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Regmi 05
Regmi 05
K I( lE 1;11111111101
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1/55
QERM .... N' ORiENT.At S(X1EI'V
(DEUT SC H[ >IORcr :',t:'.ENDlSCl-1E
w~[u.sCHAJ ·"".F.· F. V., \V. C,EkMANY»
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Regml Res earc h (Pri vate ) Ltd ,
Kathm~du: Janu ary 1, 1973 .
•
Regmi RP.search Ser ies
Year 5, No. 1.
&iit ed ByJ
-Mahesh C. Regrnl.
Con tent s
Page
1. Palp als Re1 ntlo ns With
Nepal And Oudh ... 1
2. The Mu'lim Inv8 sion of Nepal ••• 7
). An :'pp eal For The Abo litio n
Of Slav ery , ... 15
..
Regmi ReseBrch (Pri vate ) Ltd ,
The. Kingdom of Palpa a1.so compri"sed territory in the Terai. ·Pelpa 'W t'\s ther"' -
fore a 'WC8 lthy Kingdom. For its T~ Ni' tarritoryJ thn Kings of .Pelpa used
to mnke some pl.'yments to the llElwsb of Oudh. 2 .
SOIl\C of the Choublse Kingdoms 'W Cl"0 strong. £lol.pa was 000 of th~m. ' I n
his c apacity of RP.gent, BahDdur ShAh. pll'lnned to ~xpnnd wastward. However,.
Pnlpll was El mPjor impoolrnf'nt in this tt'sk. Rr,1ations bptween Gorkhp Rod
Palpa .wo:> re not cordiFl l.3 Btlhadur Shah th'3 refore l!K!de e ffort s to dev(~ lop
friendly re lp.tions ~rith PBlpa. Accordingly, he , marrie d ' tho df'ughte r of
King Mahada t r.B Sell of PalpCl4 on Magh 10, '1842 Vikrama 5 , whon h~, w... ~ 28
yeElrs of age .6 -
1. E,"'h.~ sh R~j Pant, tlPalp:'") Rajytlko /\ -jhirajya Ra l~vt.ldhs £lngR StlmbIl Jldh ~ .n
N ~pEll
(R>:! l a tions qf ,:!-,hu KlngdQm or Palpa With Too Kingdom Of t!(>pfll /,r.d H'ith
Oudh). Purnim tl, ' Yba r 7, lIo. 1, M<lrg<l 2028 (November-December 1971), pp. l _ll .
S; Bahadur Shah W1!s' born in .Ashadh 181L. Vikrr.·ma .. NAyB Raj PDnt" ~. ~ • .
, p. 500.
6'. "Hahacotte ' also Ant~red i~to the stri.ctest AUiEince 'Io.1.th j3nhadur SAhlJ:,
younge r soo of· Pr'i:thvi NarayclO, and rt':gant. of Gorkhn during th." minority
of Rnn,j Bahadur. In order to ce~nt the friendship,' Mehedatt£l his
in mnrriagc to the Fr.1ncis BucMwn
of
Contd ••.
2.
..
Bnhadur Sh::;h wanted to· o:xtP. nd the frontiers o f N·":.p2 1, which llt th.'l t
tirooa was bounded by the K.:::li-Gp~d;>ki. :r: '!er . HF' l'Ie~+. e'" ~"'1V +.0 .... '1"'-Ol1e~
territory 1n th.... w,: st dJrin\7 a period of 6 months bet-ween J <" stha 10 ;Jnd
M" rga 7, 1843 Vlkrmlln . 7 In thi s c~p,:dgn of conquest, Nc, pfl l wns ~ ssisted
by King Mah[,d;:: tta 8r>n of Pa l pn ; e Bp.hadur Shflb therefor e- gaw. him the terri-
tories 'comprising thf nowly-c onqu~red principal1t1·;s of Gulrni, Arghc find
Khonehl.9
8 . "Thes8 fri ends s ooq enkred into ~ . most -iniquitous comblnotion. Tl1(
Gorkhn f amily hEld ~ithertO ,i'ntfrely f.!!iled in all -thei!' .atwmpts to .
6xt~nd their dominions _to th,;; w-o st;, and' i f P~ lp.-'l had continued to ossi:;t
th ~ neighbouring Rt!jEls , it i s prob!) blE'. , that th .~ ir I'Csisto.nce t o Gorkh r
. might ha ve been continu,)d with success, but 'the foth e r ri nd -son-in-ll'w
agr eed , that' th':;y should in~k~ ~ cOrnr:lon l!OUS~ ~ " ·and d ! vide the spo il.
1bi s schemo co m p l~ tely suec C:l~ ded, nnd Dnrnod Elr P.:m&r o , ,r. Khas by birt~,
, but r.'3prGs'~nt ll tivG 'of ono of tht: chifl$:' f~milias in G"rlo:h:'!, Bnd :' mt:..st
g(l llr..nt officer J • uas ~en t in ' cormn.-:: r..d f)f t he r egent IS f orc~s. 11 Hamilton,
.£E. cit. p . 173 ..
9 ,': Snn'kti Ballebh i>rjyal, - '(EditJJd i,nd trmsht",dby'
' Dh~nClbaj ra B~jr a chary8 , 1), pp.142 [lOO 2}4, fl l so :'
'" !1Aft-<Jr ' thE.: c o nqu ~st , ' Oilmod,l'r ' f or mast~r t h,,· li on " s shl'rl', but
Dllowcd f.'.Dh.:1dattc t o. retflin./ls maswr Gulm1 , ilJ"gtw, and,Ka hi"three
" o f th~ sti'tes th!>t hAd 'been l OIlfi in alli:mce with his f nmily, Pnd which
h (~ wa') bound t:) protect, not only b y th(~ duty of f' llience,-bu t o f 'kind-
, red, f or ~h,.; R,I;lja, of .t. r gha w~s _ his Wlcl" ." Hamilton , £E. ~. p._. l73 •
. , 800 81so .; Eest Indito Comp eny, Frp er s Rp'spccting Th3 U'.:.pa l v-JlJr J Lonoon) .
L. ' Gok, 1824. On p.;Jge 19, this b~ , )k c'rmUl_in,s" nn English trf1nslation of
:) letter wr1 tt,Gn by '_K 6j1 LmD r Simhr Tt , .~?1: _( Sc-nior') t o Govcrnor -Gl.;·nr·r D1
. Hasting's e f th.:' Ecst ~di!l tOInpBny. liTho cntiN wo rld kno"ls ,th.?t th-?
:.Raj(,S o f PalplI , _ Pyuth1'1n, f.rg h~ , ' ~hFlnc~'l and Gulml wer.:~ independent in
tht' ir ten-i t;:·rios And that-they wer ,:.' subjugau:d by the Gorkhl! "goverT11ll'2nt
by thi~ grace e f God. BooBuse h~· flccepw d a vAssal statua, the Rpja of
lO
Mahadatta 5ftn's relations with It-.pRl could not remain eordlal , aftR.r
B&h"adur ShE; h ' s death on AS-'llldh ~, U:SL V!kramD.ll "
, - . . ., - .- . -.
Mahadatta 'Sen ;.ms _8ucce~ded ' by ' his :son, Pr1thv.1 Pel Sen •.12 Af:t,flr
this) Rana BlIbadur Shah ' occupied th(-> hUl erell s of Gu_1 mi which hAd b e_e n
~ in cot'PO:rll~ed into. PM. thv~ Psl Sen 15 Kingdom, and _r (',s t ored ·thf'om to Siddhi
. PT!i tnn, t.hi'! --heir to Gulmi'". throne.1)
to It'nounec the world aftQr abcl~ating 1n
Rl!nEl Bahadur Shnh deeid<ld,
fevor -of the 18 months old Gi"rv~ Y~ddha Vikram Shah, ~ who was bor~ 1:JJ
him from Knnttmati, his t avorite que~n . Ho the n summon3d King Prithvi - P~ l
Sen of Pdp.o-. to epply the R2 ratilnk on thC! fora~lId of Gitvan Yudclltl Vikroc1l!
Sha h on thEt o ccas.ion .of the atter's eoronaticn! 1 On Falg\Ul 28, 1855 Vikl'llfl1e ,
King Girvan 1uddbS Vikram ~Mh WAS C-rQwOt.l_d _King of N.:-pel .. l~
.,- .
lOt ' Di.ncsh ,Raj Pant, " Upe1vajnyashi:romt:'rii ~ip &ti PFnde.~ (The As trol <)ger
·L3Xl11ipatl Penoo).· Purnima, 10, Shnvan 2023 (July 1966), . PP • .L.6-5). .
ll. "MRhad.n tta wa ~ ' verY soon f orced t o oat the fruit o f hi5 vlllniJ\Y.
Dsmodnr lIdv-aDNld tha conquests of his nation to tha wes t, cnd, hevinr
' subdu~d Kunu>un) all resiate-ne;, to his fore& on tho hills was in VAin,
and Mahadfl ;tta was s oon d~prive d of 011 the li"'pe of proto ction,. thllt .
. he might .,JwvE< had . from thi:l power o.f his son-in-lew the Ngent, the
young Rajt' of Gorkha hi>v1ng - put his une19 to ' death. The fri endship
oJ the Nawnb VOIZir, hovcVQr, saved MEtMda tta, mr was . my ~;:fl.cr'·H'~otlmo-nt
IMde on PalpFl , srJ long as he , lived",- Hamilton,. ,2£. , cit;,. -PP .. 173-17u ..
\ " ThC's~,' DC't'S 'on the , part of Rona Bn hadur Shah c<!us~'d considerab l <: flxcitfc-
m<lnt' end 'c oncorn Dmong , the Bhardars nod ~eopli: of NAp"'!' The _Bnllrdars thou~ht
th" t it' Wouif! be impossible to carry M th.) .:'1rninistrlltirm i,)f thE! c ountry
i f th.=. Swami MI! haraj (i.G ~ Ronf) Eabao:lut' Shah) r ':'-11lsin..-' d in th., ir "midst . ,
, ' Ac~c~rd, i'Tl-':1yJ ,t hey t ook King Gir wln Yuddha Vikrsm Shn h to Nuwakot. Thay (" 1"..,
'Shifted th+" c"apiul t o' Nuwaknt. 'Ibis furthe r infuri a t :;'d Rana BAh~ d ur Sh .. h .
Hi s anger grew further wh... n 8~ 1 [ibl\?d rf1 Shah ini'C'r/llf-'d him th r:t th·~ Bharpll r s
wa r ..:' conspiring to l\r~st him. ''l'he Swami' Mail.2rnj then' thClu~ht of att~cki[lf':
l li.nwk ot with the h"!lp of the BhardlTs who WClN:' l r)yal t c him. He do::- cl r r ::,d
t htl t he had rc:sumed his royDl duties. Hc orderGd forts to b;, built at Pulc hok '
268-288 •
•
18', Ib1d, p~:28.5~ ·
CO,ntd ••• .
s.
ond PaknBjol._He or~ered troops deployed at different plac~s to , join his
fo~es~20 However,' the Bhardars staying in Nuwakot mede efforts to 1n5ur~
thet tlle ' troops did - not rovol.t end that, the '-attec_k OQ, NUWAkot did, t;'ot tnh
place .~ They nba summoned troops scattered "at (l1ffcre~t p.hces. Having '0(,-
come' aware of - the adequatll defensive prap.'lrations' by 'l:.h9 Bhnrdnrs, RBD.~
lwhadur Shah -felt 'convinC ~ d that" 'th€,y"were - in fl stronger p05ition thll!'1 his
. side-~ He,th8ref9re'/ "left for VlIrannsl .on Jestho 8, 1857, Vi.~~m~·, -' . -.
••
Antlpatlng on - attack on: NtJl,rakot by Rana :r:lni.., i>dur Shab~' t~e Bhordars
staying in Nuwakot, sUlI'I'Il6ned ' the _Chau.~riJcls, Kaj is and SardElrs 9f PSlpllo
As 't hey wora on th'31r way to Nuwakot, the threat. of attaek by Rima Bahadur
'S hah vllnished as · he left f or Vflran.!lsi. 'I'h'3 ' of'f'icinls ' from Palpil we~ thare-
fore -dIrected - to gO ' b~':k to Palpil. 'The Bhardllrs (of Nepa l) irere natUraHy
worried over the possibility of King Prithvi PAl San of Palpe t':'king' sides
with Rana Bahadur Shah, They f!3t't that tht: i~ , p6s_itio!unigh~" b8~C?mc d~ff1-
cult i f Prithvi Pal Sen join~d hands with Rana Bahadur ShAh. They., th"ref,,>r ": ,
sent a mes~age t o Prithvl Pal Sen on behalf of King Girvan Yuddhll Vik,r~lTl
Shnh on: ' JesthS 9, - 1851' T1kramc~' ,teUin'g him th(lt the old 'treat~- cOnciud:".d
with him ' had been confi:rnrd and , cskihg ,him to 'come to NiJwakot. l '
20. : Samshodtwn' Mandal, Sav.!ldhl'ln-'Patrll (A 'No te \vDrning).' No. ' 13, ' pp -~8-1 0 .i
Bajracharya l!nd Jnyan' M~mi (eds.) ,
(t. Collection -::.! Historic.o1 :;~j;~,~;~)'"
pp. 286-29";
(Tr 8nslat"'d
68 ~7 S )
Yeer 3,
• Spm.
DOCUlrpnt T~ . Vikt.em!'l -'
Pumima, _ 2025 (Octobcr-!».ccmbar 19<>8), pp '~19E-
202, 205-207~ Dinesh .RC'lj P(!nt, D,<1ivnjny~shiromcrii' L.1XmipAti Pnndo,
£E. ,ill· pp. 50-51. :, . I , , :
21. 'Frorl:" King G~rb.::m to -the Ch.:ltittiriYas ~ . Kaji;3, <'od :Sard~rs _,of P~ lp~. IIS1no'.
we had urgent work here, we had -asked you t 'o oom,,' hore urgentlY. The
work ,which htld bee~3tart8d 'hereh?s ' bA~n .:Ic·cc?mrl1shed. ,You' five Chau-
tariyss, .KSjis arid ' S£irdtlrs should now return from the plecc wrerq you
hsve reached and i!lttericl to' yb"'lr househ'-old: affa irt ~ Ybu may think thct
since you have already come helf of the 'W8Y~ 'you should go bllCk after
offering your Salaams (to us). (But) the time for war k has com e pnd
you may be infested with m;;lar1<l on th ,~ way. You therf!forf! need not
CQ1I'e her.::. 'Go' b2:ek. Rema in cc:refu1 about affei·r s in thet STQCI. Co EE'ct
infonnation about developlOOnts in Lucknow- end eend report to us. Jssthll
Badi 11, 1857. 11 Regmi Research Seri.es, Yoar 3, No. 4, April 1, 1971,p. rO,
Contd •••
6.
23. Records of .~ _ K'a usi -Tos~.akhan~ Offic~ ·: . From Shri Shri Shti !:I-ahan1i-v.-:-
noOOn. SWami (with titles) to Ch<lutara Surbir S•.n Dnd KaJi' Ronell!2rdtm .
. ~n (with titles). Greetings . \-10 wbh b')th o f Y0U .well. We- havfi r~cei"d
your · lettc·r Elm noW9.. th£: contents. Previnusly t..oo,· .our )!lother- h~d
is~uod you l! r OYl:! l ordor graiit.1ng . Y"u'·'honors and fnvors. TodaY) .;You
shoul~ e~tr1cate your King from the conspiracy of 'bad e le~ntS md·
help lOC' to strengthen my po:;1tion. In C1"!SC I om obl!' to do se,· He shall
. bestow greater honors and fevors on you. Rost·l}s.suri: o in this rHsp ce t.
-, You will gat mc1re detailed information 'f rom the l fo·V.'-'r of Shri - Shri
as
Shr1 · P£lndit; well as person!llly from Pndm3pani Pandi t. Uh1'lt moro:-
(to wise paopl~ ?}.'·Camp : Bennros_• . Mondoy, Marga Sudi 15 (correspondini·
"to Margn .19, 1857) ·Vikrmoo." . . .
7.
l
'. The" Muslim Invasion of Nepal
By
Baburam Acbarya.
(In ' ~n - introd~ctO'ry note, Naye Raj Pant writes: lIBefore e1ving "me
a c opy of this art;icl.eJ. BClburam J.charY<l m;lde the f o llowing revelations:
ul had fir s t given -this srtlcln f or public lItion 1n the ShP- r ada . However,
the mllgs"z lne refused to publish it witho ut the permission of tho Nepali '. ·
Languag,q. Publications Board (Nepllli Bhllsha Prakashinl Sp. miti). The article
was theref ore !orwtl rded t o t~ Boa-d , which st.3ted that it could not give
c le aranj!_~ : with-::ut conBultlng Mdgendra Shemsher, its Dtrec to r~ A npr (! l •
. Mrigendr.B SharrBher r. eplied that he had no knowladgp of history and s o ~ I
should approach his .Wlclfl,: GGne ra 1. : Kaise r ShDlnshor o f t hr-.- sou thorn conmflnd.
I the n mG t Gone r s l Kaiser Sh1!mshor. He -told mO that he had no tlrr,,~ to .
r ead the n.rti c le ·. Howcvc l"', he asl:ed me to l eave the t1 rticle with him so
th~ t he c ould ·ra ad it ·l."lt er. SOIll'3 months later, Kashi PrElsad JSYl!5wal ·
cama to Nepa L . He published thu text of the .stone inscript i on · l ocat9d
a t SJlayambhu, "ll i ch r oferred to tre Mus lim invasi o n C!f Ne pal, in the
Journal Of Tha Bihar And Oriss a R.. ~e 3r ch Society . Ka i spr S h~l"cr llltin'
asked me why I bad given 'th e srtich t o Kashi hasad Jay Fl swaL I denied
having dom so . I also St3 ted J "'l'herr: we r e soma porsons who ·had watched
me r~rod:ucing tbe stone inscripti o n at Swllyambhu. They included Tilak
S.h amsher ThDpa llnd the Gubhe ju · of GhllOtse:hDr. Kashi PrElsad Joya swe}, . mi g ht
have learnt o f ,the Muslim invasi en of Nepc l from these pcopl~ . f/JQreover,
Kashi Pr asaCl Jayaswal, in his article, has ma de· nn rcft!r 1i! nce to i tho Gopsl":'
ra j Vamshava li. wh!.ch I have usod os one of my sour ces _I! At · this ; Kllisf' r
ShFlrnsher thundered, "Whllt do you think o f mc . Don lt you ree liz e I can
sllck you 11! I r e torted, " 50 many peop l o. have mi g r ~ted t o D.<lrj e ~ ling only
beclluse you wie ld s uch powers.1! llft er his vis it t o Ne.l-'tll, P.Dhul hnd pub-
li s he d a n article praisine b':)~;h Ke iser Sh<:mshe r rnd t lr.1 Hl1hil9 Gu ru j u
(Hem fulj Pendo). On the o ther !J::: nJ , J a yll~"W ,~ 1 Pl'll ised th~ Mahilll Ouruju
alone . Kaise r Shams her wa R ~w Poy from KathrlJendu durir.g J Oy(1~a l's visit.
Kaiser Shams he r had t aken o ffens c· At Jaya swa l ls f e iluro to prals.p. him ~
a long with tho ·Mahila Guruju. He tror~ fo re pour(>cl. his w!'sth on rre. You
-: ;.
~ l" ,.Baburam Acharys, 'tNep.al.ma Bhaye ko 11\J.allWoi J.kr<'ma nll
(Tht.. Muslim ,
Invasion of Nepal) • . Purnima_J 27) Asw1n 2029 (Oc tnber 1972) , PP. 154-
161.
Contd •••
•
8. -,
may make a copy of i ,h iS a rticl.. if you so wish~~. li:J: l ose it, a copy
will remain with you. 11. With these ",ords , &lbUI"dm ,Ach<1ryl' handed over
this artiqle to me as w~i ll as the t ext of th.1" stone" inscri ntion at
Sw£lyambhu. I gave the text of . the stone inscription to Bbo l n Na th, DhAne_
bajra and Jnyanmoni, who first published it in t~e S.: mskrit Sandesh 1n .
2010 Vlkram (1953)." ...
Unless ono reads.., this erticle, om'! ..,111 find it bllrd t o believe thflt
Muslims had eve r invaded "thc C£lp!.t91 of NRp-.1L '!'h is is natural, bec<!use
none 6f ' thG 8 or lO 'bookstha '~ have s' o fn %' bl....~ n ",rit-ten about",the. history
"of N~pal ' r e f ers to this LW8sinn . l>:u::. lims hE'd . in fa~tJ' inv:aded NePl! 1
early in thE"; 15th cen tu ry a ccord i ng to the Vikr~mn .-3r R. Thf:! invas i on was
a ' ve ry fie!rcl3 c.me •. No historiml-tws so f ilr calfe to know of this .invas i on ,
-because he has not closely sClutini'zcd' ancient dc.culTPnts. Pr of . Cec il ,
Bendn lt of Un1versi~y College o f Lond on , "'ha ;h<is 'T,1.!lde commendable: (-fforts
to shed light on the political his t ory af the' h il',~a r Kin ~'d/)ffis of ~r 8pl.l l.
.. ha s 'written an essay entitied IiHis t 0:,ic f1 l I ntroductiont! on the bas i s of
ttm cnta log o'f the N~ p a l IAlroor Lihr.<!Tj.'. In pr8pc ring this e ssay, bt: used
f oUl' Vams hava lis of Nepal and ' took ?hoto - coOJ i c s of s~ of the ir f o li os"
I ain 'sure that a il thes,; VfJmshnva lis cont.2in [! reference to the l-1us lim
invas iOn of 'Nepal. The - in'l<l~ic ll is-;J~ so ~ nt-ioned in the photo-copies
obtfj iro d by him. Even then, he fnils to dis cuss the inv-p.s i on i n - his essny.
This l eads one t o c.onclude) though Nb:.ctnntly, that he wns ignor.:;nt o f
the J'!lE!anit:{; of the sentences dC!lc rilJing, the ulv,,:s i on, fJlothe r , document
referring to the Mus t:.m invElsi(/n of NapDl is the st.)no i nscript i on deted
l~s hvin Sudi 15 ; L.92 NepEll. Er a inst...,lled a t Sirnb hu in ~nio::y of th3 build:l.n"
of a. ChlI itya by Rajenc rshn. · It is these two dJcwrw:-nts wh.ich shad 11r,ht .-;.n
the, Muslim 'inves ion o f Nepa l. '; .
The meaI:l.ing of
the sent'Jnces contElined in the f ourth rlpd fifth line s
of the document No. 28 (Pi.ctc No . 8) cited by Bend~ll 1& as f o llcv.JS: ·.
