МИНИСТЕРСТВО НА ОБРАЗОВАНИЕТО И НАУКАТА

REGIONAL OLYMPIAD IN ENGLISH – 2019

Group Three – 10th grade

Part Two
READING COMPREHENSION
Section One
Directions: Read the text below. Then read the questions that follow it and choose the best answer to
each question – A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.

Minty knew it was a ghost sitting in the chair because she was frightened. If it were only something
she’d imagined, she wouldn’t have been afraid. You couldn’t be when it was something that came out
of your own mind.
It was early evening but, being wintertime, quite dark. She’d just come home from work, let herself
in the front door, and put the light on. The ghost was sitting on a chair in the middle of the room with
its back to her. She’d put the chair there to stand on and change a lightbulb before she went out in the
morning and forgotten to put it back. Her mouth covered with both hands to keep the scream in, she
took one step nearer. She thought, “What will I do if it turns round?” Ghosts in stories are gray like
people on black-and-white television or else see-through, but this one had short, dark brown hair and a
brown neck, and wore a black leather jacket. Minty didn’t have to see its face to know it was her late
fiancé, Jock.
Suppose it stayed there so she couldn’t use the room? It wasn’t absolutely still. The head moved a
bit and then the right leg. Both feet edged back as if it were going to get up. Minty squeezed her eyes
shut. A shriek out in the street from one of the kids that lived opposite made her jump and open her
eyes. The ghost was gone. She put the light on and felt the seat of the chair. It was warm, which
surprised her. You think of ghosts as cold. She moved the chair back to where it belonged under the
table. If it wasn’t in the middle of the room, maybe he wouldn’t come back.
She went upstairs, half expecting to see him there. He could have got past her while she had her
eyes shut. Ghosts didn’t like lights, so she put them all on, and he wasn’t anywhere to be seen. She’d
loved him, thought of herself as married to him though she wasn’t, but she didn’t want his ghost about.
It was upsetting.
Still, he’d gone now and it was time for her wash. One of the things Jock had liked about her was
that she was always spotlessly clean. Of course, she’d had a bath this morning before going to work,
but that was eight hours ago, and she must have picked up all kinds of dirt from the street and the
people who came into the shop.
It was lovely having a bathroom entirely to herself. She said a little prayer of thanks to Auntie as if
she were a saint (which was a way Minty had seldom thought of her when alive) every time she went
in there. Dear Auntie, thank you for leaving me a house with a bathroom. She took all her clothes off
and dropped them in the laundry basket. It was expensive having more than one bath a day. She’d have
a shower put in when she could afford it.
Like everything else in the bathroom, the nailbrush had been Auntie’s. Minty scrubbed her nails.
She had brought this hygienic measure to a fine art. It was no good just rubbing the brush across your
fingertips, you had to insert the bristles right under your nails and move them rapidly backward and
forward. She washed her feet last, taking care to get plenty of soap between her toes, then using the
nailbrush on her toenails. It was Auntie who had said this kind of soap was disappearing from the
shops. Mark her words, the time was coming when you’d not be able to find a decent soap. It was all

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gel and essence in bottles these days, or a cake of something stuffed with rosebuds and seeds and bits
of grass. Minty wouldn’t have given you a thank-you for any of it.

1. Minty noticed the ghost when

A. she saw a chair had been moved.
B. she changed the lightbulb.
C. she realized how scared she was.
D. the evening suddenly grew dark.

2. After she saw the ghost, Minty

A. stared at his transparent image.
B. rearranged some furniture.
C. gave out a stifled shriek.
D. edged back out of the room.

3. The reason Minty went upstairs was that

A. she needed a bath, as usual at this time.
B. she was sure the ghost couldn’t be there.
C. she felt safe with the lights turned on there.
D. she wanted to remember her affair with Jock.

4. She loved her bathroom because

A. her fiancé Jock liked all things spotlessly clean.
B. she could finally afford to have a shower installed.
C. she was used to having a bath every eight hours.
D. she had never had one of her own before.

