Chasen? Rizal’s Arrest, Exile, Imprisonment Trial and Execution = Learning Outcomes At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to: analyze the cause of Rizal’s arrest é ¥ appraise Rizal's exile in Dapitan assess Rizal's imprisonment, trial and executionThe arrival of Rizal in Manila on June 26, 1892 had become very sensational among the Filipinos. Because the Spaniards feared his popularity, they paid careful attention to his every move. The houses where he had visited were searched and the Filipinos seen in his company were s spected as collaborators. His plan to put up the La Liga Filipina on July 3, 1892 was realized. The organization of this secret society was held in the house of Doroteo Ongjunco in Tondo Manila, On June 27, 1892, Rizal boarded a train in Tutuban Station in Tondo and visited his friends in Malolos, Bulacan, San Fernando, Pampanga, Tarlac and Bacolor. He was lavishly welcomed and entertained at the homes of his friends, * June 28, 1892 — Rizal returned by train to Manila, The homes he visited were also visited by the Guardia Civil which seized some copies of the Noli and Fili and some “subversive” pamhplets. * June 29, 1892 - After his visits to his friend in Central Luzon, Rizal had his interview with Governor General Despujol at &:30 in the morning and ended at 9:15 in the evening, ‘+ June 30, 1892 — Rizal came back to see again Governor General Despujol and talked about the question of Borneo. The Governor General was opposed to it and told him to come back Sunday ‘+ July 3, 1892 - Rizal and Governor General Despujol discussed many things. Rizal thanked the Governor General for lifting the exile of his sisters. Rizal told Governor Despujol to return on Wednesday, July 6, 1892. On the evening of this date (following his interview with the Governor), Rizal attended a meeting of the patriots on Ylaya Street, Tondo, Manila, at the home of Doroteo Ongjunco * July 6, (Wed), 1892 — Rizal went to Malacanang Palace to resume his series of interviews with the governor-general. During theinterview, Governor-General Despujol suddenly showed him some printed copies of the Pobres Frailes (Poor Friars) which were found in Lucia’s pillow cases. The incriminatory leaflets were under the authorship of P. Jacinto (Rizal's pen name) and printed by the Imprenta de los Amigos del Pais, Manila. These leaflets were a satire, against the rich Dominican friars who enriched themselves contrary to their vow of poverty. Rizal denied owning these leaflets. Despite such denial and insistent demand for investigation according’ to law, he was arrested and escorted to Fort Santiago by Ramon Despujol, nephew and aide of the Governor General. * July 7, 1892 - The Gaceta de Manila published the story of Rizal's arrest Rizal’s arrest caused commotion among Filipinos, especially the newly organized La Liga Filipina. On the same day, Governor Despujol issued a decree deporting Rizal to Dapitan. The decree mentioned the reasons for OB | Bie Lie and Hl of Real deportatior and anti-fr his arrival anti-religio which the s the salvatic (Spain), © July 5July to Dapitan + July 15,189 the steamer Delgras le © July17,189 pam. of Jul the Spai Dapitan for Beginning of E The steame the Jesuit Socie Dapitan Jesiut on the condit his statement his past life, ar Rizal did not Captain Care friends. Capta and was nota go anywhere r on August 26, + Septembe resident 0 ticket that is 9736. Ri 200 to his purchasin; from Dap: Rizal I debate wi letter to Fe bitterness that indive very sensational p they paid careful were searched and prs. was realized. The oteo Ongjunco in Tondo and visited sc and Bacolor. He nds, is he visited were s the Noli and Fili Zon, Rizal had his jerning and ended ral Despujol and as opposed to it Ssed many things, § sisters. Rizal told sth the Governor), Bdo, Manila, at the sume his series of Governor-General he Pobres Frailes The incriminatory 5 pen name) and jese leaflets were a selves contrary to te such denial E he was arrested i and aide of the s of Rizal's arrest ecially the newly Despujol issued a sd the reasons for deportation as follows: (1) the books and articles to Spain, anti- Catholic and anti-friars; (2) a bundle of handbills found in one of his packages after his arrival in Manila entitled Pobres Frailes satirized the Filipinos and anti-religious order; (3) El Filibusterismo was dedicated to the Gomburza which the Spanish authorities considered as traitors; (4) Rizal was pursuing the salvation of the Filipinos through their separation from Mother country pain). + July 5-July 15, 1892 - Rizal was imprisoned at Fort Santiago — before his exile to Dapitan + July 15, 1892 at 12:30 a.m. of july 15, Rizal was brought under heavy guard to the steamer Cebu which was sailing for Dapitan. The steamer under Captain Delgras left Manila at 1:00 a.m. under cover of darkness. ‘+ July 17, 1892~ After two days of sailing, the steamer Cebu reached Dapitan 7:00 p.m, of July 17, Captain Delgras handed Rizal to Captain Ricardo Carcinero, the Spanish Commandant of Dapitan. That same night, Rizal was exiled in Dapitan for a period of four (4) years, from July 17,1892 to July 31,1896. Beginning of Exile in Dapitan The steamer Cebu carried a letter of Father Pablo Pastells, e Jesuit Superior of the Jesuit Society of the Philippines. The letter was given to Father Antonio Obach, Dapitan Jesiut parish priest. It stated that Rizal could live at the parish convent on the conditions that Rizal publicly retract his errors concerning religion, make his statement Pro-Spanish, perform church rites, make a general confession of his past life, and to conduct himself like a Spanish subject and a man of