Researchh Reviseee

i
GRABSUM School Incorporated Masalukot 1 Candelaria, Quezon
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region lV-A CALABARZON
Masalukot-1 Candelaria, Quezon
“RELATIONSHIP OF COVID 19 TO THE PROFIT OF ONLINE BUSINESS IN
MASALUKOT 1 CANDELARIA, QUEZON”
Researchers:
MARY JANE A. CABRERA
SHAINA D. VELASQUEZ
Instructor:
MS. Enernlyn Marasigan
12-ABM A-ALPHA
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Name: Shaina D. Velasquez
Birthdate: November 20, 2002
Birthplace: Masalukot 1
Permanent Address: Masalukot 1 candelaria quezon
Contact Number: 09122895200
Educational Background:
School/University Inclusive Date Honors
GRABSUM School Incorporated 2008 – 2021 With Honor
Academic Affiliations:

iii
Name: Mary Jane A. Cabrera
Birthdate: November 10 2003
Birthplace: Masalukot 1
Permanent Address: Masalukot 1 candelaria quezon
Contact Number: 09503687229
Educational Background:
School/University Inclusive Date Honors
GRABSUM School Incorporated 2008 – 2021 With Honor
Academic Affiliations:

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APPROVAL SHEET
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for Senior High School Department, this
research paper entitled RELATIONSHIP OF COVID-19 TO THE PROFIT OF
ONLINE BUSINESS has been prepared and submitted by SHAINA D.
VELELASQUEZ AND MARY JANE CABRERA. who is recommended for an oral
examination.
MR. ENRIQUE CELEMIN JR.
Research Adviser
Approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the strand Accountancy
Business and Management by the Oral Examination Committee.
MR. ENRIQUE CELEMIN JR MR. CEEJAY B. BUKID

Member Member
MS. JENNIFER D. SOTELO
Chairman
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the strand Accountancy Business
and Management.
MS. JENNIFER D. SOTELO
Date: _____________ Principal, High School Department

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DEDICATION
This study is wholeheartedly dedicated to our beloved parents, Nora, Eligio, Amabel,
Ferdinand, who have been our source of inspiration and gave us strength when we
thought of giving up, who continually provide their moral, spiritual, emotional, and
financial support.
To our brothers, sisters, relatives, mentor, friends, and classmates who shared their
words of advice and encouragement to finish this study.
And lastly, we dedicated this book to Almighty God, thank you for the guidance,
strength, power of mind, protection and skills and for giving us a healthy life. All of
these, we offer to you.
Mary Jane, Shaina

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This research would not have been possible without the guidance and help of
several individuals who in one way or another contributed and extended their valuable
assistance in the preparation and completion of this study. For this reason, the researcher
would like to extend his wholehearted gratitude to the following:
MR. ENRIQUE CELEMIN JR, research adviser, for untiringly giving
assistance, guidance and patience in checking in order to have a comprehensive
manuscript;
MS ANGELICA PLATA, capstone adviser, for asking them to never lose
assumption and lifting our conviction to finish their research;
MR. ENERLYN MARASIGAN, III adviser, for motivating them on this kind of
material;
MS. ENERLYN MARASIGAN, validators, for their time, cooperation and for
guiding them without hesitation;
ABM 12 BATCH 2020-2021, their classmates and friends, who never let them
down in times of trials and for the hardship and memories that they have shared;
CANNAH , CRYSTAL,JANINE, ELISABETH, AND VERONICA for giving
extreme happiness and solid brotherhood towards life;
THOSE wonderful persons whose names do not appear here but who nonetheless
contribute to the success of this study; and

vii
Above all, All- PERVADING GOD, for giving him the wisdom and courage, for
answering his prayers to give him the strength to plod on at times of wanting to give up
and for giving him blessings of life every day.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page……………………………………………………………….…….... i
Biographical Sketch.…………………………………………………….……….ii
Approval Sheet.………………………………………………………………….iii
Dedication………………………………………………...…………….………. iv
Acknowledgement…………………………………………………….….………v
Table of Contents …………………………………………………...……….….vii
List of Tables………………………………………………………….............…ix
List of Figures……………………………………………………………………ix
Abstract.……………………………………………………………….………...x
Chapter I INTRODUCTION.………………………………………………...….xiii
Background of the Study.…….……………………………………….....xiii
Statement of the problem…………. ……………………………......…...xiv
Purpose of the Study.………….……………………………….........xv
Significance of the study.………………….…………………….….……… xvii
Scope and limitation of the study………….…………………………...…. xx
Hypothesis …………………………………………………………….xxi

ix
Definition of terms………………………………………………………. xxii
Chapter II REVIEW OF LITERATURE...………………………………...…....xxiii
Chapter III METHODOLOGY
Nature of the study…………………………………………….………,,,,,xlv
Sampling procedure…………….…………………………… ….....….. xlv
Participants of the study……. ………………………… ……………….…...xlv
Setting …………..………………………………… ….…………….…...xlvii
Instrument of the study……... ……………………………….…………......xlvii
Validity testing and reliability …………………….………………..…...xlvii
Chapter IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS……………….………………. ...lii
Chapter V SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS…...lvii
Summary………………………………………….…………...….........lvii
Findings ……………………………………….…………………….…lvii
Conclusions………………………………….…………………...….....lvii
Recommendations………………………….…………………………..lix
References Cited………………………………….……………………...……...lx
APPENDICES…………………………………………………………………. lxvii

x
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
1 Conceptual Framework…………………………………….. ……….
LIST OF TABLES
No. Title Page
1. Level of Perception Scale....................Ivii
2. For the interpretation and analysis of data.............lviii
3. Frequency's Distribution table according to the Respondents Gender..........lix
4. Frequency's Distribution table according to the Respondents Ages...........lx
5. Frequency's Distribution table according to the Respondents Estimated
Income.........................lxi
6. Weighted Mean Distribution on Income..................lxiii
7. Weighted Mean Distribution on Sales............lxiv
8.Weighted Mean Distribution on Cost.................... lxvi

xi
9. Relationship of Covid-19 to the profit of online business..............lxvii
10. Relationship of Covid-19 to the profit of online business in terms of income to the
Monthly income of online sellers................lxix
11. Relationship of Covid-19 to the profit of online business in terms of sales to the
Monthly income of online sellers.................lxx
12.Relationship of Covid-19 to the profit of online business in terms of cost to the
Monthly income of online sellers...........lxxii
13. Relationship between Covid-19 and profit of online……………lxxiv
Thesis Title: RELATIONSHIP OF COVID-19 TO THE PROFIT OF ONLINE
BUDINESS IN MASALUKOT 1 CANDELARIA QUEZON
Researcher: SHAINA D. VELASQUEZ AND MARY JANE A. CABRERA
Course: ACCOUNTACY BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT
Adviser: MS. ENERLYN MARASIGAN
Keywords:

xii
ABSTRACT
The goal of this study is to determine the relationship of covid-19 to the profit of online
business in Masalukot-1 Candelaria, Quezon. Aside from determining the relationship of
covid-19 to the profit of online business, this study provides insight, knowledge and idea
to contribute to the online sellers for them to take an action if something has a problem
toward to their income, sales, and cost. The researchers, used quantitative method the
number of respondents are thirty(30) online sellers from Masalukot-1 Candelaria, Quezon
who age 15-30 years old and online sell May-November 2020. Using the demographic
profile and scaled questionnaires, researchers collect the valid primary data to get the
result. In findings, the three(3) variables; Income, Sales and Cost garnered an average
weighted mean of 3.28 with the verbal interpretation of “strongly agree”. Additionally,
the relationship of covid-19 to the profit of online business and sellers income between
the three(3) variables garnered an “0.67” computed value of Pearson r with verbal
interpretation of “moderate correlation”. Since, the Pearson r of the three variables of the
relationship of covid-19 to the profit of online business to the sellers income is dropped
between 0.41 to 0.70 thus, the null hypothesis is rejected. Therefore, there is a significant
relationship of covid-19 to the profit of online between the three (3) variables and sellers
income.

xiii
Chapter I
Introduction
This chapter contains the following exhibits: Background of the study, statement of
the problem, purposes of the study, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the
study, Hypotheses and definition of terms.
1.1 Background of the Study
The COVID-19 outbreak is a sharp reminder that pandemics, like other rarely
occurring catastrophes, have happened in the past and will continue to happen in the
future. Even if we cannot prevent dangerous viruses from emerging, we should prepare to
dampen their effects on society. The current outbreak has had severe economic
consequences across the globe, and it does not look like any country will be unaffected.
This not only has consequences for the economy; all of society is affected, which has led
to dramatic changes in how businesses act and consumers behave. This special issue is a
global effort to address some of pandemic-related issues affecting society ( Naveen
Donthu, Anders Gustafsson 2020).
Here in Philippines, Digital 2020 April Statshot report by Hootsuite and We Are
Social revealed that 64% of Filipino internet users are spending more time on social
media, with 23% indicating an increased activity in their online shopping activity (Renz
Homer S. Arreola 2020)
For he first time Filipino entrepreneurs, starting an online business in the Philippines
is the best option to gain experience in managing an enterprise. It does not require much

xiv
capital, and the risks associated with running an internet-based business are manageable.
As with all businesses, there is great potential income, and this directly corresponds with
your productivity.
Meanwhile, private sector businesses have cut back production as well as service
delivery, and have been forced to temporarily lay off employees. The face a lack of
working capital, making it difficult to continue operating. Prolonged containment of
COVID-19 increases the risk of business failure and bankruptcy. In particular micro,
small and medium-sized firms are at great risk due to abrupt supply chain disruption and
tightened financial conditions. The Philippines acted quickly to combat the virus and ease
its impact. It imposed an Enhanced Community Quarantine (ECQ) in the National
Capital Region and other high-risk regions to stop spread of COVID-19.
Technology has already transformed online business has become transactions into an
infinite marketplace where conducting business has become more convenient and
efficient for both vendors and vendees. The COVID-19 pandemic has made this
marketplace a more obvious necessary (Renz Homer S. Arreola 2020

xv
Conceptual Framework
Predictor Variable Criterion Variable
Factors affected by
covid-19
PROFIT OF
 Income
 Cost ONLINE BUSINESS
 Sales
1.2 Statement of the Problem
This study attempts to determine the relationship of COVID-19 to the profit of the
online business in Masalukot-1 Candelaria, Quezon in the year 2020-2021.
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:
A. Gender
B. Age
2. What are the factors affects the profit of online business despite of Covid 19?
3. What is the significant relationship of those factors to the profit of online
business despite the factors:
3.1 Income
3.2 No. of Sales
3.3 Operational Cost

xvi
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The main goal of this study is to determine the relationship of those factors affected
by covid 19 to the profit of online business in Masalukot 1 Candelaria, Quezon. To give
the online sellers a knowledge between the profit of online business and factors affecting by
covid 19. Online selling is very relevant nowadays that's why we conducted this study,
this will help online sellers on how to handle a business in a good way.
1.4 Significance of the Study
This study would most benefit the several notable economic groups in relation with
this study.
 Online sellers: This research would provide them with enterprise
information and insights about how to effectively handle and deal
with market challenges, as well as how their approach will impact
their business.
 Future Sellers: This research will help them if they want to start a online
business.
 Future Researchers- This research may provide other researchers with
meaningful and useful data. More students can be
replicated along this line of concern to further determine
the relationship of COVID -19 to online business.

xvii
1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study
This study is concerned to determine the relationship of COVID-19 to the profit of
online business in Masalukot-1 Candelaria Quezon. The sellers who have online business
and presently selling a product in months of May-November 2020. A estimated total 40
numbers of respondents in relation to their age to 15-30, both male ad female are
gathered to the subject of the study. The researchers prefer Masalukot-1 Candelaria,
Quezon sellers because it is very easy for the researchers to communicate with them and
almost all of their media friends are from Masalukot-1 and it takes less transportation.
1.6 Hypothesis
Alternative Hypothesis
There is a significant relation of covid 19 to the profit of online business in
Masalukot 1 Candelaria, Quezon.
Null Hypotheisis
There is no significant relationship of covid 19 to the profit of online business in
Masalukot 1 Candelaria, Quezon.
1.7 Definition of Terms
Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)- It is a disease that continued spread worldwide this
year 2020.
Online Business- This is the market setting of consumer using internet for the
transaction of the product/ services.

xviii
.Profit - it refers to the monthly earnings of online sellers.
Technology- this is the device and application that the sellers use to sell their product.
Operational Cost- This is the investment of online sellers in their online business.
Sales- It refers to the number of the product they sell.
Gender- It pertains to whether the respondents are female or male.

xix
CHAPTER II
REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter is all about the related literature, as well as related studies that is related to
the present research.
RELATED LITERATURE
The extension of the technology that integrates the electronic media in the
buying and the selling process is known as the Ecommerce. Elton (2012) mentioned that
the ecommerce website has deflated the dissimilarity of the world.
According to Brigita Go (2012), running an online business is much better than
opening a store. Selling online is indeed one of the great ways to make profits online. In
fact, it is also a great way to widen your target market and grow your business fast as
well.
Carolyn Anderson (2012) stated that “by putting your business online, you are also
widening your reach worldwide”. It is important to check out sone online selling tips that
may help make selling successful.
As more and more business take the ecommerce journey to charm customers, it is
enhancing more and more necessary to build effective ecommerce marketing ideas.
According to Sunny (2012) the primary reasons for marketing your ecommerce business
online is to remain fasten.