"In the meantilT'.e, 'Su lten Sh'·!T'!s ht.:c;:In-1.11 Cllme ,to Ne pal from' the ea.st and
orc.l.te the ima ge of PSShUPll ti int,O · thrae p i cc~s . , ThEi whole of Np.pEll was
ravl~gE;d , Pani c spre<:ld <llJX)ng the o:.ntire pP.Gplu . On MargA Sudi -9, 410
Nepql- Gl'lI , a· terrib1G suffer5.ng oVl~l.. to'O\{ Bhcktapur.:! Thir. event had
taken ' p l ace on Septemb~r 19; . 13L.9 /1 ,D ,
As' this stone inscription confirms tha t this iri~!"si on hEd been l~unc hed
.W -the Musl:!.ms ot .Ekngal, it - is nflcessBry ,to make II reft~-r""nce to the coo-
' -' ~empo:r~ry pcliti~~l ,history. of B('ngAl. Bengal hod passod from the. hends
df Laxman. S:en) a Hindu King, into too control of the Muslim 'e!llpcror of
:Delhi arc'unc!' 1261 Vikrqma era. In 1391.! Vikrama (737-38 Hijrl) J .Governor
-, Kadar ' K!1ao of Bengal W.:lS 'assassinated by :<'nkhruddin, his aroor. bearer.
Fnkhruadin had . committed 'this act tnking ar.lvanuge of the l oosaning con-
tr9.l' ''9{ Emperor Muh0_d Tughlflk of Delhi, who rulcu from 1382 to Ih09 .
He thim':'t6ok over thl3 cont::-ol vf thu State cnd proclaimed hirosi:! lf emperor
of Benglli. 'He mtnted coiris in his:nama.~2 · In 1397 VlkrElmtl" ,hlluddin kil.led
Fakhi-udj)n an~ himself · bO:::/HlIG : ~e omper,or. The follOwing year, h8 wes _
~s 5essintl.ted 'by H(:lji E11ns. whc th;;'n boczm8 Sult~Jn and llssum'!d the title
of Shamshuddin. His ru18 laswd 15 years. 3 Emperor F'e roz Jughlaq (1408-45)
lobo succoeded MuharmlBd 'l'u~h l <,q, ir.vod<:ld B~ngal in 1410 Vikrama. But having
f.~~,lad to eubdue ,Shsrnshuddin, h8 was fore(~? to concl'loo .B trca ty.L This
see!l1S :to shoW" that ~hemshuCdin Clias . Shah had invadod Nepal before the
inyasion f r om Dolhi, or whitc-' Muhammad Tugthaq ' was still Alive. There is
. ~. no d6uby that SuI tan Shl:!MShudd.i n of Bf>nga 1 li s the pBrsoll rp-fa rred to in
~~.. y,qInShaV~~~ .·Of. IJepsl and 1n the stone 5.tcriPt~on of Simbhu • .
.
2' . Ish"ll:ri
.
p.r:~fU;'d;~ _l-Iedie-v~l · inai.!l~ AlJ.llhablld; 192B ; p. ·2L·S .
'
.. .
.
..
.. '
' .
3. Dev~: P:t:'ssad .:; Y8:va,n .B.ajvamshave-lL l.llahabad, 1910, p. 30. ,
L. Ishwari Prasa"d: Medievsl Inc'!itl> p. 249.
Cantd •••
10 .
Nay~~8 ' Devi 'a,fter th~ "death 01: ~Vllia Den. " ~arlSh~ba~r8, Davs WlIS e ithl)r
poi soned to ,dea th o r assoss.il'll'ted 1n 1.40). Vikra ma. , Nsyakll Dovi WAS' preg-
nant at that time. Oopal,;HarlshchCndra.'.s brothe,r, ' csl!8 to Nepsl with 8
rarga nuntJer of his' folloWers to protect or take custody of .his s1star-
1n':'18w. Hovever, Jsgat Siroha, 0 prince bel'enging 'to ' Harisimha Deva's ·
" dynasty, drove Gapsl o ft and beheaded hiM, captured Nays ko Den and took
,.over the reins of administratinn. Hr>wever, Jogat S1mh~ was impJ1.8oned
within a few months. NaYllk& ~vl too died soon. leaving a 10 days old
daughter behlrxl. The Intranqull atmosphere ~at f o llowed Jllgat Simhals
"U:lkeover of thr> admi nistration thus C8nP. to an end. Howeyer, 7 mnths
l ater, in 1404 Vlknllll!l , Aridovo died without any he lr. This l ed to .!l
struggle' for succession . Finally, on the' advice of a ll, RSjadeve, son ryf
i,nand::" Devll ,'Wll s enthroned. However, pO'WEIr was shared by Deva la Dav! and
RaJad~v~ : ' .
' . ., .
l S' roonths 18.ter, ip 140$ Vlkrsma, fashupatl Halla woo was poulbly
~ir to ~vna · Devi, WaS imprisoll3d. , Dev.a l ll Devl decided to give t he
title of r egomt . (Uparl!.j ) t o Rajala Devi, her e rll nd-dll u~·~ter . She there-
f ore ma rri.o d Raja l a Devi to Sthiu...J<..alla in 1.s hwln 1Lll VikrArIlll, · although
Rajala Dev1 had hllrdly attained the /lee of 1 yellrs. The Mus lim invasion
of Nupal took: place' lIbout J years end 9 months bofore this r~ lTiage , And
E:Xact ly one yel!.r after ?ashupati Ma lls was imprisorwd. BhaktDpur ....a s the n
tt)e ' ~ a pital~ Ul vala Devi lived there together witb ber minister s . Raja-
dev8 probably lived in Lal1tpur at that tins. .
!- The sugges~ that the iINaslon had been launohed ' from the
e as t. Ule VamshDva li, Bhllkupur wes devesta1led o n the first
day of the inv.asion, 'i. e . on Morgs 21. Ac~ord ing to t he stone inscription,
. . the . Sway!!mbhu Chai tys was burnt on J.lLirga 22 . This indicates that Sham-
shuddin hac .arrived with his Mus lim troops from the eastern sid e . The
MakwanpUr Area was no t popu l ous lit that tima. There ",ss no main routo
leading 'from the clloito l Qf Napel to Bihar through thnt area as at ,present .
There were only two r outes from Bther to the cli pi tal of Nepal et tha t
time. One led to Bhaktapur through Slndhul1, runni~ along the banks of
the Kamala river. The other l ed to Lal1tpur via Harihstl>ur ' slong the"
banks of the Bagmati river. How~ver, 85 ther~ existed danse foreats stong th~
r oute from H&riharpur to Lal1tpur, evan trovR llers from western Hihar-
used to visit the capital of Nepal through S1ndhuli . They r eached S1nqhuli
via Harih srpur. 'In ' I S.2h S8mV8t, Major Kinloch t oo proceeded from Harihar-
pur to Sindhul1 1n his .attempt to re8ch the capitlll of Nepal 88 .onmsn,der
of the troops of the Brit,-sh tast India Company. The route from Benga l '
to &pal tbrough Sindhuli W8B 8 direct one. Henc8-, it ,is definite that.
the Mus lim troops marched to }(epol 'through this route •
I
11.
Shamshuddln was the founder of , 8 ' State as well as & warrior, He made
Bengal fully independ~nt.· Tht,s· Ind~l'pendence ias'te~ till 1632 Vikram8, by
whlc.h t~ L or 5 descendants of l Shamshuddill had ruled it.- Shamshuddin
prob8b.ly int<lnded to annex Nepal" Thti Muslim troops had accompanied -him ,
to Nepal purely with the ai m of (pl under Until 86'yesrs before this invA-
0
sion, the rawere ~nly Buddhists pnd Hindu~ in Bengal, and there ¥8S no
trace of Islam there~ Buddhists ~rom Bengal used to visit Swayambhu while
adherents of the Pauranic (Hindu), religion worshipped Psshupatinath ..
Thousands of Hindus from Bengal used to vi~lt 'the Pashupatlnfl th temple
on the occasion of the Shivaratri I, festival .. It wa s the custom to gild -
Chaitya-s , temples, water_t.,-rps, ett·, in Nepal. Foreign trav.:!llers regA rded
the gilded port,ioos --of thes e struct1ures as really made of g')ld~ The f\en w
galis and Bihar1S believa d that Nepa l ",as a - prosperous country~ t,s a result
of the Muslim conquest of Bengel, Bengal1 Hinaus h_a d started converting
themselves t o Islam. During the ryle of Fakhruddin, systerretic alTsngements
were m2de to convert Hindus to Ialam. Scores of monasteries had been ·set
up for t 'his- purpose. The . living at these lOOnasterles employed '
·c lever·ta~tics to to Islam. Ho",ever, the number of orthc-
dox Hindus who 'were oonv&rted in this m.!lnner was ve ry srnSll, because -
Hinduism had kept its spirit ?live. Only the ' adherents of BuQjhism,,.
which had already lost its e s s en~ a J had been 'converted to Isla~. In fec~J
nearly a 11 of toom had bcco ~ l-h s lims. Sh~mshuddin t oo' originally used
to propagate Iabm'. '!bat is why those Buddhists who hld been newly con-
w rted to -Islam had gone to l oot Nepsl. Many. of them had pr Aviously' set:m
the Swayambhu and the temple o f Pashupatinath when they we re Buddhists.
They we re ,therefore familiar w·ith the routes leading t o th()se ·places.
'The Satne converts now invaded Nepal to plunder too 'g old-plates adorin::;
the ChaltyRs and temples of Nepal~The number of these invaders was pro-
bably not less~tnan 20,000 for so many p eo ple we re required to destroy
Bh a~ta pur Clnd Swaya mbhu l situated at a distance 4 Koshas, ·within 2 day~ .
hccording t o . the stone inscri pti cn , the' Muslim tronps first demolished
the Chnitya and thon burnt i t comp1F-tely. 22 or 23 years a fter this inva-
Sion, Rajahar s ha r ec.onstructed ' it fr om the very fonnd a tbns on thC ol'd=:r
of King· ft rjuno., Deva and .Regent Sth1ti l-lalla . The tells us that
the temple' of Pashupatinath had been destroyed . ls· not
seen a single temple like that of Pashupati.mth, the pagoda style .
It is therefor e pos s ible that the temple resombled the chariot of Matsyndr~
..nath or the temple of Jagannath at Purt in Orissa at the tire it "",as dellY)-
lishec. The custom of building the cM riot o f Matsyen::iranath every year
had been contirlult1l3 since Loo YI.:::,.rs before the Mus lim -invasion. It is
therefore nature l that the temple of Pashupatinath shouid have resembled
the chariot of Matsyendr ""l n.:! th at that time. Templ e; not built in the
pagpda stylo as seen today are found only in Ch~Cl . Hence it is apparent
.. Contd •.••
ttwt the temple af, Pasl1upatinath w~s recans tructed an the Chinese model
after its demolition . by :t.tva 'Muslim ·i'i'lVsders. 6 '" -'. '" .
;:;: '.;' .. . , '- .
If the ,destructive Muslim, hordeB cpuld redUc~
, . the main Cha ityss Bnd
,ttlmp l e af Ncpol to ;suc h ,a, pitiable condition, tMY 'Would not have spared
the stupas, Chaityss, buildings, watet,:"spouts,-. "etc .in att~r tmmsand
_:vtllage~", as., wo-ll. The: Muslim invaders, in fact,· cans1dere<;l" i t ' to 'be their
prim\3! .du~y to pl~der, pillago {lnd demolish every thing. The Vamsht'vali
~tls .us· ha'W t.he towns and vill?ges of Nepal had been burnt aocl destroY':?c. .
3;t ' ~lsl3 descr!pes the tE.rr1ble s l aughter organiz ed .in Bheku!'pur. There
is,-howover, 'no means to. Bscer~in ,the ~xact numbp.r of 'men and wornen
s lilugh:ta r '3d in :·,this massacr e . Haw 'th2 Newt'rs af N()pal r~actcd 'Whe n th".
--Mus.lim-m-my invaded thE-ir lllUq i s still El m.:ittor ofcanj~cture . 'Ihey)lsd
abc-gd?noo the.ir villages an::; 'town s 'and oo.v:ed t o' the foreats 'Wh~ri Kirlg -
Jayatar-i Malla in'Vad8d. th'.l ir country 60 years oofo~ thE: Muslim invasion. 7
"
. " ' ", .
Both the ,King and -thel people .must have fled to thO: fo r Gs t s, l!8ving .f,Quncl
.. , - . -
.. -6 ' ~_, 37 ye;;irs: af~r '~h' iS ' ·1.n~aSi()n" t~at is, in 1,444' Vikrerrlll,
a r :"resentn-
the o·f the Ch~m5e emperor caroo 'to .King Madana' S1mha of N<>pf1l. I n
lh61_Vikram<l, Dno th~ r Chinese: p.nvoy a rrived in Nop.al and canf~\rrcd 11
tHle ,onMadanll Simha,·s son, ' Sh~k.ti Sin:l"'.a -(Sylvcm tf'vi: Vo1.2,
pp. 728 - 30) I am" however, of th", opinion that _Madflnll ShaHi
SirrdlG ~~~lrc Kings of DolBkhll .• In any case , th~ Nepalis th2n 'usfJ d to pay
'-visU;S t o China or at least to Tibet, as - frequently a s they :iid 100
year:s " l!go~ In 1479 Vikrerrs, King J)"oti Malla of Bhlla-;' :lr offer ed '8
.golden jar (Subarna KalBsha) to the t9mpb of Pashupatinath. This is .
pr ove a by the stone inscription : of ' Jyoti Malla (Dhagwan D~s-, - Inscrip-
t~an No. 16), which -refers to the est2bUsbment of ·a - Chp-itya by Jyoti
Malla ot Swayembhu. This possibly indicates thet he- had built [. nl<w
Chaitya La years after the r~cvnstruc tion by Rajah~ rsha. By that ti~,
'th(' t 8mpl e 9f PashupatinD~h had be co·'compll"te J . This me;;)ns thot th~ '-.
tcn.;: l.~ of PasQup!!tinath_ [lS we 513<':' it Wlt! had been built after the first
Chines" E;-nvoy I s 'Vlllit to N,spa 1 ei thEir during tho Inst ' ye£lrs a'fter -' or
the doath' of , ~ thiti ~llf<, passib1y- b etween 14.50 and 1460 -Vikrama.
7.. There is- no OO:ubt that the Jay~tari ' ~l1a ';t:m-tio~ed' t~ tm' o ld VamshD-
of N:-;pal vas the'King ' af Jurnla. In i) 'J.Bt~ No. '7 -f, iV". m ''.in t ne
. '. by BGndl"ill, ' the follqwing .. tlccount of Jl'lyota r~
is g i~n. , "Jayi1tnri,. Kiot; .of _ th" I(h"!:'i ::~''' J first. .
came! in Faushri '408 St'mv~t. M Simbhu , 80') KhflsiYDs kille d _ (or ~JC're '
killed?) I flS .'I result of' which uoth th., King llnd his subjec:ts fl([ld
. to the f~rests . The Khasiyas thi2'n fle1 c:nd th(.) ppaplfl C(lm.:~ back t.o · _
their homc:.s ." One s'-ntence ~ me~nine "the Kh<;siyZls , could not gc,t fo hd-
grains" ., contained in tl}e V'lrnshaVllli in my poss'Jssion; is missing in
'the abov\'!· account '. If thUs ap~llrs_ thct th(, New. rs hlJd -driven out the
-fo rc e~ of 'J eyatari Malla by blocking all e xit am ()n:trY ', 90ints for thr
, BUp~)"ly of' foodg rains~ I?endCl U's a ccount cref1tes the impression that th '1
people who fled to thtJ farests w~r f' KhAsiyas ~ Tl"e word "R!\shtr an:'rcferrr ·'
to i!'l th<) V~mshDvali Clln be ·.d6 fined to includ'3 the Kine .'ln~ too ~pk "
Cc:otd •••
l).
',.. , ',
it unsar..' to ,·"tny ,!\ll in th,;ir homes dur1ijt ths"Muslim
... inv~slon, /'lS tho:>y
did during the pr~'vlous attack on BhsktaPur. Th'J cnnny must have burnt
and destroyed houses iln!:! ChdtY<Js after finding the m empty •
The effect of the Muslim invasion did no t last roors than a century.
It w~s terrible storm which wrought gre a t havo c. It WllS natural thnt it
s hould have beon followed by a lulL Tb", houses, C,haityas an~ templ -::s
which hAd bean burnt or d as tr oy0 ;~ w ' ~r :: r i:' c~nstructed one after nrother.
The process o f r~c ons tr uc tio n must h~ve be ~ n complet3d by th8 beginning
of Sthiti Malla's rule (1415-$2)1 which tl)ok Nepal to the hei!':ht of pro~rlss.
If.1 the cc;urs,;; of building new towns <lod villages, the prtlctic') of c::ms tr.1C-
t~ng verandahs wns start~d. The practice originated in Chine. Tha term
K~usi was ca riwd from the Chin~sc languagtl. It mlly therefore be B SStIITI<" tj
_that the practice of constructing verAndchs (J<llusi) begt'!"'. 1J1!)~ wit:l t bet
of constructing ~mples according to the ppsoC~ stylo.
(Contd)
Those who came out of the forests and returned to their homes could only
~ the King and the people. , The Khasiyas we re S01diars, not a nation in
thems,1lves. There is no reason why the KhaslY8s should r r.turn from the
fo rests~
Cc-ntd •••
The rule' '6f Jyoti Malla (lL63- 8S) , son of'Sthiti i'~anl1, wns al so an
epoch o f progress. It WBS probably Jyoti MallD who hael comp l et<:d the
r ebull.d1jlg of the tarJ'flle o'f Pashupa tina th aft3r off?r1ng : 03 Kalasha
t o tt, as ,wa ll as · th~ Cha itya at ·Swayambhu . T~,us the rebuilding of whst-
&"ler tt:mplas, ChA ityas and othe r monument s there r emaired- t o be' robuilt
might. ~ve ~en fully completed ·dur1.ng his rule. The- o l d St at e of Nepal
Attained ,the peak of expension durinr tM pe r iod of King ·Yaksha Mtl lla
(H.8S-IS3?) , son of Jyoti Mallt. The northern frontiers of ,th e State
extended to Sikarjung , which i s f ar ' beyond the existing borde rs of Nepal.
Its eas.tern and west e rn frontie r s reached onl y. upto the- Tarnor :md the
Bh(lri r espectively. In ·tho 'Ta r ll i, the frfmticrs s tre tc hGd 'Up to' the' '
Ganl,':es J probBbly up to funghyr. ' The tr~de ' ccnducte~ by Biht'r p r::! Benga l .'
with Tibe t wes upder the con trc l of thE' N,' p,:-Us . This was why. t.he __c tlpi t .: l
nnd other' adjoining ' towps were pr osperous dur -~ ng th ~ t period, and whY ,no
trace of . t he Muslim invasion coti l i remain l ong . By this tine, S genertJtion3
of tho,se who had 'd irectly felt the im~'lct of tho Muslim invasion ha d passe,i ,
so tl'lat the Nepal1s forgot the devast.etirll invasion. ,This i s l-/hy even
histori an s Ar e not ew"r~ of t h is ep i sode .
" .
15.
Page 37
men t used by s la v~-ownP. r s of other couptries which, howevnr, d id no t
.mawrhlisc whon abolition came. Iri t hJ: ebs tr ~c t i t l ookS , pl AU;S iblo f'nf'uf"h,
but in t'ra ctica l l ife the," fo rce o f it / i s JIIuc h rf- duc~ct . Thc, lib ';: 'r :, t;crl
-s l tlvfjS ;rr:us t li\'e upon wor k a nd ..me:n thnt i ~ mod,. remun<1 rD tiv~. tJ'!.'"'Y ~ r<:'
not Hko l y 1;.0 p i ck and · choos'-' . Iri ·f£c t those who ha.ve to liv!'l by .l abrJur
will not refuse wor k 'whon they cnn oa rn thoir liviru! by .it. ·n,.,e ' stross
0': the times has introduced' vi o l~ nt cihl!ng;:; s in t hn ('nee" Ti gorousl y. com-
partmentod " Vritti. ~s" o f th!3 diffl?; r rm t "V<)rnos" fl nd CDS teS. Tha t, s tres s
I s e. r esult of. soc1c:l 'ec'lnorny, " nd chang~ of occupation has ' now brCCTTr
so cqmmon as t o have ceased pr e cticol ly t o dr~ w t he attentio n whi c~ it
did in the pas t. In mnny pnrts of Ind i a , the E r~ hm1n s regul arly' carry on
tha cultiv a tion of t heir l onds with ' their own hr- nds. Many o f y ou hElvr! ..
be .:n to Slldrinc th in c ourse o f yo ur p ilg r1ma ~bs and must hav~ . noticed ' .'
t.t.o .higher castas of Kum<lon :md GhoI'iowl l both hill m ~ n akin t o ou r s ,
with sacred _threR d, e ngaged in thtl 'W o rk ') 1' po rter s a nd "dolta " bf'o r ers .
Tho Dhannt Sastr .:ls 8(,Y t h:.Jt in IIcpll t k.'J l lI such ' thines <! r o no t b l s JIl<)worth:v .
Thi.s Knli Yu g<l Tr$Jy b·':' t akon !IS !'l con tinuous u<lp<J tka l ll • Conside r fll l non..:st
wor k- c!s di 'g nified end you will not l o St:: ' in s .J lf-esteem , n.;;ithCr b e c'Jl'!le
degenerot..c. in '
Pag<;.- )8
roo r al s . No onc shoul d be in ·t r oub l f> b" cpuse of too o ccupation he fo llow"
fo r his living , am ' last the castE. people bf-coI'llf perv(.lrsc ' on()ugh to
create suc h trouble, .laws hav(i boen " fr~ed to gunrd 6gllinst :meh cOlmlunal
ab~e. It is provided thtJt .no onn s ti'::iuld st.:lnd .i n th,~ way of anotre r 's
efl rni.ng his living by hon,--st l ab"ourj ' thllt any on') may lmg<.lge · in any dc clJnt •
or proper 'WOrk ,wl thout incurring ob l oquy. ThesE: s hou ld be - f , un d Ddeq'.J..-:-O t,e
Bc ha nur RaOll~~~~~~*~.~
Contd •••
16.
SlDvery of the smoo kind ,"g ours was a t one time preva lent in Indi .'1
," F.lnd in the MaJ,.ay Peninsul? 1n such pl Aces ."lS ?orak :101 e lS8whe I'\." . But.
-ne ither History nor trnditirm r:hows th~t .'lny trauhle or difficul'ty
f o llowed the nboliti on. The slavory in thE! hills adjoining our "18s tern
and Gastern frontiers was prClctica lly identica l with -:Jurs. Sincp. the "",
nbolition they hevc got un q uite wall. :Neither
.. '.