religion. Rizal did not agree to these conditions. Consequently, he lived in the house of Captain Carcinero, Spanish Commandant at Dapitan. They later became good friends. Captain Carcinero believed that Rizal had fine qualities and personality and was nota Filibuster. As a result, the Captain gave Rizal complete freedom to go anywhere reporting only once a week to him. On his part, Rizal wrote a poem on August 26, 1892 on the occasion of the Captain’s birthday ‘+ September 21, 1892 - Rizal, Captain Carcinero and Francisco Equilior (Spanish resident of Dipolog), the neighboring town of Dapitan, jointly owned the ticket that won the second prize of Php 20,000 in a lottery. The ticket no. is 9736. Rizal's share is Php 6,200. He gave his father Php 2,000 and Php 200 to his friend Basa in Hongkong. The rest of the amount was invested in purchasing agricultural lands along the coast of Talisay, one kilometer away from Dapitan. Rizal Debated with Pastells on Religion — Rizal had a long and scholarly debate with Father Pastells (Sept. 1, 1892 to April 1893) on religion. In his letter to Father Pastells Rizal revealed his anti-Catholic ideas because of his bitterness of the Spanish friars who committed certain abuses. Rizal believed that individual judgment is a gift from God and everybody should use it. He Fhe Li ent Ws of Res! 109further stressed that the pursuit of truth may be in different paths and this religion may vary but they all lead to one light. Father Pastell refuted Rizal's attack on Catholic dogmas, but in spite of their religious differences, they remained good friends. Although Rizal did not like Pastells’ interpretation of Catholic dogmas. he continued to be a Catholic by hearing mass at the Dapitan Catholic Church and celebrating Christmas. Rizal Challenged a Frenchman to a Duel ~ While Rizal was still debating with Father Pastells by means of exchanging letters, he became involved in a quarrel with Mr. Juan Larder, a French acquaintance and business man. Mr. Larder purchased many logs from the lands of Rizal but these were logs of poor quality. Angered by the letter to Antonio Miranda, a Dapitan businessman, expressing his disgust over the business deal, Rizal became mad and challenged Mr. Larder to a duel. Mr. Larder was persuaded by the Commandant to apologize rather than accept the challenge. Heeding, the Commander's advice, Larder wrote to Rizal on March 30, 1898 apologizing for the bad comments. Rizal, being a gentleman, accepted the apology. Rizal Could not be Convinced by Father Sanchez ~ Father Francisco Paula Sanchez, Rizal's favorite teacher at Ateneo, was sent by Father Pastells to convince Rizal to return to the Catholic faith. Father Sanchez failed to convince Rizal to discard his unorthodox views on the Catholic religion * August 1893 — His mother and sister Maria arrived in Dapitan and lived with him for 1% year. He likewise operated the right eye of his mother. Few days after the operation, his mother, ignoring Rizal's advice, removed the bandages from her eye causing the wound to be infected. Nevertheless, the wound was treated and the operation was successful. * November 3, 1893 ~ In the early part of November, 1893, Rizal was living peacefully and happily at his house in Talisay, a kilometer away from Dapitan. His mother, sister Narcisa, and Trinidad and some nephews came to see Rizal and decided to live with him. But on this date, a certain “Pablo Mercado” (real name was Florencio Namaan), single, 30 years old from Cagayan de Misamis, pretended as a relative of Rizal. But it was found out later by Captain Juan Sitges (who succeeded Captain Carcinero in May 4, 1893 as Commandant of Dapitan) that he was hired by the Recollect Friars and was paid Php 75.00 and promised him more, to spy on Rizal's activities, and was asked to steal letters and writings which will incriminate him in the revolutionary movement. Rizal’s Life and Works in Dapitan Rizal's exilein Dapitan for4 years and 13 days had been maximized by devoting much of his time in improving his artistic and literary skills, doing agricultural and civie projects, engaging in business activities and writing letters to his friends in Europe, particularly to Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt and Reinhold Rost. NO | Bee Lie ant Hil 9 Careers ane As a ph were under enough for! who gave R 500 pesos, 2 cargo of sug Teodora Al operation w Temoved the Asan en; he construct title of exper his practical engineering. he successful As an edi by 16 young matriculation maintaining | and Spanish, morals and gy to strengthen classroom no teacher sitting Asan agri bearing trees i planted cacao, invested part peso winnings agricultural m modem agricy colony in Sitio suitable for cai Unfortunately, Asa busine tried his luck i in-law, Manuel 1 the provinee requested that idustry in whik product to a forent paths and this fell refuted Rizal's s differences, they interpretation ring mass at the Sas still debating same involved in ed business man. Bi but these were Sanda, a Dapitan Bal, Rizal became persuaded by the ge. Heeding the 1893 apologizing = apology. Father Francisco by Father Pastells Sanchez. failed to Holic religion, fan and lived with mother. Few days awed the bandages = the wound was | Rizal was living peter away from fe nephews came § 2 certain “Pablo D years old from it was found out feinero in May 4, & Recollect Fria Rizal's activities, minate him in the nized by devoting foing agricultural Hers to his friends id Rost. Careers and Acl ements While in Exile in Dapitan As a physician, Rizal provided free medicine to his patients, most of them were underprivileged. However, he also had wealthy