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Ian Ross Hollander (2012) stated that there are three online marketing trends every
successful entrepreneur must adopt: communities are critical, dynamic browsing
environments and control what you create.
According to Harris (2012) the online medium offers a big platform to promote your
business as compared to other medium available. Your products and services will reach
to a large number of potential buyers only if you choose the right marketing medium for
your business
Importantly, customers indicated that, relative to offline buying, shopping online
resulted in a greatly improved sense of independence and power. Although shoppers were
more likely to characterize offline shopping in experiential terms than online shopping,
experiential reasons were clearly emerging for online shopping. Also, while one
significant e-commerce aim was to close sales on websites, corporations could not lose
sight of the continued value and strength of their website as a vehicle for information and
contact. (Wolfinbarger & Gilly 2001)
Over the years, online shopping has increased in popularity, primarily because
individuals find it easy and quick to bargain from the convenience of their home or
workplace. One of the most appealing things regarding online shopping, particularly
during a holiday season, is the need to stand in long lines or hunt for a specific item from
store to store. (RekhaVerma,2014) (Daud, 2014).

xxi
Other than simply building an Online footprint or conducting e-commerce
transactions, e-business includes redefining existing business models and redefining old
business models. Company value maximization (Kalakota and Robinson, 1999).
In order to promote the implementation of related functions such as marketing
management, strategy leverage, information systems, logistic management, customer
relationship management, and human resources management, e-business is characterized
as the application of knowledge and communication technology (Simpson and Docherty,
2004).
Business associations debated the internet's role in business success a few years back.
They are unable to survive without it today (Sultan and Rohn, 2004).
The internet is becoming more focused on handling the online contact process in
terms of optimizing the quality of sales, giving meaning, and increasing customer loyalty
and happiness (Berton et al., 2003; Rao and Perry, 2003; Osmonbekov et al . , 2002;
Sharma, 2002; Burke, 2008).
A increasing number of research studies have centered on online happiness, leading
to the growing value of online shopping. Two early models of online customer
satisfaction, the first by Szymanski and Hise (2000) and the second by Lee (2001), were
built to better understand online customer satisfaction. The model developed by
Szymanski and Hise was a simplistic one and was limited to only four web dimensions,
namely convenience, merchandising, site architecture and financial protection, while both
models had some understanding of online customer loyalty. In the other hand, with many

xxii
interrelated structures, the paradigm developed by Lee was very sophisticated and it was
therefore not able to provide further interpretation of customer satisfaction.
As the internet alternative expands, it becomes a common marketing channel10.
There are different variations between a physical store and its electronic equivalent, such
as shoppers can buy stuff anytime they want and anywhere they purchase online. It is a
dynamic purchasing process involving navigation, knowledge discovery, internet
purchases, and customer experiences. By each year, the intensity of online shopping is
projected to rise in double digits10. In fact, in comparison to the conventional retail
climate, customers can now enjoy window shopping on the internet without enduring /
feeling the urge to buy (Hamza, V. K.; Saidalavi, K.)
According to the Ericsson Mobility Report (Ericsson, 2014), Filipinos use
smartphones primarily for chatting, browsing the Internet, visiting social network sites,
viewing videoclips, and sending text messages and emails. The subscriptions to
smartphones continue to rise because of these online activities whose main subscribers
are the youth (10-24 years old) (Ericsson, 2014).
The World Bank (2016) reported that there were 111 mobile phone subscriptions
per 100 people. Obviously, the need to socialize and the influence of the society drive the
youth to use smartphones (Mohd Suki, 2013; Arif, Aslam, & Ali, 2016). Because of the
call to socialize, the convenience brought by smartphones entices the youth to use these
devices (Arif et al., 2016). Abu-Shanab & Abu-Baker (2014) showed that the youth in
Jordan use smartphones mainly for communicating, setting of alarm or using as watch,
and for sending

xxiii
messages.
Online purchase intention  subsequently referred to as purchase intention  is
the strength of tendency that customers will buy a product online after inspecting the
product (Laroche, Kim, & Zhou,1996; Laroche & Sadokierski,1994; Salisbury, Pearson,
Pearson, & Miller, 2001). Likewise, online shopping providers supply information about
the price and quality of their products as well as their secured and trusted services.
Different studies attempted to explain the factors that could influence purchase intention.
One of these is Järveläinen (2007) who commented that online shopping providers
convince consumers that online shopping systems are secured and trustworthy. This is
reasonable since consumers have to deal with uncertainty or threat such as scam, identity
theft, hacking, and poor or unsafe products (Li, Kim, & Park, 2007; Zhang & Prybutok,
2003; Bringula,2016a).
Online buying is positively determined by happiness. Quality thresholds such as
product measurements for online retailers Prices, consistency of the goods, and customer
care (Abdul Muhmin,2011).
Besides, online consumers not only purchase the same items for less money, but
they buy different products. They are much more likely to get just what they want and to
get what they want. Discover items they were ignorant of (Postrel, V., 2004). It may also
be inferred that the form of product has an effect on the purpose to buy online (Biz
Group, 2010).

xxiv
With the popularity of tablets and smartphones, more are to shop online for goods
and services. The Digital On cell phones, content was the most viewed item, followed by
personal electronics and household electronics (Garcia, C., 2013). Data has shown that in
the next three to six months, respondents are expected to purchase computer applications
online. Next on the list are cell phones; computer hardware; apparel and accessories; and
reservations for flights (Ordinario, C., 2012)
However the bulk of online transactions made in the study conducted by (Visa
e-Commerce Market Monitor Report, 2012) are travel, apparel and personal electronics.
The highest penetration for digital purchase intentions is recorded for non-
consumer packaged goods (CPG) such as electronics, clothes, and travel (Ordinario, C.,
2012).
During the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines as of May 2020, 44 percent of
respondents aged 35 to 44 said they ordered more online, according to a survey
conducted by Rakuten Insight. On the other hand, 16% of respondents aged 25 to 34 and
34 to 54 years each reported that their online transactions had no effect.
Internet shopping is according to the Oxford Dictionary, the operation or practice of
purchasing products or services over the Internet. A constant and increasing trend
worldwide is this style of shopping. The Philippines had no escape from it by way of the
word 'globally'. Websites such as Lazada, Zalora, OLX, This Simple Store, Ayos Dito,
Widget City, Keekay.ph and Goods.ph illustrate the popularity of online shops in the
region.

xxv
There are a lot of differences between the online marketing and traditional marketing
because online marketing provides one to one communication which means that the
marketer will market the product to one customer round the clock on the other hand
traditional marketing is done through one to much communication system (Johnson,
Gustafson, Andreasson, Lervik & Cha 2001).
If a company goes online or adopts online shopping for the first time, it must be
very cautious and its communication strategy must be different from the traditional one.
As we all know internet makes life easy and innovative so online shopping will also
make our life easy and comfortable as online shopping is done through internet. In the
21st century trade and commerce has been so diversified that if a marketer wants to do
business he must be diversified, online shopping has increased the amount of trade
throughout the whole world (Johnson, Gustafsson, Andreasson, Lervik & Cha 2001).
In 2008, the total global e-commerce sale was Euro 690 billion (USD961 billion)
with 20% growth rate, hopefully, it would cross the 1 trillion Euro mark in 2013, Asia
pacific region is leading in terms of growth as compared to mature markets like US, UK,
Japan and European countries (Armstrong & Kotler, 2009). Asia Pacific recorded 130 %
growth especially China in 2011.Online shopping is becoming the most important part of
the world economy. It is also acquiring trust or online shopping is building trust among
the customers.
Electronic communication take place in online shopping much like e-mail or different
social media like face book, twitter etc, in case of online shopping customer can get the

xxvi
information like product description, shipment date, price, quantity from the seller easily
(Rosen & Purinton, 2004).
Though Internet development has helped bring about an increase in number of
online consumers, many people still hesitate due to the concerns related to privacy and
personal safety. As online franchise and store become more sophisticated, online
shopping continues to mark its existence in the market (Lian& Lin, 2008). This shows
that there’s now a dramatic revolution in the way people buy products and services (Li,
Kuo&Russell, 1999; Shergill& Chen, 2003).
According to Salman et al., (2013) remarkable selling of computer has noted in 2000
where it was low in 1998 further, energy, communication and Multimedia ministry has
reported that in the year of 2000 total 7.0% population subscribe internet compare to past
years where it was 2.6%. Resent statistics of internet subscriber in among native found
72% (Salman et al., 2013).
The online shopping has started late in Malaysia because of the late recognition of
internet in the local market also the trend towards using internet. The major use of
internet in Malaysia is for entertainment and communication rarely use for enterprise or
e-commerce business (John & Jacki, 2001).
According to John & Jacki, (2001) only 4.0% adult done online shopping till 2001
while current study of Nielson stated that Malaysia enable to place in top ranking for
online shopping where 6 out 10 use internet for online shopping which is recorded
drastically high figure in online shopping market.

xxvii
According to the UCLA centre for communication policy, online shopping has
become the third popular internet activity which further followed up by e-mails and web
browsing. Many researches have indicated that the internet shopping particularly in B2C
has risen and online shopping become more popular to many people.
According to The Emerging Digital Economy Report, in some companies the
weight of e-commerce sales is high (Dell computer reached $ 18million sales through
internet). This advent of internet has made the marketers to realize that the consumer
behavior transformation is unavoidable and thus they have to change their marketing
strategy.
In addition, Internet marketing can be a time-consuming and cost-saving
alternative to the overall marketing campaign of marketers. Online marketing, thus, is the
marketing aspect that deals with the internet preparation, pricing, marketing, and delivery
of goods and services (Pan-Western E-Business Squad, 2005).
A successful internet marketing strategy clearly conveys the unique selling
proposition of a business, or the unique set of advantages that generate value for its
clients. It is possible to divide goods which are sold over the Internet into two categories
(Legard, 1998).
Understanding the Online marketing environment and its working mechanism
would undoubtedly mitigate fears and contribute to increased use of internet shopping. It
is important to do internet shopping in certain circumstances. Indeed the level of online
shopping is initially closely linked to the level of internet connectivity. In addition, they

xxviii
can all lead to badly crafted interfaces, cluttered page formats, inadequate and unreliable
search engines, dead links, obsolete content, tedious navigational frameworks and
complex checkout procedures. From MORI (2001).
Different modes of animation can also be provided by online advertising. The
word "online advertising Web-related advertising has a number of ways to promote and
target a niche audience with the most common usage to direct its interest on a particular
community. Research has shown that internet advertisement has generated results and is
growing market revenue for the year 2012; projected by Jupiter Study."
Online marketing has become a strong advertising marketing tool in comparison
with conventional marketing (Schwarzl and Grabowska, 2015; Yasmin et al., 2015).
Beyond conventional marketing, some benefits that internet marketing could
deliver include complementing the user's current needs, bringing stronger digital
connections between individuals and organizations, and empowering corporations to
provide information anywhere and at any time (Wilson and Makau, 2018). ...
Marketing in the online marketing of Lammenett (201) includes bundles of steps
that can lead internet consumers to purchase or order certain goods or services from
certain websites.
As mentioned by Na Li and Ping Zhang (2002), online shopping, immediately
after using email or instant messaging and web surfing, has become the third most
common internet operation.