5. In the bathroom, Minty

A. was disappointed the ghost had not reappeared.
B. contemplated on personal hygiene as a fine art.
C. went through complicated sanitary procedures.
D. enjoyed the aroma of rosebud gels and essences.

Section Two
Directions: Read the text below. Five paragraphs have been removed from the text. Choose from
paragraphs A-F the one which fits each gap. There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to
use. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
Watching the Heavens: the Female Pioneers of Science
The way we look at the stars has been influenced by many women, but you may not know their
names. Many pursued their passion for the heavens long before astronomy’s old-boy network
welcomed them into the fold. Thankfully, things are changing, though women still account for only

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15% of astronomers worldwide. But as you’ll see, what they lack in numbers, these women make up
for in contributions to our understanding of the cosmos.
As the bombs fell on London during the First World War, two women kept a vigil of the night sky.
C
1. _____________

Although their names have largely been forgotten, the first female fellows of the society were
celebrated 100 years on, in 2016.
Dr Mandy Bailey is an astronomer at the Open University and a member of the RAS council. She
says Fiammetta Wilson and Grace Cook ensured scientific work on meteor observations continued
while their male colleagues were off fighting a war.
2. _____________
F

As Mrs Cook wrote of her friend in 1921, “my colleague’s dauntless spirit often enabled her to gain
success where others would have failed. She sometimes watched the heavens for five or six hours,
when only a few stars were visible amid the clouds, and her persistence was often rewarded by the
detection of fireballs.”
3. _____________
Е

Wilson and Cook opened the door to women from all walks of life to become astronomers. Prior to
their groundbreaking contribution, the RAS had granted honorary fellowship to two other famous
scientists – Caroline Herschel and Mary Somerville. However, true to the spirit of the 19th century, the
organisation had refused to allow Mrs Herschel and Mrs Somerville to become full members, arguing
that fellows were described in its Royal Charter only as “he”.
4. _____________
D

In a letter, Mrs Cook recalled a memorable night observing the sky in 1918. “It was one of the
highlights of my observing nights that on June 8th 1918 when I went out to search for slow-moving
meteors, almost at once I spotted a strange star, twinkling violently and changing colours rapidly. This
was at 9.30 pm and I was the first astronomer in England to make the earliest observation of Nova
Aquilae – a bright star in the constellation Aquila (Eagle).”
5. _____________
B

But the women of 1916 – who could have been great role models in their time – sadly have largely
been forgotten. “They were popular within astronomical circles but I don’t think they were known to
the wider public,” says Ms McLoughlin. These women kept pushing, they kept trying and gradually
won over opinions. They never gave up.”

A Mrs Wilson’s wholehearted pursuit of science during the war even led to accusations of spying.
“During the war astute special constables detected the flashlight she used for recording meteors,
and threatened her with arrest as a German agent,” Ms Cook wrote after her colleague’s death.
“With zeppelins dropping bombs in the neighbourhood, Mrs Wilson calmly pursued her vigils on
several occasions. Falling splinters from shrapnel once made things highly dangerous, but she
managed to get good records.”

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B In the past two decades, the proportion of women in astronomy has risen significantly. According
to the latest figures from the RAS, 7% of astronomy professors and 28% of lecturers are women.
“Females astronomers are still underrepresented, especially at senior levels, but we are getting
stronger every year,” says Clare McLoughlin, education, diversity and outreach officer at the RAS.
She adds that there is a big push to encourage young women to study physics at A Level,
particularly by showing them positive role models of women in science.

C Fiammetta Wilson and Grace Cook observed shooting stars – the chunks of space rock that light up
the sky as they plummet to Earth. They kept up records of meteors in what was then very much a
man’s world. In 1916, the pair were among the first four women to be awarded fellowship of The
Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) and their triumph is often described as a milestone in the
acceptance of women in science.

