SALAZAR, WINCY FAITH S.

BSN 2 - A

NUTRITION & DIET THERAPY

Explain the process of digestion (Parts, Organs, and Functions) with a
minimum of 150 words.
The body uses the digestive mechanism to digest the food into a
substance that can be consumed and used for heat. Digestion starts in
the mouth and ends at the anus. The mouth is the beginning of the
digestive tract. The salivary glands get active as we see and smell food
after eating, chewing the food into quickly digesting pieces. The saliva
mixes with the food to begin to break it down into a form that our body
can absorb and use. When swallowing, the tongue passes the food into
the throat and the esophagus. The esophagus receives food from the
mouth when we eat. The epiglottis is a small flap that folds over the
windpipe as we swallow to prevent choking (when food goes into your
windpipe). A series of muscular contractions within the esophagus called
peristalsis delivers food to the stomach. The stomach holds food while
mixed with stomach enzymes. These enzymes continue the process of
breaking down food into a usable form. Cells in the stomach's lining
secrete strong acid and powerful enzymes responsible for the
breakdown process. When the contents of the stomach are processed
enough, it discharged it into the small intestine. The small intestine
breaks down food using enzymes released by the pancreas and bile from
the liver. Peristalsis also works in this organ, moving food through and
mixing it with digestive juices from the pancreas and liver. The pancreas
secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum that break down protein,
fats, and carbohydrates. The pancreas also makes insulin, passing it
directly into the bloodstream. Insulin is the chief hormone in your body
for metabolizing sugar. The liver process the nutrients absorbed from
the small intestine. Bile from the liver secreted into the small intestine
also plays an important role in digesting fat and vitamins. The liver is the
body's chemical "factory." It takes the intestine's raw materials and
makes all the various chemicals the body needs to function. It also
detoxifies potentially harmful chemicals. It breaks down and secretes
many drugs that can be toxic to the body. The gallbladder stores and
concentrates bile from the liver and then releases it into the duodenum
in the small intestine to help absorb and digest fats. The large intestine,
or colon, is responsible for processing waste to empty the bowels is easy
and convenient. Stool, or debris leftover from the digestive process, is
 SALAZAR, WINCY FAITH S. BSN 2 - A

passed through the colon through peristalsis, first in a liquid state, and
ultimately in a tangible form. As stool passes through the colon, it
removes the water. The stool is stored in the sigmoid colon until a "mass
movement" empties it into the rectum once or twice a day. The rectum
receives stool from the colon and informs us that a stool to be
evacuated and hold the stool until evacuation happens. The anus is the
last part of the digestive tract. It is surrounded by sphincter muscles that
are important in allowing control of stool.

Name the 6 essential nutrients and its primary functions.

There are six essential nutrients required for the body to function
and maintain; [1]Carbohydrates supplies our bodies with the primary
energy source. [2]Lipids carry vitamins throughout our system, insulate
and protect vital organs, protect our body from cold temperatures.
[3]
Proteins are needed for the growth, maintenance, and repair of
tissues. It also controls blood circulation, breathing, and digestion.
[4]
Water carries nutrients into cells and wastes out of the body.
[5]
Vitamins are required in small amounts to help regulate body
functions. It allows our body to use other nutrients, store and use energy
and fight infection. [6]Minerals control essential chemical reactions in the
body. It is needed in small amounts to help keep bones strong, teeth
healthy, blood healthy.
 SALAZAR, WINCY FAITH S. BSN 2 - A

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

What are the contents of a Public Health Nurse bag?

The contents of the PHN bag are paper lining, extra paper for
making waste bag, plastic/linen lining, apron, hand towel, soap in a soap
dish, thermometers (oral and rectal), 2 pairs of scissors (surgical and
bandage), 2 pairs of forceps (curved and straight), disposable syringes
with needles (g. 23 & 25), hypodermic needles (g. 19, 22, 23, 25), sterile
dressing, cotton balls, cord clamp, micropore plaster, tape measure, 1
pair of sterile gloves, baby’s scale, alcohol lamp, 2 test tubes, test tube
holders, and the solutions of betadine; 70% alcohol; zephiran solution;
hydrogen peroxide; spirit of ammnonia; ophthalmic ointment; acetic
acid; benedict’s solution.

Recall and state the steps in performing CHN bag technique with its
corresponding rationale.
[1]
First step is to place the bag on the table lined with a clean
paper upon the arrival at the patient’s home. The clean side must be out
and the folder part, touching the table. It is to protect the bag from
getting contaminated. [2]Second is to ask for a basin of water or a glass of
drinking water if tap water is not available. It is to be used for hand
washing. [3]Third is to open the bag and take out the towel and soap. It is
to prepare for hand washing. [4]Fourth is to wash hands using soap and
water, wipe to dry. It is to prevent infection from the care provider to
the client. [5]Fifth is to take out the apron from the bag and put it on with
the right side. It is to protect the nurse’s uniform. [6]Sixth is to put out all
the necessary articles needed for the specific care. It is to have them
readily accessible. [7]Seventh is to Close the bag and put it in one corner
of the working area. It is to prevent contamination. [8]Eighth is to
proceed in performing the necessary nursing care treatment. It is to give
comfort and security and hasten recovery. [9]Ninth is to clean all things
that were used and performed hand washing after giving the treatment.
It is to to protect the caregiver and prevent infection. [10]Tenth is to Open
the bag and return all things that were used in their proper places after
cleaning them. [11]Eleventh is to remove apron, folding it away from the
person, the soiled side in and the clean side out. Remove apron, folding
it away from the person, the soiled side in and the clean side out. Place
 SALAZAR, WINCY FAITH S. BSN 2 - A

it in the bag. [12]Twelfth is to Fold the lining, place it inside the bag and
close the bag. [13]Thirteenth is to Take the record and have a talk with
the mother. Write down all the necessary data that were gathered,
observations, nursing care and treatment rendered. Give instructions for
care of patients in the absence of the nurse. [14]Lastly is to make
appointment for the next visit (either home or clinic) taking note of the
date and time. It is for follow up care.