plates is filled with a dielectric of dielectric constant 4 as shown in
figure. The capacity of the capacitor changes to ___________ (in F ).
75. A dielectric slab is introduced inside an uncharged capacitor of plate area A and plate separation L. The
surface area of the slab is A and its thickness is slightly less than L. Let the surfaces of the slab that are
facing the plates of the capacitor be called its two “faces”. The dielectric constant of the slab varies with
 x
distance x from one of its face as: K  K 0 1   , where K 0 is a constant. After the insertion of the slab,
 L 
 
 K  A 
the capacitance of the capacitor is n  0 0  . The value of n is _________.
 L log 2 
 e 

Topics Covered – Capacitor basics, Energy stored in capacitor, Series & parallel combination of capacitors
76. In case of cylindrical capacitor shown in figure, choose the correct graph between the electric field and
radial distance ‘r’ from the axis. Assume positive charge on inner plate.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
77. A capacitor is connected to a battery. The force of attraction between the plates when the separation
between them is halved
(A) remains the same (B) becomes eight times
(C) becomes four times (D) becomes two times
*78. The distance between the plates of an isolated parallel plate condenser is 4mm and potential difference is
60 volts. If the distance between the plates is increased to 12mm, then:
(A) The charge on condenser will reduce to one third
(B) The potential difference between the plates will become 180 volts
(C) The potential difference between the plates will remain unchanged
(D) The force of attraction between the plates will remain unchanged
*79. In the figure shown, the plates of a parallel plate capacitor have unequal charges. Its capacitance is ‘C’. P
is a point outside the capacitor and close to the plate of charge –Q. The distance between the plates is ‘d’.
(A) A point charge at point ‘P’ will experience electric force due to capacitor
3Q
(B) The potential difference between the plates will be
2C
9Q 2
(C) The energy stored in the electric field in the region between the plates is
8C
Q2
(D) The force on one plate due to the other plate is
2 0d 2
DTS - 6 135 Level - 2| Capacitors

80. A photographic flash unit consists of a xenon-filled tube. It gives a flash of average power 2000 W for
0.04s. The flash is due to discharge of a fully charged capacitor of 40µF. The voltage to which it is
charged before a flash is given by the unit is:
(A) 1500V (B) 2000V (C) 2500V (D) 3000V
81. A capacitor of capacitance 5F is charged to a potential difference of 100 V and then disconnected from
the power supply. The minimum work needed to pull the plates of the capacitor apart so that the
distance between them doubles is (in J ):
(A) 5 (B) 10 (C) 25 (D) 50
82. What is the potential difference between points A and B in the circuit shown?
(A) 2V
(B) 4V
(C) 3V
(D) 12 V
83. As shown in figure, three capacitors C1,C 2, and C 3 are

connected to a battery. With symbols having their usual
meaning, the correct conditions will be:
(A) Q1  Q2  Q 3 and V1  V2  V3  V
(B) Q1  Q2  Q3 and V  V1  V2  V3
(C) Q1  Q2  Q3 and V  V1  V2
(D) Q 2  Q 3 and V 2  V3
84. In the circuit shown in the figure, C = 6F. The charge stored in the capacitor of capacity C is _____ (in
C).
85. As shown in figure, if the point C is earthed and the point A is given a potential of 2000 V, then the
potential at point B will be __________ (in volt).

Topics Covered – Combination of capacitors, Connecting two capacitors
86. In steady state, find the charge on 3µF capacitor in µC:
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

A combination of capacitors is charged by a cell of emf E as shown :
If it is given that Vab i.e. potential difference between points a and b is 4V, then answer the given questions.
87. Potential difference between points a and c will be:

(A) 4V (B) 12 V (C) 10 V (D) 8V
88. Potential difference between points d and a will be :

(A) 4V (B) 12 V (C) 10 V (D) 8V
89. EMF E of the charging battery is:

(A) 46 V (B) 12 V (C) 20 V (D) 18 V
90. All the plates shown in the figure are parallel to each other, the
area of each plate is A, and the separation between each pair of
facing plates is d. The equivalent capacitance between points A
and B is:
2 0 A 2 0 A 2 0 A 3 0 A
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3d 3d 5d 5d
91. Three large plates are arranged as shown.
How much charge will flow through the key K, if it is closed?
5Q
(A)
6
4Q
(B)
3
3Q
(C)
2
(D) None of these

92. A capacitor C1  1.0 F is charged to a voltage of V  60 V by
connecting it to battery B through switch (1). Now C1 is
disconnected from battery and connected to a circuit consisting
of two uncharged capacitors C2  3.0F and C3  6.0 F through
switch (2), as shown in the figure. Final charge on positive plates
of C2 or C3 is:
(A) 20 µC (B) 36 µC (C) 40 µC (D) 54 µC
*93. Two capacitors of 2F and 3F are charged to 150 Volt and 120 Volt respectively. The plates of
capacitors are connected, as shown in the figure. A discharged capacitor of capacity 1.5µF falls to the
free ends of the wire. Then, after the system attains steady state:
(A) Charge on the 1.5 µF capacitor will become 180µC
(B) Charge on the 2µF capacitor will become 120µC
(C) Positive charge flows through A from left to right
(D) Positive charge flows through A from right to left
*94. A 4F capacitor is given 20C charge and is connected with an uncharged capacitor of capacitance 2F
as shown in figure. When switch S is closed,
40
(A) charged flown through the battery is C
3
20
(B) charge flown through the battery is C
3
200
(C) work done by the battery is C
3
100
(D) work done by the battery is C
3
95. In the given circuit diagram, both capacitors are initially

uncharged. The capacitance of C1  2F and of C2  4F , emf of
battery A and B are 2V and 4V respectively. Match the options in
column I with appropriate options in column II.
Column-I Column-II
(Magnitude in 10–6
SI units)
(A) on closing switch S1 with S2 open, work done by battery A is (P) 64

3
(B) Switch S1 is open and S2 is closed, work done by battery B is (Q) 4
(C) Charge on capacitor C2 is (after S1 is opened and S2 is closed) (R) 8
(D) Charge on C1 when both are closed (S) 16

3
(T) zero

Topics Covered – Capacitors with dielectrics
96. A slab of a material of dielectric constant 2 is placed between two identical parallel metal plates. One of
the plates carries a total charge density of 2 mC / m 2 and the other plate carries a total charge
density 4 mC / m 2 . The magnitude of electric field inside the dielectric is (in 10 8 N / C ):

80
(Take 0   10 12 N m 2 / C 2 )
9
(A) 2.25 (B) 1.69 (C) 3.38 (D) 6.75
97. Two dielectric slabs of same area of cross-section as the area of the
plates are introduced inside a capacitor, as shown. Now, the
capacitor is charged. If the potential of the upper plate of the
capacitor is VH and the potential of the lower plate is VL , the
potential at the interface of the two slabs is:
1 1 1 2
(A) (V H  2V L ) (B) (2V H  V L ) (C) (V H  V L ) (D) (V H  V L )
3 3 3 3
98. Find the equivalent capacitance of a capacitor having four dielectric slabs of same dimensions but
different dielectric constants as shown.
10 K 0 A 24 K 0 A 50 K 0 A 21 K 0 A
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 d 10 d 21 d 10 d
99. The distance between plates of a parallel plate capacitor is 5d. The positively charged plate is at x = 0 and
negatively charged plate is at x = 5d. Two slabs one of conductor and the other of a dielectric of same
thickness d are inserted between the plates as shown in figure. Potential (V) versus distance x graph will
be:

(A) (B)
(C) (D)
*100. A capacitor of capacitance ‘C’ is connected with a battery of emf ε as shown. After the capacitor is fully
charged, a dielectric slab of same size as capacitor and dielectric constant k is inserted between the
plates of the capacitor. Choose correct statements. (capacitor remains connected to the battery)
(A) charge on capacitor increases

(B) energy stored in capacitor increases
(C) electric field between plates of capacitor decreases
(D) the external agent does positive work in inserting the dielectric
*101. A parallel plate capacitor of area A and separation d is charged to potential difference V and removed
A
from the charging source. A dielectric slab of constant K  2, thickness d and area is inserted, as
2
shown in the figure. Let 1 be free charge density at the conductor-dielectric surface and  2 be the
charge density at the conductor-vacuum surface. The correct statement(s) is/are:
(A) The electric fields have different values inside the dielectric and in the free space between the
plates
1 2
(B) The ratio is equal to
2 1
3 0 A
(C) The new capacitance is
2d
2V
(D) The new potential difference is
3

The figure shows two identical parallel plate capacitors A and B connected to an ideal battery of emf V volt.
Initially the switch S is closed and the circuit is in steady state. The switch is now opened and the free space
between the plates of both the capacitors is filled with a dielectric of dielectric constant 3.
102. Find the ratio of charge on capacitor A before and after the introduction of dielectric.
(A) 9 :2 (B) 1: 9 (C) 1:3 (D) 3:1
103. Find the ratio of total electrostatic energy stored in both the capacitors before and after the introduction
of dielectric.
(A) 9 :1 (B) 1: 9 (C) 1:2 (D) 3:5
104. When a dielectric slab is inserted between the plates of one of the two identical capacitors shown in the
figure, then match the following:
Column-I Column-II
(A) Charge on A (P) increases
(B) Potential difference across A (Q) decreases
(C) Potential difference across B (R) remains constant
(D) Charge on B (S) will change
105. Two identical capacitors are connected in series, and the combination is connected with a battery, as
shown. Some changes in the capacitor 1, are now made independently after the steady state is achieved,
listed in column-I. Some effectsm, which may occur in new steady state due to these changes on the
capacitor 2 are listed in column-II. Match the changes in capacitor 1 in column-I with corresponding
effect on capacitor 2 in column-II.
Column-I Column-II
(A) A dielectric slab is inserted (P) Charge on the capacitor increases
(B) Separation between plates increased (Q) Charge on the capacitor decreases
(C) A metal plate is inserted connecting both (R) Energy stored in the capacitor increases
plates
(D) The left plate is grounded (S) No change occurred

Topics Covered – Charging and discharging of capacitors
*106. A capacitor C1 is charged to a potential V and connected, as shown with

capacitors C 2 and C 3 , both of which are initially uncharged. Capacitance
of all capacitors is C. The ammeter is ideal. At t = 0, switch S is closed. Pick
the correct choice(s):
2V
(A) Just after t = 0, the ammeter reads
3R
2V 2
(B) Just after t = 0, rate of total heat dissipation in all resistors is
3R
V
(C) After a long time, potential difference across C1 is
3
1
(D) If switch is kept closed for a long time, total heat dissipation in all resistors is CV 2
6
V
*107. Two capacitors, C1 and C 2 , charged to a potential and V respectively
2
with polarities as shown, are connected in a circuit with an ideal battery of
EMF V. The capacitances are C1  2C and C 2  C . At t = 0, the switch S is
closed. A long time after S is closed,
(A) The upper plate of C1 has positive charge CV
(B) Total charge that has flowed through battery is 3CV
9
(C) Total loss in heat dissipation is CV 2
4
(D) Potential energy stored in C1 is same as potential energy stored in it at t = 0
*108. An uncharged capacitor of capacitance 2F is connected in a circuit with two ideal batteries and two
ideal ammeters G and G1 , as shown. Both switches are initially open. Each option below details a
possible pattern of closing the switches, and the consequent readings of the ammeters. Choose the
correct option(s):
(A) S1 is closed. After a long time interval, if S 2 is closed while keeping S1 closed, initially G reads 1
A, and G1 reads zero.
(B) S1 is closed. After a long time interval, S 2 is closed while keeping S1 closed. After another long
time interval, G reads zero, and G 1 reads 1.5 A.
(C) Both S1 and S 2 are closed simultaneously. Initially G reads 3 A, and G 1 reads 2 A.
(D) Both S1 and S 2 are closed simultaneously. After a long time interval, G reads zero, and G1 reads
0.5 A.

*109. In the circuit shown, all capacitors are initially uncharged. The capacitance of the capacitors are
C1  2F and C2  3F . The switch is closed at position 1 and kept closed until the current in the ideal
ammeter becomes negligible.

Which of the following statements is(are) true?
(A) The potential difference across C1 is 18 V .
(B) The charge on C 2 is 36C .
(C) The heat dissipated in the 1 resistance is 540J .

(D) Now if the switch is shifted to position 2, the initial
current registered by the ammeter is 3A.
*110. A capacitor of capacitance C1 is charged to a potential difference V and then connected with an
uncharged capacitor of capacitance C 2 and a resistance R. The switch is closed at t = 0. Choose the
correct option(s):
V
(A) The initial current through the resistance is
R
t
V   CC 
(B) The current through the resistance as a function of time is i (t )  e  where   R  1 2 
R C C 
 1 2
 t 
 CV
  
1
(C) The charge on capacitor C1 as a function of time is q1(t )     C  C2e  
 1
C C 
 1 2
 
 C 
(D) After a long time, the potential difference across the capacitor C1 is  1 V
C C 
 1 2
The circuit shown involves a resistance of R, a capacitor of capacitance C Farad
and an ideal cell of emf E volts. The capacitor is initially uncharged and the key
is in position 1. At t = 0, the key is pushed to position 2 for t 0  RC second and
then key is pushed back to position 1 for t 0  RC seconds. This process is
repeated again and again. Assume the time taken to push key from position 1 to
2 and vice versa to be negligible.
111. The current through the resistance at t  1.5 RC seconds is:

E  1 E  1 E 1 E  1
(A) 1   (B) 1   (C) 1   (D) 1  
e 2R  e eR  e R e e R  e
112. The variation of charge on capacitor with time is best represented by:
(A) (B)
(C) (D)

113. In each situation of column-I, a circuit involving two non-ideal cells of unequal emf E1 and E 2  E1  E 2 
and equal internal resistance r are given. A resistor of resistance R is connected in all four situations and
a capacitor of capacitance C is connected in last two situations as shown. Four statements are given in
column-II. Match the situation of column-I with statements in column-II.
Column-I Column-II
(A) (P) Magnitude of potential

difference across both cells can
never be same
(B) (Q) Cell of lower emf absorbs

energy, that is, it gets charged
up as long as current flows in
circuit
(C) The capacitor is (R) Potential difference across cell

initially of lower emf may be zero
uncharged. After
the key K is
closed
(D) The capacitor is initially uncharged. After (S) Current in the circuit can never
the key K is closed be zero (even after steady state
is reached)
114. Two capacitors of capacitance 2F and 3F are charged to a potential difference of 20 V and 40 V
respectively. Now the capacitors are connected in series with a resistance such that the positively
charged plate of one capacitor is connected to the positively charged plate of the other. The initial current
through the resistance is I 0 . The potential difference across the 2F capacitor at the instant the current
I
has reduced to 0 is _________V.
2
115. Initially, both capacitors are uncharged. A long time after the switch S is closed, the potential energy
stored in the capacitor of capacitance 2F is _________ 106 J .