xxix
Some internet retailers offer discounts despite the infancy stage of e-commerce.
One reason for this could be the decline in the firms’ cost structure when selling over the
web. Another source of price discounts are the stiff price competition on the internet
because of the transparency brought by search engines and shopping agents. According to
the US Department of Commerce (1998) study, should retailing continue to grow in the
internet, the nature of competition and favorable economics in the internet could translate
into lower prices for the average consumer.
Based on the trends in the Philippines, it can be said that ecommerce is definitely
here to stay. As the experiences of the US and Europe show, the effects of e-commerce
are expected to be felt by all—firms, consumers, and workers. However, Filipinos are
still in the dark as to how e-commerce will impact on their lives. There are no e-
commerce studies centered on forecasting or estimating how e-commerce will affect
businesses in the Philippines. Neither is there a Philippine framework that can analyze the
possible effects of e-commerce on the economy. The OECD (1998a) notes that first and
foremost, methodologies for measuring e-commerce, its growth and possible effects,
need to be developed (Roberto E. de Vera 2004).
Incorporated statistica (2015) concealed that 41 percent of global internet users had
bought online products and services and that the figure will begin to climb in subsequent
years.
The internet users listed in Forsythe & Shi (2003) can be divided into two: internet
shoppers and internet browsers. Online shoppers are the individuals who buy a product or

xxx
service through the internet, while the internet browser is the individuals who browse the
internet for jobs, assignment, study, and more than for shopping purposes.
An article from Web Designer magazine dated 2013 by Steve Jenkins entitled “Pay
As You Go Advertising”. Its shows that for most types of advertising, advertisers pay the
people to see ad. With Google Adwords, the advertiser only pays when someone clicks
on the ad and visit the website of the business. The advertiser have complete control of
adjusting or customizing the ad campaigns like how much spend, who sees the ad, and
where and when the customers see it.
Shopping on the Internet is beginning to become increasingly popular. These
potential wonderful things about looking for consumers on the internet include
convenience, a selection of options, decent offers, exclusive resources, personal interest,
and easy access to information, and the like. This abundance of online shopping features
has led to broad experimentation aimed at having and retaining consumers from the
consumer or a technology-oriented viewpoint (Li & Zhang, 2002; 2007; Zhou, Dai, &
Zhang).
Search engine marketing is part of internet marketing in the Kozinets (2002)
analysis of online marketing and covers all steps to gain customers on the basis of online
search tools. Search engine marketing has become more complicated thanks to Google's
way of delivering search results.
RELATED STUDIES

xxxi
In the research conducted by Susanne Schwarzl and Monika Grabowska in the
'Online Marketing Strategies: The Future is Here' study, it is well-known that traditional
(offline) marketing strategies are already widely used by businesses around the world and
there are almost no new options for competition promotion. And internet marketing with
almost infinite possibilities and choices arrives here.
An article from The Philippine Star dated August 7, 2012 by Louella D. Desiderio
entitled “businesses urged to use internet to push products.” It shows that businesses are
advised to use the internet for promoting their products and services as more consumers
are going online to research before making purchases. Companies should consider using
online advertisements for the products and services the offer as more and more people are
using the internet to research goods they plan to buy before making the purchase.
A target-oriented usage of internet technologies such as WWW or email in the
analysis by Naik and Roman (2003) for internet marketing. The key component here is
the website.
A research study conducted by Shuai Yuan, Ahmad Zainal Abidin, Marc Sloan and
Jun wang from Cornell University of Ithaca, New York on June 2012 entitled “An
Interplay among Advertisers, Online publisher, Ad exchanges and web Users”. The
researchers conclude that the internet advertising is a fast growing business which has
proved to be significantly important in digital economics. It is vitally important for both
web search engines and online content providers and publishers because web advertising
provides them with major source of revenue. Its presence is increasingly important for the
whole media Industry due to the influence of the web.

xxxii
E-commerce is the new mantra to boost revenue, according to Michael Braganza
(2007). This is so you can sell online and achieve a larger customer base instead of
delivering your goods and services to a local store. In addition to offering delivery
services, to make the business a success, you would need an online e-commerce retailer
account to accept credit card payments.
In the study entitled How does it affect international e-commerce firms conducted by
Helin Oven & Mellisa Hicintuka, the purpose of this thesis is to investigate how Covid-
19 affects internationally e-commerce firms. Covid-19 has been the source of changes in
the international business environment across world from the beginning of year 2020.
The effects on e-commerce firms are nearly unknown, therefore this research is unique.
In the study entitle 'Effects of COVID-19 on business and research' The COVID-19
outbreak is a sharp reminder that pandemics, like other rarely occurring catastrophes,
have happened in the past and will continue to happen in the future. Even if we cannot
prevent dangerous viruses from emerging, we should prepare to dampen their effects on
society. The current outbreak has had severe economic consequences across the globe,
and it does not look like any country will be unaffected. This not only has consequences
for the economy; all of society is affected, which has led to dramatic changes in how
businesses act and consumers behave.
In the study entitle 'COVID-19 Impact on e-Commerce & Online Payments,
Worldwide, 2020-Online Shopper Penetration Increases During the Pandemic'
conducted by Dublin May 29, 2020. This report covers the impact of the coronavirus
(COVID-19) pandemic on B2C e-Commerce and online payments worldwide. The report

xxxiii
focuses on the present effect and future implications and trends. All major global regions
were covered in this report, with data availability ranging by region and country.
In the study entitle Research Documents the Impact of COVID-19 on Sales and
Profits conducted by David Dodd, the COVID-19 pandemic has been wreaking havoc on
U.S. businesses since March when the governors of most states began closing “non-
essential” businesses and issuing “stay at home” orders. As the reality of the pandemic
sank in, it quickly became apparent that COVID-19 would have a major impact on the
financial performance of most companies.
In the research entitle THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON SMALL BUSINESS OWNERS:
EVIDENCE OF EARLY-STAGE LOSSES FROM THE APRIL 2020 CURRENT
POPULATION SURVEY conducted by Robert Fairlie . Social distancing restrictions and
demand shifts from COVID-19 are expected to shutter many small businesses, but there
is very little early evidence on impacts. This paper provides the first analysis of impacts
of the pandemic on the number of active small businesses in the United States using
nationally representative data from the April 2020 CPS - the first month fully capturing
early effects from the pandemic. The number of active business owners in the United
States plummeted by 3.3 million or 22 percent over the crucial two-month window from
February to April 2020.
In the research entitle The impact of COVID-19 on small business outcomes and
expectations conducted by Alexander W. Bartik, Marianne Bertrand, Zoe Cullen, Edward
L. Glaeser, Michael Luca and Christopher Stanton. To explore the impact of coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) on small businesses, we conducted a survey of more than

xxxiv
5,800 small businesses between March 28 and April 4, 2020. Several themes emerged.
First, mass layoffs and closures had already occurred — just a few weeks into the crisis.
Second, the risk of closure was negatively associated with the expected length of the
crisis. Moreover, businesses had widely varying beliefs about the likely duration of
COVID-related disruptions. Third, many small businesses are financially fragile
In the research entitle The COVID-19 Impact on Philippine Business: Key Findings
from the Enterprise Survey. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has shocked global,
regional, and national economies. People’s lives and economic activities have been
strictly limited to safeguard health and control the spread of the virus. Travel bans,
temporary closures of schools and businesses, and social distancing have accompanied
quarantines. Meanwhile, private sector businesses have cut back production as well as
service delivery, and have been forced to temporarily lay off employees. They face a lack
of working capital, making it difficult to continue operating. Prolonged containment of
COVID-19 increases the risk of business failure and bankruptcy. In particular, micro,
small, and medium-sized firms are at great risk due to abrupt supply chain disruptions
and tightened financial conditions.
In the research entitle The state of the online shopper: prior to, during, and
educated predictions for a post-COVID-19. The report shows that the expected slower
growth in ecommerce sales is mainly due to the fact that a majority of sales is expected to
go online in the coming years, specifically for categories such as fashion and consumer
electronics. E-tailers will therefore have to think of other ways to achieve growth.

xxxv
In the research entitled What Is the Impact of COVID-19 on Entrepreneurship
conducted by Marie-France Derderian. In the face of the worldwide COVID-19
pandemic, Entrepreneurs have to face a new reality: that it is not only a huge sanitary and
health crisis affecting millions or even billion people in all over the world. This is also an
unprecedented downturn on the global economy. For instance, France has lost 6 GDP
points in 15 days and 10 million people in USA has been laid off. This reveals the
breakability of our economies and its fundamentals.
In the research entitled Impact of COVID-19 on micro, small, and medium businesses
in Uganda conducted by Corti Paul and Nathan Sunday. Thankfully, the incidence of
COVID-19 in Uganda is very low in comparison to other countries — the country has so
far recorded 260 cases, with 63 recoveries, and no COVID-19 related deaths as of this
writing. Indeed, early on, Uganda adopted a number of containment measures to curb the
spread of the virus, including the closure of schools, restrictions on internal and
international travel, use of hand sanitizer, improved handwashing stations, social
distancing, and even lockdown, among others. While these measures may have
contributed to the successful reining in of the virus, those same restrictions have hit
business operations hard.
In the research entitle A Literature Review on Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on
Teaching and Learning conducted by Sumitra Pokhrel And Roshan Chhetri. The
COVID-19 pandemic has created the largest disruption of education systems in human
history, affecting nearly 1.6 billion learners in more than 200 countries. Closures of
schools, institutions and other learning spaces have impacted more than 94% of the

xxxvi
world’s student population. This has brought far-reaching changes in all aspects of our
lives. Social distancing and restrictive movement policies have significantly disturbed
traditional educational practices. Reopening of schools after relaxation of restriction is
another challenge with many new standard operating procedures put in place.
In the research entitle A Literature Review of the Economics of COVID-19 conducted by
Abel Brodeur, David Gray, Anik Islam, And Suraiya Jabeen Bhuiyan. The goal of this
piece is to survey the emerging and rapidly growing literature on the economic
consequences of COVID-19 and government response, and to synthetize the
insights emerging from a very large number of studies. This survey (i) provides an
overview of the data sets used to measure social distancing and COVID-19 cases and
deaths; (ii) reviews the literature on the determinants of compliance and effectiveness of
social distancing; (iii) summarizes the literature on the socio-economic consequences of
COVID19 and government interventions, focusing on labor, health, gender,
discrimination and environmental aspects; and (iv) discusses policy proposals.
The thesis of (Delafrooz, 2009), found that the level of online shopping
intention was relatively high and direction of attitude towards online shopping was
positive among the postgraduate students. Moreover, it was found that utilitarian
orientation and hedonic orientation, perceived benefits and demographic characteristics
(gender, age, and income) were significantly and positively correlated with the attitude
towards online shopping. In addition, the result revealed that the perceived behavioral

xxxvii
control and attitude were significantly and positively correlated with online shopping
intention.
In the research entitle Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19
pandemic: a call for action for mental health science conducted by Prof Emily A homes,
PhD, Prof Rory C O’Connor, PhD, Prof V Hugh Perry, PhD, Prof Irene Tracey, PhD,
Prof Simon Wessely,MD, Prof Louise Arseneault,PhD, The coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19) pandemic is having a profound effect on all aspects of society, including
mental health and physical health. We explore the psychological, social, and
neuroscientific effects of COVID-19 and set out the immediate priorities and longer-term
strategies for mental health science research. These priorities were informed by surveys
of the public and an expert panel convened by the UK Academy of Medical Sciences and
the mental health research charity, MQ: Transforming Mental Health, in the first weeks
of the pandemic in the UK in March, 2020. We urge UK research funding agencies to
work with researchers, people with lived experience, and others to establish a high level
coordination group to ensure that these research priorities are addressed, and to allow
new ones to be identified over time. The need to maintain high-quality research standards
is imperative. International collaboration and a global perspective will be beneficial. An
immediate priority is collecting high-quality data on the mental health effects of the
COVID-19 pandemic across the whole population and vulnerable groups, and on brain
function, cognition, and mental health of patients with COVID-19. There is an urgent
need for research to address how mental health consequences for vulnerable groups can
be mitigated under pandemic conditions, and on the impact of repeated media

xxxviii
consumption and health messaging around COVID-19. Discovery, evaluation, and
refinement of mechanistically driven interventions to address the psychological, social,
and neuroscientific aspects of the pandemic are required. Rising to this challenge will
require integration across disciplines and sectors, and should be done together with
people with lived experience. New funding will be required to meet these priorities, and it
can be efficiently leveraged by the UK's world-leading infrastructure. This Position Paper
provides a strategy that may be both adapted for, and integrated with, research efforts in
other countries.
In the research entitle Impact of COVID-19 on the Restaurant & Hospitality Industry
conducted by Lymari Martinez Cromwell, Katie Day, Leslie Ford, John Fuller, Thomas
Gossett, Courtney Hunter, Jason Lewallen, David Smith, Jessalyn Zeigler Bass, Berry &
Sims PLC .The impact currently being felt by businesses in the restaurant and hospitality
industries as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and, more directly, the rapidly
expanding social distancing requirements and travel limitations, as well as the growing
number of governmental stay-home orders, has been unprecedented in its breadth and
severity. A number of publicly traded restaurant and hospitality companies have
withdrawn earnings guidance in the last week until they have more clarity on the
pandemic, and small businesses within these industries face even greater uncertainty.
In the research entitled Assessing the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Student
Wellbeing at Universities in the United Kingdom: A Conceptual Analysis conducted by
Danielle Burns, Neil Dagnall And Maxine Holt. The mechanisms of daily life changed
significantly upon the discovery and subsequent exponential transmission of COVID-19.