patients who paid him well enough for his excellent surgical skill. Among them were Don Ignacio Tumarong who gave Rizal 3000 pesos for restoring his sight, an Englishman who gave him. 500 pesos, and Aklanon haciendero, DonFrancisco Azcarraga, who paid him a cargo of sugar. His skill was put into test in August 1893 when his mother, Doha Teodora Alonzo, was placed under opthalmic surgery for the third time. The operation was a success, however, Alonzo, ignored her son's instructions and removed the bandages in her eyes which lead to irritation and infection. Asan engineer, Rizal applied his knowledge through the waterworks system, he constructed in Dapitan. Going back to his academic life, Rizal obtained the title of expert surveyor (perito agrimensor) from the Ateneo Municipal. From his practical knowledge as agrimensor, he widened his knowledge by reading engineering-related books. Asa result, despite the inadequacy of tools at hand, he successfully provided a good water system in the province. As an educator, Rizal established a school in Dapitan which was attended by 16 young boys from prominent families. Instead of charging them for the matriculation, he made the students do community projects for him like maintaining his garden and field. He taught them reading, writing in English and Spanish, geography, history, mathematics, industrial work, nature study, morals and gymnastics. He encouraged his students to engage in sports activities to strengthen their bodies as well. There was no formal room, like the typical classroom nowadays. Classes were conducted from 2 p.m to 4 p.m. with the teacher sitting on a hammock while the students sat on a long bamboo bench. As an agriculturist, Rizal devoted time in planting important crops and fruit- bearing trees in his 16-hectare land (later, reaching as large as 70 hectares). He planted cacao, coffee, sugarcane, and coconuts, among many others. He even invested part of his earnings from being a medical practitioner and his 6000- peso winnings from a lottery on lands. From the United States, he imported agricultural machinery and introduced to the native farmers of Dapitan the modem agricultural methods. Rizal also visualized of having an agricultural colony in Sitio Ponot, within the Sindafigan Bay. He believed that the area was suitable for catle-raising and for cash-crops as the area had abundant water. Unfortunately, this plan did not materialize. Asa businessman, the adventurous Rizal, with his partner, Ramon Carreon, tried his luck in the fishing, hemp and copra industries. In a letter to his brother- in-law, Manuel T. Hidalgo, he pointed out the potential of the fishing industry in the province (as the area was abundant with fish and good beach). He also requested that two good Calamba fishermen be sent to Dapitan to teach the fisher folks of the new fishing methods, using a big net called pukufan. But the industry in which Rizal became more successful was in hemp, shipping the said product to a foreign firm in Manila Bie Life and Wiel of Real 14i As an inventor, little was known of Rizal. In 1887, during his medical practice in Calamba, he invented a special type of lighter called sulpukan which he sent to Blumentritt as a gift. According to Rizal, the wooden lighter's mechanism was based on the principle of compressed air. Another of his inventions was the wooden brick-maker can manufacture about 6,000 bricks a day. As an artist, he had contributed his talent in the Sisters of Charity who were preparing for the arrival of the image of the Holy Virgin. Rizal was actually the person who modeled the image's right foot and other details. He also conceptualized its curtain, which was oil-painted by a Sister under his instruction. He also made sketches of anything which attracted him in Dapitan. Among his, collections were the three rare fauna species that he discovered (dragon/lizard, frog and beetle) and the fishes he caught. He also sculptured the statuette called “The Mother's Revenge” which represented his dog, Syria, avenging her puppy to a crocodile which killed it. As a linguist, Rizal was interested in the languages used in Dapitan, thus, studied and made comparisons of the Bisayan and Malayan languages existing in the region. In fact, Rizal had knowledge in 22 languages: Tagalog, locano, Bisayan, Subanun, Spanish, Latin, Greek, English, French, German, Arabic, Malayan, Hebrew, Sanskrit, Dutch, Catalan, Italian, Chinese, Japanes, Portuguese, Swedish and Russian. As a scientist, Rizal shared his interest with nature to his students. With his boys, they explored the jungles and searched for specimens which he sent to museums in Europe, particularly in Dressed Museum. In return, scientific books and surgical instruments were delivered to him from the European scientists. He also made a bulk of other researches and studies in the fields of ethnography, archaeology, geology, anthropology and geography. However, Rizal's most significant contribution in the scientific world was his discovery of three species: Draco rizali (flying dragon), Apogonia rizali (small beetle), and Rhacophorus rizali (rare frog), Rizal also partook in civic works in Dapitan. Upon arriving in the province, he noticed its poor condition. He drained the marshes of Dapitan to get rid of malaria- carrying mosquitoes. He also provided lighting system ~ coconut oil lamps posted in dark streets ~ in the province out of what he earned from being a physician. He beautified Dapitan by remodelling the town plaza, with the aid of his Jesuit teacher, Fr. Francisco Sanchez, and created a relief map of Mindanao (footnote: using stones, soil and grass) right in front of the church, M2 | Bie Bye an Hrs of Real Romantic Aff Rizal had in Calamba ar death. Not sox This girl was was “slender, with an atmos From Hon father, Georg opthalmic sur referred the ge as “Loveat Fir and disturbed refused to do: On the oth was willing to own way, whi ‘was pregnan! boy who lived name Francis Katipunan See Prior to Bonifacio, sou at Bitukang M as a represent revolution age Manila on Jui blind compani former's garde this, Rizal outs 1. the Fill 2. the Kat be suffi Valenzuela exiled hero dis Spanish autho:medical practice an which he sent ffer's mechanism entions was the arity who were fal was actually details. He also erhis instruction. pitan. Among his d (dragonjlizard, statuette called mging her puppy Sed in Dapitan, dayan languages guages: Tagalog, French, German, ninese, Japanes, Ricents. With his which he sent to » scientific books ean scientists. He ‘of ethnography, yer, Rizal's most of three species: Rhacophorus rizali & the province, he get rid of malaria- Foil lamps posted eing a physician. é aid of his Jesuit adanao (footnote: Romantic Affair with Josephine Bracken Rizal had always been missing his family and their happy moments together in Calamba and his despair doubled upon the announcement of Leonor Rivera's death. Not soon, to his surprise, an Irish girl enlightened his rather gloomy heart. This girl was the 18-year old Josephine Bracken who, to Wenceslao Retana's words, was “slender, a chestnut blond, with blue eyes, dressed with elegant simplicity, with an atmosphere of light (gaiety).” From Hongkong, she arrived in Dapitan in February, 1895 with his blind foster father, George Taufer, and a Filipina named Manuela Orlac. Rizal's fame as an opthalmic surgeon reached overseas, and one of Rizal's friends, Julio Llorente referred the group to Rizal. Rizal and Bracken instantly fell in love with each other as “Love at First Sight” and in just one month, they agreed to marry which appalled and disturbed Taufer. However, the parish priest of Dapitan, Father Pedro Obach, refused to do so unless they be permitted by the Bishop of Cebu On the other hand, Taufer returned to Hongkong uncured. Because no priest was willing to marry the two, the couple exchanged their vows before God in their own way, which scandalized Fr. Obach. In 1896, their love bear its fruit—Josephine was pregnant. Unfortunately, Bracken gave birth to a one-month premature baby boy who lived only for three hours. The child was buried in Dapitan, bearing the name Francisco, after Rizal's father Katipunan Seeks Rizal's Advice Prior to the outbreak of the revolution, the Katipunan leader, Andres Bonifacio, sought the advise of Jose Rizal, In a secret meeting on May 2, 1896 at Bitukang Manok river in Pasig, the group agreed to send Dr. Pio Valenzuela as a representative to Dapitan who will inform Rizal of their plan to launch a revolution against the Spaniards. On board the steamer Venus, Valenzuala left Manila on June 15, 1892 and in 6 days (June 21, 1896), arrived at Dapitan with a blind companion, Raymundo Mata. Atnight, Rizal and Valenzuela had a talk in the former's garden. There, Valenzuela told him of the Katipunan's plan. Regarding, this, Rizal outspokenly objected Bonifacio's “premature” idea for two reasons: 1._ the Filipinos were still unready for such bloody revolution; and 2. the Katipunan lacked machinery ~ before plotting a revolution, there must be sufficient arms and funds collected. Valenzuela also told Rizal of their plan to rescue him in Dapitan. Again, the exiled hero disagreed because he had no plan of breaking his word of honor to the Spanish authorities. Ble Lie ond Wis of Reel NB* July 30, 1896 - Months before Rizal was contacted on the plan of Katipunan, Rizal offered his medical service in Cuba, which was then in the throes of a revolution and there was an outbreak of yellow fever epidemic. Rizal wrote Governor General Ramon Blanco, Despujol’s successor of his plan and serve as a military doctor in Cuba. It was only in July 30, 1896 that he was given a go-signal to go to Cuba through a letter from Governor General Blanco. Rizal’s Departure from Dapitan (as a prisoner) Rizal's destination is Cuba, as a military doctor. ‘July 31, 1896 - On the midnight of July 31, 1896, he bade goodbye to the Dapitan folks. He was accompanied to the shore by Josephine, Narcisa, Angelica (Narcisa’s daughter), his three nephews, six pupils and some Dapitan residents. he embarked on board the steamer Espatia. Many wept as the steamer sailed away. The town brass band played the dolorous farewell music “Funeral March” of Chopin. As the ship pushed out farther into the sea, Rizal gazed for the last time on Dapitan waving farewell salute to the kind and hospitable people with tears of nostalgic memories. Rizal stayed in Dapitan for 4 years and 13 days. Rizal made some delightful stopovers in Dumaguete, Cebu, Iloilo, Capiz, and Romblon. * August 6, 1896 — The Espafia arrived in Manila on a Thursday morning. he failed to catch the mail ship Isla de Luzon because it had earlier departed midinight of the same day. Governor-General Blanco, on orders, transferred Rizal to the Spanish cruiser Castilla. Captain Enrique gave Rizal a good accommodation because Rizal was told that he was not a prisoner but a guest on board in order to avoid difficulties from friends and enemies. Rizal stayed in the cruiser for about a month (August 6 to September 3, 1896) pending in the availability of a Spain-bound ship. * August 19, 1896 - The Katipunan’s plot to overthrow the Spanish rule means of revolution was discovered by the Fray Mariano Gil, an Augustinian cura of Tondo. * August 26, 1896 - The Cry of Balintawak was raised by