JEE Main (Archive) Level-1
1. Capacitance (in F) of a spherical conductor having radius 1 m, is : [2002]

10 6 9 3
(A) 1.1  10 (B) 10 (C) 9  10 (D) 10
2. A sheet of aluminium foil of negligible thickness is introduced between the plates of a capacitor. The
capacitance of the capacitor : [2003]
(A) decreases (B) remains unchanged
(C) becomes infinite (D) increases
3. The minimum work done in placing a charge of 8  10 18 C on a condenser of capacity 100 F is : [2003]
(A) 16  1032 J (B) 3.1  10 26 J (C) 4  10 10 J (D) 32  10 32 J
4. A parallel plate capacitor is made by stacking n equally spaced plates connected alternatively. If the
capacitance between any two adjacent plates is C, then the resultant capacitance is : [2005]
(A) (n – 1)C (B) (n + 1)C (C) C (D) nC
5. A fully charged capacitor has a capacitance C. It is discharged through a small coil of resistance wire
embedded in a thermally insulated block of specific heat capacity s and mass m. If the temperature of the
block is raised by ΔT , the potential difference V across the capacitance is : [2005]
2mCΔT mCΔT msΔT 2msΔT
(A) (B) (C) (D)
s s C C
6. A parallel plate condenser with a dielectric of dielectric constant K between the plates has a capacity C
and is charged to a potential V volts. The dielectric slab is slowly removed from between the plates and
then reinserted. The net work done by the system in this process is : [2007]
1
(A)  K  1 CV 2 (B) CV 2  K  1 / K (C)  K  1 CV 2 (D) Zero
2
7. A battery is used to charge a parallel plate capacitor till the potential difference between the plates
becomes equal to the electromotive force of the battery. The ratio of the energy stored in the capacitor
and the work done by the battery will be : [2007]
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 1/4 (D) 1/2
8. A parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates has a capacitance of 9pF. The separation between
its plates is d. The space between the plate is now filled with two dielectrics. One of the dielectric has
dielectric constant K1 = 3 and thickness d/3 while the other one has dielectric constant K2 = 6 and
thickness 2d/3. Capacitance of the capacitor is now : [2008]
(A) 1.8 pF (B) 45 pF (C) 40.5 pF (D) 20.25 pF
9. Let C be the capacitance of a capacitor discharging through a resistor R. Suppose t1 is the time taken for
the energy stored in the capacitor to reduce to half its initial value and t2 is the time taken for the charge
to reduce to one-fourth its initial value. Then, the ratio t1/t2 will be : [2010]
(A) 1 (B) 1/2 (C) 1/4 (D) 2
JEE Main (Archive) 145 Capacitors

10. Combination of two identical capacitors, a resistor R and a DC voltage source of voltage 6V is used in an
experiment on R – C circuit. It is found that for a parallel combination of the capacitor, the time in which
the voltage of the fully charged combination reduces to half its original voltage is 10s. For series
combination, the time needed for reducing the voltage of the fully charged series combination by half is :
[2011]
(A) 20 s (B) 10 s (C) 5s (D) 2.5 s
11. A resistor R and a 2 F capacitor are connected in series through a switch to 200 V direct supply. Across
the capacitor is a neon bulb that light up at 120 V. Calculate the value of R to make the bulb light up 5s
after the switch has been closed : (Take, log102.5 = 0.4) [2011]
5 6 7 4
(A) 1.7  10 Ω (B) 2.7  10 Ω (C) 3.3  10 Ω (D) 1.3  10 Ω
12. Two capacitors C1 and C2 are charged to 120 V and 200 V, respectively. It is found that by connecting
them together, the potential on each one can be made zero. Then : [2013]
(A) 5C1 = 3C2 (B) 3C1 = 5C2 (C) 3C1 + 5C2 = 0 (D) 9C1 = 4C2
13. A parallel plate capacitor is made of two circular plates separated by a distance of 5 mm with a dielectric
of dielectric constant 2.2 between them. When the electric field in the dielectric is 3  10 4 V / m , the
charge density of the positive plate will be close to : [2014]
7 2 7 2 4 2 4 2
(A) 6  10 C /m (B) 3  10 C /m (C) 3  10 C / m (D) 6  10 C / m
14. In the given circuit, charge Q2 on the 2 F capacitor changes as C is varied from 1 F to 3 F. Q2 as
a function of C is given properly by : (figures are drawn schematically and are not to scale) [2015]
(A) (B) (C) (D)
15. A combination of capacitors is set-up as shown in the figure. The

magnitude of the electric field, due to a point charge Q (having a
charge equal to the sum of the charges on the 4 F and 9 F
capacitors), at a point 30 m distant from it, would be equal to: [2016]
(A) 240 N/C (B) 360 N/C
(C) 420 N/C (D) 480 N/C
16. A capacitance of 2 F is required in an electrical circuit across a potential difference of 1 kV. A large
number of 1 F capacitors are available which can withstand a potential difference of not more than 300
V. The minimum number of capacitors required to achieve this is: [2017]
(A) 16 (B) 24 (C) 32 (D) 2

17. In the given circuit diagram, when the current reaches steady state in the circuit, the charge on the
capacitor of capacitance C will be: [2017]
r1 r2 r1
(A) CE (B) CE (C) CE (D) CE
(r2  r ) (r  r2 ) (r1  r )
18. A parallel plate capacitor of capacitance 90 pF is connected to a battery of emf 20 V. If a dielectric
5
material of dielectric constant K  is inserted between the plates, the magnitude of the induced charge
3
will be: [2018]
(A) 1.2 nC (B) 0.3 nC (C) 2.4 nC (D) 0.9 nC
19. A parallel plate capacitor with square plates is filled with four dielectrics of dielectric constants
K1, K 2, K 3, K 4 arranged as shown in the figure. The effective dielectric constant K will be : [2019]
(K1  K 2 )(K 3  K 4 )
(A) K 
2(K1  K 2  K 3  K 4 )
(K1  K 4 )( K 2  K 3 )
(B) K 
2(K1  K 2  K 3  K 4 )
( K1  K 2 )(K 3  K 4 )
(C) K 
K1  K 2  K 3  K 4
( K1  K 3 )(K 2  K 4 )
(D) K 
K1  K 2  K 3  K 4
20. A parallel plate capacitor is made of two square plates of side ‘a’,
separated by a distance d(d  a ). The lower triangular portion is filled
with a dielectric of dielectric constant K, as shown in the figure.
Capacitance of this capacitor is: [2019]
1 K 0 a2 K 0 a2 K 0 a2 K 0 a2
(A) (B) ln K (C) ln K (D)
2 d d d( K  1) 2d( K  1)
21. A parallel plate capacitor having capacitance 12pF is charged by a battery to a potential difference of 10V
between its plates. The charging battery is now disconnected and a porcelain slab of dielectric constant
6.5 is slipped between the plates. The work done by the capacitor on the slab is : [2019]
(A) 560 pJ (B) 692 pJ (C) 508 pJ (D) 600 pJ
22. A parallel plate capacitor is of area 6cm2 and a separation 3 mm. The
gap is filled with three dielectric materials of equal thickness (see figure)
with dielectric constants K1  10, K 2  12 and K 3  14. The dielectric
constant of a material which when fully inserted in above capacitor, gives
same capacitance would be: [2019]
(A) 14 (B) 36 (C) 12 (D) 4

23. Seven capacitors, each of capacitance 2F , are to be connected in a configuration to obtain an effective
 6 
capacitance of   F . Which of the combinations, shown in figures below, will achieve the desired
 13 
 
value? [2019]
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
24. In the figure shown below, the charge on the left plate of the 10F capacitor is 30C . The charge on
the right plate of the 6F capacitor is: [2019]
(A) 18C
(B) 18C
(C) 12C
(D) 12C
25. A parallel plate capacitor with plates of area 1 m 2 each, are at a separation of 0.1 m. If the electric field
between the plates is 100 N/C, the magnitude of charge on each plate is: [2019]
2
C
( Take 0  8.85  10 12 )
N  m2
(A) 8.85  10 10 C (B) 9.85  10 10C (C) 7.85  10 10C (D) 6.85  10 10 C
26. In the circuit shown, find C if the effective capacitance of the whole circuit is to be 0.5 F . All values in
the circuit are in F . [2019]
7
(A) F
11
6
(B) F
5
(C) 4 F
7
(D) F
10
27. The charge on a capacitor plate in a circuit, as a function of
time, is shown in the figure: What is the value of current at
t  4s ? [2019]
(A) 1.5 A
(B) zero
(C) 3 A
(D) 2 A

28. In the figure shown, after the switch ‘S’ is turned from position ‘A’ to position ‘B’, the energy dissipated in
the circuit in terms of capacitance ‘C’ and total charge ‘Q’ is: [2019]
2 2
1 Q 5 Q
(A) (B)
8 C 8 C
3 Q2 3 Q2
(C) (D)
4 C 8 C
29. Voltage rating of a parallel plate capacitor is 500 V. Its dielectric can withstand a maximum electric field
of 10 6 V / m . The plate area is 104 m 2. What is the dielectric constant if the capacitance is 15 pF ?
( given 0  8.86  10  12 C 2 / Nm 2 ) [2019]

(A) 6.2 (B) 4.5 (C) 8.5 (D) 3.8
30. A parallel plate capacitor has 1F capacitance. One of its two plates is given 2C charge and the
other plate, 4C charge. The potential difference developed across the capacitor is: [2019]
(A) 2V (B) 5V (C) 3V (D) 1V
31. Determine the charge on the capacitor in the following circuit : [2019]
(A) 200 C (B) 60 C (C) 2 C (D) 10 C

32. A capacitor with capacitance 5 F is charged to 5 C. If the plates are pulled apart to reduce the
capacitance to 2 F , how much work is done? [2019]
(A) 2.55  10 6 J (B) 3.75  10 6 J (C) 6.25  10 6 J (C) 2.16  10 6 J

33. The parallel combination of two air filled parallel plate capacitors of capacitance C and nC is connected to
a battery of voltage, V. When the capacitors are fully charged, the battery is removed and after that a
dielectric material of dielectric constant K is placed between the two plates of the first capacitor. The new
potential difference of the combined system is: [2019]
( n  1)V V nV
(A) (B) (C) V (D)
(K  n ) K n K n
34. Figure shows charge (q) versus voltage (V) graph for series and parallel
combination to two given capacitors. The capacitances are: [2019]
(A) 20F and 30F
(B) 40F and 10F
(C) 60F and 40F
(D) 50F and 30F
35. In the given circuit, the charge on 4F capacitor will be:
(A) 13.4C
(B) 9.6 C
(C) 5.4C
(D) 24C [2019]

36. Two identical parallel plate capacitors, of capacitance C each, have plates of area A, separated by a
distance d. The space between the plates of the two capacitors, is filled with three dielectrics, of equal
thickness and dielectric constants K1, K 2 and K 3 . The first capacitor is filled as shown in fig. I, and the
second one is filled as shown in fig. II. If these two modified capacitors are charged by the same potential
V, the ratio of the energy stored in the two, would be ( E1 refers to capacitor (I) and E2 to capacitor (II)):
(A)
E1

 K1  K 2  K 3  K 2K 3  K 3K1  K1K 2 
E2 9K1K 2K 3
E1 K1K 2K 3
(B) 
E2  K1  K 2  K 3  K 2K 3  K 3K1  K1K 2 
E1 9K1K 2K 3
(C) 
E2  K1  K 2  K 3  K 2K 3  K 3K1  K1K 2 
(D)
E1

 K1  K 2  K 3  K 2K 3  K 3K1  K1K 2  [2019]
E2 K1K 2K 3
37. A simple pendulum of length L is placed between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor having electric
field E, as shown in figure. Its bob has mass m and charge q. The time period of the pendulum is given
by: [2019]
L L
(A) 2 (B) 2
2 2
 qE   qE 
g2    g2   
m  m 
   
L L
(C) 2 (D) 2
 qE   qE 
 g    g  
 m   m 
38. A capacitor is made of two square plates each of side ‘a’ making a very small angle  between them, as
shown in figure. The capacitance will be close to: [2020]
0 a 2  a  0 a 2  a 
(A) 1   (B) 1  
d  2d  d  4d 

0 a 2  a  0 a 2  3 a 
(C) 1   (D) 1  
d   d  d   2d 
39. A parallel plate capacitor has plates of area A separated by distance ‘d’ between them. It is filled with a
dielectric which has a dielectric constant that varies as k ( x )  K (1  x ) where ‘x’ is the distance
measured from one of the plates. If ( d )  1 , the total capacitance of the system is best given by the
expression: [2020]
 2
A 0 k   d   AK 0
(A) 1     (B) (1  d )
d  2  d
   
 
A 0 K  2d 2  A 0  d 
(C) 1 (D) 1  
d  2  d   2 
 

40. A 60pF capacitor is fully charged by a 20 V supply. It is then disconnected from the supply and is
connected to another uncharged 60 pF capacitor in parallel. The electrostatic energy that is lost in this
process by the time the charge is redistributed between them is (in nJ) ________ . [2020]
41. Effective capacitance of parallel combination of two capacitors C1 and C2 . is 10 F When these
capacitors are individually connected to a voltage source of 1V the energy stored in the capacitor C2 is 4
times that of C1 If these capacitors are connected in series, their effective capacitance will be : [2020]
(A) 3.2F (B) 8.4 F (C) 1.6 F (D) 4.2 F
42. A 5F capacitor is charged fully by a 220 V supply. It is then disconnected from the supply and is
connected in series to another uncharged 2.5 F capacitor. If the energy change during the charge
X
redistribution is J then value of X to the nearest integer is____. [2020]
100
43. A 10F capacitor is fully charged to a potential difference of 50 V. After removing the source voltage it is
connected to an uncharged capacitor in parallel. Now the potential difference across them becomes 20 V.
The capacitance of the second capacitor is: [2020]
(A) 30 F (B) 15F (C) 10F (D) 20 F
44. An ideal cell of emf 10 V is connected in circuit shown in figure. Each resistance is 2  . The potential
difference (in V) across the capacitor when it is fully charged is__________. [2020]
45. In the circuit shown in the figure, the total charge is 750 C and voltage across capacitor C2 is 20 V.
Then the charge on capacitor C2 is: [2020]
(A) 590 C (B) 450 C (C) 650 C (D) 160 C
46. A capacitor C is fully charged with voltage V0 . After disconnecting the voltage source, it is connected in
C
parallel with another uncharged capacitor of capacitance . The energy loss in the process after the
2
charge is distributed between the two capacitors is: [2020]
1 1 1 1
(A) CV02 (B) CV02 (C) CV02 (D) CV02
4 6 2 3

47. Two capacitors of capacitances C and 2C are charged to potential differences V and 2V, respectively.
These are then connected in parallel in such a manner that the positive terminal of one is connected to
the negative terminal of the other. The final energy of this configuration is: [2020]
3 25 9
(A) CV 2 (B) CV 2 (C) CV 2 (D) Zero
2 6 2
48. In the circuit shown, charge on the 5 F capacitor is: [2020]
(A) 10.90 C (B) 18.00 C (C) 16.36 C (D) 5.45 C

49. A parallel plate capacitor has plate of length ‘l’, width ‘w’ and separation of plates is ‘d’. It is connected to
a battery of emf V. A dielectric slab of the same thickness ‘d’ and of dielectric constant k = 4 is being
inserted between the plates of the capacitor. At what length of the slab inside plates, will the energy
stored in the capacitor be two times the initial energy stored? [2020]
(A) l/3 (B) l/4 (C) 2l/3 (D) l/2
50. For the given input voltage waveform Vin t  , the output voltage waveform V0 (t ), across the capacitor is
correctly depicted by: [2020]
(A) (B)
(C) (D)

JEE Advanced (Archive) Level-2
SINGLE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

1. Seven capacitors each of capacitance 2 F are connected in a configuration obtain an effective
10
capacitance F . Which of the following combination will achieve the desired result ? [1990]
11
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
2. A parallel plate capacitor of capacitance C, is connected to a battery and is charged to a potential

difference V. Another capacitor of capacitance 2C is similarly charged to a potential difference 2V. The
charging battery is now disconnected and the capacitors are connected in parallel to each other in such a
way that the positive terminal of one is connected to the negative terminal of the other. The final energy
of the configuration is: [1995]
3 25 9
(A) zero (B) CV 2 (C) CV 2 (D) CV 2
2 6 2
3. The magnitude of electric field E in the annular region of a charged cylindrical capacitor [1996]
(A) is same near the outer cylinder as near the inner cylinder
(B) is higher near the outer cylinder than near the inner cylinder
(C) varies as 1/ r , where r is the distance from the axis
(D) varies as 1/ r 2 , where r is the distance from the axis

4. A parallel combination of 0.1 M resistor and a 10 F capacitor is connected across a 1.5 V source of
negligible resistance. The time required for the capacitor to get charged to 0.75 V is approximately: (in
second) [1997]
(A) Infinite (B) loge 2 (C) log10 2 (D) zero
5. For the circuit shown, which of the following statements is true? [1999]
(A) with S1 closed V1  15V,V2  20 V (B) with S3 closed, V1  V2  25V
(C) with S1 and S2 closed, V1  V2  0 (D) with S1 and S3 closed, V1  30V,V2  20V
JEE Advanced (Archive) 153 Capacitors

6. Two identical metal plates are given positive charges Q1 and Q 2 (  Q1 ) respectively. If they are now
brought close together to form a parallel plate capacitor with capacitance C, the potential difference
between them is : [1999]
(A) Q1  Q2  / 2C (B) Q1  Q2  / C (C) Q1  Q 2  / C (D) Q1  Q2  / 2C
7. A parallel plate capacitor of area A, plate
separation d and capacitance C is filled with
three different dielectric materials having
dielectric constants K1, K 2 and K 3 as shown. If
a single dielectric matrial is to be used to have
the same capacitance C in this capacitor then
its dielectric constant K is given by: [2000]
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(A)    (B)  
K K1 K2 2K 3 K K1  K 2 2K 3
1 K1K 2 K1K 3 K 2K3

(C)   2K 3 (D) K  
K K1  K 2 K1  K 3 K2  K3
8. Consider the situation shown in the figure. The capacitor A has a charge q on it whereas B is uncharged.
The charge appearing on the capacitor B a long time after the switch is closed is: [2001]
(A) zero (B) q/2 (C) q (D) 2q
9. A capacitor is charged using an external battery with a resistance x in series. The dashed line shows the
variation of n I with respect to time. If the resistance is changed to 2x, the new graph will be :
[2001]
(A) P (B) Q (C) R (D) S

10. In the given circuit, with steady current, the potential difference across the capacitor must be : [2001]
(A) V (B) V/2 (C) V/3 (D) 2V/3

11. Two identical capacitors, have the same capacitance C. One of them is charged to potential V1 and the
other to V2 . Likely charged plates are then connected. Then, the decrease in energy of the combined
system is: [2002]
1 1 1 2 1 2
(A)
4

