Division 300.

Base Courses

Section 301. Plant Mix Asphalt Base Course

301.01 Description. Construct a plant mix asphalt base course on a prepared foundation.

301.02 Material. Meet Subsection 401.02.

301.03 Construction. Construct under Section 401.03. Use Subsection 401.03(N) Surface Test (Method #1) to test
the finished longitudinal or transverse surface. Limit surface deviations to 5 mm.

301.04 Measurement. Subsections 109.01 and 401.04.

301.05 Payment

Pay Item Pay Unit

Plant mix asphalt base course Megagram or square meter

Asphalt cement for plant mix Megagram or liter
asphalt base course
Aggregate Megagram

Section 302. Road Mix Asphalt Base Course

302.01 Description. Construct a base course on a prepared foundation.

302.02 Material. Meet Subsection 403.02.

302.03 Construction. Construct under Subsection 403.03. Use Subsection 401.03 Surface Test (Method #1) to test
the longitudinal or transverse surface. Limit surface deviations to 10 mm.

302.04 Measurement. Subsection 109.01.

302.05 Payment

Pay Item Pay Unit

Aggregate for road mix Megagram or square meter

asphalt base course
Liquid asphalt for road mix Megagram or liter
asphalt base course
Emulsified asphalt for road mix asphalt Megagram or liter
base course
Section 303. Reserved
 Section 304. Aggregate Base Course

304.01 Description. Construct an aggregate base course on a prepared foundation.

304.02 Material.

Aggregate 703.04

Water 714.01

Calcium chloride 714.02

Sodium chloride 714.04

304.03 Construction.

A. Mixing. Mix the base course materials by one of the following three methods to ensure
homogeneous blending and to provide optimum moisture content for compaction:
1. Stationary Plant Method. Mix materials in a pugmill. Place the material onto the roadbed
immediately after mixing.
2. Travel Plant Method. Use a mechanical spreader or windrow-sizing device to place
aggregate. Add and thoroughly mix water with the aggregate using a traveling mix plant.
3. Road Mix Method. Place and mix aggregate on the roadway using motor graders or other
similar equipment. Add water during the mixing operation.
B. Placing. Construct compacted base course of at least 200 mm in depth. Place in two or more
uniform lifts of equal thickness.
C. Shaping and Compacting. Shape aggregate to the cross section and adjust water to obtain optimum
moisture content for compaction. Maintain the surface during compacting to produce a uniform
texture and to firmly key the aggregates.
Meet a minimum of [95] percent of the maximum density as determined by AASHTO T
180, Method D. Use AASHTO T 191, T 205, or T 238 to determine in-place density. Correct for
oversized particles under AASHTO T 224.
Maintain the completed subgrade surface and apply water as needed to prevent checking
or raveling. Reestablish shoulders and ditches.
D. Surface Tolerance. Use Subsection 401.03(N) Surface Test (Method #1) to test the longitudinal or
transverse surface. Limit surface deviations to 15 mm.

304.04 Measurement.

A. Subsection 109.01 and as follows:

B. Use the manufacturer's package net mass to measure sacked calcium or sodium chloride.
304.05 Payment.

Pay Item Pay Unit

Aggregate base course Megagram, square meter, or cubic meter

Water 1000 liter
Calcium chloride type Megagram
Sodium chloride type Megagram
 Section 305. Subgrade Modification

305.01 Description. Modify the subgrade by blending with acceptable materials from ditches, shoulder slopes,
aggregates, or stabilizing additives. Scarify and compact the subgrade, realign shoulders, and clean and reshape
ditches.

305.02 Material

Aggregate As specified

Water 714.01

Calcium chloride 714.02

Sodium chloride 714.04

Suspend requirements for total alkali chlorides and impurities in calcium chloride.