Bonifacio and his valiant Katipuneros. ‘+ August 30, 1896 - Bonifacio and Jacinto attacked San Juan (Battles of San Juan). In the afternoon, Governor-General Blanco proclaimed a state of war in the first eight provinces ~ Manila (as a province), Bulacan, Cavite, Batangas, Laguna, Pampanga, Nueva Ejica, and Tarlac Rizal ke newspapet Rizal recei Septembes Panay Septembes Together however, § instruction Rizal » to Spain, of War an telegrams under sury September evening. B visit the fa October 3, o'clock in ¢ He was ke Eulogio De who orders October 6, the infamo cell. At 2:00 of General board the s full of sold on board. October 11 His diary dangerous but no subslan of Katipunan, Hin the throes of a demic. Rizal wrote his plan and serve fal to go to Cuba de goodbye to the Ssephine, Narcisa, pupils and some sha. Many wept as ‘dolorous farewell i for the last time Sable people with ears and 13 days, , Hoilo, Capiz, Ebi Bday morning. he G earlier departed Srders, transferred gave Rizal a good soner but a guest enies. Rizal stayed $1896) pending in ish rule means P: j Augustinian cura Bonifacio and his jen (Battles of San ied a state of war in | Cavite, Batangas, Rizal learned of the eruption and the raging battles in Manila through the newspapers he read while on board the steamer Castilla. On this day also, Rizal received a letter absolving him all blame for raging revolution. September 2, 1896 — At 6:00 p.m., Rizal was transferred to the steamer Isla de Panay which was to sail for Barcelona, Spain. This was his last trip to Spain. Among his fellow passengers on board were Don Pedto Roxas (rich Manila industrialist) and his son Periquin. September 7, 1896 — Rizal arrived in Singapore in the evening of September 7. Together with other passengers, he went sightseeing and shopping, He was, however, placed under arrest by the ship skipper Captain Alimany, upon instruction from Manila government. Rizal was unaware that since his departure from Manila Bay on his way to Spain, Governor-General Blanco was secretly conspiring with the Minister of War and the Colonies for his destruction. The two were exchanging coded telegrams and confidential messages for his arrest. He was secretly being kept under surveillance. September 30, 1896 - The steamer anchored at Malta at about 6:25 in the evening. Being a prisoner, he was confined in his cabin, He was not able to visit the famous island fortress of the Christian crusaders, October 3, 1896 — The steamer Isla de Panay arrived in Barcelona about 10:00 o'clock in the evening. The trip from Manila to Barcelona lasted for 30 days. He was kept under heavy guard in the cabin for three (3) days by General Eulogio Despujol and his men. The General happened to be the same person who ordered his banishment to Dapitan in July 1892. October 6, 1896 — At 3:00 a.m. of October 6, he was awakened and escorted to the infamous prison-fortress MOnjuich. He spent the whole morning inside the cell. At 2:00 p.m. he was taken out of the cell and brought to the headquarters of General Despujol. He was told that he would be shipped back to Manila on board the ship Colon. At 8:00 p.m. Rizal was taken aboard the ship which was full of soldiers, officers, and their families. The ship left Barcelona with Rizal on board. October 11, 1896 — Rizal's diary was taken away before reaching Port Said. His diary was critically scrutinized by the Spanish authorities but nothing dangerous was found in its content, The cabin was also thoroughly searched but no subversive materials were found. he Life ond Ws of Fad 148Rizal was Shipped Back to the Philippines to Undergo Trial + November 2, 1896 ~ Rizal's diary was returned to him. At this time, news reports on Rizal's predicament reached his friends in Europe and Singapore. Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor and Sixto Lopez requested Atty. Fort, an English lawyer in Singapore to institute a writ of habeas corpus to the Supreme Court for the removal of Rizal from the steamer. Unfortunately, Chief Justice Lornel Cox denied the writ on the grounds that the steamer Colon is a warship of a foreign power and was carrying Spanish troops. Under International law, the Singapore authorities has no jurisdiction over the steamer + November 3, 1896 ~ The steamer Colon reached Manila. Meanwhile, the Spanish authorities who wanted to get evidence against Rizal arrested Deodato Arellano, Dr. Pio Valenzuela, Moises Salvador, Jose Dizon, Domingo Franco, Temoteo. Rizal was brought to Fort Santiago where other patriots were incarcerated including his brother Paciano to implicate Rizal. But Paciano refused to sign anything despite being his body broken and his left hand crushe Rizal’s Trial * November 20, 1896 - On this day, a preliminary 5-day investigation began. He appeared before the Judge Advocate Colonel Francisco Olive. Documentary and testimonial evidences were presented against Rizal. The documentary evidences were: 1, Antonio Luna's letter to Mariano Ponce on October 16, 1888 which showed Rizal ‘s connection with the Filipino reform campaign in Spain. 2. Rizal's letter to his family on August 20, 1890in which he stated that the deportations are good for they will encourage the people to hate tyranny 3. Marcelo H. Del Pilar’s letter to Deodato Arellano on January 7, 1889 implicating Rizal in the Propaganda campaign in Spain. 4, A poem “Kundiman” allegedly written by Rizal in September 12, 1891 which mentioned that “in a land of beauty, despot reigns and where the slaves are oppressed in the tyrant’s grips”. 5. Carlos Oliver's letter to an unidentified person on September 18, 1891 describing Rizal as the man to free the Philippines from Spanish oppression. 