D The Herschel surname is historically linked to astronomy. William Herschel is known worldwide as
the scientist who discovered the planet Uranus in 1781. His son, John, continued his astronomical
work and cultivated other sciences. The only forgotten member of the family, unjustly so, was
Caroline, William’s sister, who, in her astounding over 60-year career, discovered eight comets and
assembled a catalogue of 560 previously unrecorded stars.

E It took the social change of the First World War and the involvement of women into what were
once seen as male jobs to bring change. Astronomers like Mrs Wilson and Mrs Cook had been
regarded as amateurs somewhat unfairly, as they could not join professional societies or put their
names to scientific papers. Mrs Cook herself was inspired to take up astronomy after listening to a
lecture by William Herschel’ s great grandson, who lent her a telescope and she later returned the
Text
favour by helping to plot his finds on a star map.

F “In the years between 1910 and 1920 Wilson observed somewhere in the region of 10,000 meteors
and accurately calculated the paths of about 650 of them – no small scientific achievement!” Dr
Bailey says.

Section Three
Directions: Read the texts below. For questions 1-5, answer by choosing from the three different texts
(A, B or C). Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.

In which text are the following mentioned?

 a fascination with ambitious and extravagant projects 1._______
B
 an ambivalent attitude towards the effects of economic growth 2._______
C
 a nickname not derived from a natural geographic feature 3._______
A
 use innovative strategies for economic development 4._______
B
 a second economic boom in the span of two decades 5._______
A

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 Three Economic Tigers
A
Miraculously, the Republic of Ireland jumped from being one of the poorest countries in Europe to
one of the richest in the years between 1995 and 2007. It quite justly acquired the nickname of Celtic
Tiger, which is a variation of the term “Asian Tiger” used to describe the Post World War Two
economic growth of several East Asian countries. The “Celtic” part of the nickname denotes Ireland as
being one of the territories where the Celtic language has survived.
Ireland’s economic expansion took place in the late 1990s when foreign investors rushed in drawn
by the country’s favorable tax rates. Additional reasons for Ireland’s prosperity were the country’s
accession to the European Union (EU) and its English-speaking workforce. This positive tendency
sadly ended in 2001when many internet-based companies crashed. The economic resurgence in 2004
was largely the result of Ireland opening its doors to workers from new EU member nations. The
strong growth in jobs and tourism has also contributed to Ireland’s 2004 comeback. However, by mid-
2007, in the wake of the global financial crisis, the Celtic Tiger experienced great difficulties and had
all but died.

B
Dubai staked its claim as a tiger economy following several years of double-digit economic growth
from the mid-1990s onwards. Located on the southeast coast of the Persian Gulf, the largest and most
populous city in the United Arab Emirates has quickly earned the nickname “Gulf Tiger”. The
economic boom has transformed the city from a desert village to a world class economic hub. It is also
one of the top tourist destinations in the Middle East and home to the region’s busiest international
airport. In Dubai, everything is bigger and better. From the world’s tallest building (Burj Khalifa, 828
m) to the world’s largest shopping mall (Dubai Mall, 1,124,000 m2), the Gulf Tiger loves to think of
challenges and figure out ways to meet or surpass them.
Traditionally, oil exports have formed the foundation for its economy, however, over the decades
Dubai has diversified into other areas of economic activity such as real estate, construction, and
financial services. Oil production, which once accounted for 50 percent of the emirate’s Gross
Domestic Product, now makes up to less than 1 percent as the Gulf Tiger is developing renewable
energy resources and promoting long-term environmental objectives.

C
Slovakia’s rapid development has been described as a rare example of a Western country which
matches the boom of East Asian nations. The central European state became known as the Tatra Tiger
– after the Tatra Mountain range – in the first decade of the 21st century when its economic growth
rates were among the highest in Europe.
By 2004, Slovakia’s economic growth has risen by 5.3% percent and outpaced growth in Hungary,
Austria and the Czech Republic. In 2005, the World Bank ranked the country as one of the top 20
destinations for foreign investment and named it World Reformer of the Year. The country possesses
several attributes common to the other well-known economic forces, such as economic stability, low
costs and a well-trained workforce. However, opinion polls show that despite the high growth rates,
the public does not universally approve of the reforms as they are associated with rising property
prices and high levels of unemployment.

