A Paradigm Shift for 21st 

Century Education  
Before 21st Century Education   21st Century Education 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Time – based   Outcome-based 
Focus: memorization of discrete facts  Focus: what students Know, Can Do
and Are Like after all the details are
forgoten.  
Lower order thinking skills in Bloom’s Taxonomy   Higher order thinking skills  
Textbook-driven  Research-driven 
Passive Learning  Active Learning  
Learners work in isolation and confined   Learners work collaboratively with
classmates and others around the
world (glopbal classroom) 
Tearcher-centered: teacher is despenser of knowledge, Student-centered: teacher is
information and attention  facilitator/coach of student learning 
Little to no student freedom  Great deal of student freedom 
“Discipline poblems” – No trust between educators and No”discipline problem”- Students and
students. Little student motivation.  teachers have mutual respect
 relationship as co-learners. High
students motivation 
Fragmented Curriculum  Integrated and interdisciplinary
curriculum 
Grades taken from formal assessment measures entered in Grades are based on students’
the class record for reporting purposes   performance as evidence of learning
outcome  
Assessment is for marking purposes and placed as part of Assessment is important aspect of
lesson plan structure   instruction to gauge learning outcome 
Low expectation. What student receive is what they get   High expectations that students suceed
in learning  to high extent  
Teacher is judge. No one else sees students work. Outputs Self, peer and others serve as
are assessed using sturtured matrix  evaluators of student learning using
wide range of metrics and authentic
assessments 
Curriculum is irrelevant and meaningless to the students  Curriculum is cinnected to students’
interests, experiences, talents and the
real world 
Print is the primary vehicle of learning and assessment   Performances, projects and multiple
forms of media are used for learning
and assessment  
Student diversity is ignored  Curriculum and instruction address
student diversity  
Student just follow orders and instructions while listening to Students are empowered to lead and
teacher’s lecture   initiate while creating solutions and
solving problems 
Literacy in 3R’s   Multiple literacies of the 21st Century
aligned to living and working in a 
globalized new society  
Factory model, based upon the needs of employers for the Global model based upon the needs of
industrial age of the 19th century   a globalized hih-tech society