Page 39
ther efore from consideration of conditions in c('l untr ics closely analogou s
to our own rio r from a common-sonso view does it ,'ppe a r that the nb..,Ution
of slavery is likGly to l or.d t o tho confus i on end trouble as anticipat ed
or apprehended by 't he pr 'Jsent c..M!l!O!l'S . If it had been 11 good in~ · ti t1 4tio n
it would have survived all attempts t o.) gi:t rid of it. When , many countries
havt! abolished it~ i t would be foolish 1;.r) maintain tlw t "thos~ who di d· So
wore less wiS'e than we ere. I t wou l d be idle to be apprBhansive that we
m::y fail where neArly the whol e world hns btx::n succ'e ssful. That would
ba ' ownine s o~ inferiority in us and this imputati on, if made by any
ou tside r ; y ou wou ld 00 the firs t t o resent. I n f ece of the j udgrrt3nt of ,'
ths wide world, even of ;) country liko I,by.ssini::, wh ich you h... ve r ead wn ;
the nho:i\:: '.}f abo rigines e nd which n ?s w~ry late ly abo lished t he l eg'.:! l
status of sl3v'C.'s , how could wc main t a in that loW ar€. :'n thp. r:'ght." in up -
holding the' i'nstitut i o r. in our r4dst ? Does :lot your consc ience e very
molTJ:mt f'CC US f)" you of perpet uDting Cl wron g to ~ class of yo ur f « 1l0<J b ~ 1n; : I;:?
i.e1;- us , s .tudy , El. lit'tla Clttcntively the group of nNn who <:I r e cnme.rs.
Broadly they ·m.a y lie classified thus. First, we haw thos<:: who have
" r ece ived s laves 85 patrimony nod 'Who h~ve maintained ili em , in Bome cases
at a loss, .
Page 40
for presti ge, t o uphold th'3 honour of thfl household. They detest tte
mon6y that can b e got by se k of human beings, their f 6 110w cr e:a ttir:esJ
in .:!ppeara nc~ ,: f e:c lings And s&nsibilities like t he ms t?lvi'ls <l nd o nly thrown
into a pOSition of perpetua l servitude by an ~) vll dl?·stiny. Such owners ,
Contd •••
·
twv~ the~rf.ehii~n,
taken cdl-e o:f'ithflir slavos as haVE! married them,
given them 2ssistance to rear the ir young children and support the ir old
parents. It would not take ' long fo~ these m~sters'to be convinced th~t ·
the institution i~ fundam:mtally bad, and they would be the fir"t to
volunteer in ' this good cause to liberate their SlaVOCJ5. Tho slaves ' ar<?
lltteched to thGm'llnd they have, therefore, nothing t o feC! r on thair . ,.
lib~" r ation. In som0 :=ases tw sl.'los arc so only in name even now,--
th-:tn why s_hould t l')ay not be frc;;mon ? 'l'he eovr:! rnm€:nt have the greatest
h?pa. t~.<! ·~ :s\;.ch _will core forw~rd in -the,ir numbers- to offer the exlimple
er.cl tbe- 1~1d' , n\3eded -in Such '8 movement. The Gov"-rnmf'nt count upon -thorn
most and expect . not to-. be:t disappointed. Thon come those -who _maintain
s laves p'tr~ly fO,r th~ir labour. Such owners have apprehensions- ~ s : to --
t,heir futwe ,if ./31ayes aN freed. The masters live perheps isola ted
and depend entirely on their slaves t o carry" on their hous<"l"old Pond farm
. wo.rk . hn - attempt has -alr0!3Cidy bo:.'On mncte to
sho-'" that their positi(ln would impr o v~ under a free ltlbour system, that
their feer of a dearth of lllbo'll' did not appear to be we ll foun:led _a nd .~
was against ordinary e conomic l.,ws . Thf::!y haVE tht'; sympathy (If too Govern-·
r.1ent ..to the: fuUE:st ,03xtent and Gove rnme.nt are prepDred to consid~r airy
re,8sonabl" suggestion they lIIay rrtt::kc t a' -provont dislocatirm of bustne'ss
and at· th8 same time to -ame liorate th~ ' cOndition of thG- -s lev.os.' MI'!Y \re
not Gxpect that such owne rs also will comB forwnrd t o hol? ~he Gove rnm~nt
in aboliShing the institution? Their voic<:' would b," the deciding factor,
and · will, they bEt so hl1rd he-'l rwd ,H'; t o vote agcinst the slaves? Let us
- ho~ wt. \'le com.:: t.o the l r,st group: ' th:l:>0 who llk,intain slav~s t o cerry'
,on ttx!ir n~farious kade in human beIngs'j who 00 not scruple t o separat':.!
the .huB~nd from .the w-ifp. the mother from the child; who do not scruple ' tn
resort to bRse. mothoqs, to f! ircumvent ;t ho- law; who hop.'} to becom., rich
by ..a traM tlP9n which rests the curse of He:ElVen, a tradA whic-h is' oVE'r"":
l oad~d.- ' ¥ith ' thc. ' IMden toars of parents and'children. · This aspl';!cf of it
is tht;. most r-'.' prehensible, the most revolting of all. It is so' repUgnant
to the c1"iliz,ed. Wi)l:"l.d that they feel. disinclined t o have' friendly inter-
co:ut'se wi-th , na.tiol1s who retain the, institution:- they' oppose recognition
of .such
Page L2
n<ltio ns as. civilis!3d till an' end is put to it. Apart frOll'l questions of
morality) leaving aside the growing number ef
desertions amongst slaw.s
to tho detri~nt of the best intll:rest of the country and too Goverrment, ..
this consideration alone is enough to compel any progressive Govermrant
COntd •••
16.
, . ,
to t.!:!ke i1llJl2diate action' to maintnin its post tion fn j,he estimilt.lon of
_other. nations 1n this' nge of civl1is~tibn. It is to be .fervently ho~,d
that -the Governml';nt will have the support of 'a ll loyal 'subjects and ,all
citizens 'who - take pride
. in the good' nane of this country •
The Govemment for a long tfroo pa$t have realised, as overy right
thtnking man will do, thclt the institution is fraught with evils. As ,
far back as in 1896 $.£. they promulg.qted a Lat Mohar in whi.h <'Ill the
f our IlVarnas" "and thirty-six cAstes were emphatically prohibited from
recruiting or g.1vlng' any free mo, WCItI<IO ·or child into slavury. This
was no doubt: intended t o dry up the very source of the syst0m. This has
pvsse.P into tl law s nd has be!;.'n r c -cnflct;:;-d 'we r e very successiv(" Goverl".m Cnt
since t hen . Subsequent le glslElt;ion 'Was also directed towards ameliorating
coooition of t.he slaves, and anything 'Whic h 'Would be a crime i f cornmitt'.' d
aga inst freeman was declared to b~ so when committed against a slaw~
Sane enectrents such as the
.
Poge 43
exemption of slaves from b ,.' ing captured and restared to their owners
dur1n ~ · th e ir soj~urn 'in some -parts of the country such as Nays Muluk,
Morang eta., 'Were made ostensibly with th.:"l obj£ct of colonising such
··pbces •
Contd •••
mads free, wS~l.d (:1Fd a way to becorre ~! -!ti~~ oorely a question of
tilTJR, Then w\'tT not "entic;tpate whet you cannot prevent. when by doing so
you qan cut your losses and beccme the pionep.rs of ;) p atriotic 1'lnd hUl!\lmt-
tari'ln moveTllf'nt ir the country? Why not accept wha,t the GoVeI"llIlcnt 15
now <?ffe ri.ng. why not millre 8 vU:'tue of nElco;sstty and ~arn the grati,tude
of th8..r~fty om; thousand odd -of your fellowmen ? As _8 wise people you
,should look :ehe.ed and fore-stall" trouble. The laws indic ~ 1:B the fQ'2Ungs
of ~he Gover.n~nt; th'-"ir sympathy with tb(: sufferings of the shws and
, their ,efforts, ~fruitful though ,they b£:ve hitherto be.m, _to improve th",
lot Qf tho$8 ·in ,bondage. But we do not deny the t the Governm~t are as
mucn responsible for' the continuance of slavery h~r e as slave-Olmers
themso lves. Their ul1fo'md", d dread tb-et it might bring distress to the
whole population, tho '.lg,. sl<'vary was limitvd in incidence, their vACille-
tion i:1 the past, together with some disincliretion, possibly t o 'incur
heavy .expenses for comp...>nsation, f ormorly modG the m mow' h~lf-heartedly
in the matter •.
PM9 45
and more intim.~te contl"ct now, is pressing on us with .all its mar.al
force in every .matter ;md '....e ,':'! r·" c0rnpell.ed to move in this rrnt-wr also
1:..? b.) abreast of tho times ~ You rCllll:mber I think, how, do spite sone
opposition, we totully put a stop to the heinous pr~ctice of Sati-a
practice which was mora intirretely cormect!" d with our religion--by An
03nnctroont on Thursday the 25th doy of !.sher in 1977 S.E. I now ask you
whnt unwalcome results have f o llowed this abolition as apprehAmed by
the small dissenti,mt mino!"ity th8n ? Now knowing th.'lt this institution
of sln~ry is founded upon a wrong and unholy principle which permits 8
ration;;l being to_ have the same right of property over another as over
bC : :i sts £!nd anim.;lSj knowing th.1t with the best orgenisation it cannot
be f~ ed :-rom evils and vicGS ~n:1,"parably cssociat.::.d with it; knowing
tha t th" l.nstitutinn is dop;rad1ng t h.-, morality of slaves ao:l their rnt\stor~
low6r and still l ower from day to day, Ami e bc vo all. knowing thet the
continuance of the institution in our midst rests like 0 black patch of
ter on the otherwise fair name of thu n a tion; shall you not, shall not
tha Government and we all, exert ou rselves vig orous~ to removo it at any
sacrifice, at any cost? i'[<;: have h llirnt on the authority of figur-es in
the r ~;g i~ter that the r emov:.tl of slevery will eff0ct only a vary
Page 46
small number of us in tho whole population •. We SEk_ that 99 p.c. of our
people even now are living without slAves; thet our own poople, so to say,
Contd •••
20,
I! you Are all-a ~reeabh J AS I a rdtmtly hope you will bl': J let there
be a total abolition of this institution: an instftution Sel ~bomln2ble
in its" v ~ ry nature that it should not be tlllo\>dd to continue in {'fry
CQUfltry and which, <''IS you .!lll, must ,fe E 1, is cantrory t o every s6ntinKnt
thElt f)Ui~ht to inspiX'\! th~ brtJ.ast of men. In 0 rd ~ r that t~ masters m.:::y
not hi.: l osers, and to pr("!vent any possible dislocrtion in the soci a l
economy, th~ following ;proposn ls .Dre plncod be£~c you for c~reful con-
... sider<ltion and opini on: with suggustions to ensure pr:1cticlll success and
to a void any difficulty or distr"! s~ to either m!1sv..rs o r s18vAs. It is
prnpos"'d that:-
Po .. 47
1. On and from (': ccrtain dat.:;; to boa fix e d I:Is . c ·~rly ['5 pcss i bh,. in
conso·n 2ncc withthB gGn':rBl opinion, th', lcg nl stFltus of ·sl.avery
do ··coase and tcrmimte throughout the Kingdom (>f NOPfl1.
(Ta Bo Continu8d)
(S.B.M. )
R..:.,gmi R,;scorch (Priva te) Ltd,
Kbthm ~ndu; Februa ry 1, 1973.
Edito d By ~
H ~ h .:; sh C, *emi.
Ccnwnt5
-J
4. The Ncp~lga nj Markat ... 35
.5 • .knci,",ot SElttV,mants I n K.:lthmandu
Vnl10ay ...
6. Currency Units, 1850 ... 40
By
n..'lburam ~lchDrya
Bhadra 1762
(J..ugust 1725) ." Gorkh..:..: occupied Bisenkllu from patan
with the n~lp of Ohadgaun.
Kartik 1782 ••• Gorkh~ helped P"t,:,n to defl:lClt Bhadgaun,
(October 1725) Patbn, Kathmandu and Gorkh~ sh"red
. booty of lis 2L~oao and 2 elephants.
POllsh 1787 P<.ltbn and Gorkha launcted d joint
(December 1730) ... invas ion of the araD south of Sang~
in BhQdgaun. Bhadgaun r~pulsed the
invasion with the help of Tanahu and
Makwmpur.
1792
(1735)
,'" . Gorkh<.l inV.::ld20 rh.'llaLut. Kaji Mnhf:lshWcn"
Pont and K~ji Jayan~D Rana wer~
defe;;.,wd.
1796
(1739)
,. ,.. King Ran4ji~ M311a of Bhbdgaun
iJllClt:xed pal.:onchok Dnd other villdges
from Kilthm<.ndu.
1799
(1742)
" ... Prithvi Nar£lycm Sh<lh I..iseendo:ld tba
.throne of Gorkha.
i
~8a~'~b~ur~.~m~~B~h·
of Gorkhals
174. The ct)ronology
~'~~5~~~~~r27, Gh;;. t onr, 2029(Evunts
• hswin ,11 Dur1.ng Thtl pp.163-
(Octobor 1972),Ptlrlod
VikraDlil, Th.) rbmeining portoion wiU bb
translated in another issue of the Regmi Res88rch Surids.
Contd •••
K'artik 1799
(October 1742)
..... .
_.
-. __. Gorkha 1.nV<id~d~·N:U~a'kot.
Pant wns defe&ted.
Kaji Mah.:.s hw£j·~
Marga-Chaitra 1799
(Novembli:r 1142-
·.. Prithvi NDraY3n Shuh visit8d ~Obrns.
H.~ ': had lJ fiE;ht with sentrids on the
March 1743) (;omCiti river.
,BhadrD 1803 ::
(l.ugu.t 1746)
· .' :
.: 8hadgaun ano'Gorkha Jointly oQcup12d
. Nag<:lrkot Irvm Kathmdndu. . .
Contd •••
Kartik,180) •••• Gorkha de£~ated in Battle of Chhalingo
(Octooor 1746) Shivaram 8as~t killed.
Shrawan ,1811 0,' • Nagarkvt was until then under the
(July,1754) jvint oCI::ll\->8t.i,:m of Bhadgoun and Gorkh",.
Nc.w Gurkh . . took svl~ (Jos.session of
NegClrkJt.
J&sthb 19, ' 11314 Gorkh~ a"t"tackod Kirti[~ur but was ' bc-J "':!
(June; 1, 1157) dcfaat~d, K~Lu fance was killed.
AstwJh ,1816
(Jun. 1759)
Magh, lil16
".... GJ rkhD oc:cu!Jied Sh"l)puri f " rt .from
Kathmandu.
C'.Jn"W •• ,
'25.
I,swin 9, 1.824
(Septemc. r 25, 1762)
... Bng1isn forcds, c'J m(;rising 2 c0mp mids
hd by Capt <ll.n Kin1ucn, reJCh",-j Hdri-
nbr;:;ur.
I.SWin 24, 1824 . _. 0·· _· GorKn;.;li tr"..;oLJs dr ':"Vd out tn.J \;!n<.iInY
(Ocbbcr 10, 1767) frum Harlh"r) UI' <.:nu cc:ptureJ 400 VI'
. . 500 gWlS .
r;artik 1825 ~ •• ••• 1$0 i'ieWCirs · "ho h<.l,j b:;l;in c"nVt;.rt.dJ t,:
(Oct.ober 1768) Christi.iluty wure l.:XL:·~ll\~ .... '-'long witi.
th..., Cath0lic MissivD !'rum t'Oltan.
Contd •••
..26.
.,
Magh 12, 1828 •••• Enemy troJps oosililg~J th::l Q'Jrkil<.t lis
(January 25, 1112) in !)bor, wht>so) King jvined th~ fQ:m,_l"·
The Gvrkh~lis surrunJ~ ruJ . Sarddr
.2rabhu Malla, aan<J sur i': n:.le anJ ~t.r...' :::
wer<:l CD ,! t.ur""Ll. The r dst I.:lSC<lt").J:l .
Contd •••
27.
Shra wan 16) 0 o 0 0 Q.Jrkll<l li troops oc cu,·' dt.'J th~ clil) it{Jl
(July 16 , 1773) of Clla u:.lnnd i.
Magh 1, 1831 o 0 0
Finaa <IN herebj iIl~)()SUU ..Ill ..,.,rs(.;os wtl" t.l~l.l or p ur ChL!5~ " put<l l.i fJO"
Kitla t l<ln:.:ls~ The r&tc:s aI'b .. s f,,:, LLClWS;-
Ijllr lldar s sh", ll transmit tu th<..: l)clactJ fineS ';'0 (the salt: anJ ~urcht>s ... j
of J\putaU I llnJs exceeding Rs 100. Tht: .!vnuli aho ll ",:_propriate fineS u:J
t o Rs 100.
Any par soI' who ac ts in contr.:J'lElnti,:..n of t.h",se r l::'6ul ati ons sha ll be.:
PU!!lshcd. Nc.o puni shment sht: ll 00 a warded t c. t.hos ... not m.::nt.b~d in t.h~
r ;)gul a tions or in ?att.. s , or t h:.;sl,) wh" do not c0ntravt:.nt:l th<2 r £lsu1at.1Nns .
Ooteot. cases in which t.tK:St; finoJs aru It)vi~b1Cl. I n C.:l SC Cl Bich<;ri i ::;
d€l~.ut ad there through Dit t.hu San ~hyu VaiJya t.1 c , l.lt::ct thc s..::: fines. _., r~$~r:t.
yo urs'::llves befor ., him rmj Vay t ham if you hilV\;; <.!cta~ in contr uventivn vi
t.hes.:: r «gul~tions .
XOrigintl1 .Jc.ooUJOOnt in th\.l \JOS SVSS10n uf /'i<.:hcsh C. R,.,t9lI i. 1'\10 NVllrG.., s i Oi)
of t.his dvcument conta ins the sign<..:turcs of R.,n~jh~Jaj 'l'h~~CI , .l.jambar
Sim Pantha , Il<llabhanjan .i'l.lnJc , il"rasllr,h.:l <ln j S<l;Llby.., VaiJya .
29 .
(Cunt!.nu;;d)
It wi ll b<-..:: seen fr vrn th..: aho y;; th.::. t th -, Ouv:.. rnrr.unt ..,r ;,i d is,.-ost;J t v
pay t ha statutory [Jrice f (.lr ~ w ry Sli.lv.. ,..n whvm t nt:l c l~l.lII (if thv nu,s t ", r
i s fu lly E!st&blisnec , lmJ th,J t fur "'s ,; vc;n Y<:i.lr s f r rjtc tn.- J<..:.t..: vf 5~na r a l
e mo ncip ~ ti un tti~ own~ r s will r-aceivo th ~ .:JuJiti'.:. . na l b..:me.t;'it of r .::taininc
f r .:e :J s l avc-s 1J 6 th03 i r w:)rk(; r s witho ut _;AlY j ust DS thuy a rc J oing to-Jay
s ub j'}ct t o t thl above p r o vis o . During 'th.:: t tim,: t h.' m Jnr:y , if invus tt.: l
at moder a t e- r ate uf intar . 1 st !I t t~n p . r ce nt ::: nJ tilt..: in i...! r ",s t <~dd'!~
th;~
t o t ha .c a,p it £' ~ .::.t thl} unJ of .:, wry yco r J will . b;,; ll lmost J oub l <.J i.J , whi}":' .
lit th~, usua lly
Page L6"'
~ r Gva iling r lltc uf int(; roJs t ti t s ixta~ l'). I"" r C.:lnt it will b ... n:.::a r.Ly trw bL ~· .
1;11 t h.) lib::::ra tuJ s l iJ VGS will r 6nw. in wit.h t.1'l..; ir IJIiJswrs f ...r t h;Jst.> y '-1D r ::;
Ju::;t in th ... S<JDU ;wy a s U ' t hDY W..:r ..; nvt l iburl: t... j , ~n:.l it. is h .....J:: .. 1.11":'\0
thtl t ime BU <.o w<:J will b..: ~ tdfiCh.ilt f ur t h,... tr6ns it.i",n t u ct systNm .Jt
hirr:: . It i s 'b-: li..:yt;;,.z' tr.<l t fru.;J s l dv .s w1.11 t hus ~I,) t o ccus t um..._ t..;,. tl i<.
nIJ'W cundition of tbint!;s . 'l 'h.., !lir... ch c: rg~ will ..: 1 5 ..; .... jus t. it .. (.:U' . '1ll...
fr\3t> d ,s l~v~s huvine t .:; \l0 t. n... S.-tr;8 \r{.,rk aa frt. ..;m(;; n .;url.l1~ t.hoJ s ;:; vuu ;:" \:l;" r ... ,
will not fin ":: it obj:J ctL,n<.: bl l..: t ,; c,m tinu..; J.J int;. S 'J ,.1 t.Jr t. r"" i,,:r b ..: , o,; ~ l _
will su ttlo.:l J,)Wl'l COS hirdu l "lb-.lur.::: .rs l. 1J 'lot!.::: ! oc{J liti..., s wll .. r ..., · th\jY .., r .... .
I n f a ct , i f the- m.. stur s Utill.Sio th-.:: tim", with t il Ct <..nJ l r ... .iu.::l.l.Y ch"' ng""
f r om finJing tn,;;; t't:iuJ c:n J clot h:j.ng intJ ~i.i y1ng motlvy wagus t hy tr<:m, itl. ... lI
c un c ~nfi,jcrrt ly ~xp~ cted t u bo..! u sm....ot h on~ , a n .: t o:> ClimUlLl t 0 IIIDny 01'
thd Clpt)rehen j l,,;": J UficultiQS which -'l r ... rn.:>re im,, ~ inu ry t hu n r ea l • .
Cont J •••
30.
neCCBBOJry to frlilllt3 ruloB f ;jr . the .Bu i Cnnce 'Jf ipvest1g.:.: tini1 d1.'iccrs whe n
th,J wJrk 1s un:Jert8k~ rr, ·· csn:J- it · ts s\lt,)(,;'r flul,u;o "t-6'-s's y tha t thtJsc will be
. calculutud to · min 1Ir.ise harJsnio·
cCons1uerllta 'ii nJ . . dnJ i:lxpou it,:, work. U..lW
as rtJgar j,9 comp:Cnsativn, ' St.lltutory price s silcm t o 'tx.: the oo st t J f v ll."w.