xxxix
COVID-19 (or Sars-Cov-2) is a novel coronavirus initially discovered in Wuhan, China
in late December 2019. Initially reported as a case of “unknown pneumonia”, the
escalation of worldwide response has occurred rapidly. COVID-19 can cause the infected
person to experience a range of respiratory symptoms but the most commonly reported
symptoms include a new continuous cough, fever and a loss of taste and/or smell (NHS,
2020). As COVID-19 has spread across the globe, the World Health Organization
declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in January 2020 (World
Health Organization [WHO], 2020). Community transmission has led to an exponential
growth in cases both nationally and internationally, bringing with it stringent new
measures to curb the virus ’impact. Each nation has approached the COVID-19 problem
with varying degrees of zeal and a range of targeted interventions normally centered
around social distancing. The most utilized approach has been quarantine or, as
colloquially described in the United Kingdom, “lockdown.”
In the research entitled IMPACT OF COVID 19 ON E COMMERCE conducted by
Mrs. Kranti Shashikant Patil. E-commerce is the most considered and preferred way of
purchasing all sorts of products and services by the consumers all over world now days.
Convenient yet reasonable with lot of variety to choose from all over the world at
fingertips is the reason why E-commerce is growing by lips and bounds. But due to
covid-19 pandemic E-commerce business are facing challenges of unexpected forms
which never existed before. There is certain change in Demand and buying behavior of
consumer all of a sudden. Lockdowns and restriction posed by the government in order to

xl
control covid-19 spread resulted into nightmare for E-commerce business. This paper
tries to throw light on those impacts.
In the reserach entitled The Use of E-Commerce During COVID-19 Pandemic
Towards Revenue and Volume of MSMEs Sales conducted by Cynthia Saisaria Mandasari
And I Gede Surya Pratama. A large number of MSMEs in Denpasar City must be able to
overcome the challenges caused by the COVID-19 virus and must be able to reach
changes around it. Marketing communication must be done as well and as effectively as
possible to potential customers. The use of online strategies with ecommerce media is
currently the best solution for MSMEs. This is because promotion through online media
is easier to reach consumers in terms of introducing or selling their products without
having to meet face to face. Ecommerce makes it easier for consumers and producers to
make transactions. The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of e-commerce
on the income and sales volume of MSMEs in Denpasar City. Targeting MSMEs as
research respondents.
In the research entitle COVID-19 IMPACT ON E-COMMERCE USAGE: AN
EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIAN HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY conducted by
Rohail Hassan, Nor Izani Abdullah, Arsalan Hussain and Muhammad Freed. This is a
quantitative online survey-based research. The questionnaires are distributed among 100
samples from a healthcare provider, namely doctors, hospital management, medical
assistant nurses, and medical supplier, particularly in Peninsular Malaysia. The sample
comprised 45% male and 55% female. The data were analyzed by using SPSS 25 and
PLS-SEM 3.0 to examine the relationship between variables and to test the hypotheses.

xli
In the research The New Consumer Behavior Paradigm amid COVID-19:
Permanent or Transient conducted by Seema Mehta, Tanjul Saxena and Neetu Purohit. A
critical situation pushes human behavior towards different directions with some aspects
of behavior being irrevocable. COVID-19 pandemic is not a normal crisis, and to control
the spread of disease various measures were taken including complete and then partial
lockdown. Since all elements of the economy are intricately interrelated with public
health measures and lockdown, this resulted in economic instabilities of the nations
hinting towards change in market dynamics. In every market, consumers are the drivers
of the market competitiveness, growth and economic integration. With economic
instability, consumers are also experiencing a transformation in behavior, though how
much of transformation experienced during the crisis will sustain is a question. This
article looks at the consumer behavior during the COVID-19 crisis and in the subsequent
lockdown period when the world stood still for more than a quarter of a year. Further, the
article attempts to weave through the maze of literature available about consumer
behavior in normal times and in crisis times, strengthens it with the rapid assessment
reports culled out by the different consulting organizations during lockdown phase,
substantiates the same with first-hand telling and retelling of experiences by consumers
and professionals with marketing background to bring up a hypothesis of the pandemic
affecting a paradigm shift from consumer materialism to consumer spiritualism.
In the research entitle The Impact of Coronavirus on Digital Marketing &
Ecommerce conducted by Abbey Kwait. Panic and anxiety have set the economic tone of

xlii
the pandemic thus far, but for e-commerce companies there has been another side of the
coin, and a shiny one at that. In reviewing March and April performance data, Logical
has seen an overwhelmingly positive impact for our e-commerce clients. Within the
Grocery & Gourmet category, we have seen a four digit (2,000% +) increase in revenue
on Google Advertising. Food that can be delivered to your door was always going to be
the big winner here, though.
In the research entitle The Impact of Electronic Commerce on Motivating the
Investment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia conducted by Thair A. Habboush and Badi F.
Alanazi . The study aimed to identify the impact of E-Commerce (regulations and
legislations, infrastructure, manpower) on stimulating investment in the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia. We applied the descriptive-analytical method for achieving the study
objectives. The questionnaire was administered to collect the data that were then
analyzed using the SPSS system to provide answers for related questions and hypotheses.
A random sample of 250 volunteering investors was taken, and the number of
respondents reached 202 respondents, which represents 81% of the study population. We
found that there is a significant impact of E-Commerce on motivating the investment and
the existence of a statistically significant correlation between the independent variables as
a whole were confirmed. The study also finds a substantial impact of the age variable on
the investment in the KSA at the level (α = 0.05), and the differences emerge of the age
group (31-40).
In the research entitled The Effect Of COVID-19 On Consumer Behavior In Saudi
Arabia: Switching From Brick And Mortar Stores To E-Commerce conducted by

xliii
Mohamed Ahmed Salem and Khalil Md Nor. Individuals ‘adoption has been reckoned as
an important indicator of the success of new technology. Hence, it is crucial to identify
the reasons why individuals choose to use or not to use a particular technology.
Understanding one’s behavior towards accepting or rejecting technologies has been
proven as one of the most challenging issues within the information systems (IS) domain,
not to mention during exceptional circumstances, such as during pandemic times. As
such, this study empirically assessed the factors that affect consumers ‘intention to adopt
e-commerce during Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Saudi Arabia. The 10
factors examined in this study are perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use
(PEOU), subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioral control (PBC), perceived lack of
alternatives, perceived risk, perceived punishable infractions, risk-taking propensity,
perceived external pressure, and government support. Data were collected online among
social media users by employing the snowball sampling technique. A total of 190 valid
responses were obtained.
In the research entitle The impact of COVID-19 on fisheries and aquaculture food
systems Possible responses conducted by Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations Rome, 2021. The purpose of this information paper is to update
information on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fisheries and aquaculture
sector. The paper looks at the measures taken to inform on the ongoing impact on the
fisheries and aquaculture food systems, and responses from aquatic food providers and
governments to counteract the negative impacts on aquatic food value chains. In the first
half of 2020, there were many adjustments by governments and the private sector to the

xliv
evolving situation of the coronavirus pandemic. There have been new challenges, as well
as innovations by governments and actors along the aquatic food value chain. Already
some lessons are emerging on ways to build back better, to ensure that the resilience of
faquatic food value chains are strengthened to endure future crises, so that sustainability,
livelihoods and food security are not compromised, and that food loss and waste of high
value and perishable food is reduced to meet the sustainable development goals (SDGs)
targets
In the research entitle COVID-19 impact and survival strategy in business tourism
market: the example of the UAE MICE industry conducted by Asad A. Abrurumman.
Today the industry of meetings, incentives, conferences and exhibitions, commonly
known under the name of MICE, contributes to economic diversification and actively
stimulates the rational use of cultural-historical and natural recreational resources. As of
2019, the total contribution of the tourism sector to the GDP of the United Arab Emirates
(UAE) equaled 11.5 per cent. More than 2.3 million visitors cited business as their main
purpose of travel to Dubai in 2019, marking a two per cent increase compared to 2018.
Thus, the UAE MICE industry was among the global leaders before the COVID-19
pandemic occurred. As a result of severe quarantine measures, the majority of
destinations all over the world introduced COVID-19-related travel restrictions that were
valid until May 2020.
In the research entitle The Impact of Coronavirus (COVID-19) on E-commerce and
Customer Spending Pattern in South Korea-e-Market Trends, Forecasts and Statistics
conducted by Kim Tae-Hwan, Jeoung, So Yeon. Coronavirus (COVID-19) has caused a

xlv
lot of disarray in all sectors across the world. Businesses have been significantly affected
by the spread of the virus. Manufacturing, tours and travel, education, among others have
been profoundly affected. A lot of strain has been exerted on most multinational
operations. The pandemic has impacted retail trading. The need for e-trading and e-
commerce has significantly increased because they promote distribution of products with
minimal contact between the sellers and the buyers. This paper looks at how international
trade has been impacted through addressing methods that have been employed to ensure
that countries such as China and South Korea have managed to carry out their
manufacturing processes and exportation. The paper explores the available literature
regarding the purchasing behavior of prospective customers during the COVID-19
period. Data has been collected in different parts of the world to get facts about the
impact of the pandemic. Market trends and future statistics forecasts have been provided.
In the research entitle ONLINE STRATEGIES FOR SMALL BUSINESSES
AFFECTED BY COVID-19: A SOCIAL MEDIA AND SOCIAL COMMERCE
APPROACH conducted by Julianne Itliong. The Covid-19 pandemic has altered the way
many US citizens work, live, and interact with one another. Many rules and regulations
have been put in place by government officials to slow the spread of the virus because of
how contagious it is in social settings. Because of these rules and regulations, many small
businesses were forced to temporarily close their doors to the public in order to comply
with the rules of social distancing and the ban on large gatherings. For some businesses,
this shift from physical sales to digital sales has always been a part of their business

xlvi
models, leaving them unaffected by this pandemic. For other businesses with no digital
strategy, the pandemic has put their business at risk for permanent closures.
In the research entitle A Literature Review of the Economics of COVID-19
conducted by Abel Brodeur, David Gray, anik islam, And Suraiya Jabeen Bhuiyan. The
goal of this piece is to survey the emerging and rapidly growing literature on the
economic consequences of COVID-19 and government response, and to synthetize the
insights emerging from a very large number of studies. This survey (i) provides an
overview of the data sets used to measure social distancing and COVID-19 cases and
deaths; (ii) reviews the literature on the determinants of compliance and effectiveness of
social distancing; (iii) summarizes the literature on the socio-economic consequences of
COVID19 and government interventions, focusing on labor, health, gender,
discrimination and environmental aspects; and (iv) discusses policy proposals.
In the research entitle The Impact of COVID-19 on Small Business Outcomes and
Expectations conducted by Alexander Bartik, Marianne Bertrand, Zoe B. Cullen, Edward
L. Glaeser, Michael Luca and Christopher Stanton. To explore the impact of COVID on
small businesses, we conducted a survey of more than 5,800 small businesses between
March 28 and April 4, 2020. Several themes emerged. First, mass layoffs and closures
had already occurred - just a few weeks into the crisis. Second, the risk of closure was
negatively associated with the expected length of the crisis. Moreover, businesses had
widely varying beliefs about the likely duration of COVID-related disruptions. Third,
many small businesses are financially fragile: the median business with more than $
10,000 in monthly expenses had only about two weeks of cash on hand at the time of the

xlvii
survey. Fourth, the majority of businesses planned to seek funding through the CARES
act. However, many anticipated problems with accessing the program, such as
bureaucratic hassles and difficulties establishing eligibility. Using experimental variation,
we also assess take-up rates and business resilience effects for loans relative to grants-
based programs.
In the research entitle Developments In The E-Commerce Sector And Assessment Of
The Problems Arising With Consumers In The Scope Of The Covid-19 Outbreak
conducted by Duygu Dogan Sahiner and Oyku Kurt, the ecosystems that direct the trade
sector during the new type of corona virus ("Covid-19") epidemic. Especially with the
measures taken within the scope of Covid-19 and digital transformations in recent
months; It has caused some changes in the operation and infrastructure demands of the e-
commerce sector. Thus, it has been stated in the researches that the digital transformation
of the E-Commerce sector which is expected to be completed in the coming years, has
been completed in the last few months due to Covid-19, therefore necessary software
updates have been made to improve the performance of E-Commerce actors operating
both domestically and abroad. Although Covid-19 has brought new digital adaptations to
the commerce sector, problems related to some legal, technical, operational and
infrastructure problems persist in E-Commerce sites. In this study, the reflections of the
Covid-19 epidemic to the E-Commerce sector, the developments in E-Commerce and the
legal evaluations regarding the problems experienced by consumers due to the
operational / logistics transactions of E-Commerce companies are included.

