Machine to Machine Application as KWh Meter

Controlling
Gunawan Wibisono Euis Suryati
Dept of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia Faculty of Computer Engineering, Diploma
Kampus Baru UI Depok, 16424, INDONESIA Institut Pertanian Bogor, INDONESIA
gunawan@eng.ui.ac.id mayhoneys@gmail.com

Abstract—At the moment, PT. PLN (PLN) as national residential customer had not been installed and implemented
electricity company have to visit customer place to disconnect or yet. In order to reduce cost and improve services to customer,
switch off (permanent break) the KWh meter if the customer did PLN have to install smart KWh meter that have capability to
not pay the billing on time. It is important to design of a system break the electricity to the customers if they don’t pay the
that could automatically disconnect electricity that flow to billing one month after deadline. This system can be
customer temporary or/and permanent when the bill is not paid implemented if PT PLN billing system can monitor directly the
by customer while deadline is overdue. In this research, M2M as status customer payment. Recently, the machine to machine
KWh meter controlling system will be designed and evaluated its (M2M) communication system is widely implemented in smart
performance. The proposed system is designed to minimize the
metering system, transportation, logistic, and many
time for breaking and improve PLN services. The proposed
system consists of KWh meter, actuator and sensor,
applications at factory.
communication devices and application. The command to It is important to design of a system that could
actuator to disconnect or switch off (permanent break) is based automatically break both temporary and permanent to
on the billing status of the customer at deadline of payment electricity that flow to customer when the bill is not paid by
period. If the customer didn’t pay the billing until deadline at the customer when deadline is overdue. In this research, M2M as
second month, the electricity will be disconnected to customer KWh meter controlling system will be designed and evaluated
KWh meter, while the KWh meter will be permanent broke its performance. The proposed system is designed to minimize
(switched off) if the customer didn’t pay the billing until the
the time for breaking and improve PLN services. The proposed
deadline of the third months. It is shown from the tested results,
that the proposed KWh meter is working properly. It is also
system consists of KWh meter, actuator and sensor,
shown from the tested results of the KWh meter controlling that communication devices and application. It is shown from the
the response time to device to disconnect or switch off is shorter results that the proposed system is working properly.
than the time response SMS notification that sent to the
customer. II. SYSTEM DESIGN
Keywords—PLN; M2M; KWh meter; disconnect; permanent The proposed M2M application as KWH meter controlling
break consists of KWh meter, actuator and sensor, communication
devices, and billing system application. Fig.1. shows the
proposed KWh meter controlling.
I. INTRODUCTION
978-602-50431-0-9/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE Customers of
the national electrical power company in Indonesia PT. PLN
(Persero) have to pay their electricity usage billing among 1st -
20th day every month. When customers do not pay after the
deadline on 20th each month, they gave penalty that have to be
paid by customers. If the billing and penalty don’t be paid by
customer until 20th next month, PT. PLN will break temporary
electrical at customer residence by sealing the kWh meter. It
was conducted by coming to customers residence and break the
KWh meter kit without any notice. If the billing and penalty
can’t be paid by customer until 3 months, PT PLN breaks
permanently by depriving all customer electrical installations.
In this case, PT PLN have to come manually to customer
residence to break the electrical connection, it takes time,
energy, and cost. Now, even PLN has automatic meter reading
Fig. 1. The proposed KWh meter controlling
(AMR) system, the AMR system is only installed and
implemented at big industry, small and medium industries,

978-602-50431-1-6/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE 425 2017 15th Intl. Conf. QiR: Intl. Symp. Elec. and Com. Eng
 At the PT PLN side, the billing statement is sent to the
industrial customer via SMS to mention deadline and the
amount of electricity usage. If the industrial customer doesn’t
pay the billing at last month of the electrical usage, PT PLN
send warning statement to the customer on the next (second)
month. If in the second month, the industrial customer can’t
pay the billing, PT PLN will break off the electricity via switch
on the contactor at KWh meter with notification, after
receiving SP1. The break off process is done automatically,
which did by sending switch on signal via communication
device to activate the actuator. If the industrial customer can
pay the bill, then PT PLN send switch off to de-activate the
actuator. If until in the third month, the industrial customer
can’t pay the bill, PT PLN will send switch on signal to
activate the actuator without by depriving all customer
electrical installations, after receiving SP2. Fig.2. shows the
flow diagram of KWh meter controlling process.
III. IMPLEMENTATION SYSTEM
Fig. 3 shows fabricated the proposed KWh meter that is
consisted of power supply/adapter, Arduino microcontroller
with Ethernet shield and GSM shield, relay and contactor.
Arduino microcontroller controls all signals that come to and
from actuator in this case using relay. Ethernet shield module is
used for data communication using Wi-Fi module while GSM
shield is used using cellular. Microcontroller will activate relay
switch on to the contactor that connect to the electric motors
and tree-phase systems. If the industrial customer paid the
electricity billing, the PLN will send switch off signal
command to de-activate relay.
Contactor

Adaptor

GSM Shield
SIM900

Relay Arduino
Ethernet
Shield

Fig. 2 The fabricated of the proposed KWH meter controlling

In this research, two type communication links are used,

GSM and Wi-Fi.