305.03 Construction. Construct under Subsections 304.03(C) and (D).

305.04 Measurement. Subsections 109.01 and 304.04.

305.05 Payment.

Pay Item Pay Unit

Aggregate for subgrade modification Megagram or cubic meter

Water for subgrade modification 1000 liter
Processing for subgrade modification Kilometer or square meter
Calcium chloride, type Megagram
Sodium chloride, type Megagram

Section 306. Reconditioning

306.01 Description. Recondition the surface of an existing roadbed, clean and recondition the ditches, and shape the
shoulders.

306.02 Material. None.

306.03 Construction. Scarify the roadbed, including shoulders, to specified depth and width. Pulverize the scarified
material so that a minimum of 95 percent, excluding gavel or stone, passes a 50-mm sieve.
Compact pulverized material under Subsection 304.03.

306.04 Measurement.

A. Subsection 109.01 and as follows:

B. Measure only the water used in reconditioning.

306.05 Payment.

Pay Item Pay Unit

Reconditioning Kilometer
Water for reconditioning 1000 liter
 Section 307. Lime-Treated Courses

307.01 Description. Construct one or more courses of soil or soil-aggregate mixed with lime and water.

307.02 Material.

Cutback asphalt 702.02

Emulsified asphalt 702.03

Water 714.01

Hydrated lime 714.03

Quick lime 714.10

307.03 Construction.

A. Use one of the following classes:

1. Class 1 stabilization and construction operations:
a. Spread the first increment of lime.
b. Perform initial mixing.
c. Cure the mixed material.
d. Spread the second increment of lime.
e. Perform final mixing.
f. Compact to required density and finish.
2. Class 2 stabilization and construction operations:
a. Spread the specified percentage of lime.
b. Perform initial mixing.
c. Cure the mixed material.
d. Perform final mixing.
e. Compact to required density and finish.
3. Class 3 stabilization and construction options:
a. Spread the specified percentage of lime.
b. Perform mixing.
c. Compact to required density and finish.
B. Prepare the Roadbed. Grade the roadbed surface to specified lines, grades, and cross sections.
Dispose of all excess material under Subsection 201.03.
Prevent water from ponding in the roadbed. Remove and replace unstable subgrade.
C. Scarify/Pulverize. Scarify the roadbed to specified depth and width and pulverize the scarified
material to 100 percent passing a 75-mm sieve. Remove all unsuitable soil and organic materials.
D. Lime. Apply hydrated lime, quick lime, or lime byproduct at specified rates. Apply hydrated lime
and lime byproduct as slurry or in a dry form. Apply quick lime only in a dry form. Mix quick
lime thoroughly with the dry roadbed material before adding water; add water to the mixture
within 6 hours of dry mixing.
Permit only essential equipment on the spread lime until mixing is complete.
Ensure the lime is uniformly incorporated within ± 5 percent of requirement.
Apply lime only on unfrozen foundation and when the temperature in the shade is 5( C or
higher during application and mixing.
E. Adding Water. Add water and thoroughly mix. Limit the maximum moisture content to 3 percent
over the optimum.
F. Mixing. Mix the lime and water into the soil to form a uniform, homogeneous mixture with 100
percent passing a 75-mm sieve. Reshape the mixed layer to the specified line, grade, and section.
Seal the Class 1 and 2 stabilization surface with a roller. Compact and finish the Class 3
 stabilization.
Cure the Class 1 and 2 stabilization mixture at least 3 days. Keep the stabilized layer
moist during curing. Reprocess surfaces that become dusty or dry during the curing period.
After the curing period, scarify Class 1 and 2 stabilized layers and reapply lime to the
Class 1 stabilization. Remix the layer to the specified moisture content. Mix Class 1 and 2
stabilizations until 100 percent of the material, except stone and gravel, passes a 50-mm sieve, and
60 percent passes a 4.75-mm sieve. Seal the surface after mixing with a pneumatic-tired roller
until compaction and finishing.
G. Compacting and Finishing. Complete final compacting and finishing within 12 hours of the final
mixing. Compact the mixture to a minimum of 95 percent of the maximum density determined by
AASHTO T 99 Method C. Remove all equipment imprints and use a pneumatic-tired roller for
final finish rolling.
Determine in-place density using AASHTO T 191 or T 201. Correct for oversized
particles under AASHTO T 224.
H. Surface Tolerance. Use Subsection 401.03(N) Surface Test (Method #1) to test the longitudinal or
transverse surface. Limit surface deviations to 15 mm.
I. Protecting and Curing. Restrict vehicles or equipment on the treated course for a minimum 7-day
cure period after final finish rolling. Keep the surface lightly moistened during the curing period to
prevent drying unless the Contract specifies an asphalt curing seal.
Apply an asphalt curing seal in a continuous film between 0.7 and 1.4 L/m2 when
specified. Maintain the film for the time specified.
Protect and maintain the subgrade surface until covered. Construct at least one course of
base or subbase on the treated subgrade before permitting hauling operations.
Protect the course from freezing for at least [5] days after placing.

