LAND SURVEYING TECHNICAL MANUAL FOR REGISTERED LICENSED SURVEYORS 01 June 2015,FOREWORD ‘The Survey Act has been certed and published in the gazette of the Demosratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka on the a of October 2002, One ofthe stated objectives of the Acts, “TO [REGULATE THE CARRYING OUT OF LAND SURVEYS" ‘Mare than a decade has gone by and now a set of REGULATIONS under the Act Is ready for Publishing. At ths stage the Regulations are being published as a "ral Run” so as tobe able to "monitor the progress in al parts of the country. In short these Regulations will encourage the members of the Survey Profession to attend to their professional work in @ more unform ‘manner anda the same time maintain standards and secrecy. ‘The efforts and sacrices mate by many wit regard tothe drafting ofthese Regulstons, which hasbeen time consuming but meticulous, go down in econ, witha deep zene of grettude ‘My appreciation in this ragadis extended to: ‘+The Surveyor Generals ofthe past decade ‘+ AllSenior Officers of the Survey Department 1 Office searers and members ofthe Surveyors’ Institute of Si Lanka + Office Bearers and members of the District Associations of Repstered Ucenced Surveyor. ‘Past and present Members ofthe Land Survey Cul ‘The Regulations ae secing the light of day ater prolonged dscusion and deliberation with ll, the stake-olders, and | fervent belive that this would benefit all members of the Suvey Profession n particular andthe country at eee ‘Wit further sophistication in instrumentation and methodology nthe future, improvements to standard and accuracies could be achive. Allo sin the rofesion, | believe, owe a esponsibility tothe selety at large, in providing high ‘ual land information products and series, through our professional raining, qualications, ‘experience and further strengthened by profesional etic. The regulations would te an added asset to allo sin the profession towatds ging the saietya better tomorrow. PAA. Udayakantha Surveyor General /Chakanan ofthe Land Survey Counc Surveyor General's Office Colombo S| 20! March, 2015CONTENTS. 1.0 General. 2.0. Principles. 3.0. Methods of Surveys. 4.0. Linear measurements/Distanees. 5.0 Angles/Bearings. 6.0 Meri 7.0 Standards and Accuracy: 8.0 Horizontal Controlinnn 9.0. Vertical Control:... 10.0 Computation of Areas: 11.0 Measuring and Recordi 120 Definition of Boundaries: 13.0. Re-Survey of Property Boundaries: 140. Bq 15.0 Maintenance of Field Notes: 16.0. Survey Operations: mum 17.0 Preparation of Plan: 18.0. Subsequent surveys in cadastral survey area: 19.0 Documentation to Maintain by RLS: ment used for Surveys: 20.0. Interpretation...APPENDICES 1. Conversion Factors. 2. Parameters Related tothe National Geodetie Control Network and National Grid Co-ordinate system 3. Type of Monuments used for Control Points by Survey Department: (For information of RLS). Specimen EDM Field book page 6 Specimen for Feld Book Page fora Theodolite survey 8 STANDARD ABBREVIATIONS USED IN STANDARD PLANS, 9. Specimen Plan of Registered Licensed Surveyor. 10, Request fora Surve 1, Request of subdivision/a 12, Request of subdivision/amalgamation of lands of single ownership without qamation of lands with Tile Certtieates.. “Title Certificates. 13. 15, Request digital data required 10 attend 16, Request for last lot particulars 17. Speciman Cadastre Map 18, Description of Lan 19, Surveyor’s Report of Subsequent of Cadastral SUrVeyS.nenmnnnnn 20, Surveys for subdivisions or/and amalgamation in Cadastral Map Examination notes by Survey Departmen1.0 aa 12 13 2.0 2a 22 23 24 General Following are the Technical specifications issued to all Registered Licensed Surveyors Surveyor General shall Issued technical specifications in instances where problems arise on any matter that is not covered by these technical specifications with regard to methods, accuracy and standards of any type of land surveys Replstered Licensed Surveyors shall follow these technical specifications when carrying out alland surveys Principles Land Surveying shal be carried aut with such equipment and by such methods as will attain the standards and accuracy prescribed herein under the Survey Act 1No.17 of 2002, and shall be the duty of every Registered Licensed Surveyor {hereafter referred to as RLS) at all Umes to apply such checks and tests to his work as may be necessary to achieve those standards [ATLS shall make comprehensive fleld notes atthe same time of the surveying _and shall maintain them according tothe standards lad down In seetiontS. ‘A RLS engaging In Land Surveying shall make himself conversant with the provisions of the Survey Act and al other relevant Legislative Enactments/Acts, Regulations, Technical Manuals knowledge of which is necessary to enable him to elficently discharge his duties asa ALS. [A RLS must measure boundaries by the most dct method that fs reasonable and practicable.3.0 Methods of Surveys ‘Any appropriate method from the folowing method of surveying may be usee without violating the basic principle of surveying. 1) Chainsurveying |) Theodolte with chain or EDA / Total station Surveying 1H) Plane Table Surveying 6) Photogrammetry Sprit Leveling /Tehodolteheighting / i) Surveys done with Global Navigation Saale System {GNSS) Wi) Data erection from Satelite / UAV imagery ix) Any other airborne sensor method 3] Any combination of above methods or 4M) Any other appropriate method to meet the requirements 4.0 Linear measurements / Distances Linear measurements shall bein metrc units. (See Appendix 1 for conversion factors) Corrections, where necessary, shall be applied tothe linear measurements as applica 5.0 Angles / Bearings ‘Angles/Bearings shall be measured in degrees, minutes and seconds of an arc Corrections, where necessary, shall be applied tothe measured Anges/Bearings6.0 Meridians Al surveys done for transfer of owmership or change of boundaries of and parcels Including Acquistion Surveys and large scale development surveys shall be connected to the National Grid Co-ordinate System. However, where control points with respect to National Co-ordinate System are not accessible, surveys may be done on magnetic meridian (See Appendix? for the parameters related to the National Geodetic Conroh 7.0 Standards and Accuracy: Necessity for the highest practical accuracy has to be strongly impressed upon the lS. |n certain instances no means exist by which errors can be immediately detected, Therefore, RLSs who are engages in land surveying should apply sufficient checks and re- checks on their work to ensure that the required standards and accuracies are maintained. 