C V12  V22  (B)
4

C V12  V22  (C)
4

C V1  V2  (D)
4

C V1  V2 
12. A 4F capacitor and a resistance of 2.5 M are in series with 12 V battery. Find the time after which
the potential difference across the capacitor is 3 times the potential difference across the resistor. [Given,
In (2) = 0.693] [2005]
(A) 13.86s (B) 6.93s (C) 7s (D) 14s
13. Find the time constant for the given RC circuits in the correct order (in s ). [2006]
R1  1, R2  2,C1  4F,C2  2F
(A) 18, 4, 8/9 (B) 18, 8/9, 4 (C) 4, 18, 8/9 (D) 4, 8/9, 18
14. A circuit is connected as shown in the figure, with the switch S open. When the switch is closed the total
amount of charge that flows from Y to X is : [2007]
(A) 0
(B) 54µC
(C) 27 µC
(D) 81 µC
15. A parallel plate capacitor C with plates of unit area and separation d
is filled with a liquid of dielectric constant K = 2. The level of liquid is
d/3 initially. Suppose the liquid level decreases at a constant speed
v, the time constant as a function of time t is : [2008]
6 0 R 15d  9vt  0 R
(A) (B)
5d  3vt 2d 2  3dvt  9v 2t 2
6 0 R 15d  9vt  0 R
(C) (D)
5d  3vt 2d 2  3dvt  9v 2t 2
16. A 2 F capacitor is charged as shown in the figure. The percentage of its stored energy dissipated after
the switch S is turned to position 2 is : [2011]
(A) 0%
(B) 20%
(C) 75%
(D) 80%

17. In the given circuit, a charge of  80 C is given to the upper plate of the 4 F
capacitor. Then in the steady state, the charge on the upper plate of 3 F capacitor
is : [2012]
(A) 32 C
(B)  40 C
(C)  48 C
(D)  80 C
18. A parallel plate capacitor having plates of area S and plate separation d, has capacitance C1 in air. When
two dielectric of different relative permittivities  1  2 and  2  4  are introduced between the two
C2
plates as shown in the figure, the capacitance becomes C2 . The ratio is : [2015]
C1
6 5 7 7
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5 3 5 3
MULTIPLE OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE
*19. A parallel plate air capacitor is connected to a battery. The quantities charge, voltage, electric field and
energy associated with this capacitor are given by Q0 ,V0 ,E0 and U 0 respectively. A dielectric slab is
now introduced to fill the space between the plates with the battery still in connection. The corresponding
quantities now given by Q,V,E and U are related to the previous one as: [1985]
(A) Q  Q0 (B) V  V0 (C) E  E0 (D) U  U0
*20. A parallel plate capacitor is charged and the charging battery is then disconnected. If the plates of the
capacitor are moved farther apart by means of insulating handles: [1987]
(A) the charge on the capacitor increases
(B) the voltage across the plates increases
(C) the capacitance increases
(D) the electrostatic energy stored in the capacitor increases
*21. Capacitor C1 of capacitance 1F and capacitor C2 of capacitance 2 F are separately charged fully by a
common battery. The two capacitors are then separately allowed to discharge through equal resistors at
time t  0 . [1989]
(A) the current in each of the two discharging circuits is zero at t  0
(B) the currents in the two discharging circuits at t  0 are equal but not zero
(C) the currents in the two discharging circuits at t  0 are unequal
(D) capacitor C1 loses 50% of its initial charge sooner than C2 loses 50% of its initial charge

*22. A parallel plate capacitor of plate area A and plate separation d is charged to potential difference V and
then the battery is disconnected. A slab of dielectric constant K is then inserted between the plates of the
capacitor so as to fill the space between the plates. If Q, E and W denote respectively, the magnitude of
charge on each plate, the electric field between the plates (after the slab is inserted), and work done on
the system, in question, in the process of inserting the slab, then [1991]
2
 0 AV 0 KAV 0 AV
(A) Q (B) Q (C) E  V / Kd (D) W  [1  1 / K ]
d d 2d
*23. A dielectric slab of thickness d is inserted in a parallel plate capacitor whose negative plate is at x = 0
and positive plate is at x = 3d. The slab is equidistant from the plates. The capacitor is given some
charge. As x goes from 0 to 3d, [1998]
(A) the magnitude of the electric field remains the same
(B) the direction of the electric field remains the same
(C) the electric potential increases continuously
(D) the electric potential increases at first, then decreases and again increases
*24. In the circuit shown in the figure, there are two parallel plate capacitors each of capacitance C. The
switch S1 is pressed first to fully charge the capacitor C1 and then released. The switch S2 is then pressed
to charge the capacitor C2. After some time, S2 is released and then S3 is pressed. [2013]
After some time :
(A) The charge on the upper plate of C1 is 2 CV0
(B) The charge on the upper plate of C1 is CV0 C2
(C) The charge on the upper plate of C2 is 0
(D) The charge on the upper plate of C2 is –CV0
*25. A parallel plate capacitor has a dielectric slab of dielectric constant K between its
plates that covers 1/3 of the area of its plates, as shown in the figure. The total
capacitance of the capacitor is C while that of the portion with dielectric in
between is C1. When the capacitor is charged, the plate area covered by the
dielectric gets charge Q1 and the rest of the area gets charge Q2. The electric field
in the dielectric is E1 and that in the other portion is E2. Choose the correct
option/options, ignoring edge effects. [2014]
E1 E1 1 Q1 3 C K 2
(A) 1 (B)  (C)  (D) 
E2 E2 K Q2 K C1 K
*26. In the circuit shown below, the key is pressed at time t = 0. Which of the following statement(s) is (are)
true? [2016]
(A) The voltmeter displays  5V as soon as the key is pressed, and displays +5V after a long time
(B) The voltmeter will display 0 V at time t = In 2 seconds
(C) The current in the ammeter becomes 1/e of the initial value after 1 second
(D) The current in the ammeter becomes zero after a long time

*27. In the circuit shown, initially there is no charge on capacitors and keys S1 and S 2 are open.
The values of the capacitors are C1  10F , C2  30F and C3  C4  80F . [2019]
(A) If key S1 is kept closed for long time such that capacitors are fully charged, the voltage
difference between points P and Q will be 10V .

(B) The key S1 is kept closed for long time such that capacitors are fully charged. Now key S 2 is
closed at this time, the instantaneous current across 30 resistor (between points P and Q )
will be 0.2 A (round off to 1st decimal place).
(C) At time t  0, the key S1 is closed, the instantaneous current in the closed circuit will be
25 mA.
(D) If key S1 is kept closed for long time such that capacitors are fully charged, the voltage across
the capacitor C1 will be 4V .
LINKED COMPREHENSION TYPE

PARAGRAPH FOR QUESTIONS 28-29
Consider a simple RC circuit as shown in Figure 1.
Process 1 : In the circuit the switch S is closed at t  0 and the capacitor is fully charged to voltage V0 (i.e.,
charging continues for time T >> RC). In the process some dissipation ( E D ) occurs across the resistance R. The
amount of energy finally stored in the fully charged capacitor is EC .
V0
Process 2 : In a different process the voltage is first set to and maintained for a charging time T >> RC. Then
3
2V0
the voltage is raised to without discharging the capacitor and again maintained for a time T >> RC. The
3
process is repeated one more time by raising the voltage to V0 and the capacitor is charged to the same final
voltage V0 as in Process 1. These two processes are depicted in Figure 2.
28. In Process 2, total energy dissipated across the resistance E D is : [2017]
1  1 11 2
(A) E D  3  CV02  (B) ED  CV02 (C) E D  3CV02 (D) ED   CV0 
2  2 32 

29. In Process 1, the energy stored in the capacitor E C and heat dissipated across resistance E D are related
by : [2017]
1
(A) EC  ED (B) EC  2E D (C) EC  E D (D) EC  E D ln 2
2
NUMERICAL VALUE TYPE

30. Calculate the steady state current (in A) in the 2 resistor shown in the circuit (see figure). The internal
resistance of the battery is negligible and the capacitance of the condenser C is 0.2 F . [1982]
31. The figure shows two identical parallel plate capacitors connected to a
battery with the switch S closed. The switch is now opened and the free
space between the plates of both capacitors is filled with a dielectric of
dielectric constant (or relative permittivity) 3. Find the ratio of the total
electrostatic energy stored in both capacitors before and after the
introduction of the dielectric . [1983]
32. A part of circuit in steady state along with the currents flowing in the branches, the values of resistances
etc, is shown in the figure. Calculate the energy stored in the capacitor C  4 F  in J . [1986]
33. In the given circuit, [1988]

E1  3E2  2E3  6V and R1  2R 4  6 ,
R 3  2R2  4, C  5 F .
(i) Find the current in R3 (in A) .
(ii) Find the energy stored in the capacitor (in J ) .

34. Two parallel plate capacitors A and B have the same separation d  8.85  45 4 m between the plates.
The plate areas of A and B are 0.04 m 2 and 0.02 m 2 respectively. A slab of dielectric constant (relative
permittivity) K  9 has dimensions such that it can exactly fill the space between the plates of capacitor
B.
(i) The dielectric slab is placed inside A as shown in figure (a). A is then charged to a potential
difference of 110V. If the energy stored in it is x  105 J , then find x . [1993]
(ii) The battery is disconnected and then the dielectric slab is removed from A. If the work done by
the external agency in removing the slab from A is y  10 5 J , find y .
(iii) The same dielectric slab is now placed inside B, filling it completely. The two capacitors A and B
are then connected as shown in figure (c). If the energy stored in the system is z 105 J . Then
find z .
35. Two square metal plates of side 1m are kept 0.01m apart like a parallel plate capacitor in air in such a
way that one of their edges is perpendicular to an oil surface in a tank filled with an insulating oil. The
plates are connected to a battery of emf 500V. the plates are then lowered vertically into the oil at a speed
of 0.001 ms1 . If the current drawn from the battery during the process is i  x  10 9 A , then x is .
(Dielectric constant of oil  11 , 0  8.85  10 12 C2 N 1m 2 ) [1994]
36. A leaky parallel plate capacitor is filled completely with a material having dielectric constant K  5 and
electrical conductivity   7.4  10 12  1m 1 . If the charge on the capacitor at instant t  0 is
q  8.85 C , Then calculate the leakage current in A at the instant t  12s . [1997]
37. In the circuit shown in figure, the battery is an ideal one with emf V. The capacitor is initially uncharged.
The switch S is closed at time t  0 . [1998]
 xt 
CV  
(i) If Q(t )  3 RC  , find x .
1  e 
2
V
(ii) If the liming value of current at t   is , then find x .
xR
38. At time t = 0, a battery of 10V is connected across points A and B

in the given circuit. If the capacitors have no charge initially, at
what time (in seconds) does the voltage across them becomes 4
volt ? [Take n 5  1.6, n 3  1.1] 3 = 1.1] [2010]

39. Three identical capacitors C1, C2 and C3 have a capacitance of
1.0F each and they are uncharged initially. They are connected in a
circuit as shown in the figure and C1 is then filled completely with a
dielectric material of relative permittivity r . The cell electromotive force
(emf) V0  8V . First the switch S1 is closed while the switch S2 is kept

open. When the capacitor C3 is fully charged, S1 is opened and S2 is
closed simultaneously. When all the capacitors reach equilibrium, the
charge on C3 is found to be 5C . The value of r is x. Find x. [2018]
40. A parallel plate capacitor of capacitance C has spacing d between two plates having area A. The region
d
between the plates is filled with N dielectric layers, parallel to its plates, each with thickness   . The
N
 m
dielectric constant of the m th layer is K m  K 1 

 N 

 
 . For a very large N  103 , the capacitance C is
 K 0 A 
  . Find the value of  . [ 0 is the permittivity of free space] . [2019]
 d ln 2 
 
FILL IN THE BLANKS TYPE

41. In the steady state, the potential difference between the points A and B is_____ V and between the points
B and C is _____ V. [1980]
42. Five identical capacitor plates, each of area A, are arranged such that adjacent plates are at a distance d
apart, the plates are connected to a source of emf V as shown in the figure. [1984]
The charge on plate 1 is _______ and on plate 4 is _______ .
43. Two parallel plate capacitors of capacitances C and 2C are connected in parallel and charged to a
potential difference V, the battery is then disconnected and the region between the plates of capacitor C
is completely filled with a material of dielectric constant K. The potential difference across the capacitors
now becomes________. [1988]

44. The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with plate area A and separation d, is C. The space between
the plates is filled with two wedges of dielectric constants K1 and K 2 respectively (figure). The
capacitance of resulting capacitor is ___________. [1996]
45. Two capacitors A and B with capacities 3 F and 2 F are charged to a potential difference of 100 V and
180 V respectively. The plates of the capacitors are connected as shown in the figure with one wire of
each capacitor free. The upper plate of A is positive and that of B is negative. An uncharged 2 F
capacitor C with lead wires falls on the free ends to complete the circuit. Calculate [1997]
(i) the final charge on the capacitor A is ______ C , B is ______ C and C is ______ C .
(ii) the amount of electrostatic energy stored in the system before and after completion of the circuit
are respectively _________ mJ and _______ mJ.
46.  
At t  0, switch S is closed. The charge on the capacitor is varying with time as Q  Q0 1  e t . Then
Q0 is ______ and  is _______. [2005]
TRUE/FALSE TYPE
47. Two protons A and B are placed in between the two plates of a parallel plate capacitor charged to a
potential difference V as shown in the figure. The forces on the two protons are identical. [1986]

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Capacitors
Level - 0 CBSE Pattern
1. The bigger sphere has greater capacitance since capacitance of a spherical conductor C  r.
2. The energy of a charged capacitor resides in the medium between the plates.
3. The radii of both the spheres are equal, therefore their capacitances will be the same and hence their
charges Q = CV will be same.
Q2
4. Energy stored, U  , where Q is charge on capacitor.
2C
 Q 2  2CU  Charge Q  2CU z 5. No, for any material K > 1.
 A
6. Let A  area of each plate. ; Let initially C1  C  0  C2
d
After inserting respective dielectric slabs:
  A / 2  K 20  A / 2  0 A
C1 = KC …(i) & C2  K1 0
d

d

2d
 K1  K 2  ; C2  C2  K1  K 2  …(ii)
C 1
From (i) and (ii) C1  C2 ; KC   K1  K 2  ; K   K1  K 2 
2 2
0 A K10 ( A / 2) K 20 ( A / 2) 0 A K  K2 
7. C1  ; C2    [K1  K 2 ] ; C2  C1 1
d d d 2d 2
8. For a metal, K   and so when t <<d, the capacitance
0 A 0 A  A  A
C   0 ; As t  d, C  0
 1  1  d t d
d  t 1   d  t 1  
 K    
   
i.e., capacitance will remain unchanged.
1
9. Capacitance C  , when plates of a capacitor are moved farther, the capacitance decreases. After
d
disconnecting the battery, the charge on capacitor remains constant, therefore the energy stored by
 q2 
capacitor U    increases.
 2C 
 
 A
10. Capacitance of parallel plate air capacitor, C  0  8 pF …(i)
d
d
When separation between the plates becomes and the space between the plates is filled with dielectric
2
(K = 6), then new capacitance,
K 0 A 2K 0 A
C   …(ii)
d /2 d
C
  2K or C   2KC  2  6  8 pF  96 pF
C
11.
 A
Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor C  0 ; Area A 
Cd


2  0.5  102   1.13  10 m
9 2
d 0 12
8.85  10
This is too large. That is why ordinary capacitors are in the range of µF or even less. However, in
electrolytic capacitors, the separation (d) is very small, so they have capacitances of the order of 0.1F.
1 1 1 1 3
12. Let C be the capacitance of each capacitor, then in series    
Cs C C C C
or C  3C s  3  1µ F  3µF
When these capacitors are connected in parallel, net capacitance, C p  3C  3  3  9μ F
Physics | Capacitors 114 Workbook -4 | Solutions

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When these two combinations are connected to same source, the potential difference across each
combination is same.
1
Us CsV 2 Cs 1F 1
Ratio of energy stored,  2     Us : U p  1 : 9
Up 1 2 Cp 9F 9
C pV
2
13. (i) The graph of variation of potential and electric field due to a point charge Q with distance R from
the point charge is shown in figure.
(ii) Let C be capacitance of each capacitor.
C
In series arrangement, net capacitance Cs  .
2
In parallel arrangement, net capacitance, C p  2C
1
Energy stored U  CV 2
2
If Vs and V p are potential differences applied across series and parallel arrangements, then
given:
1 1 Vp Cs C /2 1
Us  U p  CsVs2  C pV p2    
2 2 Vs Cp 2C 2
0 A
14. (a) Initial capacitance C0  , potential difference = V
d
 A
(i) Initial charge, q0  C0V  0 V
d
 When battery is disconnected the charge on the capacitor remains unchanged and equal
 A
to q  q0  0 V .
d
 q/A q
(ii) Initial electric field between the plates, E 0   
0 0 A 0
After introduction of dielectric; the permittivity of medium become K 0 ;
q E
So final electric field between the plates, E   0
AK 0 K
1
i.e., electric field reduces to times.
K
(iii) After introduction of dielectric, the capacitance becomes KC0 .
Q
15. Capacitance C  ; Potential of shells A and B
V A  V B 
kQ kQ kQ kQ 1 1 1  Q  r1  r2 
VA   0 ; VB     .Q       
r1 r1 r2 r1 4 0  r1 r2  4 0  r1r2 
Q 4 0r1r2
Capacitance C   C .
r r 
Q r1  r2
0  1 2 
4 0  r1`r2 
16. Principle of a Capacitor: A capacitor works on the principle that the
capacitance of a conductor increases appreciably, when an earthed conductor
is brought near it. Thus, a capacitor has two plates, separated by a distance,
having equal and opposite charges.

