29/09/2021, 12:15 Panipat - Wikipedia

Coordinates: 29.39°N 76.97°E

Panipat
Panipat ( pronunciation ) is a historic city in Haryana, India.[3] It is 95 km north
of Delhi and 169 km south of Chandigarh on NH-1. The three major battles fought Panipat
in 1526, 1556 and 1761 took place near the city. The city is famous in India as the Panduprastha
"City of Weavers" and "Textile City". It is also known as the "cast-off capital" due to
City
being "the global centre for recycling textiles".[4]. Panipat is included in the list of
Critically Polluted Industrial area in India, it has Comprehensive Environment Panipat
Pollution Index (CEPI) 71.91 as against Ankaleshwar (Gujrat) which is 88.50.[5]

Contents
History
Geography
Demographics
Landmarks
Hemu's Samadhi Sthal
Ibrahim Lodhi's Tomb
Babur's Kabuli Bagh Mosque
Kala Amb
Panipat Syndrome
Connectivity
See also
References
External links

History
Panipat district was carved out from the erstwhile Karnal district on 1 November
1989. On 24 July 1991 it was again merged with Karnal district. On 1 January 1992,
it again became a separate district.[6] The Historical City in India
Nickname(s): Battle City
Panipat was the scene of three pivotal battles in Indian history. The First Battle of
Panipat was fought on 21 April 1526 between Ibrahim Lodhi, the Afghan Sultan of
Delhi, and the Turko-Mongol warlord Babur, who later established Mughal rule in
Northern Indian subcontinent. Babur's force defeated Ibrahim's much larger force
of over one lakh (one hundred thousand) soldiers. This first battle of Panipat thus
ended the 'Lodi Rule' established by Bahlul Lodhi in Delhi. This battle marked the
beginning of Mughal rule in India. Panipat

The Second Battle of Panipat was fought on 5 November 1556 between the forces of
Akbar and Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, the last Hindu emperor of Delhi.[7][8] Hem
Chandra, who had captured states like Agra and Delhi defeating Akbar's army and
declared himself as independent king after a coronation on 7 October 1556 at
Purana Qila in Delhi, had a large army, and initially his forces were winning, but
suddenly he was struck by an arrow in the eye and fell unconscious. On not seeing
him in his howdah on the back of an elephant, his army fled. The unconscious
Location in Haryana, India
Hemu was carried to Akbar's camp where Bairam Khan beheaded him.[9] His head Show map of Haryana
was sent to Kabul to be hanged outside Delhi Darwaza, and his torso was hanged Show map of India
outside Purana Quila in Delhi. The place of martyrdom of Raja Hemu is now a Show all
famous shrine in Panipat. Coordinates: 29.39°N 76.97°E

Panipat is listed in the Ain-i-Akbari as a pargana under Delhi sarkar, producing a Country  India
revenue of 10,756,647 dams for the imperial treasury and supplying a force of 1000 State Haryana
infantry and 100 cavalry. It had a brick fort at the time which was also District Panipat
mentioned.[10] Founded Pandava brothers
by
Government

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The Third Battle of Panipat was fought on 14 January 1761 between the Maratha  • Type Municipal Corporation
Empire and the Afghan and Baloch invaders. The Maratha Empire forces were led  • Body Panipat Municipal
by Sadashivrao Bhau and the Afghans were led by Ahmad Shah Abdali. The Afghans Corporation
had a total strength of 110,000 soldiers, and the Marathas had 75,000 soldiers and  • Mayor Avneet Kaur (BJP)
100,000 pilgrims. The Maratha soldiers were unable to get food because of non- Area[1]
cooperation of other empires of India. The Afghans were supported by Najib-ud-  • Total 56 km2 (22 sq mi)
Daula and Shuja-ud-Daula for the supply of food, and the Maratha had pilgrims Elevation 219 m (719 ft)
along with them, who were unable to fight, including female pilgrims. On 14
Population (2011)[2]
January, over 100,000 soldiers died resulting in the victory for the Afghans.
 • Total 295,970
However, after the victory, the Afghans facing a hostile North India, retreated to
 • Density 5,300/km2
Afghanistan to avoid casualties. This battle served as a precursor for the East India (14,000/sq mi)
Company to establish Company rule in India as most of North and Northwest
Indian princely states were weakened.[11] Language
 • Official Hindi
 • Regional Haryanvi
Geography Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN 132103
Panipat is located at 29.39°N 76.97°E.[12] It has an average elevation of 219 metres Telephone 0180
(718 feet). code
ISO 3166 IN-HR
code
Demographics Vehicle HR-06 (Private Vehicles)
registration HR-67 (Commercial
As per 2011 census, the city had a population of 294,292.[2] Panipat's urban Vehicles)
agglomeration had a population of 295,970. The literacy rate was about 83%.[13] Website https://panipat.gov.in

