Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 1

Reflexive verbs - Easy Learning

Grammar German
1 Using reflexive verbs
In German, reflexive verbs are much more common than in English, and many
are used in everyday German. Reflexive verbs consist of two parts: the
reflexive pronoun sich (meaning himself, herself, itself, themselves or
oneself) and the infinitive of the verb.

For more information on Reflexive pronouns, see Reflexive pronouns.

2 Forming the present tense of reflexive verbs


Reflexive verbs are often used to describe things you do (to yourself) every
day or that involve a change of some sort (getting dressed, sitting down,
getting excited, being in a hurry).
The reflexive pronoun is either the direct object in the sentence, which
means it is in the accusative case, or the indirect object in the sentence,
which means it is in the dative case. Only the reflexive pronouns used with
the ich and du forms of the verb have separate accusative and dative forms:

Accusative Form Dative Form Meaning

mich mir myself

dich dir yourself (familiar)

sich sich himself/herself/itself

uns uns ourselves

euch euch yourselves (plural)

sich sich themselves

sich sich yourself/yourselves (polite)

The present tense forms of a reflexive verb work in just the same way as an
ordinary verb, except that the reflexive pronoun is used as well.
Below you will find the present tense of the common reflexive verbs sich
setzen (meaning to sit down) which has its reflexive pronoun in the
accusative and sich erlauben (meaning to allow oneself) which has its
reflexive pronoun in the dative.

Reflexive Forms Meaning

ich setze mich I sit down

du setzt dich you sit down

er/sie/es setzt sich he/she/it sits down

wir setzen uns we sit down

ihr setzt euch you (plural) sit down

sie setzen sich they sit down

Sie setzen sich you (polite form) sit down

Ich setze mich neben dich. I’ll sit beside you.

Sie setzen sich aufs Sofa. They sit down on the sofa.

Reflexive Forms Meaning

ich erlaube mir I allow myself

du erlaubst dir you allow yourself

er/sie/es erlaubt sich he/she/it allows himself/herself/itself

wir erlauben uns we allow ourselves

ihr erlaubt euch you (plural) allow yourselves

sie erlauben sich they allow themselves

Sie erlauben sich you (polite form) allow yourself

Ich erlaube mir jetzt ein Bier. Now I’m going to allow myself a beer.

Er erlaubt sich ein Stück Kuchen. He’s allowing himself a piece of cake.

Some of the most common German reflexive verbs are listed here:

Reflexive Verb with Reflexive Pronoun in


Meaning
Accusative

sich anziehen to get dressed

sich aufregen to get excited

sich beeilen to hurry

sich beschäftigen mit to be occupied with

sich bewerben um to apply for

sich erinnern an to remember

sich freuen auf to look forward to

sich interessieren für to be interested in

sich irren to be wrong

to report (for duty etc) or to


sich melden
volunteer

sich rasieren to shave

sich setzen or hinsetzen to sit down

sich trauen to dare

sich umsehen to look around

Ich ziehe mich schnell an und dann gehen I’ll get dressed quickly and then we can
wir. go.

Wir müssen uns beeilen. We must hurry.

Reflexive Verb with Reflexive Pronoun in Dative Meaning

sich abgewöhnen to give up (something)

sich ansehen to have a look at

sich einbilden to imagine (wrongly)

sich erlauben to allow oneself

sich leisten to afford

sich nähern to get close to

sich vornehmen to plan to do

sich vorstellen to imagine

sich wünschen to want

Ich muss mir das Rauchen abgewöhnen. I must give up smoking.

Sie kann sich ein neues Auto nicht leisten. She can’t afford a new car.

Was wünscht ihr euch zu Weihnachten? What do you want for Christmas?

Note that a direct object reflexive pronoun changes to an indirect object pronoun
if another direct object is present.

Ich wasche mich. I’m having a wash.

mich = direct object reflexive pronoun

Ich wasche mir die Hände. I am washing my hands.

mir = indirect object reflexive pronoun

die Hände = direct object

For more information on Pronouns, see Pronouns.

Some German verbs which are not usually reflexive can be made reflexive by
adding a reflexive pronoun.

Soll ich es melden? Should I report it?

Ich habe mich gemeldet. I volunteered.

For more information on word order with Reflexive pronouns, see Reflexive
pronouns.

Key points

A reflexive verb is made up of a reflexive pronoun and a verb.


The direct object pronouns in the accusative are mich, dich, sich, uns, euch,
sich, sich.
The indirect object pronouns in the dative are mir, dir, sich, uns, euch, sich,
sich.
In the present tense the reflexive pronoun usually comes after the verb.

You might also like