8.0 Horizontal Control B1 Conventional Taverses 8.1.1 Limits of error of angular Closure (0) The maximum angular eror allowed for each cass of traverse fas follows: (2) Forprimarytraverses 1! (b) —Forsecondary traverses 2" (6. Fortertary traverses 7 (4) Forallother traverses = 3" Note: Bearings of primary and secondary traverses will be determined by the Included angle method with measurements of 8 zeros and 4 zer0s rospectively 8.12 Distribution of Angular Misclosures: 8.1.2.1 Angular misclosures, which are within the allowable mits, shall be distributed proportionately based on the number of lines In the traverse unless there is a {00d reason tothe contrary.813. other specifications: Traverses Primary ‘Secondary | Tertiary ‘Allother | Detail “angler [Nearest one | Nearest0 [Nearest [Nearest | Nearest Bookings | Second seconds | Minute Minute | Minute Tanaratin | Every 20stations |Every20 | every20 | Every20 | Every 20 direction | interval stations | statlons—_—| stations __ | stations interval interval Interval | interval Baring | Tel" order [Primaryor | Secondaryor |Terllaryor_| Detail or point GNss control | higher hiaher bigher | higher accuracy | Points order/2or | order/3'or | order/3"* | order/3* higher order | higher order | or higher | orhigher GGNsS.control | GNSSControl | order GNSS | order GNSS. Points points control | controt Points | Points Tlating | Primaryor | Secondaryor [Teriaryor [Tertiary or | Tertiary or Point higher order/s" | higher order/ | higher bigher | higher order Gnss | 3"orhigher | order/3"ar | order/3% | order/3"* Control Points order Gnss | higherorder | or higher | or higher Control Points | GNSS Control | order GNSS | order GNSE Points control | control Points | Points anale (Geenoteunder |(eeenate | Both One ‘One observation | Para7.2.11) | underPara | directions | direction | ctrection 7210 i8.1.4 Unear Measurements 8.1.4.1 Linear measurements for conventional traversing should be as follows Traverse Primary [Secondary | Tertiary | Allother | Detail Gaining | Both Both Both one One Directions | directions | directions _| direction _| direction The os7avm fosram |osraym |- - permissible | where mis | where mis | where mis dlscrepancy | thedistance | the distance | the distance nem ofatinein | ofatinein | of atinein between” | meters [meters | meters and2" chaining Standard | Tobe Tot Not Wot Not Correction | applied [necessary _| necessary _| necessary | necessary slope Degrees& [Degrees | Degrees & | Degrees & | Degrees & correction [minutes | minutes | minutes | minutes _| minutes other Tobe Tobe Tobe [Tobe [Tobe corections | applied | apalied | applied | applied _| applies Chain length | Third Second [Second Second | Second bookingsin | decimal | decimal | decimal | decimal decimal matre up to LS Limite of eror of Closure in Co-ordinates {8.1.5.1 The maximum error allowed for traverses will be calculated from the formula CAR meters, where K wil be the length of the traverse in kilometers error is given in meters. The value of C willbe as follows: 8) For Town Survey Primary Traverses b)_Forother Primary Traverses ©) Por Town Survey Secondary Traverses 4) Porother Secondary Traverses ©) For Town Survey Tertiary Traverses 32 048 oe 079 079 8) Forother tertiary traverses and close eres traverses-1.27 8) Forall other detail traverses 1588.2 National standards for Control Traversing Im any selected survey area where contral traversing Is necessary, ation shoud bbe taken to establish horizontal geodetic control points using GNSS with a density of 2km or less. Therefore the maximum distance of a traverse shall be limited to 3km. Appropriate type of traverses should be used and established Using the technology and instruments as per the para 3.0. However the class of control may be selected to suit the requirements of the clients for surveys cared out. Accuracy of the control survey carted out for cients other than the government can be selected according tothe need ofthe client. Control Traversing Accuracy First order traverse point 150,000 ‘Second order traverse point 730,000 Third order traverse point £20,000 ‘Schedule 82.1. Usage of Monuments for Taverse Control Points: There are three levels of traverses namely, Fist Order, Second Order and Thicd Order. For each level of traverse point a specific type of monument should be sed to maintain required accuracy as given in Schedule 1 ‘Order ofthe Control Paint ‘Types cf Monumentstobeused | ist Order averse point | 76,8, 82, 63 ‘Second Order iaverse point 26,81, 82,63 Thiel Order traverse point ‘6,81, B2, BS and 8 ‘Schedule 2 8.2.2. Angular measurements and linear measurements of Total Station traverses: Angular and linear measurements of total station traverses should be booked as Per Appendix 4. Specification for angular and linear measurements, permissible discrepancy should be as pr Schedule 3, 823. Spectications for Control Survey Traverses In general maximum precautions should be taken in making linear and angular ‘measurements inorder to maintain high standards of accuracy, Requirement of the Survey decides the Order ofthe traverse to be run, Following specifications shouldbe followed to achieve accuracies of traverses in each category.4.2.4 Traversesin each order to be run as follows Teaverse Start End Forder “Tertiany GNSS ‘Tertiary GNSS. 2 Order | Tertiary GNSS oF I order | Tertiary GNSS or T* order “raverse Station Traverse Station a Order | Tertiary GNSS or I" order | Tertiary GNSS or T* order ‘Traverse station or 2" order | Traverse Station or 2” order [ks Traverse Station “eaverse Station In general maximum precautions should be taken in making near and angular ‘measurements in order to maintain high standards of accuracy. Requirement of the Survey decides the Order ofthe traverse to be run. Following speciatlons shouldbe fllawed to achieve accuracies of traverses in each category. 825 Distribution of Coordinate Misclosure: Distrioution of coordinate misclosure is allowed only i tis within the allowed limits, The error allowed will be in metres on applying the Cv (K- length of ‘traverse in km) formula. Error obtained shall be determined by the fllowing formula "The square root of the sum ofthe squares ofthe differences in latitude land in departure’. Linear misclosure shall be distributed according to the Bowditch Rule, For the value of Cs per Schedule 3 83 Connecting Surveys to National Grd (When required by the nature ofthe work) \Whole expectation of this activity Isto ensure proper identification of land at @ subsequent time ifthe land surveyed Is more than two hectares, the survey has to be connected direct to National Grid by connecting to existing traverse or @ survey. in other cases following methods are allowed in order to reduce the complexity of activities, 1. the survey is caried out in an atea which has been already surveyed, connecting the new survey to ald survey by a direct connection or by a fation is required. 