307.04 Measurement.

A. Subsection 109.01 and as follows,

B. Use the manufacturer's package net mass to measure sacked lime.

307.05 Payment.

Pay Item Pay Unit

Hydrated lime Megagram

Quick lime Megagram
Water 1000 liter
Processing lime-treated course Kilometer or square meter
(Class___, ___ mm thick)
Cutback asphalt Megagram or liter
Emulsified asphalt Megagram or liter

Section 308. Cement-Treated Base Course

308.01 Description. Construct one or more courses of a mixture of portland or blended hydraulic cement and soil or
soil-aggregate on a graded foundation.

308.02 Material.

Portland cement 701.01

Blended hydraulic cement 701.01

Cutback asphalt 702.02

 Emulsified asphalt 702.03

Aggregate 703.05

Water 714.01

Fly ash 714.11

Ground granulated blast-furnace slag 714.12

308.03 Construction. Obtain approval to substitute fly ash or ground granulated blast furnace slag for cement at
cement replacement percentages by mass not to exceed 35 and 50 percent, respectively.
Use either the travel plant or central plant method.
A. Travel Plant Method. Scarify and pulverize existing roadway or other designated material source
and pulverize it until a minimum of [80] percent passes a 4.75-mm sieve. Remove all material
retained on a 75-mm sieve. Remove all unsuitable soil and organic material. Blend designated
borrow with the scarified material to obtain a uniform mixture. Clean all butt joints at existing
pavements or structures before mixing.
Correct all soft or yielding subgrade areas. Place and spread pulverized aggregate
uniformly to required thickness and width.
Apply specified quantity of cement. Replace cement lost before mixing at no cost to the
Agency. Ensure the cement is uniformly incorporated within ± 5 percent of the requirement.
Blend the materials in a traveling plant mixer. Introduce water uniformly during the
mixing cycle. Blend the materials thoroughly so that no cement balls form as water is applied.
Complete wet mixing, lay down, and finishing operations within 2 hours after adding
cement. Suspend work when windy conditions cause a cement loss.
B. Central Plant Method. Proportion and mix the aggregate, cement, and water in a central mixing
plant. Equip the plant to feed and meter design batch quantities. Mix until material is uniformly
blended.
Ensure the cement is uniformly incorporated within ± [5] percent of requirement. Reject
materials outside of this tolerance.
Use a mechanical spreader to distribute in a uniform layer. Moisten the subgrade or base
before lay down. Begin compaction within 60 minutes of introducing mix water.
C. Compacting and Finishing. Compact the mixture to a minimum [95] percent of the maximum
density concluded from a field sample, taken as compaction begins, under AASHTO T 134. Use
AASHTO T 191 or T 205 to determine in-place field density. Correct for oversized particles under
AASHTO T 224. Use AASHTO T 134 to verify that moisture in the completed mixture remains
within ± 2 percent of the optimum moisture content. Complete compacting and finishing within 2
hours after adding water to the mixture. Install a construction joint at the point of removal for any
material needing removal.
D. Surface Tolerance. Use Subsection 401.03(N) Surface Test (Method #1) to test the longitudinal or
transverse surface. Limit surface deviations to 15 mm.
E. Protecting and Curing. Apply a curing seal of cutback or emulsified asphalt immediately after the
final rolling. Keep the surface moist until the seal is applied.
Apply the curing seal in a continuous film at a recommended rate between 0.7 and 1.4
L/m2. Maintain the film for the specified time, unless covered by a subsequent course.
Protect and maintain the subgrade surface until covered. Construct at least one course of
base or subbase on the treated subgrade before permitting hauling operations.
Protect the base course from freezing for [5] days after placement.
F. Weather Limitations. Place cement-treated base only when the air temperature is above 5( C or if
forecast temperatures will remain above 2( C for 24 hours. Place cement-treated material only on
unfrozen subgrade, incorporate only unfrozen aggregate, and place only during dry weather.