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Parallel Plate Capacitor: Consider a parallel plate capacitor having two plane
metallic plates A and B, placed parallel to each other as shown in the figure.
The plates carry equal and opposite charges + Q and – Q respectively.
In general, the electric field between the plates due to charges +Q and –Q remains uniform, but at the
edges, the electric field lines deviate outward. If the separation between the plates is much smaller than
the size of plates, the electric field strength between the plates may be assumed uniform.
Suppose A be the area of each plate, ‘d’ the separation between the plates, and k is the dielectric constant
Q
of medium between the plates. If  is the magnitude of charge density of plates, then  
A
The electric field strength between the plates

E  , where ε0  permittivity of free space. …(i)
K 0
d
The potential difference between the plates, V AB  Ed  …(ii)
K 0
Putting the value of  , we get V AB 

Q / A  d 
Qd
K 0 K 0 A
Q Q K 0 A
 Capacitance of capacitor, C   or C …(iii)
V AB Qd / K 0 A  d
This is a general expression for capacitance of parallel plate capacitor. Obviously, the capacitance is
directly proportional to the dielectric constant of medium between the plates.
0 A
For air capacitor (K = 1); capacitance C  . This is expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate
d
air capacitor. Obviously, the capacitance of parallel plate (air) capacitor is:
(i) directly proportional to the area of each plate.
(ii) inversely proportional to the distance between the places. (iii) independent of metal plates.
17. Let the distance between the plates be increased by a very small distance x . The force on each plate is
F. The amount of work done in increasing the separation by x  Force × increased distance = F .x …(i)
Increase in volume of capacitor = Area of plates × Increased distance = A. x
Energy
u = energy density =
Volume
Increase in energy = u  volume  u .A.x …(ii)
As, Energy = Work done
F .x  u .A.x [ From eqs. (i) and (ii)]  F  u .A
1  1 V
 0 E 2.A 2
 u  0 E and E  
2  2 d 
1 V2
  A V 1  0 A  1 1
 .A   0 .V  
0 .  C  , CV  Q  ;  .E.C.V  QE
 
2 d2  d  d 2 
 d 
 2 2
18. Suppose two charged capacitors C1 and C2 charged to potentials V1 and V2 are connected in parallel,
with their positive terminals connected together and negative terminals connected together as shown in
the figure. After connection, the charge redistributes in such a way that the potential differences across
C1 and C 2 become equal. Charges on capacitors before connection, Q1  C1V1, Q2  C 2V2
Q1  Q2
Common potential after connection, V 
C1  C 2
C1V1  C2V2
V  …(i)
C1  C2

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Q1 C1
If Q1 and Q2 are charges after sharing, then Q1  C1V , Q2  C2V   …(ii)
Q 2 C2
This means that after connection, the charges on capacitors are shared in ratio of their capacitances.
Electrostatic energy stored in the system: When charges are shared between two capacitors, then
some energy is dissipated as heat and hence, definitely there is a loss of energy.
1 1
The energy loss = Initial energy U i   Final Energy U f   ; Initial energy : U i  C1V12  C2V22
2 2
After connecting two capacitors, their combined capacitance is C1  C2  and common potential is V;
1
therefore, final electrostatic energy Uf  C1  C2  V 2
2
2 2
1 C V C V  1 C1V1  C2V2 
 C1  C 2   1 1 2 2  {using (i)} ; 
2  C1  C2  2 C1  C 2 
 Loss in energy during sharing of charges, U  U i  U f
1
1 2 1
C1V1  C2V2 2 C1  C 2  C1V12  C2V22  C1V1  C2V2 2
 
2
 C1V1  C2V2  2 
2 2 C1  C2 2 C 1  C2 
1
 
2 C1  C 2 

C12V12  C1C2V22  C1C2V12  C22V22  C12V12  C 22V22  2C1C 2V1V2 
1
 
2 C1  C 2 
C1C2V22  C1C2V12  2C1C2V1V2 
C1C2 C1C2
  
V12  V22  2V1V2  V1  V2 2
2 C1  C 2  2 C1  C2 
C1C 2
i.e., Energy loss, U  V1  V2 2 .
2 C 1  C 2 
2
As C1,C2 and V1  V2  are all positive, therefore, U is always positive. Thus, in the process of
redistribution of charges, there is always a loss of energy. This energy is lost in the form of heat in
connecting wires.
19. The potential difference can only be increased by connecting capacitors in series, while capacitance can
only be increased by connecting capacitance in parallel.
To acquire the required arrangement, let there be m rows, connected in parallel, each row containing n
capacitors in series. Then total number of capacitors N = mn.
If V is the net potential difference and V0 , the potential difference across each capacitor, then
V 1kV 1000V
V  nV0 ,i .e., n     2.5
V0 400V 400V
As n cannot be a fraction, we must taken n  3. If C0 is capacitance of each capacitor, the capacitance
C0
of a row =
n
mC0
As m rows are connected in parallel, net capacitance C 
n
m  (1F ) 23
Given, C  2F and C0  1F , n  3  2F  or m  6
3 1
Minimum number of capacitors, N  mn  3  6  18
20. Given, C1  4 F  4  10 6 , V1  200V

1 1 2
Initial energy of first capacitor U1 
2 2
 
C1V12   4  10 6   200   8  10 2 J
When another C2  2F , uncharged capacitor is connected across first capacitor.

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q1  q 2 C1V1  0 4  10 6  200 400

Common potential, V   =  Volt
C1  C2 C1  C2  4  2  10 6 3
2
1 1 400  16
Final energy, U 2  C1  C2  V 2    4  2   106      10 2 J  5.33  10 2 J
2 2  3  3
Energy loss, U  U1  U 2  8  10 2  5.33  10 2  2.67  10 2 J
10
21. The maximum electric field applied = 10% of dielectric strength =  107 Vm 1  10 6 Vm 1
100
Potential difference across capacitor = 1kV  1000V
Capacitance C  50 pF  50  10 12 F
The maximum charge on the plates, Q  CV  50  10 12  1000  5  10 8 C

If  is the surface charge density of plates E     K 0E  Q A
K 0
Q Q 5  10 8
 Required area =    18.8  10 4 m 2  18.8cm 2
 K  0 E 3  8.85  10 12  10 6
22. Given C1  6F , C2 12F , V1  2V ;
Charge on capacitor C1 is q1  C1V1  (6F )  2(V )  12C
In series arrangement, charge on each capacitor remains the
same; so charge, on C2 is also q2  q1 12C .
q 2 12 C
 Potential difference across C2 is V2    1V
C2 12  F
Total battery voltage V  V1  V2  2  1  3V
23. The equivalent capacitance of C1 and C2 in series
C1C2 22
C    1 F
C1  C 2 2  2
C is in parallel with C3 , so equivalent capacitance of
C1,C2 and C3 is
C   1  1  2μF
C is in series with C4 ; their equivalent capacitance
C 4C  22
C     1μF
C4  C  22
This is in parallel with C5; So equivalent capacitance across AB is C AB  1  1  2  F
1 1 2
Energy stored U  C ABV 2   2  10 6   6   36  10 6 J
2 2
1 ε A
24. Energy stored in a capacitor for a fixed voltage, U  CV 2 . Capacitor of parallel plate capacitor C  0 .
2 d
10
If the separation between the plates is decreased by 10%, new separation, d  d  0.9d .
100
ε0 A C 10
 New capacitance C     C
0.9d 0.9 9
C  C  C   10  100
% change in energy is U   100%    1   100%    1   100%   11.1%
C C   9  9
i.e., energy stored increases by 11.1%.
25. Consider a parallel plate capacitor, area of each plate being A, the separation between the plates being d.
Let a dielectric slab of dielectric constant K and thickness t  d be placed between the plates. The
thickness of air between the plates is (d – t). If charges on plates are +Q and – Q, then surface charge
Q  Q
density   . The electric field between the plates in air, E1  
A 0 0 A

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 Q
The electric field between the plates in slab, E 2   .
K0 K 0A
 The potential difference between the plates, V AB  work done in
carrying unit positive charge from one plate to another = Ex (as field
between the plates is not constant).
Q Q Q  t 
 E1 d  t   E2t  d  t   t  V AB  d t  
0 A K0A  0 A  K
Q Q
 Capacitance of capacitor, C  
V AB Q  t 
d  t  
0A  K
0A 0A
Or C 
t  1
d t d  t 1  
k  K
d 0 A 0A
Here, t   C 
2 d 1 d 1
d  1   1  
2 K 2 K
26. When a capacitor is charged by a battery, work is done by the charging battery at the expense of its
chemical energy. This work is stored in the capacitor in the form of electrostatic potential energy.
Consider a capacitor of capacitance C. Initial charge on capacitor is zero. Initial potential difference
between capacitor plates = zero. Let a charge Q be given to it in small steps. When charge is given to
capacitor, the potential difference between its plates increases. Let at any instant when charge on
q
capacitor be q, the potential difference between its plates V  .
C
Now work done in giving an additional infinitesimal charge dq to capacitor
q
dW  V dq  dq
C
The total work done in giving charge from 0 to Q will be equal to
the sum of all such infinitesimal works, which may be obtained
by integration. Therefore total work
Q Q Q
q 1 q2  1  Q2 0  Q 2
W   V dq   C dq = C  2   C  2  2   2C
0 0  0  
If V is the final potential difference between capacitor plates, then Q  CV
CV 2 1 1
 W   CV 2  QV
2C 2 2
This work is stored as electrostatic potential energy of capacitor i.e.,
Q2 1 1
Electrostatic potential energy, U   CV 2  QV
2C 2 2
Energy density: Consider a parallel plate capacitor consisting of plates, each of area A, separated by a
distance d. If space between the plates is filled with a medium of dielectric constant K, then capacitance
K0 A
of capacitor, C 
d
If  is the surface charge density of plates, then electric field strength between the plates

E     K 0E
K 0
Charge on each plate of capacitor, Q   A  K  0 EA
2
Q2  K  0 EA   1 K  E 2 Ad
 Energy stored by capacitor, U   0
2C 2  K  0 A / d  2

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But Ad = volume of space between capacitor plates

1
 Energy stored, U  K  0 E 2 Ad
2
U 1
Electrostatic Energy stored per unit volume, u e   K  0E 2
Ad 2
This is expression for electrostatic energy density in medium of dielectric constant K.
1
In air or free space (K = 1), therefore energy density, u e   0 E 2
2
27. In figure (a), three capacitors of capacitances C1,C2,C3 are connected in series between points A and D.
In series, first plate of each capacitor has charge + Q and second plate of each capacitor has charge –Q
i.e,, charge on each capacitor is Q .
Let the potential differences across the capacitors C1,C2 ,C 3 be V1,V2,V3 respectively. As the second plate
of first capacitor C1 and first plate of second capacitor C2 are connected together, their potentials are
equal. Let this common potential be VB . Similarly the common potential of second plate of C2 and first
plate of C3 be VC . The second plate of capacitor C3 is connected to earth, therefore its potential,
VD  0. As charge flows from higher potential to lower potential, therefore, V A  VB  VC  VD
Q
For first capacitor, V1  V A  VB  …(i)
C1
Q
For second capacitor, V2  VB  VC  …(ii)
C2
Q
For third capacitor, V3  VC  VD  …(iii)
C3
1 1 1 
Adding equations (i), (ii), and (iii), we get V1  V2  V3  V A  VD      Q …(iv)
 C1 C2 C3 
If V be the potential difference between A and D, then V A  VD  V

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1 1 1 
 From (iv), we get V  V1  V2  V3   Q     …(v)
 C1 C2 C3 
If in place of all the three capacitors, only one capacitor is placed between A and D such that on giving it
charge Q, the potential difference between its plates become V, then it will be called equivalent capacitor.
If its capacitance is C, then
Q
V  …(vi)
C
Q 1 1 1 
Comparing (v) and (vi), we get Q   
C  C1 C2 C3 
1 1 1 1
or    …(vii)
C C1 C2 C 3
Thus in series arrangement, “The reciprocal of equivalent capacitance is equal to the sum of the
reciprocals of the individual capacitors.”
Parallel Arrangement : In fig. (c) three capacitors of capacitance C1, C2 , C3 are connected in parallel.
In parallel, the potential difference across each capacitor is same, V (say). Clearly, the potential difference
between plates of each capacitor V A  VB  V  say  .
The charge Q given to capacitors is divided on capacitors C1,C2 ,C 3.
Let q1, q2 , q3 be the charges on capacitors C1,C2 ,C3 respectively.
Then Q  q1  q2  q 3 …(i) and q1  C1V , q2  C 2V , q 3  C 3V
Substituting these values in (ii), we get Q  C1V  C 2V  C 3V or Q  C1  C2  C3  V
If, in place of all the three capacitors, only one capacitor of capacitance C be connected between A and B;
such that on giving it charge Q, the potential difference between its plates be V, then it will be called
equivalent capacitor. If C be the capacitance of equivalent capacitor, then Q  CV …(iii)
Comparing equations (ii) and (iii), we get CV  C1  C2  C3  V
or C  C1  C 2  C 3 …(iv)

Vidyamandir Classes
Level - 1 JEE Main Pattern
 80 
  10 12  (10 3 )
 A  A  9 
1.(B) C  0  d  0    4.4 mm
d C 12
2  10
1
2.(C) C  4 0 R  9  102 1011 F 10 5 F
9
9  10
4 0 ( R )(2R )
3.(B) C   80 R
(2R  R )
4.(C)
5.(D) Capacitance is a property of the system of the two conductors
Q V Q 15  10 6
6.(C) V   E     5000 N/C
C d Cd
3  10 10 
6 3
   2 A
7.(C) Force = (Charge on one plate) × (Electric field due to the other plate) ;  ( A )  
 2  2
 0 0
8.(B) A = 90cm 2 ,d  2mm

2 2
V 1 1 V  1  400 
E 
d
, V  400V ; u 
2
0 E 2  0   
2 d  2

8.85  10 12 
 2  10 3 

  0.177 Jm
3
1 Q2 1 C0 1 E1 4
9.(A) E1   C0V02 ; E2  · V02  C0V02 ; 
2 C0 /2 2 2 4 E2 1
4
10.(C) Cseries  F ; C parallel  7 F
7
11.(C) The circuit reduces to Q 12
Q  3F  12V  36 C
3F Q 12
Q1 C1
Now   Q1  2Q 2
Q2 C2 4F 2F
Q  Q1  Q 2 Q1
Solve for Q1 and Q2 , Q1  24C 6F Q Q2

12.(A)

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13.(B) 6 F and 3 F in series  2 F ; 2 F and 1F in parallel  3 F

3 F and 6 F in series  2 F ; 2 F and 2 F in parallel  4 F
4
4 F and 2 F in series F 
3
14.(D) In series, the charge on both capacitors is equal. Let the steady state charge on each capacitor be Q
 CC 
Then, Q  CeqV   1 2  V
C C 
 1 2
Q  C 
So, potential difference across the capacitor of capacitance C1 , V1   2 V
C1 C C 
 1 2
8
15.(B) Total capacitance of given system Ceq  F
5
1 1 8
U  CeqV 2    10 6  225  180  10 6 J  180  10 6  107 erg  1800 erg
2 2 5
16.(D) Equivalent circuit is of wheat stone bridge. Remove capacitor C5 and solve.
17.(D) A A
2F
1F  1F 1F  A B
2F
B B
18.(C) Reduced circuit is 2F
3
Ceq  C
2
19.(A) Two capacitor in parallel so Ceq = 2C. The third capacitor is short – circuited.
1 1 1 3C
20.(D)    Ceff 
Ceff 3C C 4
21.(C) There are three capacitors in parallel.
22.(C) Net emf in circuit, E  16  6  10V
23 6
Ceq   F
23 5
6 12
Charge on each capacitor, q   10  12 C ; Potential difference across 2F capacitor =  6V .
5 2
2   3  4  14
23.(B) Capacitors B and C are in parallel, then A is in series, Ceq   µF
2  3  4  9
14 14
Q  CeqV   7  6   C
9 9
3  14 / 9  2
Q will be divided between B and C. So charge on B is q   C
34 3