xlviii
In the research entitle The Impact Of Coronavirus (Covid-19) Pandemic On Retail
Business In Saudi Arabia conducted by Saad Alflayyed, Haseebullah, and Fozi Ali
Belhaj. A Theoretical Review. Key purpose of this study is to study the impact of
coronavirus (Covid-19) crisis on the retail business in Saudi Arabia. The conventional
brick and mortar retail business has been following a downward trend over the years with
e-retailing exponentially growing during the lockdown period of corona pandemic. It was
also noticed that customer preferences and purchasing behavior are also experiencing a
gradual shift from the earlier patterns. In the wake of such adversity, where businesses
have collapsed, the study has tried to understand the factors responsible for affecting the
retail industries in the kingdom with some key learnings.
In the research entitle The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on firms: a survey in
Guangdong Province, China conducted by Peng Zou, Di Huo and Meng Li. The
COVID-19 pandemic has affected all sectors of the world economy and society. To
understand the impact of the pandemic on firms in China and suggest public policies to
deal with the negative effects, we investigated firms in Guangdong Province.
In the research entitle Influence of COVID-19 confinement on students ’performance
in higher education conducted by T. Gonzalez, M. A. de la Rubia, K. P. Hincz, M.
Comas-Lopez, Laia Subirats, Santi Fort, G. M. Sacha. This study analyzes the effects of
COVID-19 confinement on the autonomous learning performance of students in higher
education. Using a field experiment with 458 students from three different subjects at
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain), we study the differences in assessments by
dividing students into two groups. The first group (control) corresponds to academic

xlix
years 2017/2018 and 2018/2019. The second group (experimental) corresponds to
students from 2019/2020, which is the group of students that had their face-to-face
activities interrupted because of the confinement. The results show that there is a
significant positive effect of the COVID-19 confinement on students ’performance. This
effect is also significant in activities that did not change their format when performed
after the confinement. We find that this effect is significant both in subjects that increased
the number of assessment activities and subjects that did not change the student
workload.
In the research entitle Managing the effectiveness of e-commerce platforms in a
pandemic conducted by Lobel Trong Thuy Tran. Given the severe impacts of the Covid-
19 pandemic on business activities, this study presents a systematic framework to
examine the effect of the perceived effectiveness of e-commerce platforms (PEEP) on
consumer's perceived economic benefits in predicting sustainable consumption. This
study adopted uses and gratification theory to base the conceptual model while adding a
boundary condition of pandemic fear. The primary research method of this study is a
quantitative survey and analysis.
In the research entitle A study on the COVID-19 awareness affecting the consumer
perceived benefits of online shopping in Vietnam conducted by Van Kien Pham and Thu
Ha Do Thi. The Covid-19 outbreak has turned out an opportunity for a recent noticeable
increase in online shopping in Vietnam. Hence, this paper aims to discover how online
shoppers react to their purchasing behavior during Covid-19 time in terms of perceived
benefits perspective. Based on the collected data from 427 Vietnamese online

l
respondents during the social distancing period due to Covid-19, the research analyzes
the role of Covid-19 as a moderator variable in the relationship between benefits
perception of the consumer and their online shopping activity. The result shows Covid-19
plays a moderating role in consumer’s awareness of utilities, which encourages shoppers
towards Online shopping. However, the affection of society could be a reason that
consumers become more hesitant to shop online. In the meantime, awareness of the
Covid-19 pandemic and marketing policies do not impact on online shopping
significantly during the Covid-19 pandemic which is a conflict with previous researches.
In the research entitle The impact of a pandemic on brand preference in purchasing
decisions of food and hygiene products: a COVID-19 perspective conducted by Tarek
Fahmy and Armin Sohani .The uncontrolled spread of COVID-19 pandemic has
surpassed all the expectations. Nations closed their boarders; the economy is going into
recession and the whole world is suffering from the emerged pandemic. Although the
effects of the pandemic economically and socially can be measured and estimated,
thought the changes in the buying behavior of customers is not easily predicted. As
hygiene products demand went up and supply went down causing panic hoarding by
some of the consumers. It became interesting for the researchers to explore the impact of
the COVID-19 pandemic on the brand preferences in purchasing decisions for hygiene
and food products. As a result, the main purpose of this master thesis is to broaden the
scope of consumer behavior as a field by adding a complementary empirical perspective
to the current literature on how a pandemic affects brand preference in purchasing
behavior, since it is a topic lacking in empirical research. Furthermore, based on the

li
branding theory and the consumer behavior theory, the PMO model was built, which
provided the bases for collecting empirical data needed for this dissertation. This
dissertation was conducted using a qualitative approach with an abductive reasoning.
Sixteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with Swedish customers.
In the research entitle The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the adoption of e-
commerce in China conducted by Xuwen Gao, Xinjie Shi, Hongdong Guo and Yehong
Lui. It is found that the share of confirmed COVID-19 cases increases the possibility of
consumers purchasing food online. This is more likely to be the case for young people
having a lower perceived risk of online purchases and living in large cities. Despite some
limitations, this paper has policy implications for China and other countries that have
been influenced by the COVID-19 epidemic.
In the research entitled Factors Affecting Consumers ’Internet Shopping Behavior
During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence From Bangladesh conducted by Burhan
Uddin. The aim of the study was to investigate the factors affecting consumers ’internet
shopping behavior during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in Bangladesh.
The study measured the influence of product factor, price factor, time saving factor,
payment factor, security factor, administrative factor, and psychological factor on
consumers ’internet shopping behavior during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
pandemic.
In the research entitle Effects of COVID-19 on business and research conducted by
Naveen Donthu and Andres Gustafsson. The COVID-19 outbreak is a sharp reminder
that pandemics, like other rarely occurring catastrophes, have happened in the past and

lii
will continue to happen in the future. Even if we cannot prevent dangerous viruses from
emerging, we should prepare to dampen their effects on society. The current outbreak has
had severe economic consequences across the globe, and it does not look like any country
will be unaffected. This not only has consequences for the economy; all of society is
affected, which has led to dramatic changes in how businesses act and consumers behave.
"In the research entitle Impact of COVID 19 on E-Commerce conducted by
Susmitha Kunchaparthi. E-Commerce is most considered and chosen way of purchasing
different types of products and services. Nowadays E-commerce has to be replaced with
traditional purchasing. The only reason behind is a lot of variety is available to customers
to choose their own product in fingertips from all over world. Due to this covid19
pandemic, E-Commerce business also facing some challenges which are not expected
before. This paper studies about how covid 19 impacts e-commerce business and change
in demand and buying consumer behavior all of a sudden.
In the research entitle SCALABILITY OF E-COMMERCE IN THE COVID-19 ERA
conducted by Sahana Dinesh and Dr. Y. MuniRaju. This study is aimed at understanding
the factors that are causing an increase in the e-commerce transactions and also attempts
to know the consumer behavior during the COVID- 19 pandemic. Through a survey of
195 respondents, the study found that frequency of online shopping has increased during
the pandemic period. The study suggests that both online and offline retailers have to
invest in smarter technologies and improve customer engagement.
In the research entitle Effects of COVID-19 on business and research conducted by
Naveen Donthu And Andres Gustafsson. The COVID-19 outbreak is a sharp reminder

liii
that pandemics, like other rarely occurring catastrophes, have happened in the past and
will continue to happen in the future. Even if we cannot prevent dangerous viruses from
emerging, we should prepare to dampen their effects on society. The current outbreak has
had severe economic consequences across the globe, and it does not look like any country
will be unaffected. This not only has consequences for the economy; all of society is
affected, which has led to dramatic changes in how businesses act and consumers behave.
This special issue is a global effort to address some of the pandemic-related issues
affecting society. In total, there are 13 papers that cover different industry sectors (e.g.,
tourism, retail, higher education), changes in consumer behavior and businesses, ethical
issues, and aspects related to employees and leadership.
In the research entitle CHANGING CONSUMER BEHAVIOURS TOWARDS
ONLINE SHOPPING - AN IMPACT OF COVID 19 conducted by Anupam Sharma. The
coronavirus (COVID -19) eruption is first and prime human tragedy across the globe,
affecting the lives of millions of people. It has greatly impacted the global economy. This
paper is envisioned to provide business leaders with a view on the progressing situation
and implications on the consumer as well. Every sphere is affected and impacted by the
pandemic. Before lockdown work from home created a positive shift in the trend of
online shopping. But this could not reside for a long time. Unexpected lockdown of 21
days impacted Indian online shopping and marketing trends drastically. Initially,
Coronavirus's influence on consumer buying behavior, towards brands and online tools
was largely unknown. This paper aims to reflect on different issues and perspectives of
online marketing due to COVID-19. There are still many more uncertainties to predict

liv
how the sale for the next few months will be impacting the global community, both
personally as well as professionally. This study explores the impact of the epidemic from
toilet tissue rolls to baby gear, pet food to many more daily essentials.
In the research entitle Impact of the Coronavirus on e-commerce conducted by
Rue d’Arlon. In terms of the perception of e-commerce during the COVID-19 crisis, all
respondents report a positive public perception for the sector, including a positive
political perception for most of the contributions. However, France, Belgium, Austria and
Spain report a mainly negative focus on large e-commerce players. Additionally, Italy
elaborates that part of the public has raised objections in defense of neighborhood shops
and against online shops, a sentiment voiced also by Denmark. Nevertheless, other
countries reported successful experiences of brick-and-mortar neighborhood shops that
moved online to continue to sell to their consumers.
In the research entitled Analyzing the Paradigm Shift of Consumer Behavior
Towards E-Commerce During Pandemic Lockdown conducted by Himgiri Chaudhary.
As the E-commerce industry is growing tremendously in the global market. The cheap
4G internet packages in India obviously gives a push to these industries. So, as COVID-
19 first hit in India, people got scared to go out from their homes because, in their mind,
it’s a fear of coronavirus. They even hesitate to go out to buy essential (FMCG) goods.
Panic buying also has seen and to avoid this fear of COVID-19, people are giving
preferences to the E-Commerce sites to buy essential goods and some customers are new
which signed up to buy essential goods during this Pandemic Lockdown period.

lv
Today's involvement of online retailers offers several improvements to the
community's shopping actions. The online interface makes it possible to connect with
clients and to reach them (Katawetawaraks & Wang, 2011). Wang et al. (2005) notes that
when it comes to customers, internet retailers are getting more fun for customers 24 hours
a day, 7 days a week. Applications for online retailers provide customers with further
advantages.
Furthermore, web apps help solve problems such as customer protection and quality
promises. The customer-application device relationship helps to deal with immediate
communication with the salesperson, where other persons choose not to communicate
with the salesperson (Parks, 2008). In order to use online shopping, online shopping
applications can influence customer shopping habits. In order to use online shopping,
online shopping applications can influence customer shopping habits. Awareness of
demographic trends can contribute to understanding how consumer habits influence
business dynamics in this dramatically shifted marketing setting.
On the website or online marketplace, the seller markets the product details, so the
buyer may compare the item according to their needs or desires and make a purchase
either in consultation with the seller or not. In the end, the internet influence has resulted
in three values in marketing and online shopping, which are time-saving, cost-effective
and 'best fit' to the ideal commodity (Punj,2011).