Landmarks

Hemu's Samadhi Sthal

The wounded Hemu was captured by Shah Quli Khan in the Second Battle of Panipat
and carried to the Mughal camp at Shodapur on Jind Road at Panipat.[14] According to
Badayuni,[9] Bairam Khan asked Akbar to behead Hemu so that he could earn the title
of Ghazi. Akbar replied, "He is already dead, if he had any strength for a duel, I would
have killed him." After Akbar's refusal Hemu's body was denied honour by the Mughal
battle tradition and was unceremoniously beheaded by Bairam Khan. Hemu's head was
sent to Kabul where it was hung outside the Delhi Darwaza while his body was placed in
a gibbet outside Purana Quila in Delhi to terrorise his supporters, who were mainly his
subjects, both the Muslims and Hindus.[15]

Ibrahim Lodhi's Tomb

It was one of Sher Shah Suri's dying regrets that he could never fulfill his intention of
erecting a tomb to the fallen monarch Ibrahim Lodhi. Much later, in 1866, the British Statue of the Hindu Emperor of
relocated the tomb which was just a simple grave during construction of the Grand Delhi in 1556 Hem Chandra
Trunk Road and added a platform to it with an inscription highlighting Ibrahim Lodhi's Vikramaditya, at Panipat, who lost
death in the Battle of Panipat.[16][17][18] his life in the Second Battle of
Panipat

Babur's Kabuli Bagh Mosque

The garden of Kabuli Bagh along with the Kabuli Bagh Mosque and a tank were built by Babur after the First Battle of
Panipat to commemorate his victory over Ibrahim Lodhi. Some years later when Humayun defeated Sher Shah Suri near
Panipat, he added a masonry Platform to it and called it 'Chabutra" Fateh Mubarak, bearing the inscription 934 Hijri (1557
CE). These buildings and the garden still exist under the name of Kabuli Bagh called so after Babur's wife – Mussammat
Kabuli begum.

Kala Amb

According to tradition, the site 8  km from Panipat and 42  km from Karnal, where Sadashiv Rao Bhau commanded his
Maratha forces during the third battle of Panipat was marked by a black Mango Tree (Kala Amb) which has since
disappeared. The dark colour of its foliage was probably the origin of the name. The site has a brick Pillar with an iron rod
and the structure is surrounded by an iron fence. The site is being developed and beautified by a society presided over by the
Governor of Haryana.

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Panipat Syndrome
The term ‘'Panipat Syndrome'’ has entered the lexicon as the lack of strategic thinking,
preparedness and decisive action by Indian leaders thus allowing an invading army to
enter well inside their territory. This is based on the fact that in the three battles fought
here, the defending armies were decisively defeated each time. It was coined by Air
Commodore Jasjit Singh.[19][20][21][22]

Kala Amb Memorial

Connectivity
National Highway 44 (India) is a major road network that connects Panipat to Grand Trunk road network.[23]

Panipat is connected to all major Indian cities via Panipat Junction railway station[24]