2. Im an unsurveyed area or Ina main area of a Topo Survey, one of the following methods can be used to connect the survey to national gd In a less precise manner. Connect to an old traverse, survey I. Get coordinates of one or two defined points on boundary or inside the land in order to fic to national grid by a simple GPS equipment or ‘a smart phone with GPS positioning capability 4, Mack the land in a satelite image (ike google or bing map) iv. Mark the relative lacation of land on 1:10,000 sheetDesepion Type of Conve Taveses Fore] order | Sone ] Tour station deiat_| Trgaar Oberon ° F 7 oF curacy nearest [iis ciosng ror iit [307 F F x | Method of Arguar | tached ange | —tdwied | Trckaded | Asmat E|__“neasurements ‘sna | “ange 3 | —Womberofseros ay] (FSO | ar ase | 2 3 so 20's | o0%.138% | (0.90% 4 | Nunperotaeos = 2 i 2 Faces, 2 2 2 © ecaevofmeanafi | 2a ze [aie Vix Sd devofmean of 8° sar [aa aton spacing (m) ensm —| —100300 —| ~s0100 Tengihimeasurements | Dualdrecion | oval | Dust | One direion | drecton | arecton Fernie Dicenoney® | Sm Sm] Sm | Not tim between mean of /R spplabie | WacSeddevofmeanafait | 5mm sam [Sr 3 | mesurement § | Standord Correction Yes Yes Yes 5 | romperatre aPresueto 3 | beteaarthetmeot 3 baevation inarument &Touet Want | Yes i a Accra ofiatrunent& “aget Height s:0mm_| 210mm _| 210mm azarae ofTemperotre [3° are] sre Tccuracy of Pressure | =S mbar |= smbar_| = 5mbar ‘Az cont Zosiaions | 75 Stations | 30siatons Tintemedata Tertiary GAS o be esabIshed hve of exceeding above it Tecioste SWiNenoot] OWN | 20 N g Sine | noofsins | isnot e Sine § | wstcoreton ve Te Yer Goorin cs its a7 os a Vale of (one Kerth of ‘ravers nk) ‘Schedules9.0 Vertical Control: 94 Datum ‘Mean Sea Level is the datum of the Geodetic levelling of Sri Lanka and all levelling should be connected to it, An arbltrary datum may be used only for isolated work depending onthe requirement and should be specific onthe plan 9.2. Classification of Level lines: “The monument types and specifications for Geodetic leveling to be used are described in Appendix 3 pages 1t04 9.2.4. Primary leveling PL Geodetic Primary Leveling network of Sri Lanka was established by precise levelling. Information i uly described in volume | ofthe Report on the Geodetic Leveling of Ceylon. The descriptions and values of Fundamental and Primary benchmarks are published in volume I ofthe Report. 92.2 Secondary Leveling SL Secondary Leveling Is leveling of precision level fines run along important roads to break down the Primary Net, starting on primary benchmark and cosing on ‘benchmark in primary level line or benchmarkin other secondary level line. 9.2.3. Tertiary Levelling -Th ‘Tertiary Levelling is leveling by either precse or ordinary methods level ine run along slightly less important than secondary lines starting and closing on ‘benchmark of primary, secondary, or other tertiary ins.9.24 Minor Levelling — MIL 93 5 Minor leveling is leveling of short lines by ordinary methods to break down the ‘et formed by primary, secondary, or tertiary lines or to connect eny smal Scheme of leveling to the level Net. ‘Minor tines will not exceed 12 km in length in lat county, Minor lines should be in every case start and close on benchmarks of Type € or higher order: Detall Leveling - DL Detail eve ines wil break down the level net further in order to enable the RLS ‘0 decide in which direction the spot height lines should be established. Detail leveling is leveling for spot heights and of all detall. These level ines should not ‘exceed Skim in length. Predise Leveling Required difference of stadia hair readings and back and fore leveling differences in primary leveling and Secandary levelling with standard Precise Level equipment are given In Schedule a. Must not exceed Condition otAgreement — | = ae The derence of dla ha readings | 0,006086m | 0012182 m The diferenceofevel har readings ‘on one staff (back and fore) peoeem Pearce difference of the sum of the Sadia hair and the sum of the level hair | 0.001057 m | 0.003524m reacings “The sada dance am am ho discrepancy between back and fore leveling for each section andfor| o.0n2z6vem | 0.00886¥m each ine Schedule @ ‘The limits of errors remain unchanged in conventional methods too, Primary Secondary Where, kis the total length of evel in in Kilometres. 109.4 When Distal precise lavele are use for Primary and Secondary leveling with bar coded staves, the fore and back levelling differences must not be exceeded as siven in Schedule 5. Condition of Agreement Primary Secondary Diferance between Fest observation level diference and Second observation level | 0.00005m | 0.0001m ditterence “The stadia distance am Gm “The discrepancy between Fore and back leveling foreach section and for each tine _|°OO270¥K™ | 0.00586¥Km ‘Schedule § ‘where Kis the total ength of the level line in km, 9.5 For the Tertiary, Minor and Detail levelling following standards of accuracy must bbe maintained. Umit of errr of tine closure: ~ Tertiary «0.006 Minor 010vk Detail 024k "Where k the distance between starting point and closing point ofthe level tne in kilometres Detail eveling for observations of spot heights: Error allowed is 002 metres for ‘every ktometre or part thereof. In tertiary leveling the sights should not exceed 60m and the back and fore sights should not differ by more han 2m (20m). The difference of the wo stadia hait readings on each staff should not differ by more than 0.021m. In other classes of leveling, sights may be of any length which ean be provided the readings of accuracy to 0.003m, and back and fore sights should be approximately equal to Fixed end deni boundar petal ore ‘oT (en) cieaia Taree ‘Speatatons Tasae od et erg Siam ‘Minna ent of a dal waver Tae 30m Sx eng a eal avers le 730 Minimum argh fase shoo Gel pol ia, Manu enh ofa siesta al pone {00 amir lengh ofan oft to = Si poet “3m (po blige ofits allowed) Dai wavene closers Fcor a ees F teres length in lone ae ‘Arle mess ‘Whole dl bering Aint contol 20 ns ‘Azinth close minutes{lass 2 -Plannimetrc positional uncertainty (og) in this class is Sem, Table 2 Equation to determin Cass accuracy and the speciation to be adhered to achieve this securacy level Tena avor wer calelaion bed on oqunan’Varea x og x whew ae ince (an nnn carina each deta pot on the Boudry of land pre init lamest ance (ay of a ell pont on irl boundries or mix of fined and gene! | Penis eror inate (n> founds er ident Ted Hounds 0.5m (15em) ara varea ‘Speciatons Taser an rat oan eos Siem Minima enh of dea waver Tae 2m Maman yg of deal waves ie 7308 Mini eth of sie soto deta pit ae iki leno side shri a di pone Tom Maximu lengih of a fst a al poe “So btqe offen slowed ‘eta tere clrenes Fistor eas, Koa) trves ena in ones eee ‘Ange metnrenen! ‘Whale cle ang Aina eno 20 ‘Aint eos Snes {lass Plannimetrie positional uncertainty In this cass depends on the positional accuracy ofthe hand-held GPS device and nature ofthe boundaries is relevant in adapting this equation. ‘Table 3 Equation to determine Cass accuracy and the specication to be adhered to achieve this acuracy evel Pemisible eror fea selon ia surveys eared cat for RecomaaNee uO od loposrapie mag ung wi ang hld GPS Ponies | fant SAS oTATRITOR ET “Yared x Yo where aca a quae tes (and Pemisiblecrorin aca (a®) | Pamime ocumey of dtl point on the boundary and paval rns 10.3 Establishment of boundary points Boundary points should be established to a positional accuracy of atleast + 7.5 ‘emin a cadastral map area ona subsequent survey. The same positional accuracy should also be maintained in establishing new points or re-establishing missing, boundary points in surveys falling under other categories. 2104 Area calewation 10.8.1 Use of decimal places in area ofa land parcel ‘Cass | Ro af dial places a oat eae curacy ‘eetare) Upt0 809571207 @A-OR OF) 1 [fest cinas ‘Greer 893.7120 9° GA -OR OP) orem {Upto 2.2801 ORAROP) Fou (04) cecal “Gener tan 2003-4280 (4-2) The (0) deviate Three (05) dein or ier Notint Im | dapending onthe reqemcn | the eet eel fi war 10.4.2 Adaptation ofthe area ina land parcel Following criteria should be adapted in comparison of the area of the same ‘identical land parcel based on a new survey with the existing area ofa previous surveys |. If the difference in area betweon the new survey and the previous suey is “within the permissible error given by the equation (some pre-calculated values ‘are depicted in Section 4 inthis circular, previous area must be adapted 3s the area ofthe new survey. 