Unidad 2 Algebra Lineal Actividad 2 Representacion Matricial Blanca Ahirely Llovera Hernandez

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Unidad 2

ALGEBRA LINEAL
Actividad 2
REPRESENTACION MATRICIAL
BLANCA AHIRELY LLOVERA HERNANDEZ

Manuel Alejandro Hernández López


ES1822034641
elhechiz@nube.unadmexico.mx
Introducción:
Realizar los siguientes grupos de ejercicios para comprender y darle repaso
a los temas que vimos en la unidad.

Ejercicio 1. Realiza la representación matricial de las siguientes ecuaciones:


a) 3x + 7y = 0
x + 2y = 0

(31 72) matriz de 2 x 2


b) 1x + 5y + 8z = 18
3x + 4y + 9z = -3
x + 3y + 6z = 0

1 5 8
3 4 9 matriz de 3 x 3
1 3 6

c) 8x + 3y = -4
y = -2
6x + 3y = 9

8 3
0 1 matriz de 2 x 3
6 3

d) 10x + 9y = 3
8y = 8

(100 98) matriz de 2 x 2


e) x+ y=5
9x – 4y = 6

(19 1
−4)matriz de 2 x 2
Ejercicio 2. Representa la matriz ampliada de las siguientes ecuaciones:
a) 4x + 8y = 5
6x + 8y = 7

4 8 5
6 8 7

b) 1x + 6y + 9z = 18
3x - 4y + 9z = -3
x + 3y – 6z = 0

1 6 9 18
3 −4 9 −3
1 3 −6 0

c) 9x + 10y = -4
5x + y = -2
9x + 5y = 9

9 10 −4
5 1 −2
9 5 9

d) 10x + 9y = 3
8y = 8

10 9 3
0 8 8

e) x+ y=5
9x + 4y = 7

1 1 5
9 4 7
Ejercicio 3. Resuelve los siguientes sistemas de ecuaciones lineales
mediante el método operaciones elementales de renglón:

a) X1 + 2X2 = 9
2X1 + X2 = 3

Representamos con la matriz ampliada

1 2 9
(Hacer 0 R12) -2R1+ R2 R2
2 1 3

-2R11+R2
-2(1) + 2 = 0
-2R12+R2
-2(2) + 1 = -3
-2R13+R2
-2(9) + 3 = -15

1 2 9
(Hacer 1 R22) -1/3 R2
0 −3 −15

R2
R2 =
−1/3
( 0)
R2 = =0
−1/3
−3
R2 = =1
−1/3
−15
R2 = =5
−1/3

1 2 9
(Hacer 0 R21) -2R2 + R1 R1
0 1 5

-2R12 + R1
-2(0) + 1 = 1
-2R12 + R1
-2(1) + 2 = 0
-2R13 + R1
-2(5) + 9 = -1
1 2 −1
0 1 5

X1 = -1 X2 = 5
Sustituyendo en ecuaciones originales:

X1 + 2X2 = 9 2X1 + X2 = 3
-1 + 2(5) = 9 2(-1) + 5 = 3
2(-1) + 5 = 3 -2 + 5 = 3

b) 2X1 + 4X2 + 4X3 = 2


-2X1 + 6X2 + 3X3 = 2
X1 + 5X2 + 1X3 = 2

Representamos con matriz ampliada

2 4 4 2
−2 6 3 2 movemos el R3 por el R1
1 5 1 2

1 5 1 2
−2 6 3 2 hacemos 0 R12 R13 (2R1+R2) (-2(R1+R3)
2 4 4 2

R2 = 2(1)+(-2), 2(5)+6, 2(1)+3, 2(2)+2 = (0 16 5 6)


R3 = (-2)(1)+2, (-2)(5)+4, (-2)(1)+4, (-2)(2)+2 = (0 -6 2 -2)

1 5 1 2
0 16 5 6 hacemos 1 R22 (1/16R2)
0 −6 2 −2

0
R2 = =0
1/16
16
R2 = =1
1/16
5 5
R2 = =
1/16 16
6 3
R2 = =
1/16 8
1 5 1 2
5 3
0 1 hacemos 0 R21 R23 (-5R2+R1) (6R2+R3)
16 8
0 −6 2 −2

5 3 −9 1
R1 = (-5)(0)+1, (-5)(1)+5, (-5)()+1, (-5)( )+2 = (1 0 )
16 8 16 8
5 3 31 1
R3 = 6(0)+0, 6(1)+(-6), 6( )+2, 6( )+(-2) = (0 0 )
16 8 3 4

−9 1
1 0
16 8
5 3
0 1 hacemos 1 R33 (8/31R3)
16 8
31 1
0 0
8 4

0
R3 = =0
8/31
0
R3 = =0
8/31
31/8
R3 = =1
8/31
1/ 4 2
R3 = =
8/31 31

1
−9
1 0 8
16
3
5 hacemos 0 R31 R32 (9/16R3+R1) (-5/16R3+R2)
0 1 8
16
2
0 0 1
31

5
R1 = 9/16(0)+1, 9/16(0)+0, 9/16(1)+(-9/16), 9/16(2/31)+1/8 = (1 0 0 )
31
R2 = (-5/16)(0)+0, (-5/16)(0)+1, (-5/16)(1)+5/16, (-5/16)(2/31)+1/8 =(0 1 0
11
)
31
5
31
1 0 0
11
0 1 0 X1=5/31 x2=11/31 x3=2/31
31
0 0 1
2
31

Sustituimos en ecuaciones:

2(5/31) + 4(11/31) + 4(2/31) = 2


-2(5/31) + 6(11/31) + 3(2/31) = 2
(5/31) + 5(11/31) + (2/31) = 2

c) 5X1 + 10X2 = 4
15X1 + 10X2 = -2
4X1 + 5X2 = 3

Representamos con matriz ampliada:

5 10 4
15 10 −2
4 5 3

Movemos renglones y utilizamos la de menor valor en cada renglón:

4 5 3
5 10 4 hacemos 1 R11 (1/4R1)
15 10 −2

R1 = ¼(4) ¼(5) ¼(3) = (1 5/4 ¾)

5 3
1
4 4
hacemos 0 R12 R13 (-5R1+R2) (-15R1+R3)
5 10 4
15 10 −2
15 1
R2 = (-5)(1)+5, (-5)(5/4)+10, (-5)(3/4)+4 = ( 0 )
4 4
−35 −53
R3 = (-15)(1)+15, (-15)(5/4)+10, (-15)(3/4)+(-2) = (0 )
4 4

5 3
1
4 4
15 1
0 hacemos 1 R22 (4/15R22)
4 4
−35 −53
0
4 4

1
R2 = 4/15(0) 4/15(15/4) 4/15(1/4) = (0 1 )
15

5 3
1
4 4
1
0 1 hacemos 0 R21 R23 (-5/4R2+R1) (35/4R2+R3)
15
−35 −53
0
4 4

R1 = (-5/4)(0)+1, (-5/4)(1)+5/4, (-5/4)(1/15)+3/4 = (1 0 -1/12)


R3 = 35/4((0)+0, 35/4(1)+(-35/4), 35/4(1/15)+(-53/4) = (0 0 7/12)

−1
1 0
12
1
0 1 el sistema es inconsistente no tiene solución
15
7
0 0
12

Referencias
Beltran, J. C., & Beltran Beltran, J. C. (20 de 02 de 2019). Algebra Lineal. Obtenido de
algebralineal.jcbmat.com: http://www.algebralineal.jcbmat.com/index.htm

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