S1l., va8 in this cOWltry.' 6r~ M t -quite surt 01' CO/llllCtJity wtich they W rl:!
c.:;ns ide red t o be ' in other ;, l.nC[;! S wMre s la ~ry was r r uvalent. '!bere wt= r lZo
marke ts \olhc ro the p~ic .} s coulJ b.:; 5tu d i~J -bn.1 ctvorage s struck, but her.. ,
-purehe se lInj sa l "" thuugh
'the j)ricc s they
..
I}By . or
. upon mBny
i~ ro v<lli.; ntJ 'Wk~ r., l<:lc~ betwcfjn in J ivkhwls ao,_
acc ~pt <lre"Je ~Jt;nde nt ~ rs on.::ll c-')n:; i .:ler D-'
- tic ns a n.] ,61'<: ncit s1m) l~ qu,,;.stiun s of su;"p ly tl nd dCDlDnd . In s ..;,me p 18c,,:s
a purchosor is un t~ ' l u:..k-out -for .<l s l .:.vc, but the ro are rum..: tiva llabw
and if be is in. urge~t n e.·..J -,;,1' Ms tDk<!f! a f ... ncy t :J one ha will .. oj tlves
pay mure than the s t atutory l)r1c.;;. M -.Jth"' r own·.;! r may ~.Ics sass t uv many ,
60'': wouU ' g ladly \:art with sum.: at <my l-"ric(; of fere d i f .:>nly h," cuu L.;. 11ft.!11
a Vurchaser. H..:Ire of cour'so th", ;.: rices :!r oJ Jetarmin(: .l by .rece,ssity " nJ .
sotisfaction. An Dt.tempt wtlS mBJ~ t.u co lwct i,ricd!:l fr . . . Jr' ... iff""rtmt l '-, c,, -
liti.;,s for thd l/lst sixtoen yutlrs in orde r t " s trik .. on ;:! Ver<l g,:" , '.J11 ... it
wc s f lJun·r that ' fur variuus rtHJS.,lDS tht:! .... ric.:. f or s yount: rem.. l", slbw :.. f
stlltUtory' agt! J wtlich. is th~
,
i 'age 50
bus1s of calculation 4n 1~ ~ / ' va ried. frvm Rs SO t ,-, Rs ,)50 . 'l'hUti it wil~
~ se~n that n o average can ' ~ s a tis f oct..:;rily 6stablisr.o ,j , 'no:-.ithe r can
th.;t actua l ' ~ ric e tAl l .:.i' be t a ken tlS the basis bUC£lUS<J iu must inst~nc.as .
trustworthy dc:.cum.::nts will not . b.: f " rthcoming . Hence tt.1.i st&tut0r y (Jric ... oS
ar e the only p ractic ab l~ basis uf cn lcu l -lti~ n .
In thoa pr ocess of raojjustJr,~ nt the " ld, thoJ .infirm anJ t:.h..3 chil Jr on
8J1lr.mgst· slaves who used tU bE: muintaineJ by the ir mas t.:.:rs · ns i J l .:- MnJs
will naturally ' ~c ome ~r.-O nd.ent, thd .o l d <:im.l infirm . Ut-(.;n tt:!.;';:ir cdult s JUS
end daug~te r s, vnd the chl1ur~ n u~on th.ir i 3~nt s . · ~vngs t libera ~ ~
Sl llveS those vht? can wil,l work un hire after the s~ VCtn year s ' f: ').Jr <.:nti -
cosh1p to support t~omse lve5 :~ nd th ... ir fumil1tls j th~ r <!t.:l. .of hira c iol nn ~ t_
be d ifrerent from the p r evail ~ l.~ca l . rate . Tho wiso ma's ter will use
the interval or the trlln~iti~n~ porb J t o ch~ngu tha system . . . f nw int...n oncll
to wllges ' in kinJ er mon,?y a n';) incrGioIse 1ihl' S£iJIlU i! S tht1 · burden of J~p(; n.• . ,r;,'1
is t hrl")WIl on .::Jult workers til.l th~ .1QCEll r ote is rI:3chcJ. .- S0m~ o l -J U!': I
infirm sl..aV'~ s m<Jy hDp ~3 n t~ h<lvv no aJults t .:; de~on.i u;.on anJ -.rill
pr obDbly 00 maintainod by thb m<lst~rs. uut vf chu rity as ..hey :IN .:.hJ l.nt:
ev~n now. 50100 of t~em .1gllin 1ll<JY finj an llsyhull in t~ _G";JY'"'rtlfllr~ nt char.it:'
h~-,ws 1 if thlo:ir
C"'nt l .... .
, '.'
31.
PagG 51
Page 52
th", his'tury of the uboliti;)n o f slavoJry it will bl,; f:;.und t.hi:it in,svm,:
British dcpendencir:ts t~", system uf .:lpPNnticeship w:.::s tried, witilo in
some co lonitl~ Clnd othor plDco:l inlmJd i .1 "Vo1 ",br.l litLn w~ s preferred. It is
a question to be decided -:: . n thv rno ,iority oll lnirJn (;f y;:.,u all. ' On tllo o~
sida it will giva tim3 f or roodju:Jtm.;:nt ond will Iwlp ,t:; <iugm.: nt the C J IIl-
pensaticn .:!nd " n the ·:lthe.r s:ml-3 mill b0 -inovllwni"nc",J by t h;;, bl'r<JU3..:ml.lnt •
•
If on thi::' otllcr hand y :lU fuel that t.ut .. l abc,ll.tivn is n;)t d.... :JirabJ.:::;
ut -th..: ~r!::lsent time, the Gov",rnmt;nt, cOflltl",.l:1,:.:,j un..:br circumst,'>n(..vs ~lrt-.:{. d.l'
detaile:J J will hav';! to introduCQ c ~ rtdin m" u:;ure:; to·,) .:.:rcJic .. to this mu!>t.
glaring ,.)f a!:>uS!::sa 'Iba slaves must b.:: given u gr'~ct..:rc",rtainty in th<~ ir
f umily relations by tlrvhibition of tho sop<lr!'ltion "o: I!t,~'JIlber3 of Er family
by u purchase anj sale. Trbft1c in sl.wes <J[ll:'ec.;,s t ') ~i:iV" be <:n r0pugn r1nt
t:~ Bome of our Shc:;strakaras. Ap.::rrilrkn; the tllh.ntcd co;;mrnunt :; tor of Yl;ignl'
ValkEr says tllua:-
NariQal!l Vikrayal!l Krtvs' ca::'f:cc~ndrn:yan0l!' Vraulli"-:: '
. ..
. . .
Dvigun~~ Puruaasyaiva
' ..
-Vratamahurm2n1sinan,
. .
in othar words: in the 'o.:>j)inion of the gif-wd-',s .. ges .om who aells a fen-;:..;'"
'~houldpertOI"lll8 IIChandrayana 1' anu ..,00 wllo S01l8 1I noal>: shoulJ do twic(;
that penanctl. '
C:mtj ....
32.
Page 53
. ", -Yag~' -:Valka' --smrit'i~ " i1nrk~~duYll,'
Linga, Bhsvisycttara bnd. ':. '!'her Purt.:n,:.lS
contdin many particular injunctiuns agtlin5t'th.:l -;. r "'p tit;.oi. Fur exampJe in
-' , ' ' .
. V1shnu Ihllrmottllra ~ haw :'- .
,
Ka~ baY~ , :C.<:t ; da~~ ca Bvagrihe
. -,' " .! .
B8mbhdV~ n
- , -
6ubhl.:n
- ," . -
I _ . ' l' .'
i'OpyttV8 drlJo ' mohat . F'lJsh:..de:t,arhsca
, ,. .'
Sa btluktva. yiitanEh- ,sarye pa-s~~~mdh.o bh.aved1ha
, '
Taya dehav1~uddhyarth~m
. pr8ya~cittam1dam
. ... . · §ubham . ..
Tho's 'e among 't he .IDVijas( (i~e_: who ~ea~ ,tbt:I', ~<\~r~J thre.. d) Who - ~ut. of
grosd sall a daughtef.:, ; ... ,horsd :>T ll, :;;l!;v<:l girl, born iJud br::;ught up in
the~. h~us.,hUl4'B" 'Wi~' bti .born in this earth ss "Vyc..Jtwsll (thu l.cw '01L55
. hunters) . aftclr having suft'crt,:d en:.ll~S5 '\orturos.
.
Dvijah sampadya yo dasim grhadharmasuk-
-
hapwye . .
csndalo bhavedbhuvi
• •
' ..-.
.1.Et. tb.~. "Dvija U who having a~~ljuously got a sl;:,Vf; girl f or his hous;;.-
hold · -WOrk, sells her afterwarJs roducas hiw.self to the It:lvc l of a
"ChIlndala ll in this world.
Cc.nt..i •••
.3.1 • .
'So let us st:lP purcDase and 'sa16 ;;i slaVl::ls an1 se paratiun ot JnE:tllibers
of t he f amily from alleb other; let t.h.. law providing ,an opportunity of
~lJIancip atlon f or any slAve wtian about to be sold ba mada mon; ~ ffectiw
snj com?r~ hens1ve by the Go ~rnmgnt itself t aking place of the kith and
kin when norie _c omes forward. The Government will be rea dy t o b~ llny s l ave
or slllves whenever the master is inclined t o pa rt w1th them BnJ t o LOON W
such after ' the p W"Ch~ SB. 'Iba liberatea slaws will hav\:! th;: oiJtion to con-
t i nue li'1th the ir erstwb1:1o masters as biNd l abourers or to l<J8Vo3' . them
• As they may t hink suitable . b.oothe r effec t will be to make th" slaves maN
indus trious wh<m th .... y know thi) l c.w, of which a t " .:>re s ljnt they s :Jpoar to be
ignort.nt J t hat
Page SS
whatever th&y ea rn would ~ma1n ~h~ ir ~rop~ rty t o ~ ive th~m un o~~ortunitf
to·· bUild Cl hOll\t:l out of su.c h earnings, Thus tw;..; t :1i..ngs n ow wnntlng W a"tt<.ocb
t hem t u thu ir l and of birth wi.1.1 h aVE been !.;Cn1",vdu. But ... littloi::: COnsiGd -
r a tion'·will sh ::Jw that. th", vuwrrulldnt C!l1Ul4t · s t011 hO N~ Even wne n "thd (Iur -
cha s;) ·and sc.li; uf ·sls w B is st OrJiJ~j , tn;;: gro wth in slevtl l)(;,~' ul.. ti..:.n frum
n;;w births will s till continue, 'lbv Gowrnm;.:nt c£lnnot be; t:lxpt::ctO::u tu t<..k,,""
Upon t hdmse l ve:s an uniimiwJ Liability vi buying up such children f or an
indefinita <=,,, r1oJ,. in order t o.:.: s ... t them freo.: . Sv anothclr law will haw u..
be p assed a long with thos£ referr~J to ju~t nOQ tha t children born either
of sluve O)aronts or of shws cnd fre';Olon, a fter Cl speoified da te, wiU
be free ipso f acto .. Thll t data will oc fixed wl:tun tha Govs rnmant aN in
OOSStlSsion of the conside reJ opinion of . t h", a ssombLY .: But c ~ th"" avow d
purpOBa of the GowrllflK;nt is the ·abo lition of: s l awry t o remove tht! slur '.
which rests on the oo uritry, ·Cln,J cs tllc. t ob jo.::ct can ne'lo::r be achi8vc-d unLvss
<lnd until stcrt is made in right dSr03:st, ttlOy in"t<lnd tu l1~rote 01'1
slave children of nine year s of ~ or be l ow oQ th", s.:J i d d.. t;.& by vaying
tbe s tatutory pricos t o tb.e own-..< rs. On thtl <onn.:nlllOCm<:lnt of the J<lte, ow<..: r a
of such s l a v!! c hildren shall 00 pt::nnitteJ t o ;Jut in 2nd pr ove the ir .
Poge 56
•
Cont ......
05 a pN ~iinincry step' t o total abv lition. ,In' f-sot such la~' lKirJ pn ssod '
. in sbll10 pl.8ces, such' as in Zanzibar 1n :18~9 -and "1890 A.D. ' prior t o .the •
' t otal abolition in 1897~ i', .' - ,. ', ' ... . ' , ,~
., ; , '~ .; ., ' , ,' - .. , ,.. :. ' .
.ila i . ha~: said s·t · th~': 9Pe.nfug'j)· it i s (1 dulictu':., ·quJ':;t-i,:m, :·it ·.is a-
social <lnd '~m cconomic . quast1on, concerning ' ll> littl£l · more tl),<J il s . ixty-:
seve.n thousand of us, abJut. sixw(;n thous'and 'of -whom· i,ll\:: ' owne rs and tha
rest slDvQsj and though this numbt;;r i s small, wry swll inde;ud"/ in
comparisun lJith th~ t otal- popul:[,tion yet ' it l 's 0f import c:nc<; anough t i.l
r<=qui!'e that we· snou1<.i · 1:..:lkd 'cvunsa1 t;.)g"" tha r anJ LJ')t-' t such Rltii.iSUI'dS ~s
ara agre0d upon t o be the
Page 57
bbst,. The who lu subject hCS be;:;n .,J iSCUBS..:J frum mtlny ...-...:lntos of view but
just 'as "lino ,wa;Nr elon.:; · knows wha r .. exactly the s'hv'''; ' L~incqas, toh", sluvl:::s
and .; ~o. ?~rs wil~ bo3 tha :r<lrti bs btlst abl~ ~ . SC;id w!l,,:nh.ir ' !:+.L t.n~ "r,..:,s·
. and ·cons have ·been ;cons i dE,z"e '-l . ~,.)u aN (;I ll invl tJ:::':' "to r i:: t-lre svnt yuur
op 1n1o:ln, on . the many t op ics t.)£ .t<.;_d<lyl s di:3courSC.,. in l-lritint;; undur y:JUr
hand knj s~al f~~ th~ consicterat10n Qf tne 'G6VJrnmci nt; ' Th~ ~ 1~rno ti~5
are sut ~ qrth bElfOre' y ou ' <lnd if; Y9U c~ n po int ';ut' ~ th t:: r s so cs t ::. :Jc~ i(. v.:,
th"" . obje~.t . or, _if you think ,on..! prdcNb l .:o t.::.. t.h~ ·.:.th;l r .. yvur: views, will
.. have propor . weigqt in the action which G-:tv"rnm-: nt.mo;f t",k:" . Y0 U kq'",w th " t
a good .Bction is its own Nw:.rd, as it so cures f or you' thG:.f.JV::; ur .ena
approbation of . God Almighty b.: f ort:l wh ~m t ht:lr" i s n.:.> d istincti£in of slave::;
and fret. men; you know the religious merit atttindant ~on thu lib.:.rati.... n
of sloves and you ·will ,s uruly ,; ..;rticiplltd in it by your ect1w coup"C r ;; t ,i ol:
with the GovE:rl'll'll<:lnt in r..nding ~h() .institutil.in;· yot:, ov... n in ht::Liot.. t.,:. .
<.!l!Ie liorate their cond ition. I . bt..vu alre",dy d",j1c.:! t ",:::. Cl swn ' 0)£ f ).urUsun
l skh Rupees for tho work and I .,sha ll do my bost t o Si!cur() <lS much 'mol' ';:
as wi-.ll be nec£:-ssBI'Y. l,p .. rt frum the demznds Qf Ro ligi on', ' Justice a,nd
Humanity-no m<:l8n con s ide rations in thamst:l lV'..i5 ,.--· roi;coll.i:.:ct that- th..::: b':;'st
nnd vital interests of
Pago 58
'. "
soc lc.t y, t ,he gooJ name o f the c ")untry, thd ' W'.::a l · ':'nd wc:: :-f fiftY"one ..
thou8a~j of your ,fellow beings h~lj in sl.<lVl;lry--slbVE:ry cif bOdy snd soul.
-- ' rest in your h.,O(js.; so thut the 0iJ iniun th~ t you will g i w, will bu
op.E.! , uninfluu~ead . by any fh:~ lfish' c~nsiduratl.vn; · will bt:l una ..micI'"; :might. .'
with .00rvpriety co~ from thl-i soir..os of' t.hti gre<lt. f:lIW mighty.·o.nc;,;stry .
which . is the prid,t;; of tv') cOWlt.ry. ·': tr.;.nti-...lIlioln, .-whOit I h <.i V;'; '51:lid I huv,,;: .
5,j1d fr Qm s ~ns... ot pu,olic duty. I h ... v.:: nu :r,vst.il-ity t o th"" o~rs 'of
the 5 l (, vos: \cvmpt:r1l:~at1vri . to the ovnt:lrs, .• m,",n 1c i·"<Lt~.jp to.v thb s 1.. v.. s,
Cont.:i •••
3 s.
thl:lst3 are my desires i this is just the cunsumm~tivn on which all my hu~us
are ~lDnted and tc which I earo~stly beg you a ll t o e i v:= Y0ur roost vigo-
r ous help. •
\o/ith earnest ,)ra)"lrs to God that Ht! may give us alt wisdom to select
the pr Gper course, couragC1 tiJ ( ursu<:< it, ability t,-, i:>erf'Jrm ,_·ur ... llott..;j
pDrt in it and turn the h0art of ,~ ll to feel for and incline us to help
those held in vile bondage, let me bring this long discourse to Cl close
thbnking you for the p~tient hcBring . you have given to it and big with
hope that with God overhe :.:d :.:md heurt within WE:! sh.:lU be .. ble to &cniJvc
:';UCC~S6 in tht: gQod c ... use in which ~/" :.. r 6 &11 ~ng.::.gtld.
new m{,rk'.Jt wus c :: mstruct..;d in rj" Jf'I.lg"'oj in Vl...;W '....f th ..; f :! ct tnot
.u.
you W""JuLJ hav.:. to tr-1'v'31 f or ilni i l.:'cur l.oSS0S i f y~ u vl.sit. In'::b (Mr)g !['l1)
.~·v r tN d..,. PrJvi,., usly taG, <in ·.n 'd.,:,r (Rukk~) .h !.:,~ b:"'..In issu . . . ;.i dir ., ctin ~ Yv ll
n~, t t c; tak(.: Y'J ur gOQ ds t o InJ i:' fc..r trad·.' , but t,.,:., t &k" th.;m t..J th", N ~ p :.: l
gLinj ~rk0t sna 5 .... 11 them th ~ r '~ . In this .::: rd·.:. r, y",u h:, d .::! lso b ~:.ln w-: rn._d ' I
thFJt yr, ur g;)()ds w,~ul c; b-:- t.. uctL:n·~:::l if y ,u t ake th ::m f ,,, r Si1 1.. t.:, Birt<J a r~,; . .~ , ·
to Indi t. '.)r :.;lscwh·J r <:l .
T~ k;:,. whDt.jvcr 6":.>ds Y'0 U h r~ v.) f ,;o r s " lv 'toO th,- N·;l:",J !e ...nj m,.; rk :.. t. If Y'~ U
t ", k·..; y,:, ur g~v Js to Indit:· ) !' . · l:3 ~ 'Wh . r." y:,)u 80£111 b . l;Iuni.eh0C: LccJrding 1. ,
l.~ w.
*>HIlt I( It It lOut
36.
By
.
Bhuwan 181 i'r.&dhon. -
kanjupattan
Sanktlshya
1. Bhuwan Lal Pradhan, " UplltY<l kaka Pro,chin BastihD l'U." (.nnci,::nt SQttl"'llh.mts
In KathmlJndu Valley). Go rkM pa tl'b, foI.:J"gh I t. , 2:)29 (Jimucry 27 , 1973)1
p. 5.
C;)n td ••.
31',
,
It 1s add that thON ox1s t,(.Q El scttbm ....'nt ot 1II1lktil!;n on th.,;- south ..
V":stem portion of Bagmdti V:l ll-::y, tha t tb·: tumpllC of P C~ h.upi:otin.1th hliG
~ c n dha.b VCr\3d with the h'J lp o f on :.. of th .;.ir cows, llnd tho t NomWli h!ol d
... ntnz:on..: d £lhuku M<:n (Bhumctang), a son o f th ~ ovn... r of th~ SCltI)J <p'w, IlS
K~g .. Th~l:l se ttlement W3B 0 , il~ d ~t...; t1rth '·· oJ r PSdm3kll Shttw ..G1r:!.; th.., 1l0d,,'.1l
·Klrt1:pur. I::'i ght Kings of the Gopale dynusty, rulud over this s:.,; ttl.dJD Jnt~
Th~y built a brit' ctl ttlc-pound, in M.:'t.;.i tirtha. 'lbre.;: Kings bdl.onging t o
the: }1c:tnlshapoll: dyn ~ sty .. 190 prob:.,bly r " igni. d ove r Hat:;tlrthD.
"
Yil 1tllllhM Hang j c Kt r s ti, C<:m,J from th:: ;)ns tj defo..: t.ud Bhu\oren S1mha ,
th03 third King b.3longing t o tl"•.; foiB hishc;' pala dynasty, _nd t hu!:. ush",r '.od 'l a
" ,. riratl rule ov~ r the BDCnw.ti Vall';!;" , J..ccord1ng to th\:l VFJIIsha va lis, 28 Kif!:;'0J
i,roD! Y..:: l.tllnba r to Gcl1nja (o Ula n<::l!I0d Gasti, l.noi..mt Jj~e~lJ Vo l. 4L
ruL ·d in s uccession ' in th.:.: v lI lloYJ and built th .: ir pLlaca inside , the
Gvkarne f orest. Howevdtl, according to Prti.m Bf.l llSdur Subb~, a ut'or o f 11
h.istory o f tb.:: Kir3ti:3, t.h.J KirElti's had twic .- rul\lQ QV:.lr Bc.tgmi.lti Va lh:t. ..
'lbClr... w<l r ,; 16 Kings, fropt Ye 1ambDr t ;.) l uko , Kuko !loo to Digarch<; ..:Jfwr
bo. 1ng vs nquish ...-o by 11illlisn:l ( .:> r liimis tunk«r ), :J. King b..: l onging to ~11 .~
Soma dyn~ Bty. BhDSk&r d V6rms , th _ fif~ K\n6 in th.~ So~ ciynastl, was
duf aatcd by MuN Ha ng , wnu c ~ m;: ir')l!l .oiJ:l rchl.. . MUN-H...n g bo..gcm th.J l1 .. cr.. no;'
Kirati rub in Bogm.e ti V&~l ~:r . 4ccor dL. s to . r r ..:m w h.bdur Subbc:. , th~ capl. -.•. .:.,
uf 'toM first Kil""Gti rul,..;rD W(.! ~ .i.:) Cdt:.:.ti tlUm.;.wn" r.:: n .:;.ur M.,t..t1rtha o r Tt. ... nl ...... r. •.
