ONE CARD TRAVEL

B.Tech. Final Project Report Submitted

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
Electrical Engineering
By
Saumya Srivastava : 1705620024
Akarsh Awasthi : 1705620004
Sunil Kumar : 1705620030
Utkarsh Yadav : 1705620032

Under the Supervision of

Mr. Pradeep Kumar Verma

(Associate Professor)
Department of Electrical Engineering
Babu Banarasi Das
Northern India Institute of Technology
Affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University
(AKTU Code:056)
Approved by All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)
Sector II, Dr. Akhilesh Das Nagar, Faizabad Road, Lucknow (UP) – India, 226028

August-2021
 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the work presented in this report entitled

“ONE CAED TRAVEL", was carried out by us. We have not submitted
the matter embodied in this report for the award of any other degree or
diploma of any other University or Institute.
We have given due credit to the original authors/sources for all the
words, ideas, diagrams, graphics, computer programs, experiments,
results, that are not our original contribution. We have used quotation
marks to identify verbatim sentences and given credit to the original
authors/sources.
We affirm that no portion of our work is plagiarized, and the
experiments and results reported in the report are not manipulated. In the
event of a complaint of plagiarism and the manipulation of the
experiments and results, we shall be fully responsible and answerable.

Date: 05/08/2021

Signature of Student: Signature of Student:

Name of Student: Akarsh Awasthi Name of Student: Saumya Srivastava
University Roll No.:1705620004 University Roll No.: 1705620024
Branch: EE Branch: EE
Institute: BBDNIIT Institute: BBDNIIT

Signature of Student: Signature of Student:

Name of Student: Sunil Kumar Name of Student: Utkarsh Yadav
University Roll No.: 1705620030 University Roll No.: 1705620032
Branch: EE Branch: EE
Institute: BBDNIIT Institute: BBDNIIT

[i] BBDNIIT
 CERTIFICATE

Certified that Akarsh Awasthi (1705620004), Saumya Srivastava

(1705620024), Sunil Kumar (1705620030), Utkarsh Yadav
(1705620032) have carried out the Project work presented in this report
entitled “One Card Travel” for the B.Tech Final Year in the Academic
Session 2020-201 from Babu Banarasi Das Northern India Institute of
Technology (AKTU Code: 056),Lucknow under my supervision. The
report embodies result of original work and studies carried out by the
students them self and the contents of the Project do not form the basis for
the award of any other degree to the candidate or to anybody else.

Date: 05/08/2021

Project Guide:
Mr. Pradeep Kumar Verma Mr. Rituraj Jalan
(Associate Professor) (Head of Department)
Electrical Engineering Electrical Engineering
Department Department
Signature: Signature:

[ii] BBDNIIT
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It gives us a great sense of pleasure to present the report of the B. Tech

project undertaken during B. Tech final year. We own special debt of
gratitude to Mr. Rituraj Jalan (HoD), Department of Electrical &
Electronics Engineering, Babu Banarasi Das Northern India Institute of
Technology, for his constant and guidance throughout and perseverance
have been of inspiration for us.
We would like to express our gratitude to Dr. V.K. Singh, Director
BBDNIIT, for his invaluable support which gave us encouragement to
complete our work.
We have the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of Mrs.
Pradeep Kumar Verma (Associate Professor) for her full support and
assistant during the development of the project.
We also do not like to miss the opportunity to acknowledge the
contribution of faculty members of the department for their kind assistance
and cooperation during the development of our project. Last but not the
least, we acknowledge our friends for their contribution in the completion
of the project.

[iii] BBDNIIT
 ABSTRACT
Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Bengaluru and other most populated cities

have millions of people as daily commuters. It has a mass transit (trains and

buses), all forms of private transport and auto rickshaws and taxis – that

serve an important role in the transportation system of the city.

Overcrowding in buses, autos, taxis, trains etc. Due to over- crowding, the

commuters travel into jam packed compartments most of them standing. At

times they get into any compartment where ever they can find an inch of

space.

After Corona pandemic, it is very necessary to maintain social

distancing as well as a comfort zone to travel with safety. Payment methods

are also a big problem. Every commuter should full his pocket with changes

of money while travelling. There are wastage of time and efforts in payment

process. Sometimes wrong payment may be occurred from user side or

wrong fare said by driver.

A proper system is required to regulate and monitor all these

activities by a centralized network.

[iv] BBDNIIT
1 TABLE OF CONTENT
TOPIC PAGE NO.