See also
NC Medical College and Hospital Panipat

References
1. "Panipat City" (https://nagarnigampanipat.in/).
2. "Panipat City Population Census 2011" (http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/37-panipat.html).
www.census2011.co.in.
3. "India" (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=India&oldid=1034206002), Wikipedia, 18 July 2021, retrieved 19 July
2021
4. "Panipat, the global centre for recycling textiles, is fading" (https://www.economist.com/news/business/21728661-industr
ys-decline-missed-opportunity-india-panipat-global-centre-recycling). The Economist. 7 September 2017.
5. CPCB, New Delhi (December 2009). Comprehensive Environmental Assessment of Industrial Clusters (https://cpcb.nic.i
n/displaypdf.php?id=Q1BBL05ld0l0ZW1fMTUyX0ZpbmFsLUJvb2tfMi5wZGY=). Delhi: Central Pollution Control Board
Ministry of Environment and Forests. p. 25. Retrieved 16 September 2021.
6. "Geographical Status | Panipat, Haryana | India" (https://panipat.gov.in/geographical-status/). Retrieved 19 July 2021.
7. Richards, John F., ed. (1995) [1993]. The Mughal Empire (https://books.google.com/books?id=HHyVh29gy4QC&pg=PA
13). The New Cambridge History of India (7th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 13. ISBN 9780521566032. Retrieved
29 May 2013.
8. Kolff, Dirk H. A. (2002). Naukar, Rajput, and Sepoy: The Ethnohistory of the Military Labour Market of Hindustan, 1450-
1850 (https://books.google.com/books?id=SrdiVPsFRYIC&pg=PA163). Cambridge University Press. p. 163.
ISBN 9780521523059. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
9. Abdul Quadir Badayuni, Muntkhib-ul-Tawarikh, Volume 1, page 6
10. Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak; Jarrett, Henry Sullivan (translator) (1891). The Ain-i-Akbari (https://archive.org/details/ainiakbari
volum00mubgoog). Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal. p. 285. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
11. DelhiJanuary 14, India Today Web Desk New; January 14, 2017UPDATED; Ist, 2019 11:24. "The Third Battle of Panipat
changed the power equation in India: Here's how" (https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/the-
third-battle-of-panipat-954941-2017-01-14). India Today.
12. "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Panipat, India" (http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/10/Panipat.html).
www.fallingrain.com.
13. "Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/pap
er2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf) (PDF). Provisional Population Totals, Census of
India 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2012.
14. Chandra, Satish (2004). Medieval India: From Sultanate To The Mughals: Part I: Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526) (https://bo
oks.google.com/books?id=0Rm9MC4DDrcC). Har-Anand Publications. pp. 91–93. ISBN 9788124110669.
15. George Bruce Malleson (2001). Akbar and the rise of the Mughal Empire (https://books.google.com/books?id=GwSF6l5
9x88C&pg=PA71). Genesis Publishing Pvt. Ltd. p. 71. ISBN 9788177551785.
16. "Tomb of Ibrahim Lodi" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080514085608/http://haryana-online.com/tomb_of_ibrahim_lodhi.
htm). Archived from the original (http://www.haryana-online.com/tomb_of_ibrahim_lodhi.htm) on 14 May 2008.
17. "Ibrahim Lodhi's Tomb in Panipat India" (http://www.india9.com/i9show/Ibrahim-Lodhi's-Tomb-14121.htm).
www.india9.com.
18. The tale of the missing Lodi tomb (https://web.archive.org/web/20100314040211/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/07/04/s
tories/2005070400980200.htm) The Hindu, 4 Jul 2005.
19. "The Indian Army and the 'Panipat Syndrome' " (http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/books-and-more-the-indian-army-and-
the-panipat-syndrome-1157996). 30 March 2008.
20. "Raja Mandala: Breaking the Panipat syndrome" (http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/india-afghanistan-pea
ce-narendra-modi-ashraf-ghani-saarc-3063903/). 4 October 2016.
21. "Why India suffers from the Panipat Syndrome" (http://www.rediff.com/news/column/why-india-suffers-from-the-panipat-s
yndrome/20160212.htm).

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22. "Indian Defence Philosophy: A 'no-win' Concept" (http://www.indiandefencereview.com/spotlights/indian-defence-philoso

phy-a-no-win-concept/).
23. Battle of Panipat commute to Delhi (https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/weekly-pullouts/haryana-tribune/battle-of-panipa
t-commute-to-delhi/788244.html)
24. "Arrivals at Panipat Junction" (http://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/panipat-junction-pnp/666). indiarailinfo. Retrieved 1 March
2014.

External links
Panipat travel guide from Wikivoyage
"Panipat"  (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Panipat). Encyclopædia Britannica
(11th ed.). 1911.

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