LEARNER’S ACTIVITY SHEETS (LAS)

Learning Area Basic Calculus Grade Level 11

KS1 Quarter 4 Week 1

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING 1. Illustrate an antiderivative of a function. (STEM_BC11I-IVa-1)

COMPETENCY(MELC) 2. Compute the general anti-derivative of polynomial & radical
functions. (STEM_BC1I-IVb-1)

OBJECTIVE 1. Illustrate an antiderivative of a function.

2. Compute the general anti-derivative of polynomial & radical
functions.

LEARNING PHASE TIME LEARNING ACTIVITIES

FRAME
INTRODUCTION After going through this learning activity sheet, you are expected to
Panimula illustrate an antiderivative of a function and compute the general anti-
derivative of polynomial & radical functions.

Learning Task #1
Match the functions in Column A with their corresponding derivatives in
Column B.

Column A Column B

1. 𝐹(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 a. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 9𝑥 2 − 3
2. 𝐹(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 b. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2
3. 𝐹 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 c. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 + 2
4. 𝐹 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 + 3 d. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1
5. 𝐹(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 + 1 e. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 1

DEVELOPMENT Learning Task #2

Pagpapaunlad Read each item carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. ∫ 2𝑑𝑥
A. 2 + c B. 2𝑥 + 𝑐 C. 2 𝑥 D. 0

2. ∫ 𝑥 5 𝑑𝑥
𝑥5 𝑥6 𝑥6
A. +𝑐 B. +𝑐 C. 5𝑥 6 + 𝑐 D. +𝑐
5 6 5

1
3. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥4
𝑥3 1 1 1
A. − +𝑐 B. 𝑥 3 + 𝑐 C. − 𝑥 3 + 𝑐 D. − 3𝑥 3 + 𝑐
3

4.∫(6𝑥 5 + 3𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥
A. 𝑥 5 + 3𝑥 + 𝑐 B. 𝑥 6 + 𝑥 3 + 𝑐 C. 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 + 𝑐 D. 6𝑥 6 + 3𝑥 3 + 𝑐

5. ∫ 9√𝑥𝑑𝑥
3 3
A. 6𝑥 2 + 𝑐 B. 9𝑥 2 + 𝑐 C. 9𝑥 3 + 𝑐 D. 6𝑥 3 + 𝑐
LEARNER’S ACTIVITY SHEETS (LAS)
DISCUSSION

Definition. A function F is an antiderivative of the function f on an interval I if

F’ (𝑥) = 𝑓 (𝑥) for every value of x in I.

Theorem 1.1 If a function F is an antiderivative of f the function on an interval

I, then every antiderivative of f on the interval I is of the form
𝑭(𝒙) + 𝑪 where C is an arbitrary constant.

Antidifferentiation is the process of finding the antiderivative of a given

function.
The symbol ∫ is the integral sign that denotes the operation of
antidifferentiation and the function 𝒇 is called the integrand.

If F is an antiderivative of 𝑓, we write ∫ 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = 𝑭(𝒙) + 𝑪

The expression 𝐹(𝑥) + 𝐶 is called the general antiderivative of 𝑓. The constant

C is called the constant of integration.

We will now give examples of antiderivatives of functions.

Example 1. An antiderivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = 12𝑥2 + 6𝑥 is 𝐹(𝑥) = 4𝑥3 + 3𝑥2+ C, where
C ∈ ℝ.
The derivative of 𝐹(𝑥) = 4𝑥3 + 3𝑥2+ C is 𝐹′(𝑥) = 12𝑥2 + 6𝑥 which is
equal to 𝑓(𝑥),
therefore 𝐹′(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)
12𝑥2 + 6𝑥 = 12𝑥2 + 6𝑥

Example 2. Verify that ∫(3𝑥 2 + 5)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 + 𝐶

Let 𝐹(𝑥) = 𝑥3 + 5𝑥 + 𝐶 and 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥2 + C. Since 𝐹′(𝑥) = 3𝑥2 + 5, which is

equal to 𝑓(𝑥),
therefore, ∫(3𝑥 2 + 5)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 + 𝐶