Vidyamandir Classes
q 2q
24.(A) 6  or q  6µC
2 4
q q  1 1  40
25.(C) VA  E   VB or V A  V B  E  q    or q C
C1 C2 C
 1 C 2 3
1
26.(A) E1  C1V12  450  10 6 J
2
q1  q2 1
Common Potential V   10 Volt ; E 2  C1  C2  V 2  150  10 6 J
c1  c2 2
Loss  (450  150 ) J  300 J
2 2 2
1 1  C1V0  1  C1V0  1  C1V0 
27.(B) U initial  C1V02 ; U final  C1    C2   =   C1  C2 
2 2  C1  C2  2  C1  C2  2  C1  C2 
U initial C1  C2 C C U initial U
  2  U final  
U final C1 C 2 2
28.(C) Charge stored in capacitor 3F = 36 C
charge stored on capacitor 6 F = 72 C
36  Q 72  Q
 i.e., – 72 + 2Q = 72 – Q
3 6
3Q = 2 × 72 ; Q = 48
48  36
 Vcommon = =4V
3
1 1
29.(C) Initial energy of the system U i  CV12  CV22
2 2
When the capacitors are joined, common potential
CV1  CV2 V1  V2
V  
2C 2
Final energy of the system
2
1  V  V2  1 1
Uf  (2C )V 2 
2C  1   C (V1  V2 )2
2 2  2  4
 
1
Decreased in energy  U i  U f  C (V1  V2 )2
4
30.(C) C AV  C B V  Q A  Q B
V  2V  2  4  V  2Volts
Q A  C AV  2C
Q B  C BV  4C
0 A k 0 A C 2 wax k 0 A d 6 k
31.(D) Ca  ; C wax  ;  . ; 
d 2d Ca 2d 0 A 2 2
32.(C) As potential difference and separation remains same, so field remains same
4 0 A 0 A
33.(C) Use 
3 d t
d t 
K

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0 A 0 A
34.(C) Use 
d t
d 't 
K
 A 0 A d C2 2
35.(B) C1  0 , C2  , t b  given  
d d t   2 C1 1
A 0
36.(B) Initially,  2F
d
Now, the two dielectric slabs are in series, so the equivalent capacitance is given by:
d  d 
   
1 2 2  15   0 A 
       Ceq      7.5 F
Ceq 30 A 50 A  4  d 
  
K10 A K 20 A
1 1 1 C1C2 d1 d2 K1K 20 A
37.(C)   or C   
C C1 C2 C1  C2 K10 A K 20 A K
 1d2  K 2d1
d1 d2
K 0 A K1K 2 d1  d2 
C   K 
d1  d 2 K1d 2  K 2d1
3 0 A 0 AK ( K  3)C
38.(A) Cnet   
4d 4d 4
 80 
(4)   10 12  (50  10 4 )
 9
K 0 A  16
39.(C) Capacitance, C       1010 F
d 3 9
10
 16 
Work done by the battery, W  CV 2    10 10 (50)2  0.44 J
 9 
 
40.(C) Q  (kCV  CV )  (k  1)CV  2CV , W = QV  2CV 2
41.(B) Initially, the charge on the capacitor, Q1  (2) (20)  40C
When the slab is removed, the capacitance reduces by 8 times. Because the battery is still connected, the
potential difference across the capacitor remains the same. So, the charge on the capacitor now becomes
1
Q f    (20)  5C
4
 
This means that 35 C charge has flown into the positive terminal of the battery. So, work done by the
battery,
W   (35) (20)   700J  0.7J
C1  0   C2 V 
42.(A) Common potential = V1 
C1  C2
 K 0 A   0 A 
K 0 A  A   0    V 
 d   d 
C1  , C2  0 ; V1 
d d K 0 A 0 A

d d
V V V  V1
V1   K 1   K 
K 1 V1 V1
Q1  Q 2 CV  2CV 3V
43.(D) Vc   
C1  C2 KC  2C K 2
KC Q K
44.(B) Q  CeqV0  V0 ; V2   V0
( K  1) C K 1

Vidyamandir Classes
Q Q (b  a ) 9  10 9  2.5  10 6 (0.13  0.12)

45.(B) V 0  Or V 
C K 4 0ab 32  0.13  0.12
= 450 V
t
V  V
46.(C) Current in the circuit, i  e RC ; Therefore, current is at t  2RC loge 2
R 4R
10
47.(A) q  q0e t RC  10 e 12 12  C
e
Potential difference across the capacitor
48.(C) Current through the resistance =
Resistance
V
Or, i  V  iR  (0.1) (103 )  100 Volt
R
So, charge on the capacitor, Q  CV  (5  10 3 ) (100)  500 C
2 2 4 4 4 4 4
49.(C) Inet =   A. VT  2   0.5  V . Q  CV  1 F  V  C
r 1 (3 / 2) 3 2 3 3 3
50.(B) When a capacitor is uncharged, the potential difference across it must be zero. So, no current can flow
initially through the resistance connected in parallel with the capacitor.
2
i   .002 A  2mA .
1000
51.(D) At steady state, there is no current through the capacitor and hence it can be removed from the circuit
while analysing it. So, current through the circuit,
50 50
i  A
10  1 11
The potential difference across the capacitor is equal to the potential difference across the 10 
resistance.
 50  500
Therefore, V  iR    10 
 11  11
Volt 
 
120V
52.(B) I   12 A , V AB  120  12  1  108V , V AD  6  12  72V
3  6   1
C1C2 1 2 2 2 2
Ceff    F   10 6 F , ; Q  V AB  C eff  108   10 6  72  10 6 C
C1  C2 1  2 3 3 3
Q 72  10 6
V AC    36V , VCD  V AD  V AC  72  36  36V
C2 2  10 6
53.(D)
27 27
Charge flown  27   C
2 2
54.(D) Since the positive plate of one capacitor is connected to the negative plate of the other capacitor, initial
current in the circuit,

Vidyamandir Classes
V  V2 100  50 150
i0  1   R  3000 
R R 0.05
55.(A) Heat generated = Work done by battery – Potential energy stored in the capacitor
1 1 1 2
= (CV )V 
2
CV 2 ; 
2
CV 2 
2
2 10  100 
6
 10 mJ
56.(B) The initial charge on the capacitor, qi  CV  100  24  2400C.

The final charge on the capacitor, q f  CV  100  12  1200C.
The flow of charge in the process q  q f  qi  1200  2400  1200C.
57.(C) Work done by battery, W  V  q   12 1200  10 6  14.4mJ 

Now U i  W  U f  heat generated or 28.8  14.4  7.2  H  H  7.2mJ .
58.(D) Suppose charge flown through the battery is Q, then charge

distribution will be as:
The electric field in the region between A and B is
Q  2C (C  Q ) 2Q  3C
 
2 A 0 2 A 0 2 A 0
59.(D) Let the potential of the junction be V . Then, by applying KCL at the junction,
6 V 4 V 8 V
  0 ; 12  2V  4  V  8  V  0
2 4 4
24  4V ; V 6 v
Potential drop across capacitor ;  6  10   ;  16V ; Charge on capacitor  16C
 A
60.(B) q  C   IR  0   IR
    … (i)
x
 A (  IR )
x  0 … (ii)
q
On differentiation of equation (ii) and from (i)

Ix 2
v
0 A(   IR )
16
C
61.(48) 3 5  C  48 F
16
C
5
62.(7.5) If the charge on the plates of a capacitor is Q1 and Q 2 , the charge on the inner surface of the plates
Q  Q2 Q  Q1
becomes 1 and 2 . ; So, potential difference between the plates,
2 2

Vidyamandir Classes
Q1  Q2
V  ; Therefore, V = 7.5 V
2C
63.(0.33) Let the capacitance of the capacitors be 3C and C
Then, the potential difference across them at steady state must be V and 3V.
V
Since the electric field inside a capacitor is given by E  , the ratio of electric field between the plates of
d
1
these two capacitors is .
3
1
64.(5) Energy stored in a capacitor, CV 2 U 
2
Therefore, potential difference across the capacitor,
V 
2U


2 10  103   100 V
C 6
2  10
V 100
So, electric field inside the capacitor, E    105 N / C
d 3
10
65.(15) Let the plate separation be d, the plate area be A, and the initial capacitance be C 0 .
 A
Then, C0  0
d
After the dielectric slab is introduced, let the capacitance be C.
d d
   
2
1 2 3C 0
So,        C 
C 0 A 30 A 2
Since C0  2F , C  3F
1 1
So, energy stored in the capacitor, U  CV 2  (3  10 6 ) (100)2 15mJ
2 2
14
66.(2.33) Let the potential at O be V0 ; Then, 1(V0 1)  2(V0  2)  3(V0  3)  0 ; V  2.33 V
6
Q2 Q2 U 0.01
67.(5) Force between the plates, F      5N
2 0 A 2Cd d (0.002)
68.(2) Work done by the battery, W  3V0 3CV0  CV0  6CV02

 
1
Potential energy stored in the capacitor initially, Ui  CV02
2
Potential energy stored in the capacitor finally,
1 2 9
Uf  
C 3V0   CV02 ; Heat generated, H  W  U f  U i  2CV 02
 
2 2
69.(20) Let the capacitance be C and let the initial potential difference across the capacitor be V
V
Since initial current i0  , V  20 Volts
R
Time after which current reduces to half, T1/2  RC log e 2
Therefore, C  100 F
1 1
So, initial potential energy stored, Ui  CV 2 
(10 4 )(20)2  20 mJ
2 2
70.(4) Initially, charge on the 2F capacitor  (2)(20)  40C ; charge on the 3F capacitor  (3)(20)  60 C
Let the final charges on the two capacitors be Q1 and Q 2 respectively.

Vidyamandir Classes
When steady state is achieved, the polarity of the capacitor that initially had a lower amount of charge,
i.e. the 2F capacitor, has reversed, and the potential difference across the capacitors is equal. So,
Q1 Q2

2 3
Now, we can choose a pair of connected plates and conserve the total charge on them as they are an
isolated system.
Therefore, Q1  Q 2  60  ( 40)
Solving, we get Q1  8C and Q 2  12C
8
So, potential difference across the 2F capacitor   4V
2
71.(6) Let the electric field in dielectrics be E1 and E2
E1 K2
Then,  12
E2 K1
Let the potential difference across the two dielectric layers be V1 and V2
V1 E1d 12
Then,   6
V2 E 2 2d 2
72.(1) Let the separation between the plates A and B be 2d.
 A
Then, C0  0
2d
The charge distribution on the six surfaces of the plates will be as shown.
 Q  Q
So, VB  VP   d 
 A 2C0
 0 
 Q  Q
And, VP  V A   d 
 A 2C 0
 0 
Q
Adding the above two equations, VB  V A 
C0
73.(10) Let us assume that charge q flows out of the positive terminal of the battery.
q 15  q
At steady state,   10  q  10C
6 3
0 A 0 A /2 40  A / 2 1 
74.(25) Given  10 ; C    10   2  25F
d d d 2 
75.(1) Consider an element of the slab that lies between a distance x and distance x+dx from its first face. The
capacitance of this element will be
 x 
K 0 1   ε0 A
 L 
 
dx
Since all such elements are effectively in series with each other, the total capacitance is given by:
1 1 L dx L L dx L L L K 00 A
loge  L  x   C 
K 0 0 A 0  K 00 A 0 L  x K 0 0 A
   loge 2 
C x 0 K 00 A L loge 2
1  
 L 
 

Vidyamandir Classes
Level - 2 JEE Advanced Pattern
  q
76.(C)
 E  ds  0
Inside the inner cylinder i.e., of radius ‘a’
There is no charge  E=0
From radius a to b, qenclosed  0 i.e. it encloses charge on inner cylinder
  q
 E  ds  E .2r    0  0  0
q K  q 
E  ; E   Here K  
2 0 r r 
 2  
0 
Again for r  b ; qenclosed  0
E 0
77.(C) Distance between plates halved capacitance becomes doubled also charge becomes doubled,
Force of attraction aQ 2
Force becomes four time.
V d V  V2 60  12
78.(BD) For capacitor 1  1  V2  1   180V
V2 d 2 d1 4
Force of attraction  Q2, as charge remains same so force remains unchanged
2Q Q Q
79.(ABC) (B) E0   
2 0 A 2 0 A 2 0 A
2Q Q 3Q
Ein    Ein 
2 A 0 2 A 0 2 A 0
3 Q 3Q
E in   Ein d  V
2 Cd 2C
2
1 1  3Q  9 Q2
(C) Energy = 0 E 2 Ad  0   Ad 
2 2  2Cd  8 C
 2Q  Q2
(D) F  EQ F     Q   
 2 A 0  A 0
Q2
F   D is wrong
A 0
1
80.(B) 2000  0.04   40  10 6 V 2 Or V 2  4  106 or V  2000V
2
81.(C) Since the capacitor is disconnected from the power supply, the charge on its plates cannot change.
Charge on the capacitor,
Q  (5)(100)  500C
If the separation between the plates is doubled, the capacitance becomes half. The minimum work done
in the process is the difference between initial and final potential energy.
1  (500)2 (500)2 
W  U f  Ui     106  25 J
2  2.5 5 
 
4F A 2F
q 6 q 6
82.(A)  4  10 and  2  10
Vx  V A V A  Vy x y
2F 4F
Here Vx = 6V and Vy = 0. ; We get VA = 4V B
Similarly for lower side branch
We get VB = 2V  V A  V B  4  2  2V .
6V

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83.(C) At junction A, Q1 will be divided into Q2 and Q3 . Hence, Q1  Q2  Q3 . C2 and C 3 are in parallel, so
potential on them will be the same, i.e., V2  V3.
V will be divided into V1 and V2  or V3  ; Hence V  V1  V2 or V  V1  V3
84.(40) Both the capacitors are in series.
Therefore, charge stored on them will be same.
C (2C ) 2 2
Net capacity   C   6 F = 4 F
C  2C 3 3
Potential difference = 10 V  q = CV = 40 C
10  10 5  15 75
85.(500) CBC   10  15 F ; C AC   F
10  10 5  15 20
75
Charge on capacitor of 5F   2000 = 7500 C
20
7500 C
V A  VB   1500 V ; V A  2000 V ; VB  2000 1500  500 V
5F
86.(D) Let the potentials in steady state at various points be as shown:
Sum of charges on all three capacitors will be zero.
So,    
2 x  5  3 x 1  4 x  2  0  
7
Solving, x  volts
3
7 
So, Q  on 3F   3   1 C  4C
3 
 
87.(B) Considering branch ac,
Vab  4V (Given)  Qab  CabVab  12 F  4V  48 C
As, 12F and 6 F capacitors are in series
 Charge on both must be same  Qbc  48C
48
As, Cbc  6F ; Vbc  V  8V Hence, Vac  Va  Vc  Va  Vb  Vb  Vc  4  8  12 V
6
88.(C) In given circuit, there are two portions marked I and II, as shown.
Now, considering circuit as given in figure:
Clearly I and II parts are in series, so charge on both portions must be same.
As, Vac  12V And Ceq of portion marked I  10 F

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So charge on portion I  Veq  Ceq  10  12  120 C
 Charge on portion II = 120 C   

Cad  Vd  Va  120 C
  
12  Vd  Va  120  Cad  12 F   Vd  Va  10 V
89.(A) We can consider the given circuit as :

120
Charge on 5 F capacitor  120 C  Vc  Ve   24V
5
By applying Kirchoff's law in shown loop,
E  Vda  Vcd  Vec  0 E  12  10  24  46 V
90.(D) We can number all the plate surfaces, except the ones on the
outside, starting from the top. Then, we can draw a circuit
diagram, such that each pair of facing surfaces becomes a
capacitor and a zero-resistance wire can be shown between the two
faces of the same plate. This will result in the following diagram:
There are four capacitors, and the capacitance of each one of them,
 A 3 3 0 A
C  0 ; So, the capacitance between A and B, C AB  C 
d 5 5d
91.(A) After key is closed:
3Q
 3Q  y  y  y
2
x  2Q  x 
 
c  c /2 
 x  4Q  2 x  x  4Q /3
3Q 4Q 4Q 2Q2Q 3Q
2 3 3 3 3 2
3Q 2Q 5Q
Hence, charge will flow =   
2 3 6
C 2C 3 36
92.(C) C23    2F
C2  C3 3  6
C1V1  C23V23 1  60  2  0
Common potential V   V  20 volt
C1  C23 1 2
 q  C eqV  2  20C ; q  40C
93.(ABC) In the initial state, charge on each capacitor is shown in figure-1.
Let charge q flow anticlockwise in the circuit before it achieves steady state as shown in figure-2.
Applying KVL in figure 2.
360  q q (300  q )
  0 or q  180µC
3 1.5 2
 Final charge on 1.5µF capacitor is q  180µC and final charge on 2F capacitor is
300  q  120 C.

