BIOLOGY 1107K- Chapter 6

TERMS:
CELLS are the basic unit for LIFE

 Organelles – a sub-cellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell, much like an organ does in the body. 
 Prokaryote – single-celled organisms that do not have a nucleus or other organelles. Contains two of the three domains of life;
Bacteria and Archaea
 Eukaryote – plant, animals, fungi. Has a nucleus and other internal membrane bound organelles.
 Archaea – single-called prokaryotic cells
 Cytoplasm – interior of a prokaryotic cell, also region between the nucleus and plasma membrane in a eukaryotic cell
 Plasma membrane – functions as a selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of molecules for cell
 Nucleus – contains most of the genes in a eukaryotic cell
 Chromosome – structures that carry the genetic material
 Nucleolus – within the non-dividing nucleus, RNA is synthesized here
 Ribosome – complexes made of ribosomal RNA and protein, carry out protein synthesis
 Endoplasmic reticulum (both smooth and rough) – network of membranes, part of the nuclear envelope, network of tubules and sacs,
divided into two regions
 Golgi apparatus – the center for manufacturing, warehousing, sorting and shipping, proteins are modified and stored and sent to other
destinations
 Vesicle – small membrane sacs that transport proteins in the rough ER
 Lysosome – membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes used to digest macromolecules
 Vacuole – large vesicles produced from the ER and golgi. Found in plants and fungi. variety of functions, depending on the cell.
 Cytoskeleton – network of protein fibers that extend throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical, transport, and
signaling functions. microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments. Give the cell support.
 Microtubules – Support cell structure and provide compression resistance. organelles are carried by motor proteins along
microtubules. transport vesicles also move along microtubules throughout the cells.
 Microfilaments – also called actin filaments. smallest of the cytoskeleton proteins. rods that are 7nm in diameter. made of actin
monomers. bear tension forces in the cell.
 Intermediate filaments – create the nuclear lamina. cytoplasmic ones are found only in animal cells.found in keratin, laming,
neurofilaments.

 
Concepts:
Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Edno-membrane system and the path a protein takes from synthesis to secretion from cell
Surface area to volume ratio
Functions of each organelle discussed in class