Example 3. An antiderivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = 18𝑥2 + 2𝑥 is 𝐹(𝑥) = 6𝑥3 + 𝑥2 + 𝐶, where C

∈ ℝ.
Here, 𝐹(𝑥) = 6𝑥3 + 𝑥2 + 𝐶. 𝐹′(𝑥) = 18𝑥2 + 2𝑥, which is equal to 𝑓(𝑥),
therefore,
𝐹′(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)
18𝑥 + 2𝑥 = 18𝑥2 + 2𝑥
2

Example 4. Verify that ∫ 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥 = 3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 2

Let 𝐹(𝑥) = 3𝑥2 + 6𝑥 + 2 and 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥3 + 3𝑥2 + 2𝑥 – 1.

Since 𝐹′(𝑥) = 𝑥3 + 3𝑥2 + 2𝑥 + 𝐶, which is equal to 𝑓(𝑥),
therefore,
𝐹′(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 𝐶, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐶 ∈ ℝ = 𝑥3 + 3𝑥2 + 2𝑥 – 1
3 2

Basic Rules on Antidifferentiation

a. Constant Rule: ∫ 𝒂𝒅𝒙 = 𝒂𝒙 + 𝑪 , a is any constant.

Examples: 1. ∫ 12𝑑𝑥 = 12𝑥 + 𝐶
2. ∫ −3𝑑𝑧 = −3𝑧 + 𝐶
 LEARNER’S ACTIVITY SHEETS (LAS)
b. Power Rule: If n is any real number and 𝑛 ≠ −1, then
𝒙𝒏+𝟏
∫ 𝒙𝒏 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒏+𝟏
+𝑪

𝑥 6+1 𝑥7
Examples: 1. ∫ 𝑥 6 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶 = +𝐶
6+1 7

𝑥 −4+1 𝑥 −3 1
2. ∫ 𝑥 −4 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶 = + 𝐶 = − 3𝑥 3 + 𝐶
−4+1 −3

c. Constant Multiple Rule: If 𝑎 is any constant and 𝑓 is a function, then

∫ 𝒂 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = 𝒂 ∫ 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙
3𝑥 8+1 3𝑥 9 𝑥9
Examples: 1. ∫ 3𝑥 8 𝑑𝑥 = 3 ∫ 𝑥 8 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶 = +𝐶 = +𝐶
8+1 9 3
1
1 +1
2𝑥 2
2. ∫ 2√𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫ √𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2 1 +𝐶
+1
2
3 3
2𝑥 2 4𝑥 2 4𝑥 √𝑥
= 3 +𝐶 = +𝐶 = +𝐶
3 3
2

d. Sum and Difference Rule: If f and g are functions defined on the same
interval,
∫ [ 𝑓(𝑥) ± 𝑔(𝑥) ]𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 ± ∫ 𝑔(𝑥)𝑑𝑥.

Examples: 1. ∫(8𝑥 2 + 3𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 8𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 3𝑥𝑑𝑥

8𝑥 2+1 3𝑥 1+1 8𝑥 3 3𝑥 2 𝑥9
= + 𝐶= + 𝐶= +𝐶
2+1 1+1 3 2 3

2. ∫(16𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 16𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
16𝑥 3+1 3𝑥 2+1 16𝑥 4 3𝑥 3
= 3+1 − 2+1 + 𝑥 + 𝐶 = − +𝑥+𝐶
4 3
= 4𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 + 𝐶

ENGAGEMENT Learning Task #3

Pakikipagpalihan A. Determine the general antiderivatives of the following functions:
1. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 7𝑥 6 − 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 2
2. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = −2
3. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 5 − 4𝑥
4. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)
5. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥(𝑥 − 4)