6. A Masonic document dated February 9, 1892 which honored Rizal for his patriotic services. NG | Be ie and Ts of Re 8. Di 9. AD 13. Tr 14. Tre Ka 15. La The n Constanti Domingo Pio Valenz November transmitte who was | Advocate in court by.7. Dimasalang’s letter (Rizal's pen name) to Tenluz (Juan Zulueta’s name) dated May 24, 1892 which stated that Rizal was preparing, his time, news a safe refuge for Filipinos who may be persecuted by the Spanish é and Singapore authorities, Fort, an English Supreme Court jef justice Lonel isa warship of a 9 mational law, the 8 Dimasalang’s (Rizal) letter to an unidentified committee on June 1, 1892 soliciting the aid of the committee in his “Patriotic work”, Anonymous undated letter to the editor of the Hongkong Telegraph censoring the banishment of Rizal to Dapitan. 10, Idefonso Laurel's letter to Rizal on mentioning that Filipinos look up Meanwhile, the to Rizal as their savior. Rizal arrested Dizon, Domingo 11, Ildefonso Laurel's letter to Rizal dated September 3, 1893 informing an unidentified correspondent of the arrest and banishment of Doroteo Cortes and Ambrosio Salvador. were incarcerated ® refused to sign 12. Marcelo H. Del Pilar’s letter to Don Juan A. Tenluz (Juan Zulueta) Pa dated June 1, 1893 recommending the establishment of a special organization, independent of masonry, to help the cause of the Filipino people. 13. Transcript of speech of Pingkin (Emilio Jacinto) in a reunion of ation began. He Katipunan on July 23, 1893 in which the following cry was uttered we. Documentary “Long Live the Philippines! Long Live Liberty! Long Live Doctor he documentary Rizal’s Unity!” 14. Transcript of speech of Tik-Tik (Jose Turiano Santiago), in the same er 16, 1888 which Katipunan reunion wherein the Katipuneros uttered: Long Live campaign in the Philippines! Long Live the eminent Doctor Rizal! Death to the oppressor of nation!’ prt ch he stated that 1 the people to hate Laong Laan’s (Rizal) poem “Talisay” in which the author made the schoolboys of Dapitan sing. The restimonial evidence included the oral testimonies of Martin a January 7, 1889 Constantino, Aguedo del Rosario, Jose Reyes, Moises Sabado, Jose Dizon, cin Domingo Franco, Deodato Arellano, Ambrosio Salvador, Pedro Laktaw, Dr. Pio Valenzuela, Antonio Salazar, Francisco Quison, and Timoteo Paez. in September 12, despot reigns and * November 26, 1896 - After the preliminary investigation, Colonel Olive 5 transmitted the records of the case to Governor General Ramon Blanco, who was thereupon transmitted to them to Don Nicolas de la Pena, Judge Advocate General. Among Pena’s recommendation for Rizal to be defended in court by an Army officer, not by civilian lawyer. en September 18, Philippines from ‘honored Rizal for Fhe Lie and Ws o Real NT* December, 1896 — Rizal chose his defender from a list of 100 first and second lieutenants in the Spanish Army. He chose Don Luts Taviel de Andrade, 1* lieutenant of the Artillery and brother of Lt. Jose Taviel de Andrade, Rizal's bodyguard in Calamba in 1887. After Alco floor and rea, military. His a the court aske¢ the military eo ‘© December 11, 1896 ~ The information of charges was formally read to Rizal in his prison cell, with his counsel present. Rizal was accused of three (3) crimes: (1) rebellion, (2) sedition (3) illegal association Lt. Col. To the hall cleares for Rizal's sen affirmed the di © December 13 1896 - Ramon Blanco was replaced by Camilo Polavieja, a more ruthless character, a governor general of the Philippines. Dominguez submitted the papers of the Rizal case to Malacafian Palace. December the court ~ ma © December 15, 1896 - Rizal wrote a manifesto to his people appealing to them. December 30, to stop shedding of blood and to achieve liberties by means of education and industry. The Judge Advocate General recommended to the Governor General e Polavieja that the manifesto be suppressed and so Rizal’s manifesto was not ) issued to the people. Rizal Rece priests, Joseph first visitors Ww Father Luis Viz © December 25, 1896 — It was the saddest Christmas for Jose Rizal because this ae was his last Christmas. Rizal wrote a letter to Lt, Taviel de Andrade that his case was a hopeless one. December 29, 6:00 a.m. ~ Rize © December 26, 1896 at 8 a.m. — The court-martial of Rizal was held in Cuartel next day at 7:00 de Espana, a military building. Sealed behind a long table on an elevated dais were the seven members of the military court in their respective uniforms ~ Lt. Col, Jose Togores Arjona (president); Capt. Rizardo Munoz Arias, Capt. Manuel Reguero, Capt. Santiago Izquierdo Osorio; Capt. Braulio Rodriguez Nunez, Capt. Manuel Escribano, and Capt. Fermin Perez Rodriguez. 29 December, 7 by religious im were Fathers M 29 December, Heart statuette Cuartel de Espana is used to be the present site of Pamantasan ng Lungsod the same statue ng Maynila. 29 December, § Present inside the courtroom were Dr. Rizal (accused), Lt. Taviel de Andrade joined Rizal for (defense counsel), Capt. Rafael Dominguez (Judge Advocate), Lt. Enrique de Alcocer (Prosecuting Attorney), Josephine Bracken, some newspaper men, many Spaniards and other spectators 29 December, & head for writin a poet.” Rizal sat on a bench between two soldiers. His arms were tied behind elbow to elbow. He wore a black woolen suit with a white vest and black tie. 29 De ol He was calm and dignified in appearance. ecember, followed by a interview. TRIAL PROPER - The trial was opened by Judge Advocate Dominguez who explained the case against Rizal. After him, Prosecuting Attomey Alcocer delivered a speech summarizing the charges against Rizal and urged the court to give the verdict death. The Spanish spectators applauded noisily. 