308.04 Measurement.

A. Subsection 109.01 and as follows:

 B. Measure cement-treated base course by the square meter or by the individual material components.

308.05 Payment.

Pay Item Pay Unit

Cement-treated course Square meter

Hydraulic or blended hydraulic cement Megagram
Water 1000 liter
Aggregate Megagram
Processing Kilometer or square meter
Cutback asphalt Megagram or liter
Emulsified asphalt Megagram or liter

Section 309. Portland or Blended Hydraulic

Cement Concrete Base Course

309.01 Description. Construct a portland or blended hydraulic cement concrete base, with or without reinforcement,
on a prepared foundation.

309.02 Material.

Portland cement 701.01

Blended hydraulic cement 701.01

Fine aggregate 703.01

Coarse aggregate 703.01

Joint fillers 707.01

Reinforcing steel 711.01

Curing materials 713.01

Air-entraining admixtures 713.02

Water 714.01

Fly ash 714.11

Ground granulated blast-furnace slag 714.12

309.03 Construction.

A. Design. Perform and submit for approval a mix design that represents project production. Obtain
approval to substitute fly ash or ground granulated blast furnace slag for cement at cement
replacement percentages by mass not to exceed 35 and 50 percent, respectively.
B. Construction Methods and Equipment. Construct under Subsections 501.03(B) through
501.03(M)(4) and 501.03(O) through 501.03(T).
C. Surface Tolerance. Use Subsection 401.03(N) Surface Test (Method #1) to test the longitudinal or
transverse surface. Limit surface deviations to 5 mm.
D. Protecting and Curing. Protect and maintain the base surface until covered.
E. Tolerance in Base Thickness. Use Subsection 501.03(T) to determine base course thickness.

309.04 Measurement.
 A. Subsection 109.01 and as follows:
B. Measure the completed concrete base course by the square meter using plan pavement widths.

309.05 Payment.

A. General.

Pay Item Pay Unit

Hydraulic or blended hydraulic cement Square meter

concrete base course

B. Price Adjustments. Use the unit Contract bid price for any course thicker than that specified.
Adjust the unit bid price for deficiencies in average thickness under the following table:
Price Adjustments for
Concrete Base Course Deficiency
Deficiency in Thickness (mm) Price Allowed

4 100 percent

4.1 to 8 90 percent

8.1 to 12 80 percent

12.1 to 16 70 percent

16.1 to 20 60 percent

20.1 to 25 50 percent

>25 Remove and replace

 Section 310. Lean Concrete Base Course

310.01 Description. Construct a base course of aggregate, portland or blended hydraulic cement, water, and
approved additives on a prepared foundation.