B. Complete the table below:

Original Rewrite Integrate Simplify

Integrand
1
1. ∫ 3 𝑑𝑥
2𝑥

1
2. ∫ 3𝑥 −7 𝑑𝑥

3. ∫ 𝑧(𝑧 4 + 2)𝑑𝑧

1
4. ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
√𝑦

5. ∫ 3√𝑥 𝑑𝑥
 LEARNER’S ACTIVITY SHEETS (LAS)
Learning Task #4
Evaluate the following integrals.
1. ∫ 7𝑑𝑥
1
2. ∫ − 3 𝑑𝑥
3. ∫ 4 3√𝑦𝑑𝑦
1
4. ∫ 𝑥 5 𝑑𝑥
5. ∫(𝑥 5 − 16𝑥 7 )𝑑𝑥
6. ∫(−2𝑥 6 + 𝑥 3 )𝑑𝑥
5
7. ∫ (4 𝑥 9 + 10𝑥 4 − 13) 𝑑𝑥
8. ∫(𝑥 −4 + 3𝑥 3 − 1)𝑑𝑥
9. ∫(3𝑤 − 𝑤)2 𝑑𝑥
10. ∫ √𝑥(𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥

ASSIMILATION Learning Task #5

Paglalapat Illustrate the following rules on integrals:
1. Constant Rule
2. Power Rule
3. Constant Multiple Rule
4. Sum and Difference Rule

Learning Task #6
Read each item carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. ∫ 4𝑑𝑥
A. 4 + C B. 4𝑥 + 𝐶 C. 2𝑥 D. 0

2. ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
𝑥4 𝑥4 𝑥3
A. +𝐶 B. +𝐶 C. 3𝑥 2 + 𝑐 D. +𝑐
4 4 4

1
3. ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
𝑥3 1 1 1
A. − +𝑐 B. 𝑥 3 + 𝑐 C. − 𝑥 2 + 𝑐 D. − 2𝑥 2 + 𝑐
3

4.∫ 3.2𝑡 2.2 𝑑𝑡

A. 𝑡 3.2 + 𝑐 B. 2.2 𝑡 3.2 + 𝑐 C. 𝑡 2.2 + 𝑐 D. 3.2 𝑡 + 𝑐

5. ∫ 12√𝑥𝑑𝑥
3 3
A. 8𝑥 2 + 𝑐 B. 9𝑥 2 + 𝑐 C. 9𝑥 3 + 𝑐 D. 6𝑥 3 + 𝑐

6. ∫(𝑥 − 7) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2 𝑥 𝑥
A. − 7𝑥 + 𝑐 B. 2 − 7𝑥 + 𝑐 C. 2 − 7 + 𝑐 D. 𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 𝑐
2

7. ∫(16𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 1)𝑑𝑥
A. 𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 + 𝑐 C.4𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 3 − 𝑥 + 𝑐
B. 4𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 𝑐 D. 4𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 + 𝑐

8. ∫(3𝑥 −4 − 2𝑥 −3 + 6𝑥)𝑑𝑥
A. −𝑥 −3 + 𝑥 −2 + 3𝑥 2 + 𝐶 C. −𝑥 −3 − 𝑥 −2 + 3𝑥 2 + 𝐶
B. −𝑥 −3 + 𝑥 −2 − 3𝑥 2 + 𝐶 D. 𝑥 −3 + 𝑥 −2 + 3𝑥 2 + 𝐶
 LEARNER’S ACTIVITY SHEETS (LAS)
9. ∫(𝑥 + 2)(2𝑥 − 5)𝑑𝑥
2𝑥 3
A. − 𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 𝐶 C. 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 𝐶
3
2𝑥 3 𝑥2 2𝑥 3 𝑥2
B. + − 10𝑥 + 𝐶 D. − − 10𝑥 + 𝐶
3 2 3 2

3
10. ∫(3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 2 + 6√𝑥)𝑑𝑥
3 5 3
A. 6𝑥 2 + 𝑐 C. 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 2 + 𝐶
5 3 5 3
B. 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 2 + 𝐶 D. 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 2 + 𝐶

Answer Key:

10. B 5. A
9. D 4. A
8. A 3. D
7. D 2. B
6. A 1. B
Learning Task #6
5. A 5. A
4. B 4. B
3. D 3. D
2. B 2. E
1. B 1. C
Learning Task #2 Learning Task #1

References:
Department of Education-Bureau of Learning Resources. 2016. Basic Calculus Teachers
Guide.
Gonzalbo, Emma G., Division of Pasig City. 2020. Basic Calculus for Senior High School
Module