4, Hf the diference obtained is outside the permissible eror allowed forthe aea of the new survey ofthe land parcel, relevant area of the previous survey must bbe re-ascertained todo the fllowing: 8) IP the atea of Lot X of the previous survey is found to have a significant difference afer digital re-computation and the re-computed extent of Lot X in the previous survey is within the permissible error compared to the new survey, re-computed cxtent must be accepted and the siatement “Extent amended from X.XXXX to Y.YYYY after digital r-computaton of Lot X” should be made on the remarks column of the tenement list only if there is no significant boundary deviations on a fuer verification by way of a ‘raphieal Comparison of the boundaries of the newly surveyed land yarcel ‘with that of previously surveyed same land parcel (b) IF the area of Lot x of the previous survey is found to have no signifcant sifference afer digital re-computation, area of the new survey must be accepted and the statement “Extent amended ffom X.XXKX to V.YYYY ster resurvey and digital computation” should be made on the remarks comma of the tenement list, 14Some pre-calculated values for permissible errr for Class 1 and Class! accuracy levels, teresyetrnc) ‘Permissible error (Gye) in square meters () = aecrncran | SESE | ie | ee 0.1061 xVarea 0.2121 «Varea r a a asi 7 Sai ra me = fae a a : 2 sono 2 on fa a a sal = ima 7S a = 2 = Stas : TaRARROA | aesse0 = a zara | are Si —] : opr) | eo = in : a ae 75 / aaa (me Ton me —a a ae Taner eo |S sa mene | ee | oe as 800 (5A-OR-OP)_ -20234,2800 15.09 3038 Tatiana) | eoenseo) [aaa i 2am oo) | ens aa00 2038 wom ‘mentary | tantaene [sear ra a oe natok asian | BIE EZ 3514.0 Measuring and Recording: 11.1 Measuring of Boundary Points with conventional equipment The maximum length of an offset must be 10 metres. Offsets may be taken at such intervals, as may be necessary to accurately determine the beundary. A bearing and distance shall be measured for offsets over 10 metres from the traverse line, In addition a rectangular offset shall be taken as a check on the bearing and the distance, Any bearing and distance observation madeto a point ‘on the boundary or boundary-mark shall not exceed 15 metres when theodolte ‘and the tape are used, Howaver In exceptional circumstances the RLS nay adopt any suitable method provided that sufficient checks are taken to ensure elimination of errors 11.2 Offset Bookings In all definite boundaries both lengths along the survey line and ofits shall be booked to 0.01 mete, 12.3 Measurement of Boundary Pe iswith electronic equipment 11.3.1 When # Total Station or any other EDM equipment is used to define boundaries; the length ofthe observation shouldbe les than the traverse leg and shall not exceed 100m, However, longer shots may be observed up to 200m for natural, boundaries o features ike stream edges et 11.3.2 Features that involve with area calculations should not be shown as singe offset features. The features like Foot Paths, Small Streams and Drains ete. should be surveyed as double offset features, When the widths of those features are less ‘than im, only centre line ofthe Feature can be surveyed. However, widths of such features should be recorded inthe Feld book. ll such features have to be shown In the plan with real dimensions creating a buffer (two lines) along the centre line, 612.0 Definition of Boundaries: 12.4 Any boundary that is not formed by a permanent feature shall be defined with boundary stones or any ather suitable permanent marks at prominent Bends and vere necessary at points on the boundary line. Straight boundary lines shall be defined at intervals not exceeding 100m at suitable postions on the fine, so that ‘the boundary marks are intervsble 13.0 Re-Survey of Property Boundaries: 43.1 Landmarke/Boundary marks In a previous survey done by or for the Suey Department of in a survey done for the issue of ttle certificates under the Registration of Title Act, No. 21 of 1998 (hore after referred as RTA) shal not be ‘moved, replaced or dsturbed under any circumstances without the authority of the Surveyor General. 13.2 When a cesurvay of a land parcel, for which a Certificate of Title i issued under the RTA Is necessary, the RLS should obtain the boundary co-ordinates of the relevant parcels of land from SG and base the new survey on those coordinates, In such instances a certificate shouldbe given on the new plan to read as “This i fa value added resurvey of Parcel Nos----in Cadastral map No: x prepare d by $6 under RTA". 14.0 Equipment used for Surveys: 14. A RLS must make every survey with appropriate equipment and must ascertain the accuracy obtainable before using it 14.2 RLS shal ensure that the measuring tapes and other equipment that he uses for the purpose of measurements have been tested and their residual errors are within the required accuracies of surveys done by him. RLS whenever reque:ted by the Surveyor General shall produce his equipment for checking the accuragy 143 Whenever necessary to ascertain their performing accuracy, all electronic Udistance-measuring equipment should be checked using a suitable check base and the report prepared in such check moasurements shall be filed in an appropriate manner for any subsequent use. The RLS who certifies the pans prepared by using such instruments must carefully scrutinize such reports to ascertain the accuracy ofthe measured distances before certifying the plan v15.0 Maintenance of Field Notes: 15.1. Standard format as given In Appendix 5 & 6 shall be used In keeping the field notes in connection with detail surveys, 15.2 Standard format as given in Appendix shal be used for electronically measured ‘observations and certified copy of the field notes of electronic measurements shall be fled for subsequent preparation ofa complete and accurate plan, 153 Original field entros shall be made in ink legibly and clearly. See specimen given In Appendix & 6. 154 Overcrowding field book pages and unnecessary repetition of tenement Information should be avoided, 155 Where a lot appears in several pages of a field book, the full tenement Information should be given on one page and the other pages should contain the name and description ofthe lot, witha reference to the page containing the ful information, 15.6 Where two lots an the same page of afield book have a reasonable portion of ‘the tenement information in common, a suitable reference to the common information (such as: “see 'A’") can be entered agnnst one lot. 157 Inevery page ofthe Field book, the Map/Plan number and allot numbers should be given in re. 415.8 Names of abutting lands and claimants should aso be given. 159 The boundaries ofall roads and tracks, except footpaths, should be shown by firm lines in the field book. Footpaths wl be shown by broken double lines. 