lvi
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Nature of the Study
The researchers are going to use quantitative method in the study. Data will
be collected using primary data set through the distribution of the questionnaire.
The survey method will apply the researchers with data about relationship of
covid-19 to the profit of online business in Masalukot-1 Candelaria, Quezon.
3.2 Sampling Procedure
The researchers will use different method to specify the statistical analysis of the
study. First, the researchers need to takes the total population of the respondents which
the active mutual online friends of the researchers from Masalukot-I who purchase
products or services on online in the month of May to November 2020 that have age 15-
30 years old. After gathering the total population, The researcher employed the purposive
sampling in order to get the total numbers of respondent. To descried or examine the
relationship of covid 19 to the profit of online business in Masalukot-I Candelaria,
Quezon, the researchers used level of agreement where enable to rank the contributing
factor in consumer buying behavior.
3.3 Participants of the Study

lvii
Since the study are all about relationship of covid-19 to the profit of online business
in Masalukot-1 Candelaria, Quezon. The age will range from 15-30, in this age people have
ability to sell products, to gather more mature data to be more credible and reliable from the
target respondents regarding on what is the relationship of covid 19 to the profit of online
business as follow to the survey questionnaire. The target respondents are the people, who are
mutual Facebook friends of researchers from Masalukot-1 Candelaria, Quezon, who sells on
online in the month of May to November 2020. The researchers are going to take the total
population, sample size and use purposive sampling.
3.4 Setting
The participants for this study are the residents of Masalukot-1. The
respondents are located in School View, Villa Sol, VSJ, Maria Cristina, St.
Anthony, Villa Macaria, Sitio Talaga, Sitio Dita of Brgy. Masalukot-1 Candelaria,
Quezon.
3.4 Instruments of the Study
Since the researchers need for the data from the residents of Brgy.
Masalukot-1 Candelaria, Quezon is required by researchers. The researchers will
use survey questionnaires to collect information on the relationship of covid-19 to
the profit of online business among residents of Brgy. Masalukot-1 Candelaria,
Quezon. The research questionnaire are divided into two parts:
1. Demographic Questionnaire

lviii
-demographic questionnaire refers to a form of query that reveals someone's
identification, such as the respondent's gender, age, and so on. This will help
us to evaluate the capability of respondents in answering these queries.
2. Survey Questionnaire
 Operational Cost
 Income
 Sales
The demographic question is the determination of the respondents age
and gender. This determine the ability of respondents to respond to the residents of Brgy.
Masalukot-1 Candelaria, Quezon regarding online business.
The survey questionnaire will give the researchers the full data about the
online business among the residents of Brgy. Masalukot-1 Candelaria, Quezon.
Answering “Strongly Agree”(4), “Agree”(3), “Disagree”(2), and “Strongly Disagree”(1).
3.5 Validity Testing and Reliability
Since the study is all about the relationship of Covid-19 to the profit of online
business in Brgy. Masalukot-1 Candelaria, Quezon. The researchers are going to
conduct survey to online sellers or online business in Masalukot-1 Candelaria,
Quezon to gather information on how Covid-19 affects the online business.
Through survey questionnaires the researcher will achieve the data that will
sum up the study. The survey sheet is consisting of two sections:

lix
 demographic questionnaire (for online sellers)
Name: (optional)
Age:
Gender:
Civil Status:
Demographic questionnaires for online business owners are to identify the age, and
sex of the respondents. As you can see, name is not included. This is to protect the
full profile of the respondents and to avoid judgement in a certain people.
The last part of the survey sheet is the key questions whereby it gives the
researchers to provide the data needed. The main question is divided into three parts,
this is to give the respondents a proper way on how will they answer the
questionnaires.
Main questions
 Income
1.There are many positive impacts of Covid19 that increase the profit of online
business.
2.Online business can cope up to changes of the system to gain profit through
online business.

lx
3.Online business manage to gain profit in social community by
communication online.
4.There are many negative influence of covid that affect the profit of the
online business.
5.There are many changes affect the profit of online business while
experiencing the pandemic.
6.There are many factors should be considered before selling a product to gain
profit during this pandemic.
7.There are many positive influence that affect the profit of the online
business while experiencing pandemic.
8.There many process involved in online business and trying to gain profit
while experiencing pandemic
9.There are many negative impact that decrease the profit of online business
during covid19
10.Online business use online sales to make profit this pandemic
In this section, all statements are about income or profit. This is to gather information if the profit
of online sellers has decrease or increase .It will help the researchers to have the data if it has an
impact to the profit of online seller in Brgy. Masalukot-1.
 Sales
1.There are many significance of online business in the community of
masalukot1

lxi
2.Does Covid-19 change the perspective of online business in terms of money,
time, and current events
3.Online businesss can still continue selling products through online in the
community
4.There are money different techniques and ways that online business do to
promote product
5.Many online buyers start to support the online business to help them
6.There had been an increase of product buying due to the pandemic
7.Does covid19 have any significant effect to the profit on their online
business
8.There are many challenges in online business before it becomes a success
9.Did covid19 change the perspective of entrepreneurs
10.There are different online business strategies
In this section, all statements are abouts sales. This is to gather information if the sales of online
sellers has decrease or increase .It will help the researchers to have the data if it has an impacts to
the profit of online seller in Brgy. Masalukot-1.
 Operational Cost
1.There are many buyers who spend a lot for the investment of their Online
Business
2. Online Business Costs a lot
3. Does Covid-19 change the outlook on cost
4. There are many negative comments on the cost of online business

lxii
5. I spend a lot cost on online business
In this section, all statements are about cost. This is to gather information if the cost of online
sellers has decrease or increase .It will help the researchers to have the data if it has an impact to
the profit of online seller in Brgy. Masalukot-1.
Through these statements the researchers will have the data that will give a result to
the study wherein it measures the relationship of covid-19 to the profit of online business
in Masalukot-1, Candelaria, Quezon. It will give the data about the relationship of covid-
19 to the profit of online business.
According to the different online sellers of Brgy. Masalukot I Candelaria, Quezon who are
included in the validity testing, the statements are all appropriate to their ages. It is also not
offensive and related to the research title. The method used is also appropriate which the, 4 (SA)
STRONGLY AGREE, 3 (A) AGREE, 2 (DA) DISAGREE, AND 1 (SD) STRONGLY
DISAGREE. It shows that survey questionnaire is valid and well analyzed by researchers and
adviser.
PART I: Demographic Profile
Name (optional) :
Age:
Sex:
Instruction:
Kindly put a check (/) on the table below according to your own perception

lxiii
SA- Strongly Agree
A- Agree
DA-Disagree
SDA-Strongly Disagree
PART II :
Income
Statement STRONGLY AGREE DISAGREE STRONGLY
AGREE DISAGREE
1.There are many positive
impacts of Covid19 that
increase the profit of
online business
2.Online business can
cope up to changes of the
system to gain profit
through online business

3.Online business manage
to gain profit in social
community by
communication online
4.There are many
negative influence of
covid that affect the profit

lxiv
of the online business

5.There are many changes
affect the profit of online
business while
experiencing the
pandemic
6.There are many factors
should be considered
before selling a product to
gain profit during this
pandemic
7.There are many positive
influence that affect the
profit of the online
business while
experiencing pandemic
8.There many process
involved in online
business and trying to
gain profit while
experiencing pandemic
9.There are many
negative impact that
decrease the profit of
online business during

lxv
covid19
10.Online business use
online sales to make
profit this pandemic
Sales
AGREE DISAGREE
1.There are many
significance of online
business in the
community of
masalukot1
2.Does Covid-19 change
the perspective of online
business in terms of
money, time, and current
events
3.Online businesss can
still continue selling
products through online
in the community
4.There are money
different techniques and
ways that online

lxvi
business do to promote
product
5.Many online buyers
start to support the
online business to help
them
6.There had been an
increase of product
buying due to the
pandemic
7.Does covid19 have
any significant effect to
the profit on their online
business
8.There are many
challenges in online
business before it
becomes a success
9.Did covid19 change
the perspective of
entrepreneurs
10.There are different
online business
strategies
Cost

lxvii
AGREE DISAGREE
1.There are
many buyers
who spend a
lot for the
investment of
their Online
Business
2. Online
Business Costs
a lot
3. Does
Covid-19
change the
outlook on
cost.
4. There are
many negative
comments on
the cost of
online business
5. I spend a lot
cost on online
business

lxviii
3.6 Statistical Treatment
The data collected by the researcher were tallied, tabulated, analyzed and interpreted. In order
to determine the relationship of covid-19 to the profit of online business the researcher used
the mean formula. This is the index of central tendency that is usually referred to as an
average. It is done using the formula:
M =∑ x /n
Where:
M = mean of scores
∑ = summation
x = score
n = total number of respondents
Additionally, to determine the relationship of covid-19 to the profit of online business in
terms of income , sales and cost, the weighted mean was applied.
5 f + 4 f +3 f +2 f +f
WM=
n
Where:
WM = the Weighted Mean
f = the Frequency
n = the total number of the students
For the interpretation and analysis of data, the following description employed.
Point Scale Scale range Descriptive Rating

lxix
5 4.21-5.00 Strongly Agree (SA)
4 3.41-4.20 Agree (A)
3 2.61-3.40 Moderately Agree (MA)
2 1.81-2.60 Disagree (D)
1 1.00-1.80 Strongly Disagree (SD)
Pearson R of the scores was used to find the significant relationship of the
r =n ∑ xy−¿ ¿ ¿
For the interpretation and analysis of data
Interpreting Coefficient of Correlation (Pearson’s r)
Value of r Interpretation
0.00 No Correlation
± 0.01¿ ± 0.20 Very Low Correlation
± 0.21¿ ± 0.40 Slight Correlation
± 0.41¿ ± 0.70 Moderate Correlation
± 0.71¿ ± 0.90 High Correlation
± 0.91¿ ± 0.99 Very High Correlation
± 1.00 Perfect Correlation

lxx
Chapter IV
Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data
This chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of the data gathered through the
research instrument provided for the study in determining the relationship of Covid-19 to
the profit of online business in Masalukot-I Candelaria, Quezon. The data were reflected
in the form of tables and were organized according to the research problem.
4.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of data gathered
through the research instrument provided for the study in determining the relationship of
covid-19 to the profit of online business in Masalukot-1 Candelaria, Quezon. Data were
reflected in the form of tables and were organized according to the research problem.
4.2 Presentation of Frequency Distribution Table and Percentage
1. Demographic Profile Of the Respondents
The following tables were the presentation of the gathered data with regard to
the profile of the respondents from Masalukot-I Candelaria, Quezon in terms of
sex, age, and profit that they used in online selling.

lxxi
Table 1. Frequency Distribution Table According to the Respondent’s Gender
Gender Frequency Percentage (%)
Male 6 20%
Female 24 80 %
Total 30 100%
Source: Survey Result Conducted, April 12, 2021
There are 6 or 20% of the survey are male. Meanwhile, the female respondents
are 24 that is equivalent to 80% of the total respondents of the study. The number of the
respondents are the sample size of the population. It shows the discrepancy of the male
and female respondents about the relationship of Covid-19 to the profit of online business
in Masalukot-1 Candelaria, Quezon.
Table 2: Frequency Distribution Table According to Respondents Ages.
Ages Frequency Percentage (%)

15 2 6.7%
16 5 16.7%
17 6 20%
18 8 26.7%
19 9 30%
Total 30 100%

lxxii
The table shows the range of the respondents based on their ages. There are two
respondent who answer that they are fifteen years old (15y/o). It shows that the 16 y/o
have the number of 5 or 16.7% of the sample population. The seventeen- year-old
respondent numbered 6 that is equivalent to 20% of the respondents. The other 26.7%
or 8 of respondents are 18 years old. While the 30% or 9 of the respondents are 19
years old. The 6.7% or 2 of the respondents aged 20 years. The table shows the result
of the conducted survey that most of the respondents are aged 18 and 19 years old. It
shows that the 18-19 years old are the 50% respondents of the study.
Table 3: Frequency Distribution Table According to Respondents Estimated
Income.
ESTIMATED ESTIMATED
RESPONSDENTS INCOME RESPONDENTS INCOME
1 3500 16 2500
2 2000 17 4000
3 2100 18 1500
4 1500 19 2100
5 2500 20 4500
6 1200 21 1500
7 3000 22 2500

lxxiii
8. 4500 23 3500
9. 1500 24 1500
10. 2500 25 1700
11. 1500 26 1200
12. 2500 27 1500
13. 3000 28 2000
14. 1200 29 3000
15. 1500 30 1500
AVERAGE MEAN ESTIMATED INCOME:2283.33

The table presents the average mean of estimated profit of the respondents who sell
online in a new normal from Masalukot-I Candelaria, Quezon.
Based on the result of the computation using mean, the average mean profit of the
respondents from Masalukot-I Candelaria, Quezon were 2283.3.
2. Relationship of Covid-19 to the profit of on online business
A. Table 4. Weighted Mean Distribution on Relationship of Covid-19 to the
profit of on online business in terms of INCOME
STATEMENT

lxxiv
WAM DR
1.There are many positive impacts of Covid19 that increase the profit of
online business 3.07 A

2.Online business can cope up to changes of the system to gain profit
through online business 3.27 SA

3.Online business manage to gain profit in social community by
communication online 3.33 SA

4.There are many negative influence of covid that affect the profit of the
online business 2.97 A