29 December, 12 and probably v handwriting in The untitled po second stanza, their lives “with 118 | Bie Li and irs of Rielst and second - Andrade, 1* ) crimes Blevieja, a more Seez submitted Bealing to them Beducation and Secor General Bafesto was not because this le that his Seid in Cuartel & clevated dais Sve uniforms ~ Se Arias, Capt. Batio Rodriguez Beu Ben ng Lungsod Briel de Andrade Enrique de pet men, tied behind nd black tie inguez who cer delivered Burt to give the After Alcocer finished his speech, Defense Counsel Taviel de Andrade took the floor and read the eloquent defense of Rizal and admonished the members of the military. His admonition fell on deaf ears. After the defense counsel took his seat, the court asked Rizal to say something. Rizal read a supplement to his defense. But the military court remained indifferent to Rizal's pleading, Et, Col. Togores Arjona, the president considered the trial over and ordered the hall cleared. After a short deliberation, the military court unanimously voted for Rizal's sentence of death. The Judge Advocate General Nicolas de la Pena — affirmed the deatit verdict. December 28 1896 — Governor General Polavieja approved the decision of the court ~ martial and ordered Rizal to be shot at the back by a firing squad on December 30, 1896 at 7:00 in the morning in Bagumbayan Field (Luneta). Rizal Received Visitors - Rizal was busy meeting visitors such as Jesuit Priests, Josephine Bracken, members of his family, and some newspapermen. His first visitors were Father Miguel Sadero Mata (Rector of Ateneo Municipal) and Father Luis Viza, Jesuit teacher. December 29, 1896 6:00 a.m. ~ Rizal was read his verdict by Captain Rafael Dominguez. To be shot the next day at 7:00 a.m. at the Luneta de Bagumbayan (Rizal Park) 29 December, 7:00 AM: Rizal was transferred to the chapel cell which were adorned by religious images to convince him to go back to Catholic fold. His first visitors were Fathers Miguel Sadera Mata and Luis Viza. 29 December, 7:15 AM: After Father Saderra left, Rizal asked Fr. Viza for the Sacred Heart statuette which he carved when he was an Ateneo student. From his pocket the same statue appeared. 29 December, 8:00 AM: Father Viza was relieved by Father Antonio Rosell who joined Rizal for breakfast. Lt, Luis Taviel de Andrade joined them, 29 December, 9:00 AM: Fr. Federico Faura, who once said that Rizal would lose his head for writing Noli Me Tangere, arrived. Rizal told him, “Father, you are indeed a poet.” 29 December, 10:00 AM: Fathers Jose Vilaclara and Estanislao March visited Rizal, followed by a Spanish journalist, Santiago Mataix of El Heraldo Madrid, for ar interview. 29 December, 12:00-3:30 PM: Rizal was alone in his cell. He had lunch, wrote letters and probably wrote his last poem of 14 stanzas which he wrote in his flowing, handwriting in a very small piece of paper. He hid it inside his alcohol stove. The untitled poem was later known as Mi Ultimo Adios (My Last Farewell), In its second stanza, he already praised the revolutionaries in the battlefield in giving their lives “without doubt, without gloom.” Be Lif aed Woks of eal 19First page of the “Mi Ultimo Adios” in Rizal's own handzoriting 29 December, 3:00 PM: According to an account of the agent of the Cuerpo de Vigilancia guarding Rizal's cell, Rizal signed what seems to be the document retracting his anti-Catholic writings and his membership in masonry. This event is a contentious issue among Rizal experts 29 December, 4:00PM: Visit of Rizal's mother, Teodora Alonso. Then Rizal's sister Trinidad entered to get her mother and Rizal whispered to her in English referring to the alcohol stove, “There is something inside.” They were also accompanied by Narcisa, Lucia, Josefa, Maria and son Mauricio Cruz. Leoncio Lopez Rizal, Narcisa’s eleven-year-old son, was not allowed to enter the cell. While leaving for their carriages, an official handed over the alcohol stove to Narcisa. After their visit, Fathers Vilaclara and Estanislao March retumed to the cell followed by Father Rosell 29 December, 6:00 PM: Rizal was visited by the Dean of the Manila Cathedral, Don Silvino Lopez Turion. Father March left Father Vilaclara to be with the two. 29 December, 8:00 PM: Rizal’s last supper where he informed Captain Dominguez that he already forgave those who condemned him. 29 December, 9:30 PM: Rizal was visited by the fiscal of the Royal Audiencia of Manila, Don Gaspar Cestano with whom Rizal offered the best chair of the cell. According to accounts, the fiscal left with “a good impression of Rizal's intelligence and noble character.” The so-called Rizal retraction ‘+ December 29, 1896 at 10:00 p.m. ~ The draft of the retraction sent by the anti- Filipino Archbishop Bernardino Nozaleda (1890-1903) was submitted by Father Balaguer to Rizal for signature but Rizal rejected it at first because it was too long. Another shorter retraction was prepared by Father Pio Pi, Superior of the Jesuit Society in the Philippine, which was acceptable to Rizal. Rizal wrote his own retraction in which he abjured masonry and his religious ideas which were anti-Catholic. The Rizal's retraction is now controversial document. The Rizalist scholars were anti-Mason or anti-Catholic claimed it to be forgery. + December 30,1896 at 3:00 a.m. ~ Rizal heard a mass, confessed his sins and took Holy communion. At5:30 a.m., he took his last breakfast. Also, Josephine Bracken accompanied by Josefa (Rizal's sister) arrived. Before Josephine Bracken left, Rizal gave her a religious book "Imitation of Christ” by Thomas Kempis, which was autographed: “To my dear