15.10 All dferences should be shown, and misclosures should be Indicated and correctly adjusted. This must be done Immediately after the observations have ‘been made, 15.11 All corrections in field books should be clearly deleted and initialed, 15.12 Original field book entries should not be erased, added to or altered, If found to ‘be wrong, they should be corrected by neatly crossing aut the incorrect entries, ‘e-writng them so that both the incorect andthe correct entries can be clearly followed, and intaing, dating and certifying the correction as per para 15.12. ‘This rule is applicable for any kind of field book entries16.0 Survey Operations: 16.1 Whenever 9 request for a survey is made, itis desirable that all RLS abtain the request in writing from the parties concerned with thelr names, national dertty card number, addresses and ownership/telationship to the land. When the request is for the survey of State land, 2 written request from the sutheity concerned should be obtained before the survey. See Appendix 10 for the specimen. 16.2 If the survey Is in respoct of a co-owned land, the consent of all pares concemed should be abtained in wetng 163 When boundaries of land parcels to be surveyed are not clearly defined on found by means of a wire fonce, wall etc. such boundaries should be clearly defined with permanent boundary marks in consultation with the claimants of adjoining parcels. Any dspute should be fully resolved before the survey. When a parapet wall forms the comman boundary it fs necessary to verify who clalms he allan indicate in the plan cleary with clichés (See Appendix 7) as approprite When surveys are done for transfer of ownership of land, all undefined boundaries should be demarcated with boundary stones or permanent boundary marks, if hard details exis 164 itis the duty of every RLS to safeguard the boundaries of State lands. RLS should ‘maintain private and state boundaries fit is demarcated in SG’ plan, A thorovgh investigation is necessary atthe District Survey fice where relevant documents could be examined. 165 RLS should ensure that they conform toll existing laws and regulations. 16.6 When itis required to sub divide or amalgamate one or more parcels of land or which certifeates of title under the RTA No 21 of 1998 have been issued, such surveys should be cared out based on the boundary coordinates of the Cadastral Map, which should be obtained from the SG. 1916,7 Field notes and connected documents of al surveys done by RLS must be neatly filed and kept for any future use. A specimen format of field notes of @ ‘conventional survey using theodolite and tape is given in Appendix 6. When an EDM Total Station) is used a hard copy in addition to the soft copy giving the station numbers, point numbers, bearings, slope angle, slope distance, nthings ‘and easting of all the points with a clear sketch has to be Kept in the fle pertaining to that survey. Soe Appendix pagel and 2. 16.8 Flold notes should include the name ofthe land, the vllage in which the and is located, the persons who pointed out the boundaries surveyed, names of the claimants ofthe land and the dates on which the survey was done in ation to the tenement information of the respective lots 16.9 On completion of a survey the RIS should enter the Pan number, numbersof the respective Lots and a certificate, as fllows in the last page of the field notes (see specimens in Appendix 5 & 6) "The survey recorded in pages —~ to —~ ofthis fleld notes has been carried cut bby me personally n accordance with the Survey Act, No, 17 of 2002" 217.0 Preparation of Plans 17.1 All plans should be accurately plotted with the meridian parallel either tothe length or breadth ofthe drawing sheet. 17.2 Boundary tines, control points, drawing of topographic detalls wil be In Back. Gridlines, Grid coordinate of two corners, survey/chain lines, conttol points, boundary point numbers for few prominent points and field book references wl be in blue, Any transferred boundaries will bein red. When boundaries of more than one plan have to be transferred and shown, specific colours should be wed and referenced to differentiate, 173, Photo copies of plans should not be used for transfer, superimposition, ompiation, computation or any survey or plan work ather than fr reference 17.4 Durable drawing paper of 160 GSM or above, In metric izes A, Aa or folio (226 ‘mm x 340 mm) sie should be used, sectioning it in to A3 oF foo size ifthe survey is large. 17.5 RUSS’ plans can be generally grouned in to three categories, category Plans prepared for execution of Title Deeds Falls into this category, They are revenve plans strictly prepared for legal purposes. All features existing on {round need to be shown, Proposed features which are to be constructed in he future should not be shown on these plans. Any lat formed ina sub division has tobe lotted separately, Honce land within treet lines may be ltted separately. Gazetted stroct lines exist only within Municipal Council Limits. ut bulding ines ‘are there in al areas, Building ines involve with construction work and hence they need not be shown on this eategory of plans. For the information to be given on these plans see section 17.6. Category 2: Plans prepared for investigation purposes or for redefinition of boundaries falls In to this catogory. The Preliminary Survey plans prepared in partition cases and ‘most of what are called ‘” cases in Courts also fas In to this category. Four boundaries ofthe corpus to be given. But boundary schedule for Inavidual Lets ‘need not be given though extents of individual lots are necessary. There can be several names fora land parcel. For example according to plaintiff the name i seoumdet0rding to ath defendant the name is and so on, The Surveyor can decide on any addtional information tobe given onthe plan forthe conduct of the inguity. In‘ cases there can be unclosed lots with no extents {ven but other information may be given to depict the ground situation. Otter than what is specially enumerated in this section as not necessary, all information what is mentionad in section 17.6 need tobe given on these plan. ncategory Site plans prepared for development purposes falls into this category. Centouts, heights ane proposed features to be constructed, building lines may be shown on these plans. Boundary schedules may nat be necessary. Name of land, vlage, Korale district and so on depleting the location of the land together with the name of the project ifany and site plan No. may be given on the plan Loting, ‘and giving extents of individual lots may only be necessary on a special request by the client 37.6 The following information as applicable should appear on the body of the akan, (2) Plan number {integral number should be in sequence commencing fom unity) (0) North ine (Seale ofthe lan (@——Lotnumbers (2) Descriptions of all boundaries and boundary marks. [fl Deseription of details such ac roads (with direction), stream (with Aireetion of flow), buildings etc; [e) —_Abuttng information such as assessment numbers with street names, cor reference to old plans and lot numbers if any, or names of lads and dlaimants. (>) Legend including name of Local Authority, Korale, Patty \Grama Niladasi and Divisional Secretary division as appropriate) revenue District and Province, () Reference to abbreviations