'lh\l tr.l\m ;)f pawn vOl e astob .Li ..h" d by IJl..mo3 r. 'ibis i s why th .. tvwn 1. <::1 t :.S ...
c a ll.:.J Y'~ .UJ . '!b..: s-~ tt.lelJl·.m t of M~t..; tirt.h :. -Thiinko t is said to h!l Vu ..,lxt..:n1 _..
to Ptiwn ..
Goda v ~ r1 40d DeoPGtan
According to ttw V~ msb .9va lis, Nim1st..'lnlcG.r, a Kin g of th.:. Som:.l d:;nl'~ ' •
construct..:ld palaces lit Go d!ivari ana ~xp,mdGd thDt town consid·~ r "'bly. Pr ... !
a ~ hllciu r SubbCl s ays th " t De:.lpllt3n wa s tlk cup i tu l of Bh,. skar Vi1nn.'" th",
bst King of t,h ", Sorr'll' dynes ty. It i s prob .'J bJ.~. th at Bhosluor V.e n:\d o r '... n(:
hi s MnCoJstors bad loft God;:lVsri nnd mad-:-' Deo p i" ~n nis ca pit-.:l.
liokar.na , Ch<!babll,
Dhe;nn<l Obtt~ , whv cb~ fr,Jm K.:'nch1, 5tt.rt'~ 'u ruling :JVilr BClgm<.' t.i VOiA
aftor dO!0'6ting Shtlnko, th'. l.:,st Kir~t.i Ki.n~ wil,) W" S l;"\J, .I.41g in £h.sI"l!JJ.-
nng<.r.r,J .:o r a!t....r to'.; d(Jath of eo Ki;'(;ti K1.1""I(; j) ;.m..; J i<uk:;na. 4 'lhis 1n,lic ~ t\.. ;'!
that. t,.h.) K1ratis had al.%".il£ldy est.:.lbll.SiLd u s .... t.lom.;Jnt ln &istli-. lo<..&or ,· .... i -c ~
"thiJ thousand-ye~r rule ..If Uhu r.no D... tt." i Bi~h,", .LnCi5<.lr r "m,-,in..:d sUbm..;r g ... o ,.
wat.:::r f iJr anotht;;lr mil.lanium. wgend ,:.15..) h ~ s i t. th1,t M<..o·;ndr ,_ ILmeoa, !>~; I
·;;Jf Bclnasur, the, dc.m(m Kin.?" "sWb li5h ~d c t.vwa n2m.... d Supr<Jbna n..:<:'r C ! , :. : ;~ ' j "
girt (o~ Ch unddgi ri), situ;·w:.; t .... th ... w.:..st of "tu ... - VI., .. l.;JY, "nd tU~ .d trot !
v.:. U ,;:y l.llt.:> <I l. ~k\: oy st", pping tb. c.,urG·;': th:.: a .. gmt:t.i ~'iv ; r Lr to' . p.Ll.'.;;;;u.··.
of his Sister, ~d Prabhuwat1. Htl .th.m ru!.,;>d cl vur th·:. '1!l1l.·3!', f or l,O:'u I
(or 30,(00) YODrs. Suprllbha "Was rcnd.' r ·.;;J dCb ·J ~t,.-; ofWr Mllh (~ndr:.· D.11Il<.ln "c.
killed by Sri Kristma "nd Prl.:oyumn!:. . 1,000 Y(") ::::"'5 l .:J t:'r, th·j dJiti"s ;)f
Bhutbhot:;ni roviv;!d th .. to"WTl o f flistw lr..:::gN' 1-:n J Ir,<:l d"" Sl"bYClIDvr" t :!Its Kin:;- .
...ccording t~ anoth~!' lugimd, V ikr.~ mo o itYD , 'W l lJ rul.. . u .::tI.. r SwayomvNt,
install. .:d tha }t" r ay,mhiti wllt~ r ~;: ·..; ut. t ,j to . wc.5t ~ r" his P:-;L..:CU4 Vil'::r:"'m;,
Kush:..r socrificed hilllS ~ l£ a ft ..,r constructinl;. ;.. 9-st.Jruycd pc:.l clcc ,i t Ij:' r~
yanhiti. Accor dinG t.:.o anoth..:.r \T[IJI'Ish ... v"'li, IUmi5ta nk.:. r, Nb:) v.:;, n q'li~tl""u tI: .
Kir;Jti King Galinj, hL!d r.::suttl.ed his s ~) ldi",rs .'nd o th.:..r p;:; .;plc.- 1n Bi sn.:. .-
n<~ gar bnd exp.n ndcd it. llt".t'rmaddVi! th.::n start.'I d livin g in th ... Bish:.l ln ::. gC4
C·jat.a •••
palace. H·] b:lilt a boa utiful t .;.wn with 99,000 hogsr,- S. S ruMin!;;: frt.;m Stll.nkh ... -"'t
mul to JCl 1csa yu nnar[..y~n .. ( L ... Budhanil<:. k.:mth.:: ). Vikr~l.< d i ty" rcturn~d
a fter ruling ·.) Vo1r the town f 'jr 12 y'Jli rs. Il1 ~ rm<.ld\:lvCl ( l r ibormcg~ t Dc.:V&) 7
un d hi s grand-s.;n, . YishwR I).Jva B WiJN tb.. othoJr Kings of th(.; vs l.l...:y. Vi sh ...'b -
d.:. ya , a cco rding t...J l ogond, dibd a t. t h'.; h;mds u f his own _9.)n, MI. no Dey ::. .
-lHHIIIIIIIIIIU _~
S. 1&nci",nt Ni.pd, Vo l. 4.
6. Ibid. V,, 1. 13.
1. Jlncie nt Napal, Vo l. B.
B. Ibid, Vo la. B and 13.
uU.
Curroncy Units! 18~O
You ~::~ submittcld'th~ f .:. ll,1¥1ng r '.;PQr:.. : 1h,:: 1-,..c., l pu.:;pl" bN com~Li[:.-
irig in 1, _q'lmt... "s thnt .slth6u~,h fr..Jm form",r tim2s, Pais.! (rutJccs) Z0Jj-
ststing (L,;. L-p;.cc: uni ts, thus making 8op.:rl.s ,· ~ t ,) t!l.; ru (. .;.:.),
·hc.Vt.! in MlljhkirClt onJ P,'l lbkirwt LlnJ oven 'Ij.·)JLy J t..h.:: 20-
b,...::n circu1:lting in tht2S(;l regi<.ns aad il:bardElr HiranDn..i : .~! S
~m pll~nt in 22-gandi (rutx'6S). Yv\: huw th"':Nf;J f-: .. sk,:, ~.
f~r Instructions.
Ther sub-Ija ra,JBr of ttj,f. Ij,1rod:Jr (1.0. IVv"nu", f[l~r) <It',,oint.::d fr . )JTl
us 'ha~ . sti:Ptilat.Jo, pB)'II!'Jn t . fn moh •. r <.;nl pnisiJ c"ins . Ho mus t m;,;k", OJ <.l yr.l .. n t
~ stipulated'. Tht: pj)opli: shall b ... ptJrmltt...:d to m ~ k ~ p':>J-m .. nt in i·tahu}'
ooinsiii' tiN&S wher.:. this ~r:cticG bas bron custr"mory. If th\;y want t ::
make pAYJII('nt : in rup",os, the y shDll , b~ p.::rmittcd t o dJ s·~ acc j r ,1in g to tn:..
2o;..gllndiUn~t- in CIlS';} this unit has- be·m in circulation thc:.K. ;'..ny "xc;:",;:;
:lIJTiount which: has be en, co l~ cwd f ') rCibly sh<" 11 b,,, rd'und",J, Lut r. in", b<.J
abl;:., to' ha rass t~ .~ 'p(,;.")p 1..:. W',) rk ' c<.:refully, babring this in miuJ.
(S.B. Maharjan).
Regmi Re ...~6'1-l!\i.t.)· L1;d,
Kattunandu: . .~8rcll .L, 1973.
Edited By
11l1li101
Contents
Page
..
l. ~ j;pj><ial Fen" Too .Abolition . .
ot Slavery ..... 4l
2 ... Customs" And Usages . 0:£ Rajvamshls
In.Moreng. · " .. ' • •• 48
,- ... ~ -" - .
. ' -.
3. lmpoait~on Ot · Gadlmubarak~
Le>y In KWIIBUIl • ••
4" _~~:utt9n Of- The MaLla" -'-Kingdorioa • ••
--_.,....
-.--.::~;::~M
==-~:: ::::
......:: ...,;; ; ;;; .",-.- ... ,
~.-
APPENDIX £ ( Co.tA) •
.
MlI1ntenanc~ ,4th yaa r.~. I 12 .00 , I 12.00
~1n wnance , · LU t.h yea, . .. . ) 2ti . J'J . i 2L JO . , ··24. w f " 24. 0:; Ipar·- nt;.u:t.I~ .
Intarest fa ;"' the ydar ._ ~. _~ ;.:-,4!!:4~':J7"JC-.;.,'-"1~lo.!l":,,i:!.
o_",',-!1,,86~,".8,,",,".,'___---,'
, 515. TJ , 829. 8) , 24h. :lJ
• - "fata l ....
,
'1145 .;.JJ
, ,
Haintenllnce , 11th ye2r .. ..
, , 24 . )0
, , 24. JO24 . :]) 24 .'D UJ. 1." .
In tere5t fo r the yea r ... , 51.5J 229 . :)':; 132.6)
•• . , 591. 2) , 986 . 4') 139B . JJ , 268 . )j
l 'o tal
, , 1
Contd ....
43 •
. '," . ,
Jiaintenanee, 13th year •••' 27'.:;). r 21. "..JJ· ~ ::~7·. ~:) I , 21.J'J ,r -·DO·; · D..:.
Inwreat (or thu , ya;a~ , .•".-.,'~
-
-~
:
-~,6~7£-~~7L'~
' -~--i"-''~1~8~7-~~4~-,
• ' 1"
,,---'-;·';-,34"",'.j~.~
I
8~J --i-___
,I .
--i-
-~- ~. •'r
,iJi2 ~L')
• : .:- ," -rota l' 77Z.', I I 322 . jJ
-
Contd ••• .
44 •
•
Wil~n I, SsJlie .. .'
Part iculars of ~xpe1'lBEI. I 88mo put .. . taken !
, ~~
u~t ~.~t~l~~~'~'~i~mp
~lY
~ , ,'________________~,______
, ,- I
Lying- in expeI18 es '," I. ' l -J . jj t . u;:;o: '
It the woman 1>(}l:IZ"8 s ix
Inter os t f or the Y8e:r., 'o _. "" ~.....,-"l~.)~)'-C~ 'i-'-"- -..;.'C-". 'chlldrttn and 1:£ tb-v ., : x-
,- 1 'p.lnS(lS ver o put out. ,-; t
To ta l ~ •. o , 11.. ...i.) · l.J • .J~.'1ntoJ;CB " paralLelly ...1.UI
' . • '\bose.1n. ur.rod on 'ih~
Haintenanct:, lat. year • • • ) . 'YJ.'chlldriln,.'th\,ln ' t iJ r t.l! •.
Inu.re~t for the year •• ,
I , "J . )J
,____'~.~,'~J'--_
I
;____
'~,"'. I!lrst child's a:xpens(: tll/.
'amount r .8aQbed at t h'';' ynG
Total • •• o, 12. 1:i I LJ,:Y:o , ' of tho sixth year in ;.pp ..:ri-
'dix .. would b~ Rs 29L/-. .1.,
Maintenance , 2nd year.,:;; ,. 1 .0:1 I ·j ~OO . I same f or ..,P8 8h BUbsoquiJnt
Interest fo r t he yea:r!~ . ' ___ _'~.~2~0'--_ ',-'-___".. 'chU d as sffilwn .hure I s ;i.~ .
"'tal • • . ..,-
l~.JJ J
o
162/_ and fo r rho.) Rs . )Li-,
1O. Jn .. ' or cb'Jut fiB U 1/- f :: r oi -ch
, ',;hild . For uigh.t , hlldr" D
Maintenance, Jr d year... t . 0 .0') J D ~:Xl .. 'it would be abuut. Rs . 91/ -
Interest f or the year. .. ___--"i",.3",0,,--____ -".:.';.. 'pu r ."h11d ..
. ' I I .lb .)ut ~"tti 3/ - i s d",du- t .",::
T:.;ta l ~ • • " 14.60 J · .I n . 1O. . ' frl)DI .:: ..Qh f Clr the ::; li ~j l t
I I s<!rv1oes lorh1ch the t .....,'" t: ,:t'!.
l'''1ntenance, hth yea r. . . I, 12. ')') J 12. :Y.l . Iilut.
Intereat for the year.... ,___'-,1".,,4,,0--,) _--'~,~ "
, 49 . JO ' ' 1. .
C:>n ~." . ..
.45.
TotSl -
.. .. ;- ~~,.,
' -
!". 1
.. , .... l~
-... .•..5.9
.
~ .- ,'
,
", .82.Ct)
-, . - -" ' ~
. 18."" .
l 'j\). :1J. . .
Tota l .......
.. ,
1 1.3& .!,aO , I I
• •
Haintati~ce ~ l Ot,h year. ,•• r 24.JCI I 24.)0. .. ,,-.1
Interest tyr. th.~ ye~.r...: .~' '". ~.:1.:.3.:;.8",J,-"_' _""'.". •".",._ ,
. - -.
T~tal •• ,.
. . ,
I
.
176 .2:1
.Maintenance,,
", . ' .
"
~.
12th tenr •• , I 27. 'J:) 27.0:J ~. ·· '
,
.
APi>ENB! X C.
. In this schedule thtJ prictl o f 8; sll!Vd l«)IIIS1l is U1ken tit Ra )S'J/- ano
the ca lcullltion htls ' been ca rried ' out in thv zj8~ wa y as in th~ other
appendice s.
ifiicn- ,
,
-
, ,
,
,
I Whdn When
I ..
, ~mark8
Particulars "t E: XpE:lDS~ 'S8lllG 18 I~ is 'sa. 18
, .., , put ,"ut ' put' out 'p'ut" :)ut ,
'at l~% 'a t ,1J;li 'at l".l%
Price of a girl
Interest f o r tbo yoar •••
... ' .J5" J . ».
35. )0
J5J • .Kj
56.
35) , ,,; '!'hI:! calcu1 .• ted
7"; ..../) _turn 0 f t hu u lIn t,,', ::0 -
.J ~. t-
, , 'f )
l'3pent on the fi!'l'3t c;,UJ
Tv tsl •• , 385.0') &ecording to ' tbb scn~ cu ...... ,
- . I' ,OD the complct1~n (1f th·,1
~ing -in oxpenses ' !1~ 1::>. '.01'':'; · sixth ytl tl r would b..::
395. :n . Rs 742. JD. For S oth .. r v,
Maintonance , l.8t ye a r~ •• '; . 'JJ oJ at the rate o f as 62 . _~' ,
Intdrest f or th<l year ••• 39. 5; ~6 . 'n the S1lIII lIOuld 'b>;:! Rs 3 '!' . • •"
, o r a -total of R8 l .62 . ;·
T-Jtal .... . 434:51 5i6. 'll which , i f distribut..."j
over f.. , wou ld produc ~ en
Ma1ntenDIlco, 2nd yeA i-.... -
, ' l 'J
", . ", . :h 8'fttrsgc of ::b:)u t Rs L7S. ) ...
InteNs t for the year •• o ,
77.LO 1J3.2J 6 °_9.11 •.
559'.6) 619;20 Taking 8 cblldr~ n:
in the 1'38118 vST th;,; !;ver-
Maintenance, Jrd yeara •• :Cn il g~ ' will CCIIlO to ab Jut
Inturest f or thO yoar. t . 123.6) Rs. 141.UJ per .cbild.
Tl)tal . , ..
K!lintt:nance; 4th year.;., : 12 .':Jj 12Zjj
InterefOt f .:lr -the )'QlIrj· ~~ 52.50 1:.));8J
l'W1ntenanca J 8th ~_a.I't.,.•.:... ::.,18. j 1... ',: . ~8. • ..D ", . : ..18 . -f).· · -•.
' rnterest·- ro-r" · th~·· year.. . . B) . l'J 198 .5 ) 322 . 2j
-
..Toto l " ,"" ' "
" " "'
932.6 1 .. 14511.4;.>, 19~';6' " "
" ', ' .,
.. Mqintenanci)
" -
9th#,year .-.. ·
J 18.".n 18 . ~.J') 11l'."J~"
,
..; t,. : 1
", 1471.5) ' 2755 .40 4167.6j
", "' • • ·l ~ • •
C ~,n td •••
. 48.
Mainknance; 15 th year. ~.
,
.)).jJ . . - 3') ; 'J J ) ') .. ,)
InteNst fur tb.i: ~ ye", 1"". ~. i83. TJ 6)2.4) 1212. 'n
. (To Ba Continu.;.d)
~IOUIIII(H
Our a nCE: stor s bclongod to thd S<lw r dynasty. Form~ rly, this r ...gii:..n
W!JS Wld;';r forest, and therl.: Wo-Ir , no Br<thriwns r,\:r~. i'.1l' inhdbitants
of th", rsgion ·oolong.::d to our cQ:;t.... !:kc;,;u.su uf ;)t:r <lvil <!ssoci.~ti ; n
with pcrs~ns boJlonging to th", Mussalm<lU CClStN, wno 0.0 n~j t invit~
Brahm:ms 'k.o such cor,:;,roonh!s 3S IJ}oIarllU (nami..'lg o f chilu) clOd Posni
. (giving C(;I'Qal f O;)(J t..... chile) , but p~rfunn th'::ffi accurdmg ' t,v tht,;
customs and usagt:s of th~ ir own cast'.<.!, ancl,' m'J r"'vv;;; r, us~". C0WS t.,.,
Jraw th... plow, w::; 1;...10 hovu b.:J..:n f.:Jll.c .....ing u:'':'SI;; prLlctic0S •
.
Thest:. days th;:; IlWT!b.;.r vi" p;J·..Iple belongill~ t.. .... t.h~
hiUs iJ.nJ thl::l t'l,",is~cl.
6S wall : <">s ot .Brahmans anJ Rajput~f.hC!s growil in I~JPE:.1.. In CllSe; w..;
rldceiw a royal chOlrtcr diructing UI:! t..l rE:<Vc J:U .th~' t} !""~.un ..nd ust.
bullocks vJ draw thu plow, llnJ Cl'd.1;;:CS tl.) J",scriiN us not ,liS Koch.i: ,;1:';'1. '
·as Rajvamshi, we' will stnrt r e vering BNhmDns lInd st.")P 'using cows t .,
draw the plmol.
We tht:trefcro dir.Jct that II r oy<.fl chE'rt.:lr' (Lv 1 Hoh:.:r) ah!: II be ..isSUdd oc.:; ..;!, ,
ding to ) which (RajvOJrishi5) shall us<:; bullocks, lk,;.t ·cows, t:.r tllcwl.nE:J t~I ' t J
thuy should revere Brahmans, ~nd that any person fr.)m ar.:::;ng theIr. w·b.:· c .:',-
trllV8UCS thcsn rogulatbns shall b~ fin'3d a~cvr.:..lt.ng to l a w by thtl btJpr.; lci:!t.
:>ffice or Amal. .' .
Monday, Magh Bad! l5, 1925 (January l669)
Regmi Research C0U..::ct1ons, VoL 37, pp. 287-288.
..
49.
Wo have ir!lPO.~A ._.tl·~< ; ?ad imubD r.:lkh l (:vy .:l ll ,. ; ViX .)ur .:bm ini .... ns . W~ ar.,;
s;.;nding the rates' o f " thi s . l evy t :)'b:;: c~~ 11<;lct..;d in that t ", rrit..,ry . On th.:
, basis o f the Cr'0 PS (&It) and pro,A.:rtY (Ji.lyadat) of thu SalllVat y~ar 1853,
pay the l evy at a :.>propriate r ntl3s t.:. th<:l , c ,:,,1l..:ct.:.:r5 (l'ahi.lsildar) ·ane:
obtain cloarance. This l evy will not be co ll;Jctud \;;Ive ry YC[J r. It i s m6[,r: t
to fdlicit"t8 His MOj(:sty un tht:! occasivn of his c~ r(Jnll tion (GadimubiJrak.,).
M~k!.' ;,,:ly 90~n [In:j wi.Llin6ly. Kalu<.dll.lr ~..! Brllnmu f'aJhya have b8cln 8 ljtx> i nt..::..: ;
"::5 co:. .Lluc·::.,urs. , - - ' ;
i' C<)nt.J •• •
,0.
ChtlUdhnr ( fc~- ~pp ly of goll tS ·
•
... R. 2
·.. - Rs 5 ea ch
do . of Ka riye (s l aves )
and o the~ , ••• 6 anpas do.
8 annas dv .
Contd •••
;1.
On perso ns l iab l e to' llllY
.{lmDl -Manul (1) ,.lO U ':"ta x
(Mudahi") all Qvo r 1;.he~ r egi on • •• Rs 1 aecn .
b l Cl Thrau out 'Ibi s Ho;: i)o " ' O th~r Than Pu U ":Tcix'" M~d a!"li)"'Il!.";; J yula
taXGS on i ree lands
. . ....
Mel dar ' • •• ~ 1 ,;0 all cb member ;;If
'the f amily
Imm ig r~n t
(Upariya) fami l ies
of Pnnchapurbiya
, . ' . . ...
'
· . .. .
' ..
8 a noas from each househc. L l
75 fui: 75
Da rhaman da l
,
Ch~,ngo rkha
""
Hs' . 45 Rs . 4$
.
Gagau li
, . •. - - 50
.Rs Rs SO
, ..
Cant-d • •• '
52 ••
DDnpur Rs. 25 Rs 20
Sira Rs 25 Rs 20
Uchako t, Dhan1YBlCot as 15 Rs to
.. .
Sulam Rs 25 as 20.
•
DhYlIniru Rs se Rs SO
Choubha 1s 1 H. ~5 Rs 10
Chh&kata Rs 30 Rs 20 .
Aga r ., Rs 1;0 as 30
Maraurl. Rs 15 Rs 10
S illr:henll as 15 Rs 10
KotauU Rs 15 Rs 10
..
Kot.n Rs 60 Rs SO . ;
K.::ant)ur .
Khar a k
Hs
ds
S
s.
Rs
Rs
-2i
2t
Juha r Rs 100 Rs 60
Dclmi a 100
. 5 Rs 80
Aba l - as 10 lhyam .. Rs 7t
Cont d ••.
53.
" ';-,
x
~6xation Of ~ Malla Kingdoms
. .