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Part Three
USE OF ENGLISH
Section One: Banked Cloze
Directions: Read the text below and for each of the gaps 1-10 choose the letter (A, B, C or D) of the
word or phrase that best suits the space. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
Are Young People So Different Today?
We’ve all heard it said before, often accompanied by an expression of anxiety and confusion,
“Teens are just so different today!” At first 1. A. gape B. view C. stare D. glance today’s youths
might seem unlike any generation that came before, but when we move beyond the simple stereotypes
we may learn that there is a remarkable consistency among young people 2. A. despite B. nevermind
C. disregarding D. irrespective of the decade in which they grew up.
As far back as the 1940’s, when teenagers were first observed as a demographic group (and the term
“teenager” was coined), young people cited relationships, family, jobs, money and independence as the
things they most cared about. Over seventy years later, these same issues are still the most often
3. A. notified B. noted C. remarked D. regarded by teens.
Yet, no fair examination of the similarity of youth culture from generation to generation should
exclude the most obvious difference between young people today and their 4. A. ancestors
B. originators C. forefathers D. predecessors – the role of technological advancements. Being tech-
savvy and socially networked, the Millennials excercise a powerful influence on culture through social
media. We should bear in 5. A. account B. consideration C. mind D. sight that nearly half of the
world’s population is now under the age of twenty-five and within fifteen years half will be twenty-one
or younger. 6. A. Amounting B. Adding C. Comprising D. Consisting more than 1.7 billion
consumers worldwide, today’s youth population – called everything from the “Millennial Generation”
to “Generation Y”, or “The Net Generation” – is already larger than the famous Baby Boomers of the
late 1940’s and three times the size of Generation X of the 1970’s. While demographers have yet to
agree upon a/an 7. A. only B. solely C. single D. singular term that encompasses this massive wave
of youth – and definitions continue to vary. One of the ways in which Millennials can be loosely
defined is “those under twenty-one years of age”.
But how has the global network of communication technology 8. A. led B. affected C. effected
D. brought the development and expression of youth culture? Can you even imagine that 25% of
children between the ages of 2 and 5 can open a web browser and 58% know how to play a basic
computer game – a number that jumps to 70% for children in the UK and France. Those kids will
never 9. A. reflect B. remind C. remember D. realise a time before tablets, smartphones, or the
internet. They are living in a world where online and offline experiences often coexist simultaneously,
creating a 10. A. blur B. merge C. slur D. stir between real and virtual experiences. Still, tweens and
teens seem to be quite successful in maintaining relationships and even close friendships via social
media and today’s hyperconnectivity is changing the very nature of youth culture and communication.

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Section Two: Open Cloze
Directions: Read the text below and for each of the gaps 1-10 write ONE word that best suits the
space. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
Why Grammar Matters?
Grammar has long been a subject of study – as a companion to pubic speaking in ancient Greece
and Rome, as one of the seven liberal arts in medieval education together with rhetoric, logic,
arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music. 1._______
Although the methods of studying grammar have
changed dramatically in recent times, the reasons for studying grammar have remained essentially the
same. One of the most sensible answers to the question 2._______of why grammar matters appears in a
position statement on the teaching of grammar published by the National Council of Teachers of
English in the USA. Here’s how it begins:
Grammar is important because it is language that makes 3._______ it possible for us to talk about
language. Grammar names the types of words and word groups that make 4._______ up sentences not
only in English but in 5._______
any other language. As human beings, we can put meaningful sentences
together even as children – thus, we gradually learn to do grammar. But to be able to talk about how
sentences are built – this is 6._______
indeed a different skill because it requires knowledge about grammar.
And knowing about grammar offers a window into the human mind and into our amazingly complex
mental capacity.
We often associate grammar 7._______with errors and correctness. But knowing about grammar also
helps us understand 8._______
what makes sentences and paragraphs clear and precise. Grammar can be
part of literature discussions, 9._______
when we and our students closely read poetry, short stories and
novels. And knowing about grammar means finding 10._______ out that all languages and all dialects
follow grammatical patterns.