used (See Appendix 8- pages 2,2 and 3). () Schedule of boundaries and extent of entire land. (ik) Aschedule of boundaries, extent ofeach lot and total (Name of RS, professional designation, address, telephone namber, ‘ogistraton number in order. (m) Date of survey (©) Certificate with signature and dae (©) Any explanatory footnotes (P) Field note references 17.7 A specimen showing the layout of a plan prepared by a RLS I glven in Appendix 17.8 Amendments to RLS’ Plans \Whon a plan is certified and handed over to the client from then onwards the US's control over it willbe very much restricted. Hence before handinz over, the RLS should go through it carefully and see that there are no omissions. ‘Subsequently ata later date if the cient request for some material changes on the plan the RLS has to be mindful that photocopies of the plan may hava boon 2already given to various other persons. Therefore itis advisable that the RLS makes the changes on 2 different plan with new number and new date gluing reference to the earlier plan If appropriate stating that itis a re surrey, ‘amalgamation and re subdhision, Before attempting the requested ateratons the RUS should look into the fact that if tie 9 sub division plan whether the Local ‘Authority has already approved the sub-division, If itis so the cient should jobtaln a letter of consent fram the local body to effect the changes. Secondly ‘the cant should submit an affidavit iF it is 9 co-owned land all co-owners need 10 sign the affidavit) swearing that no legal actions, such as executing 3 deed of transfer or a mortgage bond on any of the subdivided lots has been done. If is fon the contrary no action taken lots cannot be amalgamated with the action taken lots. The same procedures need tobe adopted even ona plan prepared by some other RLS. 17.9. RLS should never prapare two plans with the same number and date 17.10 LS should not amend, ater or insert notes or additional data on plans prepzted by other LSS, This pracedure Is not advsable even on his own old plans. 17.11 Originals of sub-ivsion plans prepared under the partition Act, after the issue of ‘the final decree are filed and kept in the court Record Room. RLS should not make any alterations or amendments on these plans when preparing certfled copies tothe parties. If any amendment is requested it needs to be on a fiesh Plan with different number. 117.12. Based on a sub division plan a land owner may sell or gift land parcels to others, with the condition of ging only the "ight of way” of means of accesses tothe prospective buyers or recipients, retaining the sil rights to himself. Sometime Fater it may not be legally sound forthe RLS to amalgamate parts of or in whole these means of accesses with other lots onthe request of the new owners who donot have sil rights to the means of accesses 17.13. LS should not issue certified copies of his own plans or plans prepared by other ALSs to any person who do nat have a direct cannection to the land depicted in that plan 218.0 Subsequent surveys in Cadastral Survey areas: Subsequent surveys in cadsstral survey areas can bo carried out by an RLS who has received the accreditation centfcate issued by the Surveyor General under section II ofthe survey Act No, 17 of 2002, 18.1 Cadastral Survey Areas Cadastral survey areas ate the areas covered by the cadastral survey maps and the instructions below should be followed when re-surveying ands within such areas. Resurveying of land parcels in a cadastral map is required in following tyres 18.1.1 Lond appearing in Cadastral Maps snd having issued Tite certificates. 18.1.2 Land appearing in Cadastral Maps without a tte certificate, there are ‘wo pes of such as, 18.121 Lands with single ownership but the tile certificates have rot been issued 18.122 Jointly owned unsetted lands surveyed en-block and hence the title cemifiates were not issued 182 Formats and Specimen Appropriate formals and specimen stated inthis document shouldbe used hen doing subsequent surveys within a cadastral survey area. All the specimens ofthe formats shall be available atthe official website of the Survey Department and at the sub offices of Survey Department. 4383 The instructions below should be followed by the registered RSs whey doing subsequent surveys, preparing and malntaning cadastral maps under section 23, and 36 ofthe Title Registration act No 21 of 3998, 183.1 The entire request under section 18.1.1 above should be made by the land owner (3), vide Appendix 11 (Format 1) and submit to the RLS with « cetifiate by the Title Registrar of the office where the land i regisred 18.3.2 The entire request under section 8.1.2.1 shove should be prepared by the land owner (6), vide Appendix 12 (Format 2) and submit tothe 2LS oF District Survey Office with a cetfieae by the Commissioner cf Title Settlements, 18.3.2 The entire request under section 18.1.22 above shouldbe jointly prepared by the and owners, vide Appendix 13 page 1 and2 (Format 3) and submit {0 the Distt Survey Office with a cenificale by the Commissioner of Title Setlement. Such surveys may be attended either by Survey Department ora nominated RLS under SG's supervision as wished by the applicants. In such instances cost of survey or supervision is ebarged by SG. Pn184 186 Ine 118.34 The RLS should carry out surveys according to the bondvconditons indica in the tie cerificate of the relevant land (eg, Conditions and rights related to bonds) mortgage and extra conditions under the Land Developroent Ondinance or by the local authorities or any) 18,35 The RLS should aware the land owner fappicant about the situation ifthe ‘subsequent survey request isnot in accordance with the condition ofthe eeal authority. However the land owner /aplicant stl in need to proceed withthe application, « Teter should be obiained from the land ownex/eppicant regarding that. Vide Appendix 14 18.36 Digital Data related to the orignal survey or copies of required old plan and Field notes when digital data is not available should be objained from the district survey offies. Relevant Senior Superintendent of Surveys should rake arrangements (0 provide these dala 10 the Registered Surveyors Registered Surveyor should produce application vide Appendix 15 together with duly completed Appendix 11 and Appendix 14 when requesting digital data, Such requests would also be made through facsimile or e-mail ‘The subsequent surveys should be carried out by the Registered Surveyor fulfling the conditions stated in the relevant acts, survey regulations and technical manuals ‘Amalgamation or subdivision after amalgamation should not be carried out for the land of which title certificate arein different classes or together with land for hich the tile certificates have not been issued. ‘The land parcel should be clestly and correcty identified and its boundaries tobe verified by the Registered Surveyor. If applicant - land owner has encroached any portion of adjacent land, such encroachment should not be dealt wit, but original outer boundary should be ‘maintained in new survey. If adjacent land owner(s) has encrosched portion of applicants land the eriginal boundary should be restored by explaining it to adjacent ovmer(s). If encroschers ‘fuse to vacate such