310.02 Material.

Portland cement 701.01

Blended hydraulic cement 701.01

Aggregate 703.05

Curing materials 713.01

Air-entraining admixtures 713.02

Water 714.01

Fly ash 714.11

Ground granulated blast-furnace slag 714.12

310.03 Construction.

A. Proportioning. Perform and submit for approval a mix design that represents project production.
Obtain approval to substitute fly ash or ground granulated blast furnace slag for cement at cement
replacement percentages by mass not to exceed 35 and 50 percent, respectively.
Use provisions of Subsection 501.03(A) with:
& Slump between 25 and 75 mm.
& Entrained-air content between 4 and 9 percent.
& 28-day compressive strength between 5.0 to 10.0 MPa.
B. Construction Methods and Equipment. Meet Subsections 501.03(B) through 501.03(J).
C. Joints. Install construction joints where concrete placement operations are interrupted for more
than 30 minutes. Place a header to create a vertical face that is perpendicular to the centerline, and
use tie bars as needed.
D. Surface Tolerance. Use Subsection 401.03(N) Surface Test (Method #1) to test the longitudinal or
transverse surface. Limit surface deviations to 5 mm.
E. Curing. Cure under Subsection 501.03(O).
F. Protecting. Restrict traffic and construction equipment on the completed base course for 14 days
or until attainment of the specified compressive strength. Protect and maintain the base surface
until covered.

310.04 Measurement.

A. Subsection 109.01 and as follows:

B. Measure the completed lean concrete base course by the square meter using plan pavement widths.
C. Use AASHTO T 148 to determine thickness of the base.

310.05 Payment. Pay for accepted quantities as follows:

Pay Item Pay Unit

Lean concrete base course Square meter

Use the unit contract bid price for any course thicker than that specified.
 Adjust the unit bid price for deficiencies in average thickness under the following table:

Price Adjustments for

Concrete Base Course Deficiency
Deficiency in Thickness (mm) Price Allowed

4 100 percent

4.1 to 8 80 percent

8.1 to 12 72 percent

12.1 to 16 68 percent

16.1 to 20 57 percent

20.1 to 25 50 percent

>25 Remove and replace

 Section 311. Lime-Fly Ash-Treated Courses

311.01 Description. Construct one or more courses of a mixture of soil, soil-aggregate or aggregate, lime, fly ash,
and water.

311.02 Material.

Cutback asphalt 702.02

Emulsified asphalt 702.03

Aggregate 703.05

Water 714.01

Hydrated lime 714.03

Quick lime 714.10

Fly ash and other pozzolans 714.11

311.03 Construction.

A. Proportioning. Perform and submit for approval a mix design that represents project production.
Obtain approval to substitute fly ash or ground granulated blast furnace slag for cement at cement
replacement percentages by mass not to exceed 35 and 50 percent, respectively.
Mix and place soil, lime, fly ash, and water under the applicable provisions of
Subsections 307.03(D) through 307.03(G), and Subsections 308.03(A) or 308.03(B) and
308.03(E).
Prepare material to be cured with initial mixing to break down the soil to permit
absorption of lime and water. Spread the mixture uniformly for the full specified width. Seal with
a light, pneumatic-tired roller.
B. Curing Period. Cure the sealed mixture between 3 and 21 days. Use sprinkling or fogging to keep
the partially treated material moist during the curing period.
C. Lime and Water-Mixing Phase—Road Mix Method. Scarify or mix the materials to the specified
depth and width immediately after applying lime. Mix until 100 percent of the material by dry
weight, excluding gravel and stones, passes a 50-mm sieve, and 60 percent passes a 4.75-mm
sieve.
D. Lime and Water-Mixing Phase—Plant Mix Method. Cure mixed material in a stockpile or on the
roadway.
E. Fly Ash and Water-Mixing Phase. Mix immediately after adding fly ash and water to cured
material. Mix, spread, compact, and finish under Subsections 308.03(A), (B), and (C).
F. Protecting and Curing. Cure lime-fly ash-treated subgrade and base courses under Subsection
307.03(I).
G. Surface Tolerance. Use Subsection 401.03(N) Surface Test (Method #1) to test the longitudinal or
transverse surface. Limit surface deviations to 15 mm.

311.04 Measurement.

A. Subsection 109.01 and as follows:

B. Use the manufacturer's package net mass to measure sacked lime or fly ash.

311.05 Payment.

Pay Item Pay Unit

Hydrated lime Megagram

Byproduct lime Megagram
Quick lime Megagram
Fly ash Megagram
Aggregate Megagram or cubic meter
Water Cubic meter or 1000 liter
Processing lime-fly ash-treated course Kilometer or square meter
(___ mm thick)
Asphalt curing seal Megagram or liter