5.There are many changes affect the profit of online business while
experiencing the pandemic 3.5 SA

6.There are many factors should be considered before selling a product
to gain profit during this pandemic 3.57 SA

7.There are many positive influence that affect the profit of the online
business while experiencing pandemic 3.13 A

8.There many process involved in online business and trying to gain
profit while experiencing pandemic 3.3 SA

9.There are many negative impact that decrease the profit of online
business during covid19 2.76 A

10.Online business use online sales to make profit this pandemic 3.4 SA
Average Weighted Arithmetic Mean 3.23 A
Legend: 3.25- 4.00 – Strongly Agree (SA) 1.75-2.49 –Disagree (D) WAM- Weighted Arithmetic Mean2.50-
3.24 –Agree (A) 1.00-1.74 – Strongly Disagree (DA)
The table reveals the mean distributions on relationship of Covid-19 to the profit
of on online business in terms of income garnered an average weighted arithmetic mean
of 3.23 with verbal interpretation of “agree”.

lxxv
Based on the table, the statement number 6 got the highest weighted
arithmetic mean of 3.57 with verbal interpretation of strongly agree. It indicates
that online sellers should be considered many factors before selling a product to
gain profit during this pandemic.
On the other hand, statement number 9 got the lowest weighted arithmetic mean
of 2.76 with verbal interpretation of agree. It indicates that there is no negative impact
that decrease the profit of online business during covid19.
According to Pettinger (2018), profit is the surplus revenue after a firm has paid
all its costs. Profit can be seen as the monetary reward to shareholders and owners of a
business. In a capitalist economy, profit plays an important role in creating incentives for
business and entrepreneurs.
According to Brigita Go (2012), running an online business is much better than
opening a store. Selling online is indeed one of the great ways to make profits online. In
fact, it is also a great way to widen your target market and grow your business fast as
well.
Table 5. Weighted Mean Distribution on relationship of Covid-19 to the profit of
online business in terms SALES
STATEMENT WAM DR
1.There are many significance of online business in the community of
masalukot1 3.03 A
2.Does Covid-19 change the perspective of online business in terms of

lxxvi
money, time, and current events 3.67 SA

3.Online business can still continue selling products through online in
the community 3.77 SA

4.There are money different techniques and ways that online business
do to promote product 3.63 SA

5.Many online buyers start to support the online business to help them 3.6 SA
6.There had been an increase of product buying due to the pandemic 3.93 SA
7.Does covid19 have any significant effect to the profit on their online A
business 3.23
8.There are many challenges in online business before it becomes a SA
success 3.8
9.Did covid19 change the perspective of entrepreneurs 3.33 SA
10.There are different online business strategies 3.77 SA
Average Weighted Arithmetic Mean 3.52 SA
Legend: 3.25- 4.00 – Strongly Agree (SA) 1.75-2.49 –Disagree (D) WAM- Weighted Arithmetic Mean
2.50- 3.24 –Agree (A) 1.00-1.74 – Strongly Disagree (DA)
The table reveals the mean distributions of relationship of Covid-19 to the profit
of on online business in terms of sale garnered an average weighted arithmetic mean of
3.52 with verbal interpretation of “strongly agree”.
Based on the table, the statement number 6 garnered the highest weighted
arithmetic mean of 3.93 with verbal interpretation of strongly agree. It indicates that there
had been an increase of product buying due to the pandemic.
On the other hand, the statement number 1 garnered the lowest weighted mean of
3.36 with verbal interpretation of agree. It indicates there are many significance of online
business in the community of masalukot1.

lxxvii
According to the National Australia Bank online retail in Australia exceeded $29
Billion in 2019 with sales estimated to exceed A$35 billion by 2021. In 2019 online retail
sales worldwide will exceed US$3.4 Trillion. Australian eCommerce continues to grow
and represented 9% of traditional bricks and mortar retail in 2019. This leaves enormous
opportunity for new online businesses or for existing retailers to grow online.
Table 6. Weighted Mean Distribution on COST
STATEMENT WAM DR
1.There are many buyers who spend a lot for the investment of their SA
Online Business 3.37

2. Online Business Costs a lot 3.27 SA
3. Does Covid-19 change the outlook on cost. 3.2 A
4. There are many negative comments on the cost of online business 2.67 A
5. I spend a lot cost on online business 2.9 A
Average Weighted Arithmetic Mean 3.08 A
Table presents the relationship of Covid-19 to the profit of on online business in
terms of cost got an average weighted arithmetic mean of 3.08 with verbal description or
DR of “agree”.
Based on the table, the statement number 1 got the highest weighted arithmetic
mean of 3.37 with verbal description or DR of strongly agree. It indicates that there are
many sellers who spend a lot for the investment of their Online Business.

lxxviii
On the other hand, the statement number 4 got the lowest weighted mean of 2.67
with verbal description or DR of agree. It indicates that there is a negative comments on
the cost of online business.
According to Agara (2005) opines that cost control is a “ a process whereby targets
are set against which the daily incidence of cost is compared to ensure that the cost
targets are not unduly exceed”. He went furthers to butters the point that cost control,
therefore, involves all methods of limiting the frivolous and unguarded expense of
resources by managers to avoid unnecessary creation of liabilities.
Table 7. Relationship of Covid-19 to the profit of on online business
RELATIONSHIP OF WAM DR
COVID-19
Income 3.23 A
Sales 3.52 SA
Cost 3.08 A
Average Weighted Mean 3.28 SA
Table 7 presents the relationship of covid-19 to the profit of online business
The table reveals the mean distribution of relationship of covid-19 to the profit of
online business obtained an average weighted arithmetic mean of 3.28 with verbal
interpretation of “Strongly Agree”

lxxix
Two of variable received a verbal interpretation of “agree” and one variables
received a verbal interpretation of “strongly agree” . The relationship of covid-19 to the
profit of online business in terms of sales garnered the highest weighted arithmetic mean
of 3.52. This means that the respondents from Masalukot-I Candelaria, Quezon increased
the sales of their online business.
Moreover, the relationship of covid-19 to the profit of online business in terms of
income is followed of having average arithmetic mean of 3.23. The cost got the lowest
weighted arithmetic mean of 3.08. With this, the present study tried to make a
recommendations for having good and speed process in delivering to maintaining the
profit of online sellers during pandemic.
4.4 The Computations and Findings
In this research study, data was collected and analyzed utilizing quantitative methods.
Using dichotomous, it gives researchers the data needed for the study. Since the study is
all about relationship of covid-19 to the profit of online business. The respondents will
come from the total population of online business in Brgy. Masalukot I Candelaria
Quezon and the survey questionnaires will be answered by online sellers . The age of an
online seller is needed. These are set to gather more mature data from respondents
regarding on what is the significance relationship of covid-19 to the profit of online
business as follow to the survey questionnaire. The researchers are going to take the total
population.

lxxx
It includes all the computations and findings about the relationship of covid-19 to
the profit of online seller in Brgy Masalukot I Candelaria, Quezon. The statistical
treatment like Pearsons-r determined what relationship or impact of the covi-19 has into
the profit among online business in Mas. I. Using the Pearson-R it shows if the
hypotheses are accepted or rejected. The critical value is equal to 1.96 or 0.05. The
computations and findings also shows the distribution of the data from the three variables
that effects the profit of the online business in Masalukot I such as Income, Sales, and
Cost.
Table 8. Relationship of Covid-19 to the profit of Online Business in terms of
Income to the Monthly Income of Online Sellers.
RESPONDENT MONTHLY
S INCOME
x y xy x² y²
3.2 3500 11,200 10.24 12,250,000
3.2 2000 6,400 10.24 4,000,000
2.9 2100 6,090 8.41 4,410,000
3.5 1500 5,250 12.25 2,250,000
3 2500 7,500 9 6,250,000
3.3 1200 3,960 10.89 1,440,000
3.5 3000 10,500 12.25 9,000,000
3.2 4500 14,400 10.24 20,250,000
3.8 1500 5,700 14.44 2,250,000
3.3 2500 8,250 10.89 6,250,000
3 1500 4,500 9 2,250,000

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3.3 2500 8,250 10.89 6,250,000

3.4 3000 10,200 11.56 9,000,000
3.6 1200 4,320 12.96 1,440,000
3.2 1500 4,800 10.24 2,250,000
3.4 2500 8,500 11.56 6,250,000
3.1 4000 12,400 9.61 16,000,000
2.9 1500 4,350 8.41 2,250,000
3.6 2100 7,560 12.96 4,410,000
3.1 4500 13,950 9.61 20,250,000
3.3 1500 4,950 10.89 2,250,000
3 2500 7,500 9 6,250,000
2.8 3500 9,800 7.84 12,250,000
3.4 1500 5,100 11.56 2,250,000
2.9 1700 4,930 8.41 2,890,000
3.4 1200 4,080 11.56 1,440,000
3.2 1500 4,800 10.24 2,250,000
3 2000 3000 9 4,000,000
2.8 3000 8,400 7.84 9,000,000
3.1 1500 4,650 9.61 2,250,000
∑x= 96.4 ∑y= 68,500 ∑xy=215,290 ∑x²=311.6 ∑y²=
183,530,000
R= 30(215,290)-(96.4)(68,500)
__
[√ 30(311.6)-(96.4)²] [30(183,530,000)-(68,500)²]
= -0.6837 moderate correlation reject the null hypothesis

lxxxii
Table 9. Relationship of Covid-19 to the profit of Online Business in terms of Sales
to the Monthly Income of Online Sellers.
RESPONDENT MONTHLY
S INCOME
x y xy x² y²
3.5 3500 12250 12.25 12,250,000
3.8 2000 7600 14.44 4,000,000
3.6 2100 7560 12.96 4,410,000
3.2 1500 4800 10.24 2,250,000

3.9 2500 9750 15.21 6,250,000
3.7 1200 4440 13.69 1,440,000

3.2 3000 9600 10.24 9,000,000
3.7 4500 16650 13.69 20,250,000
3.9 1500 5850 15.21 2,250,000
3.4 2500 8500 11.56 6,250,000
3.7 1500 5550 13.69 2,250,000
3.7 2500 9250 13.69 6,250,000
3.7 3000 11100 13.69 9,000,000
3.6 1200 4320 12.96 1,440,000
3.2 1500 4800 10.24 2,250,000
3.9 2500 9750 15.21 6,250,000
3.2 4000 12800 10.24 16,000,000
3.7 1500 5550 13.69 2,250,000

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3 2100 6300 9 4,410,000

3.1 4500 13950 9.61 20,250,000
3.6 1500 5400 12.96 2,250,000
3.3 2500 8250 10.89 6,250,000
3.8 3500 13300 14.44 12,250,000
3.4 1500 5100 11.56 2,250,000
3.6 1700 6120 12.96 2,890,000
3.7 1200 4440 13.69 1,440,000
3.5 1500 5250 12.25 2,250,000
2.8 2000 5600 7.84 4,000,000
3.4 3000 10200 11.56 9,000,000
3 1500 4500 9 2,250,000
∑x= 104.8 ∑y= 68,500 ∑xy=238,530 ∑x²=368.66 ∑y²=
183,530,000
R= 30(238,530)-(104.8)(68,500)
__
[√ 30(368.66)-(104.8)²] [30(183,530,000)-(68,500)²]
= -0.0289 very low correlation reject the null hypothesis

lxxxiv
Table 10. Relationship of Covid-19 to the profit of Online Business in terms of Cost
to the Monthly Income of Online Sellers.
RESPONDENT MONTHLY
S INCOME
x y xy x² y²
2.2 3500 7700 4.84 12,250,000
3.4 2000 6800 11.56 4,000,000
2.8 2100 5800 7.84 4,410,000
3.2 1500 4800 10.24 2,250,000
3.4 2500 8500 11.56 6,250,000
3.6 1200 4320 12.96 1,440,000
3.2 3000 9600 10.24 9,000,000
2.6 4500 11700 6.76 20,250,000
2.8 1500 4200 7.84 2,250,000
3.4 2500 8500 11.56 6,250,000
3.2 1500 4800 10.24 2,250,000
4 2500 10000 16 6,250,000
2.2 3000 6600 4.84 9,000,000
2.4 1200 2880 5.76 1,440,000
3.6 1500 5400 12.96 2,250,000
2.2 2500 5500 4.84 6,250,000
2.6 4000 10400 6.76 16,000,000
3.2 1500 4800 10.24 2,250,000
3.6 2100 7560 12.96 4,410,000
3.4 4500 15300 11.56 20,250,000
3 1500 4500 9 2,250,000
2.6 2500 6500 6.76 6,250,000
3.8 3500 13300 14.44 12,250,000
2.6 1500 3900 6.76 2,250,000
3.8 1700 6460 14.44 2,890,000
3.2 1200 3840 10.24 1,440,000
3.2 1500 4800 10.24 2,250,000
3.6 2000 7200 12.96 4,000,000
2.8 3000 8400 7.84 9,000,000
2.6 1500 3900 6.76 2,250,000
∑x= 92.2 ∑y= 68,500 ∑xy=246920 ∑x²= 291 ∑y²=