portions of enezoached land, such portions should also be surveyed separately and shown on the plan by giving lot numbers on the consent of applicant or otherwise stop further proceedings ofthe request.189 fn epplicaton for subdivision of small portion from a large extended land, only that portion may be surveyed but subdivision plan to be drawn for entre land by re-ploting the balance portion of land using the digital data obtained Such incidences shouldbe indicated in Surveyor’ report 18.10 The new boundary points established during subdivision survey should be permanent marks. They are to be shown to applicant(s) and their signatures to be bbtained. This signatare form should be attached to survey fle 18.11 The boundary points established and surveyed during subsequent survey in a ‘Cadastral mapping area should be of 7.5 em minimum accuruey 18.12 Ie should be verified whether the total extent of lots in subdivision and malgemation plans to be match with that of original cadastral lots dealt with, If ‘an original extent is found eroncous, after double checking, it should be reported {to Senior Superintendent of Surveys who should tke immediate action to correct 1813 After completion of field survey and preparation of manuscript plan the RLS should identity the definite member of losin his subsequent plan and requests for last lot particulars such as sheet number, lot numbers, and tenement list poge ‘numbers ete from district Senior Superintendent of Surveys using presribed form vide Appendix 16, The alternative communication method of e-mail or fesiile is also allowed. 18.14 In on unavoidable circumstance, if last lot particulars are not being able to use ‘within two weeks of issue, the repstered license RLS should intimate reasons and request an extension ftom district Senior Superintendent of Surveys before it lapses 18.15. When a subsequent survey is requested to attend throvgkt a RLS, an exanination fee decided by the Surveyor General has to be paid by the applicant to district ‘Senior Superintendent of Surveys, Such fee should be informed tothe applicant ‘with copy to respective RLS by the time RES requested last lot particulars fom Aistriet Senior Superintendent of Surveys 18.16 In the case of para 18.1.1 and 18.12.1 above GSMLI0 and GSM8O thickness ‘quality white papers should be used in preparation of survey plans and tenement list espeetively. A4/A3 size papers may be used depending on extent coverage by subsequent survey. 618.17 The Cadastral maps and tenement list prepared under subsequent surveys by RLS. in the above eases of 18.1.1 of 18.12.1 should be in aceordance with Appendix 17 and Appendix 18 18,18 In the case of para 1812.1 above plans and tenement lists should be prepared on. papers provided by the Surveyor General for that purpose. 18.19 The now subsequent plan in digital form should be submitted in digital exchange format (def) and in accordance with standard data layers of digital data proved by senior superintendent of surveys in para 18.3.6 above. The connected digital tenementary information should be submitted in any standard data formats of forms as agreed by the Surveyor General, 1820 Sulomission and approval of Subsequent Cadastral Plan ‘The Registered Surveyor who attends a subsequent cadastral survey should handover following set of documents to district Senior Superintendent of Surveys ‘The RLS is advised to maintain an extra file containing the same documents ith him i. - Request by Applicant (Appendix 11 or 12 013: Formats No.1 or2¢2) Plan and Tenement List sed on each section/page (2 signed copies as per para 18.16 0 18.19) iii, Field Notes (a eerified copy) iv. A compact disk (CD/DVD) contains digital data of cadastral nap, tenement list and cadastral plans for individual lots ¥. The letter of last lot particular (Appendix 16) vi Two set of copies of amendment tracings vii, Computation sheets vil, The letter of acceptance by the applicant to perform subsequent survey if it is not obeyed with conditions of Local Antorty (Appendix 14) ix Coordinate Sheets forall srvey pons Letter of cerificate by Applicant for showing boundaries Sarveyor's Report (Appendix 19) 1821 If subsequent survey carried out under 18.2.2 above by a RLS he should hhandover used field books of Survey Department and subsequent cedestral Plan «eam in prescribed formats by SG instead of items (ji) and (ii) above, 1822 Senior Superintendent of Surveys should check all above documents end approve both copies of subsequent plan on behalf of SG, if satisfies all the requiements ‘o update the cadastral map and digital Land Information System (vide Appendix 20).18.23. The essence of field checks during above examination could be decided by Senior Superintendent of Surveys. 18.24. Keeping Reconds and Issuance of copies ‘The Senior Superintendent of Surveys should make arrangements to update the original cadastral map by inserting subsequent survey data and send a copy of appropriate portion of amended cadastral map to respective tile registrar together with individual digital cadastral plans 18.25 In the ease of subsequent cadastral survey under category 18.1.2. and 181.22 above a copy of amended cadastral map (portion) shouldbe sent to Commissioner of Title Settlement too, 16,26 In the case of 18.1.1 and 18.1.2. above a one copy of the subsequent plan _appraved by Senior Superintendent of Surveys should be stamped as “Applzant’s Copy" and provided to applicant through RLS. In the case of 18.1.2.2 above @ contiied copy of Cadastral Map should be provided to each applicant and FS by Senior Superintendent of Surveys. 18.27 The Office copy of Cadastral Map, clgital data and all other documents ‘connected with subsequent survey should be properly archived and maintained In district survey office for future reference. 18.28 The copies of hardeopy/softcopy of subsequent cadastral plans shoud be ‘maintained in Surveyor General's oie too, 418,29 The records in district survey office should be updated on receipt of rglstation ‘numbers issued by Tile Registrar after registration of new land parcels zs per regulation of Tile Registration Act 21 of 1998 published in gazette dates 998.1021 1830 The Registered Surveyor who attends subsequent cadastral surveys is solely responsible for procedures, accuracy and content of the plan producsd in connection with the survey by him.19.0 Documentation to be maintained by RLS: 19.1 Every RLS should maintain a register giving the following information zbout ‘every plane produces. 