unhappy wife, Josephine. December 30, 1896.” ‘+ 30 December, 5:00 AM: Teary-eyed Josephine Bracken and Josefa Rizal came. According to the testimony of the agent of the Cuerpo de Vigilancia, Josephine and Rizal were married. Josephine was gifted by Rizal with the classic Thomas 120| a Life wok Woks of Foal 4 Kempis t unhappy wi last time. © 30 Decemty Narcisa by a cell for th his family 2 Rizal’s Executic * 30 Decemb beloved Fat and sacrific Father, goo my very de December 3 * 30 Decemby to begin the advanced g walked calr the other. B cavalcade m of the city» serenely to shore of the Rizal ba Lt. Luis Tay crucifix to k request wa Ruiz Castil to find it no Rizal’s Death 30 Decembe from the guns: facing the firin executors, He f But in two | will sealed the years of Spanis: BF the Cuerpo de Be the document Bry. This eventis then Rizal's sister English referring Bo accompanied Bio Lopez Rizal, E While leaving cisa. After | followed by & Cathedral, Don Bb the two. piain Dominguez gyal Audiencia of {chair of the cell. Beal's intelligence ysent by the anti bmitted by Bst because it was Ro Pi, Superior of Rizal. Rizal wrote Bous ideas which §] document. The fo be forgery. Sed his sins and # Also, Josephine Before Josephine brist” by Thomas ine. December esefa Rizal came. lancia, Josephine e classic Thomas 4 Kempis book Imitations of Christ in which he inscribed, “To my dear andi unhappy wife, Josephine, December 30", 1896, Jose Rizal.” They embraced for the last time. * 30 December, 5:30 AM: Rizal took his last meal. According to stories told to Narcisa by Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade, Rizal threw some eggs in the corner of a cell for the “poor rats,” “Let them have their fiesta too.” Rizal also wrote to his family and to his brother Rizal’s Execution and Death * 30 December, 6:00 AM: Rizal wrote his father, Francisco Mercado “My beloved Father, Pardon me for the pain with which I repay you for sorrows and sacrifices for my education. I did not want nor did I prefer it. Goodbye, Father, goodbye... Jose Rizal.” To his mother, he had only these words, “To my very dear Mother, Sra. Dofia Teodora Alonso 6 o'clock in the morning, December 30, 1896. Jose Rizal.” * 30 December, 1896 at 6:30 AM: A trumpet sounded at Fort Santiago, a signal to begin the death march to Bagumbayan. The four (4) soldiers who acted as advanced guards with bayoneted rifles moved first. A few meters behind, Rizal walked calmly with his defense counsel on one side and two Jesuit priests on the other. Behind them were the soldiers. With the sounds of the drum, the cavalcade marched slowly, passing the narrow Postigo Gate (one of the gates of the city wall), and reached the Malecon (now Bonifacio drive). Rizal walked serenely to Bagumbayan field and was told to stand on a grassy lawn by the shore of the Manila Bay, between two lamp posts. Rizal bade farewell to Fathers March and Villaclara and to his defender Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade. One of the priests blessed him and offered him a crucifix to kiss. Rizal requested that he be shot facing the firing squad but his Tequest was denied because the orders was to shot him in the back. Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo, the Spanish military physician who took his pulse was amazed to find it normal. Rizal's Death 30 December, 7:03 AM: With the captain shouting “Fuego!” Shouts rang out from the guns of eight indio soldiers. Rizal, being a convicted criminal was not facing the firing squad. As he was hit, he resists and turns himself to face his executors. He falls down and dies facing the sky. But in two years after Rizal's death, the victorious Philippine revolutionaries will sealed the fate of the Spanish Empire in the east. Three hundred thirty-three years of Spanish Colonialism ended in 1898 Bie Li and ols Foal 12130 December 1896, afternoon: Narcisa, after a long search, discovered where her brother's body was secretly buried, at the old unused Paco Cemetery. She asked the guards to place a marble plaque designed by Doroteo Ong containing Rizal's initials in reverse— “RPJ.” angco 17 August 1898: Four days after the Mock Battle of Manila when the Americans took over the city, the remains of Rizal were exhumed. They were brought to Narcisa’s house, washed and cleansed and were placed in an ivory urn designed by Romualdo Teodoro de Jesus. The urn stayed there until 1912. 29 December 1912: From Estraude Street in Binondo, Manila, the urn was transferred in a procession headed by the masons and the Knights of Rizal to the marble hall of the Ayuntamiento de Manila, where it stayed overnight with the Knights on guard. 30 December 1912, morning: In a solemn procession, the urn began its last journey to Rizal's final resting place the base of the soon-to-rise national monument to José Rizal 30 December 1913: ‘The Rizal National Monument at the Luneta was inangurated. Its original design name was “Motto Stella” (Guiding Star) and was made by Swiss sculptor Dr. Richard Kissling who earlier also made the National Monument to William Tell, the National Hero of Switzerland. 30 December 2012: The transfer of the remains of Rizal from Binondo to the site of the Rizal Monument was recreated one hundred years later by the Order of the Knights of Rizal and the National Historical Commission of the Philippines in commemoration of Rizal's 116" Martyrdom Anniversary. (Source: hitps:tixiaochua.net/2012/12/25/the-last-days-of-jose-rizal-a-timeline-of-his-last- arrest-incarceration-execution-and-the-journey-of-his-remiains|) M22 | Ele Li and His of Fe i, Name: Date: Words tok Define (Don't 1. exile 2. trial 3. gaceta 4. religior