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94.(BC) Using Kirchhoff’s loop law and conservation of charge, final distribution of charge on the capacitors will
be as shown in the figure.
Charge q flown through the battery = charge on 2F capacitor and work done by the battery = qV
95. (A)-R; (B) – P ; (C)- S ; (D) - Q
1 
(A) Work done by battery A = 2  C1V12   2  22  8J
2 
1  1 4  2  64
(B) Work done by battery B = 2  CV22  = 2    42  = J
 2   2 4  2  3
42 16
(C) q2  CV   4  C (D) q1  C1V1  2  2  4C
4 2 3
96.(B) The inner surfaces of the two plates will carry charge density 3 mC / m 2 and 3 mC / m 2 respectively.
Therefore, field between the plates,
 3  10 3
E    1.69  10 8 N / C
K 0 80
10  122
9
97.(A) Let us assume that VH  VL . This assumption will not affect our answer, and you can test this yourself
by taking the opposite assumption and solving.
Let the electric field inside the upper slab be E H and the electric inside the lower slab be E L .
EH K2
Then, we know that  2
EL K1
Let the potential at the interface be V
d  d 
Then, VH  V  E H   and V  VL  E L  
2 2
   
1
Solving, we get V  (V H  2V L )
3
98.(C) The system will act as combination of four capacitor
K 0 ( A / 2) 2K 0 ( A / 2) 3 K 0 ( A / 2) 4 K 0 ( A / 2)
Where C1  , C2 , C3  ,C 4 
d/2 d /2 d /2 d /2
This can be further reduced as shown

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1 1 1 2 K 0 A 1  1 12 K 0 A 50 K 0 A
   C1  ;    C2
  ; Ceq  C1  C2
 
C1 C1 C2 3d C2
 C3 C4 7d 21 d
99.(B) E = – slope of V-x graph

E inside a conductor = 0
 slope of V-x graph between
x = d to x = 2d should be zero and E in air > E in dielectric
 |slope in air| > | slope in dielectric|
100.(AB) Capacitance increases, so charge and energy stored increases.
As potential difference remains same, so electric field remains same.
External agent does negative work as it has to apply outward force to balance the electric force on the
dielectric.
The work done by battery increases the energy of capacitor after compensating the negative work done by
external agent.
  d  1
101. (BCD) Potential V  1  d  2  2  1  2
K 0 0 K 2
1  K 0 A / 2 0 A /2 30 A
E1  E2   2 ; C  C1  C2   
K 0 0 d d 2d
102.(C) Since potential difference across A remains same
q A i 1
 q A  i  CV  
and q A
f
 3CV  
qB  f 3
1 1
103.(D) U i  U A   U B   CV 2  CV 2  CV 2
i f 2 2
2
1 2 1 V  5
U f  UA  UB  3C   3C         CV 2
f f 2 2 3  3
 
U i :U f  3 : 5
104. (A-P,S) ; (B - P,S) ; (C - Q,S) ; (D - P,S)
If V is the potential applied across the capacitor, then potential difference across each capacitor will be
V
. when
2
(A)  P,S; Dielectric is inserted in capacitor B, then
(B)  P,S; V1  V2  V (C)  Q,S; CV1  kCV2
 kV   V 
(D)  P,S; On solving above equations, we get V1    and V2   .
 k  1 k 1
Clearly potential of A increases and that of B decreases. Initial charges on the capacitors are:
CV CV
q1  , q2 
2 2
kCV kCV
Final charge: q1  CV1  and q2  .
k 1 k 1
Charge on capacitor A and B will increase.
105. (A - P,R) ; (B – Q) ; (C - P,R) ; (D - S)
(A) By inserting dielectric slab, capacitance of 1 increases, thereby increasing charge on capacitor 2
as more charge is flown through the battery. Energy stored in capacitor also increases.
(B) By increasing separation between the plates, capacitor C1 decreases, Charge on C2 also
decreases.
(C) By shorting capacitor 1, only capacitor 2 remains in the circuit. Potential difference across C2
increases, thereby increasing charge on 2 as well as energy stored.
(D) By earthing plate of capacitor 1, potentials will change but there will be no potential difference
change, making no overall change in the circuit.
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106.(ABC) Due to the symmetrical situation of C2 and C3,
current into them is always equal.

At t  0, C2 and C3 are uncharged
So, applying KVL,
V
V  iR  2iR  0  At t  0, i 
3R
2V 2V 2
 Current out of C1  2i  ;Rate of heat dissipation  i 2R  i 2R  (2i )2 R  6i 2R 
3R 3R
CV
At steady state, each capacitor curries charge with all left plates carrying positive charge.
3
 2
1 1 V   1
 Total heat dissipation  U i  U f CV 2  3  C     CV 2
2  
2  3   3
 
107.(BC) Between t = 0 and the steady state,
3
 CV charge flowed into upper plate of C1 and
2
 CV charge flowed into upper plate of C 2
5
So,  CV charge flowed out of positive terminal of battery
2
Heat Dissipation = Ui + Wbattery – Uf
 2 
 1 V  1  5  1 1 7
  C    (2C )V 2    CV  V   CV 2  (2C )V 2  CV 2
   
2  2  2  2  2 2 4
 
108.(ACD)Let the left and right junctions be called P and Q respectively.
Case I: S1 is closed.
At steady state, current through the capacitor has become zero and therefore, V P  VQ  20 V . When
S 2 is closed, the potential difference across the capacitor cannot change immediately. So, initially,
V P  VQ remains 20 V.
(A) Therefore, using this we can deduce that initially, current through S1 is zero and current through
S 2 is 1 A from right to left.
(B) If S 2 is kept closed for a long time interval, the current through the capacitor again becomes zero
and current only flows through the lower loop. This current can be easily evaluated using KVL to
be 0.5 A.
Case II: Sl and S2 are closed simultaneously.
(C) Initially, the potential difference across the capacitor must be zero since it has no charge on it.
Hence initially, VP  VQ  0 . Using this, we can find that initially, current through S1 is 2 A from
left to right and current through S 2 is 1 A from left to right. Therefore, by using KCL, we can find
that current through the branch containing the capacitor is 3 A from right to left.
(D) If S1 and S 2 are kept closed for a long time interval, a steady state is achieved that is
indistinguishable from the steady state in option (B). Hence, current through the capacitor is
zero and current only flows in the lower loop. This current is again found using KVL to be 0.5 A.
 3 
109.(ABCD)(A) At steady state, potential difference across C1    (30)  18 V
23
 
(B) Charge on C2  (30  18)(3)  36C
(C) Heat = Work done by battery – Potential energy stored in capacitors

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16
  (30)2  540 J
 (36)(30) 
2  5 
(D) Now, when the switch is shifted to position 2, current flows only in the right loop
12
 i   3A
4
V
110.(ABCD) Applying KVL in the loop at t  0 , V  i0R  0  i0 
R
After time t, let the charge on the two capacitors be q1 and q 2 respectively and let the current in the
q1 q
circuit be i. Then, applying KVL in the loop,  2  iR  0
C1 C2
The current will flow out of the positively charged plate of C1 and into the positively charged plate of C 2
dq dq
Therefore, i  1 and i  2
dt dt
Taking time derivative on both sides in the KVL equation, we get
1 dq1 1 dq 2 di i i di
 R 0   R 0
C1 dt C2 dt dt C1 C2 dt
t
1  C1  C2  t i di V   CC 
e  where   R  1 2 
   dt  
R  C1C2  0 i0 i   i (t ) 
R C C 
 1 2
t
dq1 dq1 V 
Now since i   ,  e 
dt dt R
t  t 
q1 V t  V    
e  dt 

C V dq1   R 0
1
 q1  C1V    (  )  e
R
  
 1

 
 t   t 
 CC      C V   
q1  C1V   1 2 V e   1  q1   1   C  C2e  

C C    C  C  1 
 1 2  1 2
   
 C2 
After a long time, i.e. as t   , q1   1 V
C C 
 1 2 
Alternatively:
After a long time, when the current through the circuit has become zero, the potential difference across
the two capacitors is equal (since KVL must be satisfied).
q1 q2
So,  Also, conserving charge q1  q 2  C1V
C1 C2
 C2 
Solving, we get q1   1 V 111.(D)
C C 
 1 2
112.(C) For t  0 to t 0  RC seconds, the circuit is of charging type. The charging equation for this time is

q  CE 1  e t / RC 
 1
Therefore the charge on capacitor at time t 0  RC is q0  CE 1  
 e
For t  RC to t  2RC seconds, the circuit is of discharging type.
The charge and current equation for this time is

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(t t 0 ) (t t 0 )
RC q0  RC
q  q0 e eand i 
RC
Hence, charge at t  2 RC and current at t  1.5 RC
(.5RC  RC )
(2RC  RC ) q0 1  1 q  q0 E  1
Is q  q 0  RC   CE 1   and i  0 e RC   1  
e e  e RC eRC eR  e
respectively.
Since the capacitor gets more charged up from t  2RC to t  3RC than in the interval t = 0 to t  RC,
the graph representing the charge variation is as shown in figure.
113. (A -P,Q,S); (B-P,R,S) ; (C - P,Q) ; (D - P, R)
(A) For potential difference across each cell to be same
E1  E 2  E1  E 2 
E1  ir  E 2  ir or i   
2r  2r  R 
Hence potential difference across both cells cannot be same. Cell of lower emf gets charged. For
potential difference across cell of lower emf to be zero, E 2  ir  0 , which is not possible. Current
in the circuit cannot be zero ;  E1  E 2 .
(B) For potential difference across each cell to be same
E1  ir  E2  ir
Which is not possible
No cell is getting charged. For potential difference across cell of lower emf to be zero
E1 E
E 2  ir  0 and E1  i r  R   0 or  2
r R r
Which is possible  E1  E 2 . ; Current in the circuit cannot be zero.
E1  E2
(C) Situation is same as (a) except current decreases from to zero.
2r  R
E  E2
(D) Situation is same as in (b) except current decreases from 1 to zero
2r  R
114.(26) Let the capacitances be C1 and C2 & let the initial potential difference be V1 and V2 . Note that
V  V1
here, V2  V1 and C2V2  C1V1 . Let the resistance be R. ; Then, I0  2
R
Now, since the potential difference across the capacitor C2 is initially higher than the potential difference
across the capacitor C1 ( i.e. V2  V1 ) , charge will flow out of the positive plate of C2 and into the positive
plate of C1 . Hence, at a general instant of time, we can take the charge on the capacitors as (C2V2  x )
and (C1V1  x ) , where x  0 . So, current in the circuit at this instant of time,
C2V2  x   C1V1  x 
C2 C1 I V2  V1
I  ; Putting I  0 and solving, we get ; x 
R 2  1 1 
2  
C 
 1 C2 
Replacing the given values, x  12C
So, at this instant, potential difference across the 2F capacitor,
CV x
V1  1 1 
  
2 20  12
 26 V
C1 2
115.(64) At steady state, current through any branch that contains a capacitor becomes zero.
So, these branches can be removed while analyzing the circuit.
1 1
 P.D. across 2F is 8 V  U  CV 2  (2)(8)2 J ;  64  106 J
2 2

Vidyamandir Classes
Archive JEE Main
1
1.(A) Capacitance of spherical conductor  4  0 a ; Therefore, C   1  1.1  10 10 F
9  10 9
2.(B) Aluminium is a metal, so when we insert an aluminium foil, equal and opposite charges appear on its
two surfaces. Since, it is of negligible thickness, it will not affect the capacitance.
Alternate Method :
0 A
From the formula, C 
t
d t 
K
0 A 0 A
Here, K   and t  0 So, C    C0
d 0 d
1 q2 1 (8  10 18 )2
3.(D) W     32 10 32 J
2 C 2 100  10 6
4.(A) Each plate is taking part in the formation of two capacitors except the plates at the ends.
These capacitors are in parallel and n plates form (n – 1)

capacitors.
Thus, equivalent capacitance between A and B = (n –1) C
1
5.(D) E    CV 2 . . . .(i)
2
The energy stored in capacitor is lost in form of heat energy.
 H  ms T . . . .(ii)
1 2msΔT
From equations (i) and (ii), we have ms ΔT    CV 2  V 
2 C
6.(D) On introduction and removal, and again on introduction, the capacity and potential remain same. So, net
1 1
work done by the system in this process, W = U f – Ui  CV 2  CV 2 = 0
2 2
7.(D) Ratio of energy stored in the capacitor and the work done by the battery
1 2 qV 1
 
qV 2
8.(C) As both capacitors are connected in series.
C1C2
 C  . . . . .(i)
C1  C2
K10 A  20 A
where , C1  . . . . .(ii) and C2  . . . . .(iii)
d /3 2d / 3
0 A
; It is given that,  9 pF
d
On substituting equations (ii) and (iii) in equation (i), we get the result C = 40.5 pF.
9.(C) Energy stored in capacitor.

1 q2 1 q02 2t / 
U  (q0e t /  )2  e (where,   CR)
2 C 2C 2C
1 1 
U  U i e 2t /  ; U i  U i e 2t1 /  ;  e 2t1 /   t1  ln 2
2 2 2
Now, q  q0e t / 

Vidyamandir Classes
1 t1 1
q0  q 0e t /2  ; t 2   ln 4  2 ln 2  
4 t2 4
1
10.(D) If Ce is the effective capacitance, then Vc  V0
2
q q0

Ce 2Ce
 t   t 
    q
RCe RC  0
As q  q0 1  e   q0 1  e e  t  RCe ln 2
    2
   
 
For parallel grouping
Ce  2C  t 2  2 RC ln 2
For series groping.
C
Ce 
2
RC t2 
 t1  ln 2  
2 t1 4
 t 2  2.5 s
11.(B) Neon bulb is filled with gas, so its resistance is infinite, hence no current flows through it.
Now, V  E (1  e t / RC )
2
 120  200 (1  e t / RC )  e t / RC 
5
t
 t  RC ln 2.5  R 
C ln 2.5
t
  2.7  10 6 
2.303 C log 2.5
12.(B) For potential to be made zero after
connection, the charge of both
capacitors are equal
 q1  q2
 C1V1  C 2V2
 120C1  200C 2  3C1  5C 2

13.(A) Electric field inside dielectric E =  3  10 4
K 0
   2.2  8.58  3  10 4  10 12  6.6  8.85  10 8  5.841  10 7  6  10 7 C / m 2

14.(C) Assume negative terminal of the battery as grounded (0 V).
Suppose, potential of point x is V.
From the circuit diagram, we can write
QC  Q1  Q2
or C( E  V )  1  V  2  V or V [C  3]  CE
CE
or V 
3C
2 CE 2E
 Q2  C2 (V )  
3C 1  3/C

Vidyamandir Classes
As C1 varied from 1 F to 3 F, charge increases with decreasing slope.

Note : As C  , Q2  2 E  constant
15.(C) Resultant circuit,
As, charge on 3 F = 3 F  8V  24 C  Charge on 4F  Charge on 12 F  24 F
Charge on 3 F  3 F  2V  6 C ; Charge on 9 F  9 F  2V  18 C
Charge on 4F  charge on 9F  (24  18)C  42C
9  103  42  10 6
 Electric field at a point distant 30 m   420 N/C
30  30
16.(C) As each capacitors cannot withstand more than 300 V, so there should be four capacitors in each row
became in this condition 1 kV i.e., 1000 V will be divided by 4 (i.e., 250 not more than 300 V).
1
Now, equivalent capacitance of one row   1 F  0.25 F [ in series combination, Ceq  c / n ]
4
Now, we need equivalent of 2 F, so let we need n such rows
2
 n  0.25  2 F [ in series combination, Ceq  nc ] 8 ; n 
0.25
 Total number of capacitors = number of rows × number of capacitors in each row
 8  4  32
17.(B) In steady state, no current flows through the capacitor. So, resistance r1 becomes ineffective. So, the
current in circuit,
E Er2
I   Potential drop across capacitor = Potential drop across r2  Ir2 
r  r2 (Total Resistance ) r  r2
r2
 Stored charge of capacitor, Q  CV  CE
r  r2
18.(A) Magnitude of induced charge is given by
5 
Q '  ( K  1)CV0    1  90  10 12  20  1.2  10 9C  Q '  1.2 nC
3 
K1 0 L .L / 2
19.(None) C1   K1 0 L2 ; C2  K 2 0 L2 ; C3  K 3 0 L2 C 4  K 4 0 L2
d /2
C1C2 are in series ; C3C 4 are in series
C1C2 C3C4 K1K 2 K 3K 4 K eq 0 L2 K1K 2 K 3K 4

Ceq     ; Ceq. So K eq  
C1  C2 C 4  C3 K1  K 2 K3  K 4 d K1  K 2 K3  K4
20.(C)
For vacuum, k1  1
For dielectric, k 2  k

Vidyamandir Classes
Consider two elemental slabs (one in vacuum and other in dielectric) having capacitances dC1 & dC2 .dC1
and dC 2 are in series.
1 1 1 y dy
    ; dC  Capacitance of composite elemental slabs.
dC dC1 dC2 0 k1adx 0 k 2adx
1 k 2 y  (d  y )k1 ky  d  y
  
dC 0 k1k 2adx 0 kadx
dx
All such dC’s are in parallel. 