Bal::!uram -Acharya .•
• •
, ' /;,fter al'rlving back "in H8rlliarpur~ Kinloch sent message to JBytJ rrakDsti
MallB infol'lIIing - him of I1is inability to proc8tld 1:.0 K:JUunandu beCauS6 -of th~
Jat rebellion. in - the .·WEt:i.t., Jaya Pz'i;k,ash t.iall"~: of Caursd, fl:l1t d.isappo1n:t~d
over the message, but the local :traders <lnd artisans,. who bnd bd-::-n Q vit-
nE: SS to the ,gradual dt>str\,;c tion _o f corrmtircd ...nd hundicraftB in &r.~- i:. l ... od
5 ihar,~ -by thl:: British, ~G~vo4..,: sigh of rt!Ubf. .
lhe f..iallB K~a and ttti' rulers -Qf thu Chaub1.si Kine;aoms ~d 9i.N' c~a
their attention. . to Sindhul1 wh~ n th"y 11.3l;trnud 'that "t.t,;.i Sritish rba ~hed .
there. 'lba,' strug61~, which ,frequontly <:I rupkd iosid<.l J\c:tnm<:ndu Vall<lY _d uring
that period had COJDl.o" to IlO",c(ld . 'Prithvi Ni:lrayen· Shah warned tb!lt it. WCiS .
Jaya PrakClsh Halla him8<:lt(' Who had invited tilt:: British to com:: to h~pal
after th8y had oo.::n foro ud t o r c tr;:w t fo'L...owbg tn.,.ir dt>ffl Cl ~.. H",. tht-n·
startod pr!;paring to cap-;;u-c Kathinbndu fi!'st) instea d of concentrating
his attention on l;<.llitpur cnd Bhc.kta~:.:.r. Huw&v .... r, Prith"i N.:.rnyan Shah,
Clnticipating Cl sdoond oxpeditiori by Ki.riloch tlorty in 17fi8, cooi'in;Jd· him-: ,
~elf to laYinG .CI ~iege £Iround th(;: town of .Kl:lt.bmandu cH throu5h th... . Idnt.clr~·
In thf, ·fOOsntimc 1 n.. won ·ove r t h.a i..nhabitant.s of the outskirtB of KbthIDfln du .
~ . hi~side by £Issuring th"3m o.r:. !lis supPort. &ing impNsood by the p·.;··j ·!,0r'.- ·
all ty. of Pri thvi Naruyan.. 5Mh [: ,.~o his libc.:rCll. · tempGrem.::nt, thll · ~0"W8rs of
Kathm<lndu s t~ded veering · towards · him. ·Pri thvi NaNy"",-n Shah th"n s ent a
Bratm.an messenger .1;0 doliv~r a message to Ja ya Pr,:kllsh- r·-j,:.!l.iI <lsking hirll tc..
Sllrri:lndar, r-Btoor thlln risk loss of m.:;n ~nc m~ to r:''' 1 by :: i f~hy.. ng a gdinst
the Gorkhalis, since the English hod a lt't:lady W1thdrown to. t h,"ir country.
Jaya Prakssh Malu, . n.)~verJ Wl:S not pr<"': pl,r.::ti to · surrondf);r • .Ht"! k.<:p.t hop1n~' .
th,lt tbe British.:would at.tack ogain . It Md b;.,COID::: clasr.,'t hat ,thi; .:8ritisb
"WOuld not b9 lIbl"" ~ . 5Ulrt any bxptoc;Ution durt.ng tb,,· rtliny :;C El.sQ.~. Frithvi
Nnrayan Shah had :'esolwd to occupy Kllthzr.ondu procis.;:ly during this ~t""H'(Jn •.
I n ordor to "test ttw. strength 9£ Je.y(J PNk.:l~h ·M alb, ho;o occup,i..'d Thuinu~, . .
- .1 . ,
xBaburam ./;.cha~a,
, ~8thman:du:
I1 Tinai .Malls
pp. 42-51.
COlltd .•.•.•
ss.
situatt:d 1n tbu nortti 'ct" KaUuUendu ·to'wn,. ";}a:rly in Sdptumbdr. This plecb
was not stretdg1cally important b.:.c{)Usc it WilS situat..,d outside of th(:
walls of J\<J~hma ndu t,o\-lO. "Eve n th8n, Prithvi Narnyen Sha h occupied this
locality just to sce . how hlird JtJyn Pr&ks s h MallD would try to c hock the
Gorkh~li advanc&. In aCtur.l f.act-, J<Jy<l Prakssh Nalla did no t UlClk-.£ an:: ..ffo rt
to d~fend Thsm91. SO~ dnys l/j t~r, Prithvi Nerayan Shd h Gvacuated t his
area. •
' ". The -inhabitrots of Katlun.:znpU had b ~g un · to di slik,," Jay<:! P:[oi:lkash Malla
. ;. -beca use of his ilarsh rule. They did not like ' th" , f .-et thllt tw shoul~ 'b\.' .
squ.:.noor1ng .. tho:l.wealth of "Wmplc s. Hl.lving sc:(;n ,t 'nu.t PritlwiHorayao Shah
-had driv~n out ttkt Briti·sh', 'tb9r c..: by prott;ct1"~ indigeno\J5 tN.du and twndi-
crafts, th~ . artisan5 o:f ' L~litpurJ i!s ' we ll as , th~ tr2ders of K<ilthmbndu, hll d
begun to lQok upon him as t.b.-.:ir sav:'o J;'. £'vl:!n bt:for ·.... impo1'iin$ "' biock:: dl;} o n
Kathmandu, Frithvi Narayan Shah IP ci 10ft i'&s a gricultur"", t.r:.du ," r,d h8 ndi-
craft unhannad. TtlE:l , inhabitbnts 01 Kathmandu, whq h'lCi bl,;lcom... tired Qi' t b ..
bloc~ad"", had, th~rofol"'::, ,bQgUn to "',droir ..; f'rit~.vi ' i~ll ruyq n :::ihah. twn the
,,,comm::m ,mrm of K2 thmandu.,h<ld begun v) l ib him ,fo r _thu sake: cif. W1in1;<.;rrupt...d
supply of t:l88s ntial , colMlOditi<.' s. 'i n'J.s , :1.11 tt-,..:; inh" bittnts of Ka·thm<indu,
with ttw excuption o f ' a ha ndful of ll£lithiU hrC:l hmCIns, M d cv<lsed to ::support
J aya Prakllsb. . MBlla.
Prithvi Nnrllyan Shah !",,: salvcd ta taktJ a dvll ntc,g(; " >l thtl . cnnuCl ! IndN-
jatra f ustiva l in ·Ka thm.::mdu, which ' wtl S th0n a ppr01.lching . f ri thv ~. tl:J r 'lYt'o
Shah was closing in on Kath;n'' 'ndu. aut J s.y n Prt.' k a sh did no t ~r,inK: ·it n~C 8 S
$:l ry to _cancel the prep.3retLms fo r c", l ]hr s t i ng th...: I ndr<.i j o trll f""stiv<l i
and ordo:?r ,his troo.p$, t o _:remain -o!l l~ r~~ b ~' >.ll.:' ,;,.' .)1' th:i:! uithdr awal ';)f Prithvl 1
Narayan 1?bah l s troops ·fr om ThamuL H;:, mc r &ly closed t tl,; g", t...;5 ·o f tho · c apit:.l l
and . decided to co:?ldbra to thu f<-.;stiVdl und() r strict· Sl: .::ud .t y 1).rNt€::.mlw ts.
ItJlad btolen dE)cidcd to c<!lebrnte thu Indroj.a tra ,-;nd Kum9riy<:tr3 f ·.::stivfl l:;
for 7 days . 'l hlJ i 'irst 2 d ays of thu f e stivfl l pl,ss~ d o f f p;':<J cefully. Howllv r,
in the night .of the: third -day, . Gorkha li troops 't r 'j l,(: tho gaws and s torn.-d
into the town • . 'Iba inhabitants ' ,) f Kathm.: !'l'_hl. TJ r " · th(! n bu~:r c (: l :..br nting t b. ,
fe,stival atter c losing -a ll · gows. 'Ib6 ·Go rkhali truo ps c n t~ ri; d intu th~ tv"'I1
'in three groups .. The: force that ent<.:re d Ktl 1;-hmtlndu through N.:Jradevi wa s
~rso nal~ commanded by Prithvi Nn r aynn ShDh. He k~~t th ~ s ~ uth6rn, g c ~
open, S 'J thOt J.'Iyn Prakfish Malla might " ·'3 c apB e usily. Whit... the King, his
minist<Jrs Bnd s or.~ s o ldiers w(;rc in the a ,·uthc rn p<>rt ~)f the. tr,wn ilt"knd-
ing tha cerennny CQnne ct.:ld uith th", cha riv t , fostiv.a1, Go rkh.:.li troo ps
antored into the r .')yal p£llacu. :.b:mt 25 gu ards o f th" r ,;-yal palac", ' tri'ed
1:.,) offE:r r6.sistanc:a to th(; GQrkhali tro -.:; ps . ;,:t: 0u t 8 v r 9 !Jl(.;n weN kiUud
or : ",",)undad on bo t.h sidos. The guards thun 1" f t. t i13 ~'-' 10 Cl<:. In :th..:; nigh t
. of , C;haturdashi _(ttw ·14th day of thtl bmc r m:,:ontll), Prithvi l'i<lrcY:ln 311:.!J
SE:8u,d hims~li' c n th u thJ"t,n.; uI K;> +,iun.::andu which was k.;) iJ"t ~' n t.l ~ c,:, urt.j"o rJ
o f thl: Nhuchbo P.. l nc.;: (Sppt<:!mb..:.r 26 , 1968 ). a ll NC(;living n ... ws ..,i this
. .'.
C;JJltd ...
56:
oovelopmantj " Jays ' Pra)alS~ Hdtla abdic:rted and fled to ,P atan from KathJnandu
through the.southern gate. In p(lUm~ ne .sought 8Mlhr" froil! "Ti!j'anarss1Jnhe
~~; ' . . . .. .... . ..
,
,: -.Ja~1l Prakssh" Mails ' Mc(about Nsgarkot1 sold1ars~ .
i60 ~ber ' dt 8~1-
Too
di~rs ':voo ' guarded tbf:l , outposts 'It,' tlie town' was tilso corisiderabla . But ·ins-
t ep-a. :..1' offerl..og deterawed Ndstanc6 -to tha -Gorkhalis, _thl:!y thCl~~:~ 7 lit. ' .
pr o per. -to' s~ve tb<:1.r Uves hi tekirig to "th"ir hoels a"long "U,h Ja;,_ , ~ ·akash
Malls'; . .
, ". ':;
. ":'1btl "inhabitants' of ·· K~tlttD&ndu sW,Jka thu n~x.'b marning ".Jnly to -find thu;"
Prlthv.1: "Narayan Sbah- · h·~ 'tii:C0D!d t.'l",lr K1Dg;--.c. str.:.8m 01. puoplt: carrying .
pras<)ntB wadi to 'th~· royal pa lac.... t.J gr,,<.,; t t.h.:iir n""w King-~ Guns WI:.~ fired
t ) c_alttbraw toh<l ;)Ccasion~ In thl'; cours;;. at th:; gunfir'3, gtUlpowder suddi;:lo"ty.
ignlted, and, as a l\.:sult, 'ful.eram Pl:lflda was kill.. d.Prithvi ill.lrdyan :ShElh •
apPOinted one of bis br-.JtP<lrs &8 nis ' r(;preS<lntativ~ to rumpkw the Kumari-
jatra fastival. · FtltlstB J danooB, Md othur progrelllB CONll:lct.:.·d with the fosti-
val oontimwd thu ' next day wi t.h grei ,tar enthusiasm ·ttuln '\iLlS · BGun amongthullt
thu-:preced1ng 'dBy~' None ·;r the intio.lb1wnts at Kl:lth!llondu · l ost Bnyth1ilg /lS 1.:
Nsu.lt 'o ,ftho" ' occ-upat1.on of tho1r' town by Pri thvi NlII-clyan Shah~ In l&ct;
thd ' o cc~lltion of 'o capital by cln army without blo:ldshed and 1I1undor has '
few para~l~ls in ' ·t hfj h,18' ~"i-y of the world. .
" .,
•
.Pr1thv1 Narsyan Sh.3h -had nq imperialistic' alUbiti:.m~ His ' 501.& ~br was .
to unify Nopal. This explains ·",hy h~ did no t treat Ksthmmdu as' .s vanquish;:d
city lIrid pbmdEtr ··it. Hu nut :>oly ro llssured the '·plY.lp11i· ut KIl"ttunanou t.hr:>ugh
his IlPlicabl~ trea1:.me:nt;· bU~ ' '::'1s:) Ch;;80" IUontipur as : his cil p~ tel.
. . ' . .
. ~on af~r the :Yi thd.re~l ·')t .th;) &~lish fr:J1Ii ~l ... pal; tht.' · miniSters fI t'
Lal1tpur had' clJritiJripiet<:d!'surrcndering themselw's bOfor6 Prithvl ~ NAr... yilb
so;a.h . '"HowldverJ . JayI: : P~"' ka'Bh l:fDll.8 had pgr8U~dE::dth..,.m oot t:) d~ s e, bytio"ld;...
ing ~u.t different 'prJmi~es: · :.ttzr Jay/J .fTskash' &ill!! h1mstU fled ·.K attaendu
end ~bk: S5y~UJ?I' in"' .Lantp~i t~ minist·::rs ··l ost .!'U hop"" ~D.dagoin "lIdu :
u~ t~~r m~na" ~ . surrender. None of th","minlswrs of .La~lt"pur · appcar6d"to '
we J.co~ Jtlya PrakBsh M.::illa wheri"ho n; :"ctl.:;;d · t.hbr-.. t o S()ck: thl:: protectioh ".
of "'1ejsnaras1mbl.l MnUa. J.. ~ut< ,3'OO po:: rso-!ls ~olloWdd .J ,;ya·prelCash Mal-la- to· ·:;
Lalitpur. · All of thdsu persona, ·o.. cep't 8; ' oa~i;':' bllok: to KathmandU '-afwr "
Pritbvi Naraysn ShlI~' ~nt .£1 . maesag., t ., th::$ ssld1l6 th.:.:m ..t.J ·O,;.lOO back or ' .
.;:lsa .risk tl.la :.opnf.isea:tioo. ~1' "th.:ir pNpt.:rty. .~ '.'
. .. . .
•
oil: the . o·th~r heild J Jays Prskash Mn i.J.a still dreaming .o·f. ·< hoiding
WilS
,)ut ti.l l another" "inVCo &l.":"n by ttiEi &1gl1sh by KeGP10g ' th~lIi1histerB ofL&Ut'>Ul'
c.:mfusI()d tor : ~~ ro~ .t.iJI::II.r and ' SI.JC1!ring thL aUjJPort: of :!lhSktai:m:..··' isa IN.U; ."·
Contd.;; .
57• •
Cont d •••
the ·E(lglish "WOuld certainly attack Katbmandu i f only. he succeeded in rEi-
r ta~niJ.lg. tt;lD. 5uppprt of .King Ranajict Hall..a .01' Bhektapu,' 'for 'SO!Db more . time .
• . H~ :ha.d ·1nstlg"atad, . .Ajit. Siooa and il.vadhut S1mha, the ·tloib illllgitiiDate sons
" .01' fianajit Malle; too' .join him, . flfter promising them - to band c?ver ' ~ . tbron ..
. 0.£ .B.hJlkt·ap~ W tho:llD. Ajit 3inb.s and -"vsdtmt SiJnba" pad, in ~ vay, heCOIl.:!
: indePendent . of, R&~ajit M81,~ . . .PrHhv1. Nsraysn Shab' was' :watcbtng- all '-,thaat.
'!-dave lopDlcnta: , in' Bhaktapur e:arefully.. When Ranajit Malls oo18yad , aurrendar_
~: "iPg ' ~.e£o~ p_ 1in., _Pori;thvi , ~arlilYan Shah cnn~xed severs-l vi~lages, l iDclud1n€,
' ,~u.n." 'from:, Bh8Ktspur, without Dny fighting, llnd t.ho3nooBiagad " thb town
ttse lf ,. _In th;:.. meanti.Jrs, Jay'f:l prukash Ma lta had obtaimd military ass~-
, tanco" in the form of sOmG Khamb\1 ·troop:;; and, hora . HJ from King Kam's Sari'
of Cbaudandi, and brough1; th&m to 8haktapur. By that tima, King: Ft:majit
Mall.a, had,- in <: way, COIro Wlddr the . grip of ' JaYQ Prakash ,Malls. In view
of this, Prittwi Narayan Shan "tohought .that ha coulci - not. ·;occupy Bhakt.a pur
odthout war. :.i::cordingl.y, p.e sCint GorkbaU trOOps under, the comm<l nd of
KlI'ji Vmnshs' IWj , PfuldG t ,o Ehaktapur • . He: also _Sdnt. such abI.a fighters as '
Kahar ''SitrnCl & :snya"t.;- ~mki1ebna _KWlwar, KaU :Daa KhSdk<o: snd i.mar Singh
~~Pa. ;'H.~ ' k~p,t" b¥ ~Ne brot.h'~rs,in N.~"" tor fear. le.s·t · ttKty spoUld.
.:ctisturb the -pl't;pUr<Jt10~$ t.o 1nvod>l .Bb;..ktcpur, The: fourth brot.her ' SurCl ,'
Pra-tap ':Shah" how.Jvdr, Jl)<.:ni.. gud, to join ' th.. troops daspatchad' to Bhalctapur.
iI,
'tinued 1:.o.l!!~oOt .- at in",;- windows <r. d , caurtyU"d~ at -'tt!-,:;- pahce. .till ,r.i &t. t.
EVlm in thi~ 'situatiOn, Jll¥U _Pr.<;~..sb tk:ll..:l r<>matMd 'front 'o f th... roYll i -
paLace and c:ncouro'ged .hi~ troops. 'Iba : Gork:b<: 11, titOOP5 oont'1nuad' tbuir '
attAck throug~ut tht; nj,.ght., N"0IXt. morning, all tht: thr.:w kUlga -QUru tryill6
to move to ' s Bat~ part of tb..l Pt!~.ou~ 1\tjanl>riJ Simh2 lln.d &nr.jit Mllllb dia
59.
so ' successfully" , r.u·~~~·.· Ja:ra , Prak~.Sh, hall~. was .pliSSing through -os .;)rri"
. dor hQ reaeivad ",n. injuqr OJ;l thEJ ": L;.g -fl'Qm_ , ; ~ s.hot, fired by ' the Gorkhtlli
..troops. He ,was then tDken',to ":an upper storey.= "-Rnn3jit Mo l.-la:wl:ls ' still ,
nesi t?ting to ' surrenqer. ,~ut whtm, :nu: S'lW' th<lt _ th~ un£lrll"lEld p,!oplo i~th·..
_. courtyard were b..:ing killEid ~y the Go'rkh!rli' troops J and. ·th,& t , th,--, upp f:l r
stDrey -also- was ,beizlg. pttllckod, H~"'Ql:'r;,;n, <i tiody:-~rd -o f _' R[;lla~it }:ta lla,
.pu1;. ·off his wh~i'to , turban ~nd shol·/ed it Qutsidb . ..Surb PrbUlp Shah. r..:gi:lrd-
ing it as a sign of "surr<::nder J ord..;red thl: -firiqg to stop . \'l'ov;-,;miy.. r 13).
l-Ie . irnprisonbd all th... thr& .k ings in differen~.' roomS of th(;l pCl.i.Jcu,. ~nd
th<:ln-,informud Prit.hvi tlar:ly,an Sb'-lh( .
' . hallo, ' obs'.o-rvin g pOItLncd uVt:>n in thj,.,S SitUll'l'ioh,
Ranad h
-, " , ,"
compl!.o:t,.;d
,his rdgular:TI:; l1giou':; i'unctl.Ons in - tht;; morning anq ' t ook his m'J31 in tht:: ,
afterno•.:in. But Jayu P:r8JAjsh l1a1l<J ,'Wc:.sCOlllP';,ll,.eq W',QO 'so in t.hu Sl.lm.., r ooW.;1
since he vas , woun~d; Wht;:n Prithvi )i.r.r~Yan sh",h r(:ct;iv(:d this informll twn,
ha wnt to th<.l royal' patac~ ' in Bhak'l:.<:pur. Fl,-<l .w;:!I).t ,dir..,ctiy t o the roqm
where Jaya_ Pr.c:.ks-3h, 1'1<I11a WillS k ~p t lIf~.:r only lpoking 81;0 Ranh?it Mq11~.
lJt.:lr a long period o f 28.yc;;rs, thu' tWt) ,fri:.mds met ano 'ilmbr6qod c(jch
other. JDY<J . Prtikash !<1311;:> · expl .... s:;-_d hi:;; - d.sir~ to p2SS tw'rust of his
life in t.he service ,; ;: th<:' G.xid.;Ss, und requGsted Pri thvi N"'roYl'./f1 Snntl t.o
1?0nd him to th·) tfJmplc o f Ouhy(.:shwari. Jirrangc-rwnts wr ... made. t o' s",nd
Jaya Pral5:as h M;:>lla- t o' Guhy03shw<lri_·a ccordingly. Pri t.hv). N.'Jrl.Jyan Shah: .th ...·n
went ,to _s ee Ransjit HsUa. In
this 'W ay, th.:- ,first duy possud; .
;, ' ~
Sinc~ Ranaj'1t. . t-'.£il,.la was Qwr 75 y;JD rS ' of ugu, h... <lxpr.. ss",d his
desire to -liv,;: in "KClshi (Vara'nosi, "·'I ndia). Prithvi Narayan Shah th~~~f(!r
~i.:nt hi~ _ BlQJlg with tr.::vdl.ing aM -o ther Hlvwanees. (JLnllcry '
'l770) . ,'_ H()~vl3r , - Pz:i. thvi .riarayan Shah consid<}Nd . fajOndrilSimhu Ma lu>, . th::.;
Laf!t King of Lal1tpur, LIS imb~cilA; and! Impri50n"d him in ·Bhaktcpur. for '
, ~1fb., ,:' .
Contd •••
60.