Section Three: Word Formation

Directions: Read the text below and then write the correct derivative form of the word in CAPITALS
to complete gaps 1-10. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse: Animation Better Than Life
Of all the characters in all the fictional universes, Spider-Man feels like the one least in need of
another new spin. There have been six stand-alone Spider-Man films since Sam Raimi launched his
game-changing franchise in 2002, plus three different actors playing the same Peter Parker, and the
story has been rehashed again and again with 1._________/PREDICT/
predictable boring results. “With great
power comes great 2._________/RESPONSIBLE/,”
responsibility Spider-Man’s words of wisdom have been
repeated with monotonous seriousness so many times that they sound now more like a punchline in a
joke than an important moral statement.
It’s not that I don’t love Spider-Man and his 3._________/HUMOUR/
humorous remarks. It’s that I needed a
break. I was certain the world didn’t need another blasted Spider-Man movie for at least another
generation. I was wrong.
As we all know, Spider-Man 4._________/ORIGIN/
originated from a comic book, and those that have read
the source material are familiar with its compellingly tragic 5._________/NARRATE/.
narrative But the latest

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version departs from the classic version of Peter Parker and features a bunch of alternative Spider-Men
and Women from different universes.
Our lead Spider-Man this time around is Miles Morales, an alternative superhero who’s been in the
comics since 2011. He’s not as much of a tech nerd as Peter Parker, but he’s smart and
6._________/LIKE/
likeable as he struggles to feel at home in an elite boarding school. His father being a cop
and having somewhat 7._________/REASON/
unreasonably high expectations for his son’s future isn’t making
Miles’ adolescent years any easier, either. Of course, one fine day Miles Morales is bitten by a
radioactive spider, and ... you know the drill. Or you think you know the drill because this time our
hero winds up meeting other Spider-people from parallel universes. Each Spider character is animated
in his or her 8._________/REPRESENT/
representative style: Peni Parker as anime, Spider-Ham as a Looney Tunes
cartoon, etc. If on paper it sounds overly complicated, on screen it’s surprisingly elegant. And while
the violence is mostly cartoonish, there are lots of fights that involve weapons, injuries, and even
death. Characters also flirt a little and 9._________/OCCASION/
occasionally use words like “dumb”, “crap” and
“hell”. But kids won’t fail to notice the movie’s diverse characters and clear messages about
friendship, courage, 10._________/PERSEVERE/,
perseverance and above all, the nature of power.

Section Four: Error Identification

Directions: Each sentence below contains an error in grammar or usage. The error is contained in
one of the underlined parts of the sentence. For each sentence, circle the letter (A, B, C or D) of the
underlined part that contains the mistake. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.

1. The historian’s job is not just gathering or recovering data, but carefully to evaluate historical
A B
information so that in the end a coherent vision of the past can be reconstructed.
C D

2. Although the idea of machine translation may be traced back to René Descartes’s proposition of a
A
universal language in the 17th century, the modern concept of the field is considered to have arisen
B
in 1949 when Warren Weaver published a memorandum in which he suggested that translation
C
could have been handled by computers as a kind of coding task.
D

3. What’s it like to have millions of fans when you’re ten years old? Welcome to the strange world of
A
social media superstars which lives are built around likes, but are increasingly suffering from
B C
burnout and other health problems.
D

4. Except its songs, the biopic Bohemian Rhapsody may not totally rock you: in its attempts to capture
A B

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 the charisma of Queen singer Freddie Mercury the movie is fun but entirely superficial rather than
C
trying to be as bold as its larger-than-life subject.
D

5. The past decade has seen a meteoric rise in the production of dictionaries in Britain, accompanied
A
by substantial if less spectacular progress in France and Germany: a truly remarkable phenomenon
B
not only for the number of new dictionaries published but as well for their diversity
C D
and quality.