1. Plan number ii. Dateofsuvey Name of land ‘village where the land isstuated Revenue District ML Extent vi, Fleld book reference vil, Any other 19.22 On completion ofthe plan a repart on the survey should be written and filed ‘with the field notes and ether papers giving important information on the survey Including the following for future reference when required. A separate fle should be taken up for every survey. i. Request for survey and relevant documents, fi, Plan mumber, lot umbers and extent. Sil, Purpose ofthe Suevey iv. Name of applicant client and his details ¥. Technical data such as (eld notes, meridian, co-ordnate sheets, scale, reference to old plans. ‘Boundaries pointed oUt bY vo ANd 1.0 reference to deeds(if available) Computer file reference and security print out {Area computation Shest x any other mater 19.8 Certified copies of plans should only be prepared from the original plan, from the pencil plot o from the field notes. Photocopies should not be used far prepzring ‘certified copies or preparing of tracings or any survey or mapping activity20.0 Interpretation 201 202 203 20s 205 207 208 203 2040 zon Geodetic surveys Surveys done taking in to account the shape of the earth ‘Topographical Surveys Surveys done for collection of natural or man-made features on the ground ‘National Geodetic Control Network {A set of points established on the ground and position determined (Longitude, Latitude and radial height) in respect of Everest Elipsold to determine shape, size fof Sri Lanks and then convert to National Co-ordinate System based on Transverse Mercator Projection, Horizontal Control Point Survey control point established with Northing and Easting co-rdinates ‘according tothe national Co-ordinate system, Vertical Control Point ‘Survey control point established with the determination ofthe height i respect of Mean Sea Level {obal Navigation Satelite System (GNSS) survey control point [system for fixing positions of points on the surface of the earth by measuring the ranges to a special set of satellites orbiting the earth, having been launched +0 form a GNSS constellation Survey Control Point Survey control point established using GNSS or Traverse technique according to the National Co-ordinate system. ‘Traverse Set of survey lines which are connected to each other with length and bearing. po? ‘Geometric dilution of precision of satellites while establishing a control pint Base station Known Survey control point with higher accuracy ‘Dead measurements “Te measurements 202012 Angular Miselosure ‘The diflerence between orginal bearing and observed beating. 20.13 Linear Miselosure ‘The difference between 2" chaining and 2 chaining ofa survey ine. 20.14 Co-ordinate Misclosure ‘The difference between known co-ordinates and calculated co-ordinates. 20.15 Offset Shortest distance from an object to a reference tine. 20.16. EDM Instrument ‘an instrument of auto calculating distances with the help of Electro Magnetic ‘Wave rays sending toa reflector, 20.17 Caltbation Base Stranded survey line established on ground to check the accuracy of che instruments 20.18 Tenement information Information of lane parcels such as situation, land use, extent and ownership. 2029 Lot Close entty ofa survey plan. 2020 Piduruthalagala or Pedro ‘The highest mountain in Sri Lanka (8,281 feet above mean sea Level ~2524 mA Irigonometric station established with the distances of 500,000.00N and |500,000.006 from an assumed origin. This has been used for the establishmen: of National Co-ordinate System of Sri Lanka. 20.21 Administrative Boundaries “The boundaries of administrative territorial units of Sri Lanka as gazette by the Government from time to time. a2022 Cadastral Map ‘A map cesulting from a cadastral survey; defined in the Survey Act 17 of 2002. & ‘map defining all ofthe land parcel boundaries in a village which have either been registered or not registered under the RTA. A Cadastral Map includes any condominium plen prepared under the Apartment Ownership Law No 11 of 3973. 20.23, Cadastral lan ‘A plan for a Land Parcel resulting from a cadastral survey as defined under the Survey Act No 17 of 2002. [ACadastral Plan ofthe Land Parcel will show the boundaries and extent resulting {rom a Cadastral Survey of that Land Parcel. A Cadastral Plan may Incluce any ‘unit shown in a condominium plan prepared under the Apartment Ownership Law No 11 of 1973, 20.24 Cadastral Survey ‘Any survey for the purpose of delinesting, determining or defining the boundaries of any parcel of land or premises or any legal rights or intarests, attached thereto, as defined in the Survey fet No.27 of 2002. 20.25 Certificate of Tile ‘An extract from the Title Register for a single land parcel and showing all the existing registered information of that land parcel as registered by Registrar General of Titles. 20.26 Claimant ‘A person / Institution making a claim. 20.27 Commissioner of Title Settlement (CTS) ‘A person duly appointed under the provisions of the Registration of Title Act No 21 of 198, 20.28 Local Authority ‘Any Municipal Council, Urban Councilor Pradeshiya Sabha. 2A y r 20.29 Owns 2030 2031 2032 {a} in elation to the ownership of a Land Parcel, the person or organization named in the Tile Register 2s the person or organization holding the ttle of full oumership or a provisional tite, and; {b| In relation to other interests in a Land Parcel, the person or organization hamed in the Title Register asthe person or organization in whose favour the Interests in the Land Parcel are registered. Private Land ‘Any land which i not owned by State, State Land Al land in Sei Lanka to which the State is lawfully entitled or which may be disposed of by the State and includes lands which may be vested or the ‘management thereof vested In any government department or government corporation or authority and all rights and privileges attached or appertainingto such land. Benchmark Benchmark is 2 monument of which the mean sea level elevation has been established. The benchmark of the primary net are classified as Fundamental, Standards, Types A, AA, B, C and D and illustrated by dimensioned sketches in plates i! and of Volume ofthe report on the Geodetic Leveling. 3APPENDICES‘Appendix 1 (Soe paragraph 41) Conversion Factors ‘The conversion factors given below may be used for the conversion of linear "measurements taken in feet or links and extents in acres, roods and perches to their corresponding equivalents in metric units. Such conversions wil be ‘necessary in re-laying boundaries using old plans and field notes which are in chain measurements, {Based on the figures given bythe Se Lanka Bureau of Stands) tard =09144 metres foot = 0.3088 metres inch =2:54em link =0.201168 metres mete =497096 inks mile =1.609848 km km = 0.62 miles 4Hectare =2.471058 ares acre = 0.468564 na itood =0.1ha perch =25.29285 sq metres‘Appendix 2 (See paragraph 6.1) Parameters Related to the National Geodetic Control Network and National Grid Co-ordinate system ‘The National Geodetic Control Network was nama as SLD89, It consists with 272, primary control points, (EDM traverses can be run on low order control points testablshed by GNNS observations in between the primary control points for further densification } “The reference ellpcoid used by SLD 99 is Everest-1830 with Semi Major axis: & = 6377276,3450 m, Semi Minor axis: b= 63560754131 m. ‘Most ofthe space-based technologies such as GPS use the global reference cllipsid- World Geodatic System 1984 (WGS 84). Hence, Burss-Woll {transformation parameters were computed to tansform WGS84 ellipsoid to Everest s fellows, Translation AK = 0.2933 m Translation AY =-766.9898m Translation 82 =-87.7131m Rotation bout axis = 0.957040" Rotation about axis == 16950677" Rotation aboutZaxis. = 34730161" Seale factor =1.0000000393 “The map projection used by the SLD9 is Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Projection with ental meridian passing through Pidurutalagats Trigonomerical point. 38