Continuity Theorems on

Continuity
LECTURE 4
Nishant Vora
B.Tech - IIT-Patna
7+ years Teaching experience
Mentored 5 lac+ students

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Continuity Theorems on
Continuity
LECTURE 4
 Theorems on continuity

f(x) g(x) f(x) ± g(x) f(x).g(x) or f(x)/g(x)

Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous

Continuous Discontinuous Discontinuous May be Continuous

Discontinuous Discontinuous May be Continuous May be Continuous

Theorems on continuity
Theorems on continuity
Theorems on continuity

f(x) = x & g(x) =

Theorems on continuity

f(x) = is continuous at x = 1

and g(x) = [x] is discontinuous at x =1

but f(x) . g(x) is continuous at x = 1

Intermediate Value Theorem (IVT)

If f is continuous on [a, b] and f(a) ≠ f(b)

then for any value c ∈ (f(a), f(b)), there is at least
one number x0 in (a, b) for which f(x0) = c
Intermediate Value Theorem (IVT)
Application of Intermediate Theorem

If f(x) is continuous in [a, b] and f(a).f(b) < 0

then there exist at least one root of f(x) in (a, b)
Application of Intermediate Theorem

If f(x) is continuous in [a, b] and f(a).f(b) < 0

then there exist at least one root of f(x) in (a, b)
Example Show that the function f(x) = (x - a)2 (x - b)2 + x takes the value

for some value of x0 ∈ [a, b]

Example Suppose that f(x) is continuous in [0, 1] and f(0) = 0, f(1) = 0.
Prove that f(c) = 1 - 2c2 for some c ∊ (0, 1)
Example
Theorem 3 : Extreme Value Theorem

If f is continuous on [a, b]
then f takes on, a least value of m and a greatest
value M on this interval
Theorem 3 : Extreme Value Theorem
 Key Points

1
If a function f is continuous on a closed interval [a, b] then it is
bounded.
 Key Points

2
A continuous function whose domain is some closed interval
must have its range also in closed interval
 Key Points

3
If f is continuous and onto and one-one on [a, b] then f-1(from
the range of f) is also continuous.
 Key Points

4
If f(a) and f(b) possess opposite signs then ヨ at least one root
of the equation f(x) = 0 in the open interval (a, b) provided f is
continuous in [a, b]
Example Let f be a continuous onto function defined on [0, 1] .Show that
there is some c in [0, 1] such that f(c) = 1 - c.
Example Let f be continuous on the interval [0, 1] to R such that f(0) = f(1).
Prove that there exists a point c in such that f(c) =
Example Show that there exist at least one root f(x) in (0,π)
f(x) = cos(x) - x2
Example Show that the equation has a root on the given interval.
2x3 - 6x + 1 = 0 on (1, 2)

(0, 1) (1, 2) (-1, 0) (-2, -1)

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