Section Five: Sentence Completion

Directions: For each sentence below choose the word or expression that best completes its meaning.
For each sentence, circle the letter (A, B, C or D) of the word or expression that you have chosen.
Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.

1. You can borrow my laptop, I _______ it this afternoon.

A. am not needing B. am not going to need C. won’t have to need D. won’t have been needing

2. So nice to see you after all this time, Rachel! What _______ ?
A. did you do B. have you done C. have you been doing D. had you done

3. Can you email me the results as soon as you _______ anything?

A. hear B. will hear C. will have heard D. are hearing

4. Road conditions _______ much in the last fifteen years, since the government hasn’t invested
anything to renew the roads.
A. shouldn’t have improved B. mustn’t have improved
C. needn’t have improved D. can’t have improved

5. In the UK the hottest month of the year is usually July, _______ in southern Europe the
hottest period is usually in August.
A. unlike B. where C. while D. when

Section Six: Sentence Transformation

Directions: For each of the sentences below write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning
using the word given in CAPITALS. Do not change the word given. Write your answers on the
ANSWER SHEET.

1. Researchers are about to make a significant breakthrough in the field of immunology.

POINT
Researchers ________________________
are on the point of making a significant breakthrough in the field of immunology.

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2. This is Jenny’s second visit to Scotland.
VISITED
This is ______________________________________________________
the second time Jenny has visited Scotland.

3. They think that Richard’s sister lied about her college degree.
SUSPECTED
Richard’s sister ________________________________________
is suspected of having lied about her college degree.

4. This project will take us two years to complete.

COMPLETED
In two years’ time ________________________________________________
we will have completed this project.

5. The members of parliament are discussing a vote of no-confidence on the government.

BY
A vote of no-confidence on the government ____________________________
is being discussed by the members of
parliament.

Part Four
WRITING
Directions: Write an essay of about 200–220 words on ONE of the following topics. Comment
drawing upon your own experience, observations or reading. Write your essay on the ANSWER
SHEET.

1. Do you think that lyrics should play an important role in pop music? In your opinion, which
popular musical genre today produces the most meaningful messages? Give specific reasons
and examples to support your view.

2. Do you think that Artificial Intelligence (AI) can surpass human thought? Why? Why not?
Support your opinion with arguments and examples.

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 МИНИСТЕРСТВО НА ОБРАЗОВАНИЕТО И НАУКАТА
REGIONAL OLYMPIAD IN ENGLISH – 2019
Group Three – 10th grade

ANSWER SHEET

Part One
DICTATION

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Part Two
READING COMPREHENSION
Section One Section Two Section Three
1. A B C D 1. ______ 1. ______
2. A B C D 2. ______ 2. ______
3. A B C D 3. ______ 3. ______
4. A B C D 4. ______ 4. ______
5. A B C D 5. ______ 5. ______

Part Three
USE OF ENGLISH
Section One: Banked Cloze Section Two: Open Cloze
1. A B C D 6. A B C D 1. ________ 6. ________
2. A B C D 7. A B C D 2. ________ 7. ________
3. A B C D 8. A B C D 3. ________ 8. ________
4. A B C D 9. A B C D 4. ________ 9. ________
5. A B C D 10. A B C D 5. ________ 10. ________

Section Three: Word Formation

1. ____________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________ 4. ____________ 5. ____________

6. ____________ 7. ____________ 8. ____________ 9. ____________ 10. ____________

Section Four: Error Identification

1. A B C D

2. A B C D
3. A B C D
4. A B C D
5. A B C D

Section Five: Sentence Completion

1. A B C D
2. A B C D
3. A B C D
4. A B C D
5. A B C D

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Section Six: Sentence Transformation

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3. …………………………………………………………...………………………….. .

4. ……....…………………………………………………...………………………….. .

5. ....…………………………………………………………………………………… .

Part Four
WRITING
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