After the conquest ' of Bhoktapur, .t~e foW"!dations ' of <l new Nepa L were
l aid, comprising" tfie territor~s of Ka ttunandu, Lalitpur, Joiakwsopur, Bh.:.kt.: -
pur and Oorktw~' The sub jac ts of ,these K=!ngdolTlS beeMs the citize ns of oni::
Kingdom unde r one King . Tho inhablt nnts of this new KingdOm Qi r:eplll baga n
to be known' ea Nepa li and fullings of elOOtiona l unity t:llll'~rg()d ar:ong th",; -
Nepa l1 sub je cts of Ktng--Prithvi Narayan Sh<:h. SinN Prithvi Nurayall Shah
and his brothers, DB well as mam~r~ of the nooility, had oot)n born in
Gorkh a , they called themselv<:s GorkhLllis. But K:Jthmandu town ioISs, .the c.;nter
o f tl?e. newly":founded Kingdom of Nepal, [lnd so they ha d already becom~ th.J
N"'p<llis 9 (:tha Kingdom of Nepa l. Gradually, thl:t CQlIIltunal fut,; l1ng ,tl}.&t " .
they wdre" Gbrich<i Lis disappeared and , all thE:: et tiz~ns of ·the nC'!Ily-fpun& d
K1ngdom' oocalOO Ne p.:.Us. ' This nutioMl unity was' 00£.; of thu major .~ ch~(,.v,",-
mt;nts of Prithvi Na raYbn 5Mh. . . "
. ",
,~ . Pr1thVi Naray on ShtJh had c'onfl;tr.red jlqUl:l ~ powers on ' Vamsba RaJ .Pc.;nde:
and Sura PratE,p 5hLlh .. Howav"r,' wh,;,n tht! batt.le bega n; the lattar displ.ay-.:u
Spcci..<;l l e.nthusbsm and . took ·OV03r tni.l full corrin;~nd of the troops into his .
own ha'nds . Hti cap tured ' all ·thi:l thr..;:~ Kings himsdf. Only SO or' 60 pt!rsom:
had beon killed on th8 Gorkhlll1 side · during t.h:.: bi.: ttl..:. (0. Bh?~tlIpur),
which l us ted 23 bours, a s ag1.l ins t rror,rthan 1, 700 civilions and milit.ary
personnol on Bhc:.ktapurls sid d . '1'h3 casu'l lties includ0d W'Jmodn. Frithvi
Nar ayan Shah had givon strict orders t.nD t unarmed pe~sants nnd traders
should not be hannfJd in nny wuy . But it was not poSSibllJ to obse rv.; this
rul~ during th" bi~ttlo of Bh.a kt :Jpur. Prithv1 NarLlyan Shah was thorofor.;
f ee ling po rturbed. Inquiri(lS rev eAl ed that th.:: bllllOO l lly on Sura Pr<Jtap
Shnh . -'i.ccordin gly, Prithvi Nar ay a n So<.!h r 0wc r ck,d Vamsha Raj Panda instu nd
of Sur~ Prntap Shah fo r thu victory; .
Sura Prawp Shuh had dos1r",d not on ly t.o iN rowDrood far thv victory
but a lso to be appointc.d as administrator of BhBktap ur. How..:v€lr, h<:: got
nOither. Prithvi Nnr DvDn Shah knal>' nou tr.3 r):Jlln Kingdom hDd boen dlvi d~d'
w h~ri the brothers of'Raytl ¥.,'I U ,? , who had been appointed £IS ~dm1nls~tor",
ot La l1tpur and Kattuntlndu , bGcmna lnde-pe nda nt Kings tht!re, and hen!" the
Sen Kingdom had bean divid<.ld similarly by too 'aons of tho 8.?n King. !I~ .
thc:rcfor;il utiliz e d th e se rvices of his brothers but. NtrDill3d from appoin":'
t1n g tham as lo c.!: l cdministrators b<:lcbuSC of th.. harm this would cause t o
t hoJ n[ltion~ When Sura Pra tap Shah, in 's buft, Nquea~d permission tQ U:V~
in Gorkha , Prlthvi Narayan Sh(Jh r eAdily .gave it • .a-I'ang':'JII}nts wore. mad",
to maintain a strict watch on thu llct:l..vlti~B ot Sura Pratap Shah in (k,rk.nkl .
Not wishing to remain in such confin"~nt, Sura Prat<lp 5bah <Jscap"d across
the Marayangdi rivt:lr and ro .:;chad D.lllu, lnatcJ ad of s'taying anywhere in t h,:
Ch<lubisi Kingdoms. H~ diud II l ow yoars tht:lr .:;a fter.
COntd ... .~
~ RoOlgmi Research ("Privata) Ltd,
Kathmandu: April 1, 1973.
Cont. .,mts
PSSti
JOOBIUlU!
.. ,
( Contmu.d )
" 11 10 1l1li
.... _Valur: of .Ra '100 in :; yea ~,s a t 10 BnJ 16 ".c. is given bel.(,}'w*. ,
,
.,
cap"! t a l '-- . . ,-. 100-00 . 100-00
- Inte~st 1st yoa r
.. ---
~ .., ' , 10-00
llO-OO
16~OO
. liPjiJ
'
" 2nd
,, " ... ll~OO
• 121-.0 0'
IB- 50
134-50 .
- , ,, ,,"
JrJ " .. _, .!. ' .! .. _
"
•
161-10 28;1-60
J J .•
..
9:tb. , II .. . 2l-bo 52-10
To ~l ... 235-60 '37B-80
' .. . ,
Canto •••
63. ,
, ,
.: .... SOvJ'~g .. fN~ and sl.llv,;;a po~~ltlt_~ :m uf th·; Ji"'..:runt distJ.·1 c"s .
, ,
, • '. • • p.'
I , , .. , .. . , •
, .:1... 2 , h .s 6 7. '
. 1. . ,", 3 ,.
, :',,
I ,. I I . tj
.
I ,
. ' .. '.
'64i.40' 305580' 1329 ' 306109 ,, 0, 1409 ' 1/2 't" 4/5
I I 1 r- ", " ,
" :" . ..
2 • .(ul~uJ.r,.. ti.m, incluuin ~ !lUi~.- o\<murs 1'::55 nl.ll1lbur (Jf' si.<,vos~
J . Sl aves.
L. 'r'.> tal.
6. Sla?oe.
CvnW •••
'IlI.'ilNJIX t (COf.!!jJ q",
, '
,
,
~. '
'~i... :>1;. t<b . J ' 14976 81225 ~35 B216~ 478 1385 l ;t 3
:'fOst NJa 4 29523 1n072 , 4345 163417 1426 5(X.;2 2~ S
~' :;; l;'Cl !In·! Gulm1 6)615 37~O7 6693 )7690~ 22(.6 7492 2 3:t
. ,<'l"wthlm 21345 12~)87 1676 122C63 527 1629, li: ' 2i
~ ng Sallyan )
36531 213194 1135 214329 200 1027 ! , I;
;)~ ti 24332 15)226 ')')0 15)229 278 2
l C))O
:r 1
R1it<!Ji iJadcldhur a 9116 173:)2 5)) 77 5,5 145 507 <
)
. l~
,-
.. - . •.- , • • "'
•
,.,.
- -- -
....
66.
, .
, ""0
Ri;JCuncililltivn .il th 'lb w: &lgt.istr
Br
.
Babur<lm kch::.ryll ~
~t. ~1..s tilll .: , Rllja K.:lrn.::. '5..:n o'f Cn.'1 ud<mdi t who was II suppor:tcr Ji t b
Eng lish, ....es ttt'· bitt..J I'vs't. f ...e.. Lf ~h<: \l;>rlct..:ll1s. KDrnt: &:0 h.:.cj &id.. t1
J t' }' llPrakDsh Molls .:: gntrrst t.hd i:br kh:> li s , .::md 0';' '0 trii'd h,1 s bast t .,
drivo th...m out with th" supp-:;rt o f t.h~ English, Evcm th·."n, .Prltbvi N.:l r ol'-rJ
Sh<l h vu's mt ab l u t.:J puy ~·, dlil t...: il ttantion t.b Ciu: udll ndi bt.c<.ous" thl1
iSSUd 'J f thu TCjr<Ji torrlt.)riu::I v t N,: lcuanpur h"d oot y,"1,., ooun d... cicl..:eI.
'Ib(': Si.> t ',Jrl'i t.:; rl;,; 5 f1~r~ B till Wlddr tJL; vccupa d ·; o ef Ca pt~in Kinlcc h.
It WIl S l.J ppr.:lx:nd..,d thll t. .tf Ch ~udlmdi was ,",ccupL.:d, IJ s i milar disput. , '
lII.:Iuid !I ris ... with t.hd English a b Ju't its T&r .:li w rri t..,r i;;.:J . Prithvl. N'-' r "y .....
Sh:.; h th", ruf'Jru c .... SitkNu it 6dvis::bi.,, · t;~ prvc U\3 Q 6g1'l.."lS t Gh<.>ud<-'tla i <.;tH..'
oft.;;r g~tt.ing b~gk ih.:: T,~ ra i t.::rri1..;ri>::s v f .MLkWCInpur. J..cc,:.rci:Lng.Ly, h ...·
1nlt.l.u t •.,·d act.i.Jr( .::gClinst Tc;nl:l hu in thd west... .
...-
King 'rri:vik.r~llko S.m .;f T.... nahu had bticol!k:: frl~ht..:nt:d ..r~r. h ~ V-Ulg
bc".n frd ..,d by Pri tllvi l~b reyan Shc.:h . TlInDhu I 5 du lllinbilS tJk.p. \, ;_xt ~, l..l<.,. • .
t.... Chit .. Wl · in t.h.; inn",r T~ rei , Tr1vikr£lm.:. &.n d.l.s..; .Jwncd II 4:.<unimieri l.n
t.h " T.:: r Hi C:r.;<.l uf Bi:lttioh. s ..,uth 0,;1' Chiuun. Wh~n G.:;.lding o i' &tti.;,.h,
rtwnb . ldt .'1 t P!lt.na cnd Kin loch. WiJru pl[lflning ... sc.lc..ma military camp Di g!l
in ~h. pL:l., 'i'rrvikrJ'm.!l Sldn pr:) misc.ld tu. !ll1ow a pIlSSUg.J t.. th...-m thr" ugh
Chi tllun. Prith.yi rlbrayan Shah thbr ef0r;J plnnnuci tu wip .. .;;. ut. '. h·~ in.d~p~!.I
d<;: nt ·:;xist...:ncc: ) f .T.:lntlh~. In th;.;: rno.:lntin'l.J 'frj Tikr£.Vl1' &m d i~d §>nd · ~" s
~UCCO(. di.ld by his d ldost s..in, Ktl lOOridotta S",~. Evr.n th ..m, Pritbvi H ~ r':'Y ~:1l
uh ' ~: ' S pl:m remain,1d unchangud . H ~ s",nt tr·.)·... ps un~r ~ c·,II'I1I6lld vf r~::: k", ::1
j~;'! I K: r:, .J imh ~ B<:l.s ny.:n; t.> o ccupy Tan.lh~ . B!)tWUll F,JbrullJ:-Y ·e nd ,Hercn, t l._
v ·r i::l<. li t~0 .. ps. ~c cupi tl d Chhang, Hnnpang ond S;)m...t ./th.;.,I" Stltth.~ntE wJ t~.
.'1l ~ i on",! rfght ,C1710} . Thu lX. rkhDli tro·.1PS,· lldvancing furthur, b,"s i <l~;:Id .,)'u~' ,
C0nta. •••
.
'
. 67.
• •
tn ... ctlpitD l of T~n.Qhu. ' So..ling t.tlllt TClQahu cvuld ni.lt b..I dtlfvnd ..HJ any J'l _r .
K",mar1ci:· t,tc. ~n~ win W3$' child l oi.l ss, c"Jmmitf.U9; s1J,icid'... . His b r ) th',:l'~
Herakum.:..r.:,!(j<ltt..:l S~n, p~{;dBd,d him~lt t.J wj rk f~ ~ 1,in.i 1.y. p,ri tbvl {.;;_ !, .y; ; 1 .
St1£:h, t D<:'r .i:i 'J r.. , made him King :'If Tenllhu . Hll rakwnA r ~u.c tt.a tl1<-: n tl CC" J t, . .l
th", suz er .:J inty ut th.: G:..Jrkhalis. On 2':ccd ln t; t.,:, th.~ thI")n.:;, Har"' kwll::.r; .-
d(, tt•.:, &'n v.;:J w·Jd to ") bu LilwllyS ') J1 t.il"" sidB v1" the: Gorkh... lis in th ,ir i n:r .: .
• •
LarojUilg, sltuet",d to tk rwrt.h :) t 'l'::!nahu tlnd ad j'-Jining G::>rkh5, WoOl S .
a puw..trful Kingd;m, th ~ ugh it was sma ll il: !lr<".a . Kin g .jirOlIJ. ::~; . ;k' Sh .• h
~ f .LoD!jun6 f e lt ~·rr1:.: d wh" n 11;; lc~rn Jd of ' T~nahuls (lccept<lno", ·:;,f U r.~ ~.!: 1
suz",rainty. H_ slmt his C~,! wn Princv, BirabhupaLa Shah, t o Kathm ~, ndu,
end Qccepwd Prithvi N.. royDn Shah as his suzorain~ Prithvi tiorayan Shc h,
o n hb pf<rt, I"?Btor.cd " Rag~s f o rt to Lamjung. .
l'hf: ' f o rmer m1pl.sters 'of Lalitpur "Wc r .; ~ :)bl.klss at the: tinP.. Thos ..-:
, among the NlIgB:rkoti s o ldie rs' brvught by J"y~ ,PriJkash NaUD whu u Wlb<l
pr(;p<3rty in KllthmDndu VDlliry stay.:-d on ttw1'>. 'Only thQSL' .,.h~, J i d n:.. t
; c wn trfY prGp.;rty ia Kathmandu Valby l.:;ft it. Pri ~ i)vi , Nar~y<.:n S ha h ' he ' j
p<lmitwd th e. Nagc.rk~'ti s o l diors ::Jwning hvusos in Kathmandu t o 3; "(.",1,: ,
d,;)'wn th(o~,' rogurdine th .. m as l.o:..c.:.l inhnbi tlmtS. Si rd.::r Bhtnr.Joi 3imh.: ,
Wl!G I.JM .J f th\;:sl';: svt'tlt;rs. Thos..; N~gerk;Jt1 s:.)ldl~rs who had r "'fIli.,in..J
. un.,m'~.L";~·\. cl :d t,.;;r tr.lCI c:,) l ,l .apsJ ~f tht: .Ma l.i..l ' rule. j oi nold t.hv 'Wldmpl'..)y" j I
minist. ...rs ",f' Lt.:litpur l.n hatching 1I c,Jnspirucy t :. &ss !: ssina t~. ?rit.hvi
lI:..:r:..iyun S~h 8.0 '.1 .;irivt: ,.>"ut th\;: , liI. rkhll .1.is frum th ... V~ .Ll.;y c.nd thus r .... ::i't .... ~'
t.h.::ir d,Jrn1.n<.! iiun . lbGy pr.:;bably in t...n.:ic.la 'tv frill:;:: 'hj'!lIWr(lsiir.h.:.o Man... ,
vh,-, W, :8 tOdtl in dd tdntic n, cnd nieltu him .king -,)f all t h<.. thr~,..I Klng0" a.s
, c, ) fuPrisin~ Kllthmondu Vsll~y.
, , ,' - ' , ,
.kt thu tilnd ",hun th~ mElj:.>r p£;rt -,) f th", G.)rknal1 a rmy WDS in 'l"IJ,.!lU,
, rri'thvi i~ ~ raYfn Sh.:J h pr..)ce lJd~ d to Bhnktapur tn visi,t t.hr: i,~mph. ,) 1' .k't. <-I'
' tt... y~ . ,l..J h:. l"\.: ~,choJ s ,l.~n.;ly pl<l ce, tht: pslanquia c l; rryil'.g 1im \.,G :; ~, r. :
bUs~.a , QY Eih<'lW&!Ji 'Simhll,' w~ was '_on. bors.;)b':ck. Exactly at the tim..: ",h u
.8h.:iw~nf Si.in:! we s making an .Btt.uir.pt 0 Q ·Prit.hvl NaraYlin 'Shah I s ·lii ;" 'rI:" tt
his 5'ot..)ro , Hsrsha Pentha, the: , l~tt..:rls b:Jdy guard, dlsp". rsvd ,th . c;JOs!-,i'-
r l:l'l;.')rs and kilb:d Btwwanl Simhe . Thool surviving Nagarkoti c . )nat>~r ~j t .;.l'$ .
Wc:N cQPt.ured the: , n~xt da/. 6 f c n nur minis~rs qf LoUtpur, incl.udln~:
L:)xmi 'DI.l6, W'~ r~ ols o £l rr~stE.:d wh~.:.n th.i.:ir c .:J nspir~cy W~8 unO":'W J'(.Iu •• ,.1.l
, these minist.::rs weru b~besck:d (March 1170).. Other Nagsrk:l ti $v1dL..rs wr..:.-
tr.... :'I k pert, in ~'" c o nspiracy ,wore "behODood tit th;J~r '::',wn hous as .. , '
:r:,rlthvi NarSytlD ' Shah ' gladly gave HsN.hll Pa~thD tho ' tltl~ Bljuli 'l ;f
(lightDing),bocaus. ·he hDd struck Et BhDwon1 Simtu. "n'd b', heododhim,t .
lightning spoed. S~c~ th~n, ,Horsba Pantha came to b'j k.'l;;,Wfl os Bl.juli
Pantba. '" " , ,
C:mtd. •••
66.
,
. Sinel:. thcl' Po'Wtlrt'ul : KillgdvmB ·;)f Tanahu' BnQ .Lamjung Iwd acc-.:ptod
N.~poll s suz:rainty, Pr! thvi -Narayan Shah 8!lW thpt 1 t WOB D<JW p0ss1t L-
t;... ) ;cxta.nd th~_ trontl~r:;l of _bi"s Kingdom to tn.e -Mc.Id1 c,;l1d KaligtmdC:!ki ri v ,:,::;
in onc: stroke. H~, ttiGroforL d()sp~tchod .506 troOilS '. ~nch UDoor tll''; c ~r'~l: ..:lJ
")f V~:msh(, Raj P :.:n~ an(:KahB.r Simha BasI\Yst t.o .)ccupy , tb.:. northurn' qlt! . ~
S'JUthvrn Kinf:.d'lms rcspc:ct1vt:ly • .Ki~g BlraDlDrd£m.~ Shah Jil.:ly haVe t;ont El -
c'_n"t ingGnt to.) hi...l.p Vflms!W Raj .P~nd l,;. Vemsha Raj' P£lnd:':'.8 forcws ' ~ :d. _. :,-,,~·~.,
iut.:.. Kc.tSki unc occuptidd tilt;: P:Jst of Bhanckridhik • .l!t) th.m B ~nt ' .. In:::SC<ig'
1;.:) King SidJh~ Nar3ya~ ·. Shah aski.,ng ,him t>_: llCCOpt J?rlthvi . N':':NY':i.I - :3h ~', h' b
suzc''rDlnty. _But S1ddh1 NlirEly=n ~hD:h, wh:~ was' b£lckQd by Kirt.lbc;ni N,di;1 :j'£
b rbut, r afusnd t.:.J 'd 'J. SQ. Vemsho ~j pande thfo!'Nfo~-;;' t:n~ugh.t it prvoont
tu wl.: it [ '';; 1;' .5 '.;m '-~ mar;,) t1n:. :3nd wotc,h th,J , svut~a~ - [ ,l imk ,oof o ra attacking
Kil :::ki in struIlgth. ~'lhan, Elt __ nn opport~ ro.JlPl-:n~" Vr·msha Raj Pend ..,- lannch.. d
his in~<-'s bn ~' i' KoJ.!!ki, Sj.ddhi Nbor:Jyan Sb:.: h trldd_ his utm?st to f e il it.
U1.timot;J ly,. tb.; Gorkh;li.is tlm"rgad victorious in · this battl~, and Siddhi
.~ ~ r;:Ylln Shtlh "cc~pv:'d Prithvi ~~ 'j r'~y!!n Sh." h I S suzdrainty. .
',1',.':' tr.... ~ps 3""01.0 und~r t.b ... c~(:llll~nd ',if t(c: h.:Jr . Silllh.J J.:..snyot , .r::d.v :.nc ... o
t." w::' r 03 tb S-.I Ut!: al·:; ng wiLn r ... infvrct:r11ll::nt~ Si.int fr,n: 'ranbhu. t ,)w~v ... r,
- , loh .:. - cr.id't L.inS., '.:..f 'r{i!:.in6 ~!id i);J-~ rJ sit\L:I~ ,j in t his r "gi-.Jn, rt;;fus~J t ..
<: ~kn,:. wh: jgu Pr,L thvi i;:.: r <!i"ln St.u..o , as .t.'ldr K:...ng. , ..i.s, foUCi:)" th .. t"t'·;-.JP::' c·..in-
lnt," irr:.m n,:;'SUlg' ·unoJ, ... :r t t", ·c,JJlUn.;,nd ,~t K.Jho:r SiJu~ .B!lSn.fIH., ~i1ci t •.h'. ~s:; .
.. ,JVl.lncing frum Ii'uw-eko_) t. ~d(:r ttl... c...;mm.snd :.d. V.~nsh:! Rc..j rand;', j " it.u,.i,,"
.~~v~~'7 d 8.hirk0t ','ad dvf-.i,-:: tu~ tq ,~ t-l':i :'ps 0.:: tli~ Lc:; ~ ~ler in 't,h~ btl tt i.,.
. v1: Crnhck.J t (Jun.; U7L). Th,,, , , rul\;;r ,,1' G.:: !'h<."!un, wto -_ ...,('S /: mi Jl Jr,
. ,,WI_S
.c:'J rri",j a\lfliY Tt ,} ' uUlm~ by, his J' i L}i.s:'t;..~l·S, whiL: :tb.' ru~r " f l'i.:i;,Wl rL -Jc.1
. hiQ c <J pit.11 r, ft ;. r 0f i'::.. ring, ti ~ ht .. l'.S i S t· ' : : 'C~ • . hS :i Nsult, o,:,tb tr; :~'"'
princip.:.' liti;~s C·::'1Jc" u n ..Jul' toh" c :'I.:,t.r ,l - ~ 1; Prl.thv·~ d~ r~yl.· n ShL' ~I . E.v:"n~
succo.;.;d(;:ci i ., I.,..xt ,rlding to;.: (bmini .os vf Nt'pEll t ; tr. }:!ilig:Jnd,'; 1d riv,.::_· ,
4 <! r.<:l r S itrl l ~<j 0;'1 srly.; t : 'jfi'~ V..;ms_ha . .t:taj .P<-'DJ,;; spu nt th:', :1 .';;'$ :"!n in Bh:!.r ~{, t .
. L'1 th-.: bo tti~: o f Grihtl~t, the 9f s'_ll ctL:-rs d:d spD_t _ch4:::1 .fr . > Til .~ ,0'- h-.. t..