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In this case, the time response performance of the proposed
M2M as KWh meter controlling will be tested and evaluated.
In here, two communication modes between PT PLN office to
industrial customer meter are used, via GSM and Wi-Fi
connections. Table 1. shows the testing results of KWh meter
response using Wi-Fi connection. It is shown from Table 1 that
the proposed KWh meter is working well. PT PLN will send
signal “0” to disconnect the connection between relay to
contactor, and signal “1” to connect relay to contactor.

TABLE I. TESTING RESULTS USING WI-FI CONNECTION

No. Signal Device Response Notification
1. 0 Disconnect Deliver
2. 1 Connect -
3. 0 Disconnect Deliver
4. 1 Connect -
5. 0 Disconnect Deliver
Fig. 1 Flow diagram of KWh meter controlling process 6. 0 Disconnect Deliver
7. 1 Connect -
8. 1 Connect -

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 9. 0 Disconnect Deliver response of the proposed KWh meter test using GSM
10. 1 Connect - connection. It is shown from Table 3, that the proposed KWh
meter is working properly.
Table 2. shows the response of the proposed KWh meter
controlling based on deadline billing period. It is shown that
the proposed KWh meter has been worked well.

TABLE II. THE RESPONSE OF KWH METER USING WI-FI BASED ON TABLE III. THE DEVICE RESPONSE OF THE PROPOSED KWH METER
DEADLINE BILLING PERIOD USING GSM CONNECTION

Period Date Device SMS No. Message Device Response

Response Notification 1. On Connect
20 Oct Connect Warning 2. Of Disconnect
20 Nov Disconnect SP – 1 3. On Connect
09 2016
20 Dec Disconnect - 4. Of Disconnect
20 Jan 2017 Disconnect SP – 2 5. On Connect
20 Oct Connect 6. On Connect
20 Nov Connect Warning 7. Of Disconnect
10 2016 20 Dec Disconnect SP – 1 8. On Connect
20 Jan 2017 Disconnect 9. Of Disconnect
20 Feb 2017 Disconnect SP – 2 10. On Connect

While the PT PLN is sending the signal to the KWh meter

The device response and SMS notification results of the
to connect or disconnect, at that same time also sending SMS
proposed KWh meter using GSM connection is as same as
notification to industrial customer about billing status. If
using Wi-Fi connection that showed in Table 2. It can be noted
industrial customer is always paid the billing on time, the SMS
that the proposed KWh meter using GSM connection is
notification shows about the status is OK. When the industrial
working properly.
customer is late to pay more than 1 month over deadline, SMS
notification is warning. If more than 2 months and 3 months, Fig. 5. shows time response of the device and SMS
the industrial customer will receive SP – 1 and SP – 2 notification of the proposed KWh meter using GSM
respectively. SP – 1 is the second remaining to industrial connection. It is shown from Fig 5. that both time responses are
customer to pay the billing, while SP – 2 is last remaining to closed it’s other. It is because the GSM signal is sent through
the industrial customer that the customer electrical installation operator not directly to the KWh meter.
will be switched off. The time response of the device and SMS
notification to customer is shown in Fig. 3.

Fig. 5. Time response of device and SMS notification of the proposed KWh
Fig. 4. Time response of device and SMS notification of the proposed KWh meter using GSM
meter using Wi-Fi
It is shown from Figs. 4 and 5 that the device response of
It is shown from Fig 4. That the time response of SMS
the proposed KWh meter using GSM is longer than that using
notification is longer than that of time response of device. It is
Wi-Fi, it is because the signal from PLN is directly sent to
because the signal on/off for activation or de-activation of relay
KWh meter rather than using GSM that has to send via
is sent directly, while SMS notification is sent from PLN to
operator equipment. While the SMS notification response time
provider, then send to the KWh meter.
of the proposed KWh meter using GSM is as same as using
The proposed KWh meter using GSM connection is tested Wi-Fi connection.
as same as using Wi-Fi connection. In GSM connection, the
signal is sent via SMS message. Table 3. shows the device

427
 V. CONCLUSION
M2M application as KWh meter controlling has been
designed, tested, and evaluated. The proposed system is
designed to minimize the time for breaking and improve PLN
services. The proposed system consists of KWh meter, actuator
and sensor, communication devices and application. The
command to actuator to disconnect or switch off (permanent
break) is based on the billing status of the customer at deadline
of payment period. It is shown from the results that the
proposed KWh meter using both Wi-Fi and GSM connections
is working properly. The device time response of the proposed
KWh meter using GSM is longer than that using Wi-Fi. While
the time response of SMS notification of the proposed KWh
meter using Wi-Fi is as same as using GSM connection.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This research is supported by Hibah Publikasi
Internasional Terindeks untuk Tugas Akhir Mahasiswa (Hibah
PITTA) No. 783/UN2.R3.1/HKP.05.00/2017.
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