lxxxv
183,530,000
R= 30(246,920)-(92.2)(68,500)
__
[√ 30(291)-(92.2)²] [30(183,530,000)-(68,500)²]
= 0.7996 high correlation reject the null hypothesis
Table 11
Relationship of R Interpretation
Covid-19 Value
1. Income 0.6837 moderate correlation
2. Sales 0.0289 very low correlation
3. Cost 0.7996 high correlation
OVERALL 0.67 Moderate Correlation
CHAPTER V
Summary of Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations

lxxxvi
This chapter synthesizes the results of the study. It presents the summary of
findings obtained from the data gathered, conclusions derived from the findings, and
recommendations based on the conclusions.
Summary of Findings
Based on the data gathered from the respondents, the following are the significant
findings of the study.
1. Demographic Profile of the Respondents
1.1 In terms of Sex, from the given total frequency of 30 and overall
percentage of the respondents, 6 online sellers or 20 % were males.
On the other hand, 24 online sellers or 80 % were females. The data
revealed that most of the respondents in Masalukot-I Candelaria,
Quezon who sells online were females.
1.2 terms of Age, from the given overall percentage of the respondents,
2 or 6.7% are aged of 15 years old, then 5 or 16.7% respondents ages
16 years old. Furthermore, 6 or 20% respondents aged of to 17 years
old , then 8 or 26.7% respondents aged 18 years old. . Furthermore, 9
or 30% respondents aged 19 years old. The data revealed that most
of the online sellers in Masalukot-1 Candelaria, Quezon are 18-19
years old.

lxxxvii
1.3 In terms of, Sellers Income, From the given overall percentage of the
respondents in terms of income of online sellers, there is 43.3% or 13
online sellers income of PHP 1200-1700 it is the highest percentage
in overall. On the other hand, there is 30% or 9 online sellers with a
income of PHP 2000-2500and 16.67% or 5 online sellers with a
income of PHP 3000-3500. Furthermore, 10% or 3 online sellers
with a income of PHP 4000-4500 got the lowest percentage and
frequency among of all.
2. Relationship of Covid-19 to the profit of on online business
Based on the findings, the relationship of Covid-19 to the profit of online
business in Masalukot-1 Candelaria, Quezon the garnered the average weighted mean
of 3.28 with verbal description of strongly agree.
2.1 In terms of Income, the relationship of Covid-19 to the profit of online
business has the average weighted mean of 3.23 with verbal description of
agree.
2.2 In terms of Sales, the relationship of Covid-19 to the profit of online business
got the average weighted arithmetic mean of 3.52 with verbal description of
strongly agree.
2.3 In terms of Cost, the relationship of Covid-19 to the profit of online business
got the average weighted arithmetic mean of 3.08 with verbal description of
agree.
3. Relationship between Covid-19 and profit of Online business

lxxxviii
3.1 Relationship between Income and monthly income of online business.
A statistical result of “0.6837” shows a moderate correlation and
definite but small relationship between the income and monthly income of
online sellers. Thus, there is a significant relationship between the aforesaid
variables.
3.2 Relationship between sales and monthly income of online business.
A statistical result of “0.0289” shows a very low correlation and
definite but little relationship between the sales and monthly income of online
sellers. Thus, there is no significant relationship between the aforesaid
variables.
3.3 Relationship between cost and monthly income of online business.
A statistical result of “0.7996” shows a high correlation and definite, but
better relationship between cost and monthly income of online sellers. Thus,
there is a significant relationship between the aforesaid variables.
Conclusions
In the light of the findings, the researchers arrived at the following conclusions:
1. Most of the respondents are female and have the average mean income of
PHP 2283.33.
2. Most of the respondents age are between 18 to 19 years old.
3. Most of the respondents strongly agreed that the three variables which
income, sales, and cost affects in the profit of online sellers during pandemic.

lxxxix
4. The three variables which includes income, sales, cost had very low
correlation and definite but diminutive relationship of covid-19 to the profit of
online business.
5. There is a significant relationship between Covid-19 and profit of Online
business.
Recommendations
In the life of the finding and conclusions drawn from the study, the following
recommendations are hereby offered. The aim of examining the relationship between
Covid 19 and online sellers is to see whether Covid19 has had an effect on online sales.
and that would have an effect on and may trigger a variety of problems, such as a lack of
consumers as a result.
For Online Seller
Consider the result of the study. Through the result of the study online sellers can
improve their income in the way of their sales. This research looked at some knowledge
in the online selling industry that could be beneficial to online sellers.
For Future sellers
This study will help future sellers to give them an idea and information if they
want to start a online business.
For Future Researcher

xc
The findings of this study will help future researchers who will perform similar
studies in the same context. It will assist them in gaining information and understanding
for their studies. More students can be replicated along this line of concern to further
determine the relationship of COVID -19 to online business.

xci
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Digital-Marketing--Ecommerce.htm
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Behaviour-In-Saudi-Arabia-Switching-From-Brick-And-Mortar-Stores- To-E-
commerce.pdf
http://www.fao.org/3/cb2537en/CB2537EN.pdf
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-020-00630-8

ciii
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http://ftp.iza.org/dp13411.pdf
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civ
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https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3664668

cv
APPENDIX A

cvi
April 9, 2021
(SGD) Mrs. JENNIFER D. SOTELO
Principal, GRABSUM School Inc.
Candelaria, Quezon
Madam:
Greetings of Peace and Prosperity!
The undersigned is a Grade 12 student of GRABSUM School Incorporated who is
presently working on his research entitled RELATIONSHIP OF COVID-19 TO THE
PROFIT OF ONLINE BUSINESS IN MASALUKOT 1 CANDELARIA QUEZON.
In this regard, the researcher is requesting your good office the permission to allow them
to conduct the questionnaire in their barangay with those people who purchase in online
business as their respondents.
He is looking forward for your positive response. Thank you and God bless you.

cvii
Sincerely yours,
VELASQUEZ, SHAINA D.
CABRERA, MARY JANE A.
Student Researcher
Noted by:
(SGD) ENRIQUE CELEMEN JR.
Research Adviser
Approved by:
(SGD) ENERLYN MARASIGAN
III Teacher
April 7, 2021
Sir/Ma’am:
Greeting of Peace and Prosperity!

cviii
The undersigned is a Grade 12 student of GRABSUM School Incorporated who is
presently working on his research entitled. RELATIONSHIP OF COVID-19 TO THE
PROFIT OF ONLINE BUSINESS IN MASALUKOT 1 CANDELARIA QUEZON.
In connection with this, the researcher with be needing assistance with regard to the
validation of his questionnaire necessary for his study. Knowing that you are the most fit
and capable to provide such, the undersigned has chosen and would like to ask approval
from your good office to be the evaluator.
He hopes for your kind consideration and favorable response. Thank you and God bless.
Respectfully yours,
VELASQUEZ, SHAINA D..
CABRERA, MARY JANE A.
Student-Researcher
Noted by:
MR. ENRIQUE CELEMIN JR.
Research Adviser
Approved by:

cix
(SGD) MS. ENERLYN MARASIGAN
Validator
APPENDIX B

cx
Frequency Distribution Table According to the Respondent’s Gender
6
Male =0. 2× 100=2 0 %
30
24
Female =0. 8 ×100=8 0 %
30
Frequency Distribution Table According to the Respondent’s Age
2
15 yrs. old =0.0666 ×100=6.7 %
30
5
16 yrs. old =0.1666 ×100=16.67 %
30
6
17 yrs. old =0. 2× 100=20 %
30
8
18 yrs. old =0.2666 ×100=26.7 %
30
9
19 yrs. old =0. 2× 100=30 %
30
Weighted Arithmitic Mean Distribution of Relationship of Covid19 to the profit of Online
business In terms of Profit
RESPONDENTS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 3 4 4 3 3 4 3 4 2 2
2 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3
3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3
4 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 3
5 4 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3
6 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 3 3
7 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 4

cxi
8 3 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 3
9 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4
10 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 4 4
11 2 4 3 3 4 3 1 4 2 4
12 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 3
13 3 3 4 2 4 4 3 4 3 4
14 3 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 3 4
15 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 4
16 4 4 4 2 3 3 3 2 2 4
17 2 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 2 3
18 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 2 4
19 2 3 3 4 4 4 2 3 3 3
20 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3
21 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 4
22 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 4
23 3 4 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 4
24 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3
25 3 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 2 4
26 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4
27 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
28 1 3 2 3 4 3 3 4 2 3
29 4 2 3 4 4 4 2 3 2 3
30 2 4 3 3 4 4 3 2 2 4
TOTAL 91 98 102 89 104 106 94 97 83 108
WAM 3.07 3.27 3.33 2.97 3.5 3.57 3.13 3.3 2.76 3.4
Weighted Arithmitic Mean Distribution of Relationship of Covid19 to the profit of Online
business In terms of Sales
RESPONDENTS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 2 4
2 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4
3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4
4 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 3
5 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
6 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4
7 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3
8 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4
9 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
10 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 4
11 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 4

cxii
12 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4
13 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4
14 3 3 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 4
15 3 4 3 3 3 2 3 4 4 3
16 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4
17 3 3 3 3 4 2 4 4 3 3
18 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4
19 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 3 4
20 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3
21 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 3 4
22 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 4
23 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4
24 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4
25 2 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4
26 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4
27 3 4 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 3
28 3 1 4 4 3 3 2 3 2 3
29 3 4 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 4
30 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
TOTAL 91 108 112 108 109 118 97 114 100 112
WAM 3.03 3.67 3.77 3.63 3.6 3.93 3.23 3.8 3.33 3.77

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i

GRABSUM School Incorporated Masalukot 1 Candelaria, Quezon

Republic of the Philippines

Region lV-A CALABARZON

Masalukot-1 Candelaria, Quezon

“RELATIONSHIP OF COVID 19 TO THE PROFIT OF ONLINE BUSINESS IN

MASALUKOT 1 CANDELARIA, QUEZON”

MARY JANE A. CABRERA

MS. Enernlyn Marasigan

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

GRABSUM School Incorporated Masalukot 1 Candelaria, Quezon

Name: Shaina D. Velasquez

Birthdate: November 20, 2002

Permanent Address: Masalukot 1 candelaria quezon

Contact Number: 09122895200

School/University Inclusive Date Honors

GRABSUM School Incorporated 2008 – 2021 With Honor

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

GRABSUM School Incorporated Masalukot 1 Candelaria, Quezon

Name: Mary Jane A. Cabrera

Birthdate: November 10 2003

Permanent Address: Masalukot 1 candelaria quezon

Contact Number: 09503687229

School/University Inclusive Date Honors

GRABSUM School Incorporated 2008 – 2021 With Honor

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

GRABSUM School Incorporated Masalukot 1 Candelaria, Quezon

MR. ENRIQUE CELEMIN JR.

MR. ENRIQUE CELEMIN JR MR. CEEJAY B. BUKID

MS. JENNIFER D. SOTELO

Date: _____________ Principal, High School Department

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

GRABSUM School Incorporated Masalukot 1 Candelaria, Quezon

words of advice and encouragement to finish this study.

these, we offer to you.

Mary Jane, Shaina

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

GRABSUM School Incorporated Masalukot 1 Candelaria, Quezon

would like to extend his wholehearted gratitude to the following:

MR. ENRIQUE CELEMIN JR, research adviser, for untiringly giving

assistance, guidance and patience in checking in order to have a comprehensive

MS ANGELICA PLATA, capstone adviser, for asking them to never lose

assumption and lifting our conviction to finish their research;

guiding them without hesitation;

CANNAH , CRYSTAL,JANINE, ELISABETH, AND VERONICA for giving

extreme happiness and solid brotherhood towards life;

contribute to the success of this study; and

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

GRABSUM School Incorporated Masalukot 1 Candelaria, Quezon

and for giving him blessings of life every day.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

GRABSUM School Incorporated Masalukot 1 Candelaria, Quezon

Table of Contents …………………………………………………...……….….vii

Background of the Study.…….……………………………………….....xiii

Statement of the problem…………. ……………………………......…...xiv

Purpose of the Study.………….……………………………….........xv

Significance of the study.………………….…………………….….……… xvii