Total capacitance, C  dC 0 ka
 ky  d  y … (i)
dy d a
Now,
x

a
 x  dy  d … (ii) ; From equation (i) & (ii)
d
a  dy  ka2 ln[( k  1) y  d]d  ka 2 ln k
 0 0
C  0
C 0 ka  

 d  ( k  1) y  d d ( k  1)
;
d ( k  1)
i.e. option (C)
0
 1 1  5.5  c 2E 2
21.(C) U  Q 2     508  10 12 J ; W  U  508  10 12 J  508 pJ
 2kc 2c  6.5  2c
A
0 A 0 A 0 A 0 12 A 0
22.(C) C  10  3  12   14   36  
d 3 d 3 d 3 d d
1 1 1 1 1 5
23.(C) (A)     or Ceq  F
Ceq 2222 2 2 2 4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4
(B)       or Ceq  F
Ceq 22 2 2 2 2 2 11
1 1 4 6
(C)   or Ceq  F (correct answer)
Ceq 222 2 13
1 1 1 1 10
(D)    or Ceq  F .
Ceq 22222 2 2 11
24.(A) By division of charge on capacitors in parallel,
q  18C
25.(A) d  0.1M ; A  1M 2
Q
E  ; Q  EA 0  100  1m 2  8.85  10 12  8.85  10 10C
A 0
26.(A)

Vidyamandir Classes
7
C
3 1, C 
7
f
7 2 11
C
3
27.(B)
dq
Slope  0
dt
I 0 at t = 4 sec
CE 3CE
28.(D) q1  q2  CE  q1   q2 
4 4
q1 q2

C 3C
CE 2
Initial energy 
2
q2
q2 C 2E 2 9C 2E 2 4CE 2 CE 2 CE 2 3CE 2
Final energy  1  2    ; H  U   
2C 2  3C 32 32  3 32 2 8 8
500 k 0 A Cd 15  10 12  5  10 4
29.(C) E max d  V max ; d  5  10 4 m ; C   k    8.5
106 d 0 A 8.86  10 12  10 4
30.(D)

Q 1C
Pot. Diff    1V
C 1F
12  4 72
31.(A) Req  6   9  i main   8 amp.
12  4 9
4
 i10    8  2 amp.  Q  CV  10  10 6  (10  2)  200 C
12  4
Q2 Q2
32.(B) W  | U |   3.75  10 6 J
2C1 2C2
33.(A) Q  CeqV Q = Equivalent
Q  ( n  1)CV
After intersection dielectric equivalent Ceq

Vidyamandir Classes
Ceq
  KC  nC ; Ceq
  C(n  K )
 n  1)CV  n 1 
Conservation of charge V   V
n ( n  K )C  n  K 

34.(B) For series combination
C1C2 80
 Ceq  8 ... (1)
C1  C2 10
For parallel combination
500
C1  C2  Ceq   50 ... (2)
10
Solving (1) & (2)
C1  40F ; C2  10F
35.(D) V A  VB  10V
C2V
In series, potential difference across C1 is
C1  C2
6
 Potential difference across 4F   10  6V
46
 Charge  4  6  24 C
1 1
36.(C) E1  C1V 2, E 2  C2V 2
2 2
1 d/3 d/3 d/3 3 0 A  k1k 2k 3 
   ; C1   
C1 K1 0 A K 2Co A K 3 0 A d  
 k1k 2  k 2k 3  k 3k 4 
A E1 C1 9k1 k 2k 3
C2 
3 0 d
 k1  k 2  k 3  
E2

C2

(k1  k 2  k 3 ) (k1k 2  k 3  k 2  k 3k1 )
2
 qE
2 
37.(A) geff  g  
m 
 

T  2
geff
38.(A)
a  a  a 2 2   a 2 
0 adx  a  a   0 a a 
 0 ln 1    0
c

d  x  


d    d


2 
2d  d 
1 


2d 
0
39.(D) All dc ' s are in series
1 1 1 1
     ....
c dc dc dc
1 1 k 0 A
c

 dc
; dc 
dx

Vidyamandir Classes
d
1 dx 1
c

 (1  x )0 AK

K 0 A 
ln |1  d |
0
d  1
2d 2 1 d  d  K 0 A  d 
 ln|1  d |  d  ;  1   ; c  1  
2 c 
K 0 A   2  d  2 

40.(6) Qnet  1200 pC
After connecting the charge will divide equally as capacitance are same
Q1  Q 2  600 pC
2 2
H 

1 1200  2

1 600   6000 pJ ; H  6 nJ
2 60 2 60
41.(C) C1  C2  10F
 1 
C2  12  4    C1  12 
2 2 
 
C2  4C1
4C1  C1  10F ; C1  2F ; C2  8F
C1C2 28
Equation    1.6 F
C1  C2 28
1
42.(4) ui  C1V02 let C2  C then C1  2C 1 eV  1.6  1019 J
2
1
uf  (C1  C2 )VC2
2
C1V0 2V0
VC  
C1  C2 3
1 1 4V02
u  u i  u f  2CV02  .3C.
2 2 9
1  4  2 1 CV02 5 (220)2
 CV02 2     CV02    10 6 
2  3  3 2 3 2 3
 40  10 3 J  4  10 2 J
So nearest integer = 4
43.(B) Q  50  10C  500C, Q  500 C
Now charged capacitor connected with uncharged capacitor having capacitance ‘C’

Vidyamandir Classes
By conservation of charge.
500  (10  C )V
500  10  20  20C V  20volt 
300  20C
c  15F
44.(8.00)Capacitor is fully charged
i.e. I  0 (through capacitor circuit)
current through battery
10 10
I    3A
Req 10 / 3
So potential difference across capacitor 8V
45.(A) Charge on C1 is 750C
750
 Voltage across is v1   50 volt
15
 Charge on C3 is q3  20  8  160 C
 Charge on C2 is q2  750  160  590 C
46.(B) Q  CV0
1
Ui  CV02
2
q1  q 2  Q 0
q1 q2
 0
C (C / 2)
2Q0 Q 
q1  q2   0 
3  3 
 
(2Q0 / 3)2 (Q0 / 3)2

U2  
2C 2C / 2
Q2  4 2
   
2C  9 9 
Q2 CV02
Uf  
3C 3
1 1 1
U  U f  U i  CV02      CV02
3 2 6
 

Vidyamandir Classes
47.(A) Charge on capacitor

(C), q1  CV
Charge on capacitor 2C
  
q2  2C 2V  4CV
On connecting with opposite polarity,

Net charge : Q  q 2  q1
Q  3CV
Since potential difference across both becomes equal, let it be V0
CV0  2CV0  3CV  V0  V
1 1 3
So final energy : U f  CV02  2CV02 ; Uf  CV 2
2 2 2
48.(C)
Here q3  q1  q 2
5V0  2(6  V0 )  4(6  V0 )
36
V0 
11
180
q3  C  16.36 C
11
1  0 w  2 1  k 0 xw 0 (   x )w  2
49.(A) 2  v     v , here k  4
2  d  2  d d 
l
x  here r  4
3
50.(A)   RC  1000  10  10 9  10s

t  0 to t  5s
V  V0 (1  e t /  )  5(1  e 5/10 )  5(1  0.6) [e 1/2  0.6]

V  2V Q 0  C  2V
t  5ms to t  10s
Q0 e t /c
V   2e 5/10  1.2 V
C
t  10s to t  15s
V  1.2  (5  1.2)(1  e t /  )  1.2  (5  1.2)  0.4  2  1.2  0.48  2.72 V

Vidyamandir Classes
Archive JEE Advanced
C1C2
1.(A) In series, C 
C1  C2
(10)(1) 10
 Cnet   F
10  1 11
2.(B) The diagramatic representation of given problem is shown in figure.

The net charge shared between the two capacitors is,
Q '  Q2  Q1  4CV  CV  3CV
The two capacitors will have the same potential, say V '.
The net capacitance of the parallel combination of the two capacitors will be:
C '  C1  C2  C  2C  3C
The potential difference across the capacitors will be:
Q ' 3 CV
V'  V
C' 3C
The electrostatic energy of the capacitors will be:
1 1 3
U '  C ' V '2  (3C )V 2  CV 2
2 2 2
3.(C) The magnitude of electric field at a distance r from the axis is given as:
 1
E  i .e. E 
2 0r r
Here,  is the charge per unit length of the capacitor.

4.(D) Since, the capacitor plates are directly connected to the battery, it will take no time in charging.
5.(D) When S3 is closed, due to attraction with opposite charge, no flow of charge takes place through S3.
Therefore, potential difference across capacitor plates remains unchanged or V1  30 V and V2  20V.
Alternate Solution
Charges on the capacitors are
q1  (30)(2)  60 pC
and q2  (20)(3)  60 pC
or q1  q2  q (say)
The situation is similar as the two capacitors in series are first charged with a battery of emf 50 V and
then disconnected.
 when S3 is closed, V1  30 V and V2  20 V.

Vidyamandir Classes
Q1 Q2
6.(D) Electric field within the plates E  E Q  E Q ; E  E1  E2  
1 2 2 A 0 2 A 0
Q1  Q2
E   Potential difference between the plates
2 A 0
 Q  Q2  Q  Q 2 Q1  Q2
V A  VB  Ed   1 d  1 
 2 A    Q  2C
 0  2  0 
 d 
0 A
7.(D) Applying C  , we have
t1 t2
d  t1  t 2  
K1 K 2
0 ( A / 2) 0 ( A / 2) K 0 A
 
d /2 d /2 d /2 d /2 d
d  d /2 d /2   d  d /2 d /2  
K1 K3 K2 K3
K1K 3 K 2K 3
Solving this equation, we get ; K  
K1  K 3 K 2  K 3
8.(A) Due to attraction with positive charge, the negative charge on capacitor A will not flow through the
switch S.
t
E  RC E  t
9.(B) Charging current, I  e Taking log both sides, log I  log   
;
R  R  RC
When R is doubled, slope of curve decreases. Also at t  0 , the current will be less. Graph Q represents
it the best. Hence, the correct option is (B).
10.(C) In steady state condition, no current will flow through the capacitor C. current in the outer circuit,
2V  V V
i  
2R  R 3R
Potential difference between A and B
V A  V  V  iR  VB
 V  V
 VB  V A  iR   R 
 3R  3
V
Note : In this problem, charge stored in the capacitor can also be asked, which is equal to q  C with
3
positive charge on B side and negative on A side because VB  V A .
2
1 1  V  V2  1
11.(C) U  decrease in potential energy ;  U i  U f ; 
2  2 
C V12  V22  (2C )  1
 2



4
C(V1  V2 )2
12.(A) Given : VC  3VR  3 V  VC  Here, V is the applied potential.

3 t / c  3 t / c 1
 VC  V or V 1  e  V  e  … (i)
4   4 4
Here, c  CR  10s
Substituting this value of  c in Eq.(i) and solving for t, we get  t  13.86 s
13.(B)   CR ; 1  C1  C2  R1  R2   18s

Vidyamandir Classes
 C C  R R  8 2 8  R R  2
2   1 2   1 2     s ; 3  C1  C2   1 2    6     4 s
C  C  R  R  6 3 9 R R  3
 1 2  1 2  1 2
14.(C) 27 C
d 
15.(A) After time t, thickness of liquid will remain   vt 
3 
 
0 (1)  R  0 A 
Now, time constant as function of time: c  CR   applying C  
 d  d /3  vt  t 
 d   vt    d t  
 3  2  K 
6 0 R

5d  3vt
16.(D) q i  C i V  2V  q (say)
This charge will remain constant after switch is shifted from position 1 to position 2.
1 q2 q2 q2
Ui   
2 Ci 22 4
2 2
1 q q q2 q2
Uf     Energy dissipated  U i  U f 
2 Cf 2  10 20 5
 q  2  q 2
This energy dissipated    is 80% of the initial stored energy  .
 5   4 
   
80  q q
17.(C) Let q be the final charge on 3F capacitor then 
2 3
q  48F
s
0s 2 0
18.(D) C1  ,C  2  20s
d d d
2
s
4 0
C'  2  4 0s
d d
2
s
2 0
and C ''  2  0s
d d
CC ' 4 0s 0s 7 0s C2 7
C2   C ''    
C C' 3 d d 3 d C1 3
19.(AD) When dielectric slab is introduced, capacity gets increased while potential difference remains unchanged.

Vidyamandir Classes
 V  V0 , C  C0 ; Q  CV  Q  Q0
1 V
U  CV 2  U  U0 ; E  but V and d both are unchanged.
2 d
Therefore, E  E 0 ; Therefore, correct options are (A) and (D).
20.(BD) Charging battery is removed. Therefore, q = constant
Distance between the plates is increased. Therefore, C decreases. Now, V  q / C, q is constant and C is
decreasing.
Therefore, V should increase.
1 q2
U  again q is constant and C is decreasing.
2 C
Therefore U should increase.  Correct options are (B) and (D).
21.(BD) The discharging current in the circuit is, i  i 0e t /CR

Here, V is the potential with which capacitor was charged. Since,
C and R for both the capacitors are same, initial discharging
current will be same but non-zero.
 Correct option is (B)
Further, c  CR ; C1  C2 or C1  C
2
or C1 losses its 50% of initial charge sooner than C2 .  Option (D) is also correct.
22.(ACD) Battery is removed. Therefore, charge stored in the plates will remain constant.
 A
Q  CV  0 V or Q  constant
d
Now, dielectric slab is inserted. Therefore, C will increase. New capacity will be,
 KA Q V V' V
C '  KC  0  V'  and new electric field E  
d C' K d K d
Potential energy stored in the capacitor,
2
1  AV 2 1 1  K A  V   AV 2
Initially, U i  CV 2  0 ; Finally, U f  C ' V '2   0     0
2 2d 2  
2 d  K  2Kd
 AV 2  1
Work done on the system will be | U | 0 1    Correct options are (A), (C) and (D).
2d  K
23.(BC) The magnitude and direction of electric field at different points are shown in figure. The direction of the
electric field remains the same. Hence, option (B) is correct. Similarly, electric lines always flow from
higher to lower potential, therefore, electric potential increases continuously as we move from x  0 to
x  3d .

Vidyamandir Classes
Therefore, option (C) is also correct. The variation of electric field (E) and potential (V) with x will be as
follows:
OA|| BC and (Slope)OA  (Slope) AB
Because E 0  d  E2d  3d and E 0  d  Ed  2d
24.(BD) After pressing S1 , charge on upper plate of C1 is 2CV0 . After pressing S2 , this charge equally
distributes in two capacitors. Therefore charge on upper plates of both capacitor will be  CV0 . When S2
is released and S3 is pressed, charge on upper plate of C1 remains unchanged    CV0  but charge on
upper plate of C2 is according to new battery    CV0  .
25.(AD) C  C1  C 2
K 0 A /3 0 2 A /3  K  2  0 A C K 2
C1  and C2   C   
d d 3d C1 K
V
Also, E1  E 2  , where V is potential difference between the plates.
d
26.(ABCD) Just after pressing key, 5  25000i1  0 ; 5  50000 i 2  0
(As charge in both capacitors = 0)
 i1  0.2 mA  i 2  0.1 mA
And VB  25000 i1  V A  VB  V A   5V
After a long time, i1 & i 2  0 (steady state)
q1
 5 0  q1  200C
40
q2
And 5 0  q2  100C
20
q2
VB   VA  VB  V A   5V  (A) is correct.
20
1
For capacitor 1, q1  200 1  e t 1  C ; i1  e t 1 mA
  5
1 t 1
For capacitor 2, q2  100 1  e t 1  C ; i2  e mA
  10
q2
VB   i1  25  V A  VB  V A  5 1  e t   5e t  5 1  2e t 
20    
At t  n 2, VB  V A  5 1  1  0  (B) is correct.
1 1 3 1
At t = 1, i  i1  i 2  e 1  e 1  
5 10 10 e
1 1 3
At t = 0, i  i1  i 2     (C) is correct.
5 10 10
After a long time, i1  i 2  0  (D) is correct.
27.(CD) Just after S1 is closed, capacitors behave as zero resistance wires (as they are initially uncharged).
5
 I  A  25mA  (C) is correct.
100  30  70