DECLARATION [i]
CERTIFICATE [ii]
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT [iii]
ABSTRACT [iv]
TABLE OF CONTENT [v]-[vii]
LIST OF TABLES [viii]
LIST OF FIGURES [ix]-[x]

CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION [1]-[3]

1.1 Objective [1]

1.2 Project Idea [1]
1.3 Block Diagram of One Card Travel (OCT) [1]
1.3.1 Single-Board Computer [2]
1.3.2 Realtime Location Monitoring Unit [2]
1.3.3 Input Unit [2]
1.3.4 Displaying Unit [2]
1.3.5 Cloud Storage [2]
1.3.6 Graphical User Interface [3]
1.3.7 Power Supply [3]

CHAPTER-2 LITERATURE REVIEW [4]-[9]

2.1 Introduction
[4]
2.2 Internet of Things
[6]
2.3 Technologies [7]
2.4 Internet Protocol (IP) [8]
2.5 Electronic Product Code (EPC) [8]
2

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2.6 Barcode [8]
2.7 Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) [8]
2.8 Near Field Communication (NFC) [9]
2.9 Outcomes [9]
CHAPTER-3 COMPONENTS [10]-[29]
3.1 List of Components [10]
3.2 Raspberry Pi 3 B [10]
3.2.1 Introduction [10]
3.2.2 Hardware [11]
3.2.3 Software [13]
3.2.4 Raspberry Pi Specification [14]
3.2.5 Advantages [14]
3.2.6 Disadvantages [15]
3.2.7 Applications [16]
3.3 RFID Reader Module [16]
3.3.1 Introduction [16]
3.3.2 Pin Descriptions [17]
3.3.3 Advantages [18]
3.3.4 Disadvantages [18]
3.3.5 Applications [18]
3.4 GPS Module [18]
3.4.1 Introduction [18]
3.4.2 Pin Configurations [19]
3.4.3 GPS Module Features [20]
3.4.4 Working [21]
3.4.5 Advantages [22]
3.4.6 Disadvantages [22]
3.4.7 Applications [22]
3.5 RFID Cards/Tags [22]
3.5.1 Introduction [22]
3.5.2 Ranges and Frequency [23]
3.5.3 Working [24]
3.5.4 Advantages [24]
3.5.5 Disadvantages [24]
3.6 4X4 Keypad [25]

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 3.6.1 Introduction [25]
3.6.2 Working [25]
3.6.3 Advantages [26]
3.6.4 Disadvantages [26]
3.7 16X2 LCD Display [26]
3.7.1 Introduction [26]
3.7.2 Specifications [27]
3.7.3 Working Principle of LCD [27]
3.7.4 Advantages [28]
3.7.5 Disadvantages [28]
3.8 DC-DC Buck Converter [28]
3.8.1 Introduction [28]
3.8.2 Advantages [29]
3.8.3 Disadvantages [29]

CHAPTER-4 WORKING [30]-[37]

4.1 Hardware Implementation [30]

4.2 Software Implementation [35]

CHAPTER-5 RESULTS [38]-[41]

5.1 Hardware [38]
5.1.1 At Starting Point [38]
5.1.2 In Middle of Journey [41]
5.1.3 At Destination Point [41]
5.2 Software [43]
CHAPTER-6 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES [46]-[47]
6.1 Advantages [46]
6.2 Disadvantages [46]

CHAPTER-7 CONCLUSION [48]

7.1 Future Scope [48]

REFERENCES [49]
APPENDIX [50]
[vii] BBDNIIT
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLES PAGE NO.

3.1 List of Components [10]

3.2 Raspberry Pi 3 B Specifications [14]

3.3 RFID Reader pin Mapping [17]

3.4 GPS Module Pin Descriptions [19]

3.5 Features of GPS Module [20]

3.6 Specifications of 16X2 LCD Display with I2C Module [27]

4.1 Pin Connections of LCD I2C with Raspberry Pi [31]

4.2 Pin Connections of RFID Reader with Raspberry Pi [32]

4.3 Pin Connections of Keypad with Raspberry Pi [33]

4.4 Pin Connections of GPS Module with Raspberry Pi [34]

4.5 Field and Value [37]

[viii] BBDNIIT
 LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES PAGE NO.
1.1 OCT Block Diagram [1]

3.1 Raspberry Pi 3 B [11]

3.2 Raspberry Pi 3 B Pin Configurations [13]

3.3 RFID Reader Module [16]

3.4 RFID Reader Pin Configurations [18]

3.5 GPS Module [19]

3.6 Connectivity of GPS Module with Satellites [21]

3.7 RFID Card and Tag [23]

3.8 4X4 Keypad (Resistive) [25]

3.9 Electrical Circuit Diagram of 4X4 Restive Keypad [25]

3.10 16X2 LCD Display [26]

3.11 Constructional View of single LCD crystal [27]

3.12 DC-to-DC Buck Converter [28]

4.1 Flow Chart of Project Working [30]

4.2 Connection Diagram of LCD with Raspberry Pi [31]

4.3 Connection Diagram of RFID Reader with [32]

Raspberry Pi
4.4 Connection Diagram of Keypad with Raspberry Pi [32]

4.5 Connection Diagram of GPS Module with [33]

Raspberry Pi
[ix] BBDNIIT
4.6 Connection Diagram of all Components with [34]
Raspberry Pi
4.7 Database Structure of Google Cloud (FireStore) [36]

5.1 Final Image of One Card Travel Device [38]

5.2 Starting of Device [39]

5.3 Boarding First Passenger [39]

5.4 Entering Number of Passengers [40]
5.5 Boarding Second Passenger [41]
5.6 Disembarkment of First Passenger [42]
5.7 Disembarkment of Second Passenger [43]
5.8 Homepage of OCT Mobile App [43]
5.9 Entering Amount for Recharge and Status of [44]
Recharge
5.10 Travelling History [45]
5.11 Check Revenue and Vehicle Movement History [45]

[x] BBDNIIT