Vidyamandir Classes
After S1 is closed for a long time, current will be zero. Assuming total charge circulation to be q in
anticlockwise direction, and applying KVL,
q q q
  5  0  q  40C
10 80 80
40
 Voltage across C1   4 volts  (D) is correct.
10
Also V P  VQ  VC  4 volts  (A) is wrong
1
Now immediately after S2 is also closed, charges remain same.
40 40 40
 VC   4V ; VC 0 ; VC   0.5 V ; VC   0.5 V
1 10 2 3 80 4 80
Applying KVL in two loops,
4  30 x 10  70( x  y )  0  100 x  70 y  6 . . . . (i)
4  0.5  5  30 y  0.5 100 y  70( x  y )  0
200 y  70 x  0 . . . . . (ii) ; Solving (i) and (ii), x  0.0769 A
V0 CV0
28.(D) When voltage is set to , charge supplied by battery 
3 3
2V0 2CV0 CV0 CV0
When voltage is raised to , additional charge supplied    .
3 3 3 3
2CV0 CV0
When voltage is raised to V0 , additional charge supplied  CV0  
3 3
V0  CV0 2V0  CV0   CV0  2 2
Total energy supplied by cell       V0    CV0
3  3  3  3   3  3
1
Final charge on capacitor  CV0 ; Energy stored in capacitor  CV02
2
2 1 1
 Energy dissipated across resistor, E D  CV0  CV0  CV02
2 2
3 2 6
1
29.(C) Energy supplied by cell  V0 CV0   CV02 ; Energy stored in capacitor, EC  CV02
2
1 1
 Energy dissipated across resistor, E D  CV02  CV02  CV02  EC  E D
2 2
30.(0.9) In steady state situation, no current will flow through the capacitor. 2 and 3 are in parallel.
Therefore, their combined resistance will be:
23 6
R   1.2  ; Net current through the battery, i   1.5A
23 1.2  2.8
This current will distribute in inverse ratio of their resistance in 2 and 3 .
i2 3  3 
  or i 2    1.5   0.9 A
i3 2 3  2
31.(0.6) Before opening the switch, potential difference across both the capacitors is V, as they are in parallel.
Hence, energy stored in them is,
1
UA  UB  CV 2  U Total  CV 2  U1 … (i)
2
After opening the switch, potential difference across it is V and its capacity is 3C,
1 3
 U A   3C  V 2  CV 2
2 2
In case of capacitor B, charge stored in it is q  CV and its capacity is also 3C.
q2 CV 2 3CV 2 CV 2 10 5CV 2
Therefore, U B    U Total    CV 2  Uf … (ii)
2  3C  6 2 6 6 3

Vidyamandir Classes
Ui 3
From Eqs. (i) and (ii) , we get 
Uf 5
32.(288) Using Kirchhoff’s first law at junctions a and b, we have found the current in other wires of the circuit,
on which currents were not shown.
Now, to calculate the energy stored in the capacitor we will
have to first find the potential difference Vab across it.
Va  3  5  3  1  3  2  Vb
 Va  Vb  Vab  12V
1 2  1 4  10 6 122 J  0.288 mJ  288 J

 U 
2
CVab
2   
33.(i) 1.5 (ii) 14.4
In steady state, no current will flow through R1  6 .Potential difference across R 3 or 4 is E1 or 6V .
6
Current through it will be  1.5A from right to left. Because left hand side of this resistance is at
4
higher potential. Now, suppose this 1.5A distributes in i1 and i 2 as shown. Applying Kirchhoff’s second
law in loop dghfed
1
3  3i1  4  1.5  2i1  2  0  i1   A   0.2A
5
To find energy stored in capacitor we will have to find
potential difference across it, or Vad .
Now, Va  2i1  2  Vd or Va  Vd  2i1  2   2.4 V
or Vd  Va  2.4V  Vda
1 1 2
Energy stored in capacitor: U 
2
2
CVda 
2  
5  10 6  2.4   1.44  10 5 J  14.4J
34. (i) 1.21 (ii) 4.84 (iii) 1.1

(i) Capacitor A is a combination of two capacitors C K and CO in parallel. Hence,
K 0 A 0 A 
C A  C K  C0     K  1 0 A
d d d
Here, A  0.02 m 2 . substituting the values, we have
8.85  10 12  0.02 

C A   9  1 , C A  2.0  10 9 F
8.85  10  4
Energy stored in capacitor A, when connected with a 110V battery is:

1 1 2
U A  C AV 2 
2 2  
2  10 9 110  or U A  1.21  10 5 J
(ii) 
Charge stored in the capacitor ; q A  C AV  2.0  10 9 110  q A  2.2  10 7 C 
Now, this charge remains constant even after battery is disconnected. But when the slab is
removed, capacitance of A will get reduced. Let it be C ' A
 2 A 
C 'A  0 

8.85  10 12  0.04  
, C ' A  0.4  10 9 F ; Energy stored in this case would be
d 8.85  10 4
2
U 'A 
1 q A 
2
1 
2.2  10 7  ,U ' 5
 A  6.05  10 J UA
2 C 'A

2 0.4  10 9

Vidyamandir Classes
Therefore, work done to remove the slab would be :

W  U ' A  U A   6.05  1.21  105 J or W  4.84  10 5 J
K 0 A 9  8.85  1012  0.02

(iii) Capacity of B when filled with dielectric is ; CB  
d
8.85  10 4
C B  1.8  10 9 F ; These two capacitors are in parallel, therefore, net capacitance of the system is
C  C ' A  C B   0.4  1.8   10 9 F or C  2.2  10 9 F ;Change stored in the system is q  q A  2.2  10 7 C

2
Therefore, energy stored, U 

1 q2
; U U 
1 
2.2  10 7  or U  1.1  10 5 J
2 C

2 2.2  10 9

35.(4.43) Let a be the side of the square plate.
As shown in figure, C1 and C2 are in parallel. Therefore total
Capacity of capacitors in the position shown is
C  C1  C2
 a a  x  K 0ax  aV
C  0   q  CV  0 a  x  Kx 
d d d
As plates are lowered in the oil, C increases and charge stored will increase.
dq 0aV
Therefore, i 
dt

d
 K  1 . dx
dt
Substituting the values 0  8.85  10 12 C2 / N-m 2

dx
a  1m,V  500 volt, d  0.01m, K  11 and  speed of plate  0.001 m/s
dt
We get current, i 
8.85  10  150011  10.001 ;
12
i  4.43  10 9 A
 0.01
36.(0.198) The problem is basically of discharging of CR circuit, because the plates of the capacitor, there is
capacitor as well as resistance.
d  1  K 0 A
R  R   and C 
A  A d
K 0
Time constant, c  CR  Substituting the values, we have

5  8.86  10 12
c   5.98s
7.4  10 12
Charge at any time decreases exponentially as
t / e
q  q0e ; Here, q0  8.85  10 6 C (charge at time t  0 )
Therefore, discharging (leakage) current at time t will be given by:
 dq  q0 t / c
i    e
 dt  c
Current at t  12s is i 
8.85 10  e
12/5.98
6
 0.198  106 A  0.198 A ; i  0.198 A
5.98
37. (i) 2 (ii) 2
Let at any time t, charge on capacitor C be Q and currents are as shown. Since, charge Q will increase
with time t.

Vidyamandir Classes
Therefore,
(i) Applying Kirchhoff’s second law in loop MNABM
V  i  i1  R  iR or V  2iR  i1R …(i)
Similarly, applying Kirshhoff’s second law in loop MNSTM, we have
Q
V  i1R   iR …(ii)
C
Eliminating i from Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
2Q 2Q
V  3i1R  or 3i1R  V 
C C
1  2Q  dQ 1  2Q 
or i1  V   or  V  
3R  C  dt 3R  C 
dQ dt Q dQ t dt
or
V 
2Q

3R
or
 0
V
2Q

0 3R
C C
CV
This equation gives Q 
2 
1  e 2t /3 RC 
dQ V 2t /3 RC
(ii) i1   e
dt 3R
V
V  i1R V  e 2t /3 RC
From Eq.(i) i   3  current through AB
2R 2R
V
V  e 2t /3 RC
3 V 2t /3 RC V V 2t /3 RC V
i 2  i  i1   e ; i2   e ; i2  as t  
2R 3R 2R 6R 2R
38.(2) 4  10 (1  e t / 4 )
 t  2 sec
 AV
Here, q  0
d
39.(1.5)
Initial circuit:
Initial charge on C3  CVo  8C
Final circuit:
By conservation of charge:
 q1  q 2  8C  q2  8C  Q1  8C  5C  3C
Also by KVL ,
q2 q q 3 1  5 3
 2  1    1   r   1.5
r C C C C  r  C
 2
40.(1) For very large N,  is very small. Let it be dx
d N
m
d
x  m  
N x
Capacitance of elemental capacitor:
K  A  x  A
dC  m 0  K 1   0
  d  dx
Such capacitors are connected in series

Vidyamandir Classes
d
1 1 d dx d K 0 A
n 2

C

 dC  K 0 A d  x
 
K 0 A
 C 
dn 2
  1
0
41.(25, 75) Two capacitors of 3 F each and two capacitors of 1 F each, are in parallel.
Therefore, simplified circuit can be as shown.
In steady state no current will follow in the circuit and capacitors are fully
charged. Points A, B and C in original circuit are shown in the simplified
circuit.
Between points A and C, 6 F and 2 F are in series. 100 V is applied across
this series combination. In series, potential drops in inverse ratio of capacity.
 2   6 
 V AB  V6F     100  25V ; VBC  V2F     100  75V
 6  2  6 2
 AV 2 0 AV
42. ( 0 , )
d d
In the circuit shown in figure, there is a capacitor between plates 1 and 2, the capacity of which is :
 A
C1  0 and potential difference between its plates is V. Therefore, charge stored in it is,
d
 AV
q  C1V  0 . Since, plate 1 is connected with positive terminal, hence this charge q will be positive.
d
Plate 4 is making two capacitors, one with 3 and other with 5. Hence, charge on it will be
20 AV
2q or . Charge on it is negative, because this is connected with negative plate. Charges on
d
both sides of the plates are shown below.
 3 
43.  V
 K  2
Total charge will remain unchanged. Hence, Q  Q ' or 3CV  ( KC  2C )V '
 3 
 V' V
 K 2
CK1K 2 K2
44.( ln )
K2  K1 K1
Let length and breadth of the capacitor be l and b respectively and d be the distance between the plates
as shown in figure. Then, consider a strip at a distance x of width dx .
Now, QR  x tan  and PQ  d  x tan 
Where tan   d / l ; Capacitance of PQ

Vidyamandir Classes
K10 bdx  K10 bdx 

C1  
d  x tan  xd
d
1
K10b / dx K10 A dx  K 20b dx 
C1   and C1  capacitance of QR 
d 1  x  d l  x  x tan 
K 20 A  dx   d
C1   tan   
xd  l 
1 1 1
Now, C1 and C2 are in series. Therefore, their resultant capacity C0 will be given by  
C0 C1 C2
Then,
1

1

1

d l  x 

x .d 1

d 1  x
 
x 
 

d K 2 l  x   K1x 
C0 C1 C2 K10 A dx  K 20 A  dx  C0 0 A  dx   K1 K2  0 AK1K 2 dx 
0 AK1K 2 0 AK1K 2
 C0  dx ; C0  dx

D K 2 l  x   K1x  
d K 2l   K1  K 2  x 
Now, the net capacitance of the given parallel plate capacitor is obtained by adding such infinitesimal
capacitors placed parallel from x  0 to x  l
x l l  AK K
i.e. CR 
x  0 C0  0 d K2l 0  K11 2K 2  x  dx
K1K 20 A K2 CK1K 2 K2  A
Finally, we get Cn  ln  ln , where C  0
 K2  K1  d K1 K 2  K1 K1 d
45. (i) 90, 150, 210 (ii) 47.4, 18
(i) Charge on capacitor A, before joining with an uncharged capacitor
q A  CV  (100)(3) C  300 C
Similarly, charge on capacitor B
q B  (180)(20 C  360 C
Let q1,q 2 and q3 be the charge on the three capacitors after joining them as shown in figure.
( q1,q 2 and q3 are in microcoulombs)
From conservation of charge:
Net charge on plates 2 and 3 before joining = net charge after joining
 300  q1  q 2 ...(i)
Similarly, net charge on plates 4 and 5 before joining
= net charge after joining  360   q2  q3
or 360  q2  q3 ...(ii)
Applying Kirchhoff’s second law in closed loop ABCDA
q1 q2 q 3
   0 or 2q1  3q 2  3q3  0 ...(iii)
3 2 2
Solving Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
q1  90 C, q2  210 C and q3  150 C
(ii) (a) Electrostatic energy stored before, completing the circuit
1 1  1 
Ui  (3  10 6 )(1000)2  (2  10 6 )(180)2  U  CV 2   4.74  10 2 J or U i  47.4 mJ
2 2  2 
(b) Electrostatic energy stored after, completing the circuit
1 (90  10 6 )2 1 (210  10 6 ) 1 (150  10 6 )2  1 q2 
Uf    U    1.8  10 2 J or U f  18 mJ
2 (3  10 6 ) 2 (2  10 6 ) 2 (2  10 6 )  2 C 
 

Vidyamandir Classes
CVR 2 R  R2
46.( Q0  ;   1 )
R1  R2 CR1R2
Q0 is the steady charge stored in the capacitor.
Q0  C [PD across capacitor in steady state]
 C [steady state current through R 2 ]  R2 
 V  CV R2
 C  .R2  Q0 
R R  R1  R2
 1 2 
1
 is 1 / 0 or
C R net
Here, R net is equivalent resistance across capacitor after short circuiting the battery. Thus,
R1R2
R net  (as R1 and R2 are in parallel)
R1  R2
1 R  R2
  1
 R1R2  C R1R2
C
 R  R 
 1 2
47.(T) Electric field between the plates of capacitor is almost uniform. Therefore, force on both the protons will
be identical. It hardly matters whether they are placed near positive plate or negative plate.

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Date Planned : __ / __ / __ CBSE PATTERN Duration : 3 Hours

Actual Date of Attempt : __ / __ / __ Level - 0 Maximum Marks : 70

VSA: Very Short Answer Type (1 mark)

SA-I: Short Answer Type - I (2 marks)

CBSE Pattern 120 Level - 0 | Capacitors

SA-II: Short Answer Type - II (3 marks)

CBSE Pattern 121 Level - 0 | Capacitors

LA: Long Answer Type (5 marks)

CBSE Pattern 122 Level - 0 | Capacitors

Actual Date of Attempt : __ / __ / __ Level - 1 Exact Duration :_________

between the plates of the capacitor is close to (in mm): ( 1 pF  1012 F )

2. Capacitance of a spherical capacitor of radius 9 cm is:

(A) 10 3 F (B) 9  10 5 F (C) 10 5 F (D) 10 11F

4 0ab  b  2 0 2 0ab

DTS - 1 123 Level - 1 | Capacitors

in Jm 3  in the capacitor is:

9. A parallel plate capacitor of capacity C0 is charged to a potential V0.

DTS - 1 124 Level - 1 | Capacitors

DTS - 1 125 Level - 1 | Capacitors

Actual Date of Attempt : __ / __ / __ Level - 1 Exact Duration :_________

Topics Covered – Combination of capacitors, Connecting two capacitors

16. What is the effective capacitance between points X and Y?

(A) 24µF (B) 18µF (C) 12µF (D) 6µF

17. Equivalent capacitance between A and B is :

(A) 6C (B) 4C (C) 3C/2 (D) 3C/4

DTS - 2 126 Level - 1 | Capacitors

23. Three capacitors A, B and C are connected in a circuit, as shown

24. Three capacitors are connected as shown in figure. Then, the

(A) 0µC (B) 20/3µC (C) 40/3µC (D) None of these

DTS - 2 127 Level - 1 | Capacitors

Actual Date of Attempt : __ / __ / __ Level - 1 Exact Duration :_________

Topics Covered – Capacitors with dielectrics

DTS - 3 128 Level - 1 | Capacitors

(A) 400 V (B) 450 V (C) 500 V (D) 300 V

DTS - 3 129 Level - 1 | Capacitors

Actual Date of Attempt : __ / __ / __ Level - 1 Exact Duration :_________

Topics Covered – Charging and discharging of capacitors

49. The charge on the capacitor in the figure is:

50. In the adjoining circuit, the capacitor is initially uncharged. The

52. At steady state, the potential difference between points C and D

DTS - 4 130 Level - 1 | Capacitors

PARAGRAPH FOR QUESTIONS 56 - 57

(A) C 2 (B) 1.5 C 2 (C) 2C 2 (D) 2.5 C 2

(A) 4C (B) 8C (C) 10C (D) 16C

DTS - 4 131 Level - 1 | Capacitors

(A) (B) (C) (D)

DTS - 4 132 Level - 1 | Capacitors

Actual Date of Attempt : __ / __ / __ Level - 1 Exact Duration :_________

Topics Covered – Mixed (Numerical questions)

DTS - 5 133 Level - 1 | Capacitors

71. A parallel plate capacitor has two layers of dielectrics as shown in

DTS - 5 134 Level - 1 | Capacitors

Actual Date of Attempt : __ / __ / __ Level - 2 Exact Duration :_________

(A) (B) (C) (D)

(A) remains the same (B) becomes eight times

(C) becomes four times (D) becomes two times

DTS - 6 135 Level - 2| Capacitors

83. As shown in figure, three capacitors C1,C 2, and C 3 are

Date Planned : / / __ CBSE PATTERN Duration : 3 Hours

Actual Date of Attempt : / / __ Level - 0 Maximum Marks : 70

Actual Date of Attempt : / / Level - 1 Exact Duration :_______

Actual Date of Attempt : / / Level - 1 Exact Duration :_______

Actual Date of Attempt : / / Level - 1 Exact Duration :_______

Actual Date of Attempt : / / Level - 1 Exact Duration :_______

Actual Date of Attempt : / / Level - 1 Exact Duration :_______

Actual Date of Attempt : / / Level - 2 Exact Duration :_______

Actual Date of Attempt : / / Level - 2 Exact Duration :_______

Actual Date of Attempt : / / Level - 2 Exact Duration :_______

Actual Date of Attempt : / / Level - 2 Exact Duration :_______