SUppo rt th~ ri",rkhll1.i.s s~~;;,d.:l mutiny, •. 1 tJwr ~t: tb'f · inst1g-?t1~!J~ ~f _tlJ,,: il'
King, J.1!.r?ku~rC!Qi.l t 1.<1 S-;m , -o r. tv , 91,: t.5.;'": th -'- r\l1.~r Ji Bl}irk·.).t •. .Thl...:(. J ,) i.:k J
:~:. Bhirk .• t . trr)ops: Don ! ·; ught. " g;: lJ;lST. th.~ G; rkh.. lis. 111imsb.:l ~j · F';,'rlti r:1:;:
,.Il.
nar" 3imb~ &;!sny:, t. :.;rdoJrud s 11 , thl.,s<;: d<:isl;l'r tdr!.i t.., b,; b•. h.J:fldr;d, '. m. l.il.·
Charg~: c·f. ~t: ving aid<:!d \!lith., th.'_ "}n:;my. Hcralrum<:.ral;ia t.w &lr ';)u~CI-rcil.y tri o
Jh pr:)vo:' ~"! 1;i ,- Ill:: W': S fl'.} t , rusponsib;t..:. f o r thiS inc.1:dont. Hqll':::!'ir, t." ",C$
- , :
- , -,
v.mtd •••.
69.
Vdry angry ,a t tho Go rkhfll1S. HQ wus Wlsbl" t ? e xpress his f e ... lings bdce us:. j
b~ l~ ck.Gd st.rengtoh. But tnis inc1d.;.:nt r0vivo::l d tno 0 Ld fO rl lir.bs ·)f h<:l tNd
t :J r th ~ G6 rkhL:ll:i am. ..tng Wit p.:.')pk.of 't anohu. It was nt this s t llglJ t.h.ot.
thcl ru~r 9£ Rising dt:. fiod t.h ~ Gcrkhalis. Vr,msh.!l Raj PlIodu th~reafkr
:)ccuplcd RI,sing.
. .
King B1ramardanc 5Mb. v i ,Lamjung, King Kirtibam }!allo of Parbat en..;.
King Huk:unda San U of Pdpa 'W e r e th..] l eading figures in tb-it Chaubisi
Statos llt the time. Thl: trv;.,ps of Lomjung lI nd Perbat w,,;.re n·)t inferiur
to tha Gvrkhlll1S. Plllpa, of co urso J lacked. mllit.1ry powr, but i t was
oconomieally prJsp..H"OUS. That is why all th..iso thru ~ su.· ~ s :lcc upi:.::d ~
o::;min&nt p'J sitiun in the r~gi-:..n c0rnprising t h\:. Ch.:!ubisi' swt.:>s •. Th>::y
w.,N ccnct:rnclu ond a l.Dnned ')vor t.h ~ se"rit;5 ... f vic t..:ri t} s U~:1 by t h-:. G..:. r-
kh ~ lis. lbi3 !Dct that. th ... Gorkh£;li tro ops h<ld acivanc<Jd os f £r as the.
l~ tt l!lank ·.;f tht.. K... ligl.lnda ki rlv~ r Dnd c.J nso l1 dc1t.Jd th~ lr positio n
th"ro was intul,Jr ab l <.i f or thum. ValllShcI Rhj P~nde · and KClh~r Simha Basnya,
howu v~r, cumm;t.tt..: d th;) mist£lkoJ e f wa~ti ng J m;.,nths o It was durin( this
p<JrLd that the ",nClnd.oJs ef t.ho N",pal guvl1rrune:nt f .)und an o p~u rtunity w
·organize til.Jm&::- lws ag<:! i nst t M G.:.:rkhalis. Early in IK::cembIJr, ttlAJ ChllU-
. blsi stCttas starthd. fdve rish mil1tnry pl"\;parllt~" ns against toht;. Gcrkhc:l.i s
in Tanahu. ~ng t.hos\J "Who played El majo r r .:.> li:t in toosc prep£l rDtlons W i:r ~
th.,; Kings ·of PEll'bc.t, Kaski and Pa lps. Sincu \.hE> rul~r s of Tanahu BOO
LamjWlg also wa n. indirectly invo lvdd in those prepDratlon s , th.:: Gorkhcl.i
t.I""JOps · dli:plc,yad in Bhirkot f acod th~ dungi:ir ~, f be ing cncil'clad." 'Ib~s.::
ru10rs plaIlocd "t) liquidau, t:.l1c Go rkhali troups in Bh irkot · i mmodi a t Gly
~ f"Wr th ~ md uf the: · r ?iny SEtIl S..lfl, Howcv(> r, Vemsh n R;, j Pandu p, nd K:.:h3.r
Simha 86snyat; ll"'tl8r.:: of th.: gl'l ving Of}'..;tny 'Ju1 1d-up in Sa tahWl, r.:;CiiZ . h::
th'. . nc~d tc l.DUnctl l: prJ-emptivu at1:..!lck. 'lbuy pr.:nnptly a thcke,:l the t:li0m,)' .
tro~ ps at SutBhWl. : .. f'i...,rc·.;, batt.l", ...iCl5uud, in which t.he GJrkha lis 1010:.:1' ....
dofoatc:d. 500 G::> rkhe li tl'.J·... p~. wr~ killi:ld alon g with Kahar S1mh~ Basny(l~.
·VDIDSM Raj"Pandu was capt.ured (Oeci:llIlbcr 15, 1771). Surdc r Ran.::lshur PDnd...: ,
bI'l'.Jthu r ·o f V:lIllShn Raj PEindc:, . tt'.on t .)o k comand o f the Gorkhal.i tro~ ps.
lit . t.")ok tho rumoining Gorkhll ll tro'J pS t:l Dhor.
In vi~ w
o f tht:< ,j~fC llt 'Jf th.;. Go rkhllli t roops , th~ Kinbs v i Lamjung,
KDSki and Tanpbu to.) o.p ; nly dufi...,d th..; N...:pa l lOve rrunl...nt. • .c.B s (..("; n a~ n" w5
o f th·.l humlliDt10n sufftlrvd by th0 G.,JrKlw 1.1 tr ...)ps Nlnchi:d Knthmandu,
Prlthvi ~!aray;Jn Shah dloispat.ch03d a c~nt.i. :1l!t,. nt of tro.)PS und :.r tru.. · C':;fIlj"n~nd
of Dholu:l S1mha, yvungr.r bro thi.:." r .Jf Kaha r Simb:..: BasnY;lto Po..: '-l is , S(.:l111:
Hll rl3M Panttu:. to · llC CO mp ~~ I".y this conting.... nt. HOWiive r , t ~..., Kinc!; of T,:mDhu
"nd .La'"'\jung) vM hlleJ !'Uooll..:r! ,!f;a!.nst th .. llc:t>ll l k:;O \f'Jrn..-::I..:nt., pr~ v,.) ntb d
th... ~rk.h2lis f rom CMSS ing tho M3rsy.:tngdi ·Tivo r o Or.. t.h~ pr i:lssnru of
thd.!k.i- Kings, t"hv ruie- of Dilor t..) J r ~ is...ld th .... bDnn:., r .)f r ·. v.) 1t. cg"'l.ns t
th~ N... paL go wrnm ... nt (J':"lluDry 1772) . t.s b NSult., toht..: l'_mIllJnts ;;f t t...·
dlOl.ttlatdd G.:.rkMl1 troups f v und thvms"lv;;;s uncirclbd 00 ~ ll s 1Qgs by t.h ...
"n...rny.: Buth EkinLlsur rllndu a nd. P r~bbu hi:ll.la ~ r~ rnut:k; pris:Jnl:lrs by th~
c.: ·ntdo ••
enc·l!iY. The ,Gorkhnli tro,)PS,' wll) .w.;:·ru, thus deprived .)1' ·,C~rnmDnder.B J brokt..
the :siage with C0ns1d~r£lblu ,d ifficulty , a-nd moved into T.:Jnahu. Evun att:::r
thoir' entry into Tanllhu; ,thc . G;;rkh.. l i trc )ps, l~J by Sube:dars,. f uund
ti.le,ir. path block~d at d1ftarant plncos by the inh~ ·:" i tnnts 'of Tanahu anci
LamjUOg.· 'TOOy were ~ v;;)n .deni.:d an opportunity to USl.' boats t.:. . .crvss th ~
'Marsyangd1 riv~r.They ulti~tely crossed tru-l riwr wit.tLdifficulty. 'l'h..:
r'..:intQl",coilktnts d,-,spat.ch~d from KlJtl'"lrllundu under ' th" c -:;mmand !) t ,JDtIokal
,Simhll Basnya't. w~'rc thull,. staying ut tobo ' sllma pll(co).- 1bc ~) 'fcrI:c;u,s' thus
'lil\ked ' up.
. '.
' ""
.
.
;:, . '
"
.. ,'.: . Ranasur P8nc.io;l~ o;)(nmunder. ,,~ t.h!,} Ntr'; f1 tiag ' truop~" yas d.i~is:;lvd
by Pri:thvi Nflrayan Sl-wh. '111:) 13": s·~, hjicrs 'wn':' hac .bst gLin,s ~<::N tin...:d
..w1:~.h.' ~ 60~OO ~ech. In lldditivo, he ri:;tlUzo,;j ir0m tht:JIl, ~ swn r; f Rs 60.00
each a~ ,the pric\:l :.;f th<dir gun. Th.., d<;lfuat su.tf ,irtl~ by th.J Curkhali
·tro ... ps in th~ bcl t.t.l\l ,~ f "Bh.irk:.t, wh.ich. w.5~ m:ir~ ' sorioJ us t~n the ond
thuy had sutfel'tJd in Kirtipur, <lnd th'J fDct that it had r-::sul~d, from
: th~ir bncirclomcnt by the: enemy.;.. gavo Cl now lO/38:>D tD tho Gorkhsli
conm!lndc~s~ lht)I\laf-wr~. .-thttY btlg:,n to sh:)w qt.loost circumsp...:c::'ion wh·_ n-
3vur ttwy sot ,Ju-t' to inveda any rag·i on.
. .' .
#iter the fall ' 0.1' BhaktDpur, th.:J fNntiure o( Nopal ; in the h.1U
r .... ~bn hed cx-wnded "from th,j ~ Cq"pe and Mar.~[lngdi riVl::rs t~. ;th<.J IN.6.h-
koshlrivbr, nnu' t.::J th..z inntir Tartli in the sjuth. How..,·YQ,r,. · th.e. n0W Stat..:
'Of Nop-'" 1 WBS sti"ll incomp ~et.:; J sin~ tb;; Bn tie!,!' QCC4pat,1,-:.o l,l.- .of .·thr,/'l'tirui
nr '" DS of Makwanpur c,::. nti nu'd,. ·The Tilrai territories ,ext.::.nd1ng tr1Jn Psrs3
~:); 'Mahottari w\;;'r~! ·"a part of »w'kW<'lnpur ·Swt t:: .. Th~.' i 6r;}sts: ,~f this . l1r 'JIJ
l-/er~ inhnbi t,.:·d by nW'll8l"L:us Wil~ 301mals 01 Thd' }bgnur I>:mp.;rors J t.hervf:)l"o,
-had Dccept.:;i tl-Kl 1J 1~p h'tmts 'unnUh-lly as tribuw , from lwf.:)c.}lant=lu~"', H:)WI;;ver,
when th;; N<Jw!.lb of a..:rigal- and Bin~r -dt::cl<lrcdhjip8elf , , 1mlopoinoont aft,~ r
th.":' ,~i@1.nt~grati')i1 '; f th-.l M.)gh.ul Empire f (1 1l.6w1ng thQ . d~.~th ·. (, f ..t.urangz"b,
th~t njmi,nis~ld;"Jr ~f Paten d ..mlClml""d e[,sh instdad '.,1' ;:, lophants. Th0y ' (')v.• o-
tunUy r<l1sed. tht:.: Clffi.:l Unt of th,~ tribu iA: to Rs 12,506~oo. Paym.::nt of thl.-'
trihu'k wes disco-ntinU> ' ~ ""'I~_n Prithvi Na rayao Shuh. Q~cUp1ud lwkwunl-lur,
inclu<J ing ita ·Tar.:: i t""rritor'~s. In th-- m~Mti~'- tti.:; Br1tish ' b.:ad. br Jujiht
~ng/:ll ' ~nu B'ihur, ,--\S' w",U. a,s OuJh., Wl,-~r thtlir oontr. .... l. 'rh..:. ... m..::rgc..ocu ,~· f
t .w..; ' pClrailel Sw ws in · this m<lnu<.:r CNe tad fedlinbS of tostlli.t y betwee n
' ~':I:'l. Lt was uut :)1' f<jar of t.h. ... Br~tisn that 'Prithv~. NarbY-'io . Shah . h.urri , ~J1y
oceupicdNakwanpur. ., '"
. ThE:: British .had also th\;;l amqition ut""'.Jceupy:mg th.; ' hill regiGilS u£
~ep~ l in urder .t;; monOpolizo India's tr<l d0 with Tibut Bnd M:.;ngoli~ · · thr ... ugi'l
NG~~ l' B terr1to·ry • . io.t th;.~ mv~nt .they W.:lr,.;' thinking oJf cbing so, th03y
rucc.ivt.:tl • . l!i.:sspgo.·
.
frnm·' Jays ' PrDIc.<lsh. !'..<Illa pl!.-:il d1ng f ur 1J8sistanc",. lhl!
' .
Contd •••
71 •.. .
British' responded ':v.; this 'meas~g!'l ,by s(;nding, trq ')ps uqJer tbtl cmnmand
of' Kinlooh.· However" Kiploch failed t.:J. enter intc the nill ' regi:m -"nd
tha inno'r Ta'r e i of · NEfPal,_ . 1I~l!ItaY<ild . ,:lD in ' Barn ' dis trict w~th to.., inkn": .
twn of 'atteffiptHii~ to" Il'IOWl int.~ Nepeli turri'klry"a yuar lawr.- How,,:v,;;r,
nu c. ccupfed thl:i Ti:lrai, areas--of. f arslI nnd RautClhat distric't s, and' 'stClr'Wd
e;)ll~'C ting' revonu<:;'- in 'O rrlar t·), mc)o~ th..:. c.Jsts ",f t.hl!l war,. In tnt:· m.;"n';"
't1D:l, Prittl'~1 NOIr:.yCl" Shah- occupitl d'K!3 thm~nd u_ & h d Jlhakt'::l pur; thar.;;:by
d.isCouraging tho Bri ti,.,sh Jr-Jm Illi:l\dng any 1I ttklmpt. to
(;;Inter into:.. N<ivcd.. .
1'ill then, how.;;v.::r, he had not pai"::: .:.ttaritLn to Bura jist.rict. Even
aft.Jr t.tla ooath of Km w ch, Hardy cvntimwd cullecting revonua Bm.)unting
t;;; Rs 24,000.00 &nnunll.y in .ailr" Jistrict. But h.::, wg",thur _with his ...
. _~uup:l,foll a vi·et.im ·to ffiiJluri1) . Ht·ne,;;· tho Br"it.ish ttLU.Co t th.uY.,.st:lvu1.::
b<J r r,:,ady "l;.rJqui t. the Tar.:!i' if ' t.h<lY c ·; ul.,,:! t:'ursu':': ,.\.; Pri"Ch vi Naraya n Sh...Ih
t .) p~nnit thun tr) 0ngag;: 1n trlldi; in i'lepzl, wnich w..;,ul J Yll:lj &n incvm'"
of mora than Rs 24 ,OCO.:::>O ~nnu~lly t u th~m • . ' ..
.'. '; . . -
Satya'd har Upadhyaya' Datuil, wh.,')' liv<.;. j · at Jhongajh0 U ·· (now in .East "
No' ~ 2), whi'ch f~.>nn-ad part of Makwllnpur 'sic.lta-, _wDS an cmp1.o'you (; f th~ _
daPQsod King HomakaI'llll S"m .. His $ c"ln, Dinanath" Upadhyaya, w£!:;i' <in iJrnPl,oy ..,;
uf l{ahar S1mba &lsnyst vhil,,,, "the lattor wus govurn;Jr uf Makwanpur, fur
bl:l -knew well t.hi..~ ·l"(;lati;)Oship b;, tw",,,n t.h0 King c;f Makwanpur and the Mug
Nawabs with n :'gard, :1;;o' .thiJ T~l'd~ H.;;;;l~' . bJ-d <lCCe5"S t.;.;. ·th" r.ll.cv"nt dJ, ~~,
-m~n ts. Ha · thor<if o re went 1:..). K;ithm~' neu a 10n6_wi t h KLlh£'.p ·Si.mt\:. &lsriya:t. ·.',il J
Personally' ~ppt:;'taa.j t,.;J' Prith-vi i~a rayan ShD.h 1:,-)' lib'.;ra'OO tht:! - TarEAi re gi .'1I
uf MD\cwanpur fr-jrri: the '.clutenus of · th~ British •. 'lb~ s1.'lggastibnsput for ~
wa r ·j by' him 'in this Ng:;:rd .Werf:l 3pprc Cia;l;od by .Prithvi N3rqy"~'n 'Sh<.ih, wU
. ; thertlforo . sent Din,qrtath Upadhyqyo to ha ld n.::gotiations wi t~ Mtij()::' :r:, lLl'
,,' c British ':Jfficer, in .JJ.:>rbhnnga (January 1771). ' -
... , - ::,: -" ,;',,-,.;,: " , .-. ,.
, '· Ai:. this·-tw-,- Brltish. :Jff lc.srs anJ th~ offici a ls ~ r .t.h",HQg!lul; '
" ' Nawab -in' Bangal and , BihElr, · W<.l n: aJrninistilring t.oo .j,istricts. On : r"'Dchirig ,
DlIrbhanga~ Dinartatb. Up.o::.inyaya _conv",y..::d a IM;ssag" fr.Jm Prithv-1' Naraylln
SMh' t i/MEijc.r K· :;ll~r·., - Tho> Irli.issagu fjr;m isu;! t.J pOor t,..; t..t.~ British "th.". ' .
s
sam... 'tr'ibu:ws :-in c..)nsiJu_Nti(,n ,:.f t.h~· Ti.;r<!i ~rrit:.iri... which th,,'MOgbu l
Nawaos ' USud -t.J ~c;;iv"j ·i'NM -th~ ~inb. ".J! '~~ k\"Ll:l,;Ur~ In.<.idJiti0n, · lt : clD~
, t.hil t _sinCtl" MakwonpurllOd b<ion .;;nn~..xl.lp by t'ri thvi hi.: ri:iyaa ShD..h , it_s T.Jr<;l
- t.f:::rritJries 'sh"uld txd,.)~ t- J ,.tll.r4. )-1iij.:.or Kdli.UY !QI"WI-lrdd,j 'this ' Vn.,~-..Is."l l
t 'J ·.his sUt->C:lriu rs in Batn.:., who transDi.itt...d it t,,:.. th.:! g.:.ov;.;ri,,-,r (.if ·aen~,-, l
enu Bihar. Tbc v,:..Iv.,.ru,Jr accuptad this tJ!'.JpoS6 l in tnetup;.i thatsucn to
c:,)'lcillatQry g..; sture . WlJuLJ <;l nablbtt),ci Brit.l.Sh tu gdt a f'.,-, ~ th(; L.: in N,;r-".L
Th.,;:r~ 'w r ,::! hea ttl.:1 argum..:r1ts b<; t:~~n :Qin.::.:naib Upadhy:.ty~' -an::.!" Maj:..r K.;lWY
''In'; th;: quesii::n of tribu-Ws. ,.Records in -tru; ·Po ssassi:...n of -th.z'Brit.ish
.:: ffii:ai ra in ?a'tn~ sh'JwJ that th,j. Kings ~f !'lBkWanp~r usC,(·t.o·'s:",nci ~ 21 "
i'cut ·.tall ~lf:;pharlt as tributu every YC:.t,i-. I t wos ':In 'this dundit16n ' ihl.t
...
'. '. " w ntJ •••
72 •.
thl-. British agreed t.) v!lcato too Tarsi tcrrit.jri~s of MakwantJur in !CIV-Jl'
.If th" Ovrkhalis and Ncall· Hordy frum theN. Huwevcr, thi,,; British
~ r:, p:.J,*,d that th::! Gorktlalis shuul:::! help tv rec"V\.:or th", r 6Vtl!lU", Drru.:..rv
:./tlian Hardy ha d bet:n-unabld t :.. CGll~ct.. Dill3n3th Upadhyaya agreud. t ) thib
prc ~"s<ll llnd signoJ an CtgrU\;rm:.nt tu this "££<lot •.. Hardy thun vi t.hl.!r .... w fr< .&
loh", 'l'urtli r-;:.gion Dl ong with his tr()t:ps . Dln3nath Upa ;!hycya, un his i:.t' rt,
r~ic.)v", rod the:: l\:.V",nUod llrroars ana handed ;.Jvi::lr tht; saml3 to thu Br.it::'sh.
i.; r thre·) yelJrs, N(Jpal c '.J ntl.n\;.~d sl.:ndine s" 21-feet tal.l al>l(Jh~nt
tu th", Brl.tish. la B dlepiwnts ;..f ttJ.at heigh t wt:rio . nut 'avllilaok ill ..b-,
f ..; res ts , in subs.:! luunt years l; ....:~<l l. fient <..I n t;lG~)ha'lt v f a h..,it:-ht. 'Jf nptJ r ,_
xi.nwwly 19 l\;ut. ht first, too oritish rais"" ,! ,)bjtlctiuo to this. But
~!h(;n Dinant:th Upauhyay.s PI"?JucoJu an agro~munt sign..:d butwutm Nawab
j·t.,L.:.lwet Jung a nd Ram Narllyan, whiCh pr'J vi.d>2C f;,r tht; ;:trosanteti'. )fi <...f
an ~lupha n '.. o f tbst huightj tbc-. English off1cOT J Guurg,:, V~n.sitt.9rt,
~g rCl",d t :l accept such an elophElOt ,'!nnually •. 'l'tll:! Ji.:."u't-. 0 VIolr P:;,rsa and
'R.::.utllhllt wos thus finally sctt.L<::. d . Warrc:n Hastings, th.o' ndW "overrur
G ,~n..:, ral v f th,) British East Inc1ia CO~llny , accept.:.d lkpall ~ svv", rdgn ty
o vor '::.11<_ T.Jrei. ':iith th<....: rustor,';ti,:;n of the 'faNi r..,gion, to", Urrik.ry
A the Mwl.y-cl'Ul:'tcd Kingd.:;m '~ f N.'fl.:l 1 <.; x1.CnCtoJ t.. th,:. DuJhk,:~ shi l·m!
Kllmal.c rtwrs in thd Lost, thc· MiJr .sY.3ngJi rivvr in th ... 'HeSWrn hill
I'e{fi" n, ,,11, Uril: river in th:. T<JriJi, 'nb·- t in to' , fJ " rt.h, !lnJ BilleT in
thi;' s :: uth (1771-72) .. Prithvi Na r e:y .. n Sh<lh g': 'v~' ;)ri':rity t . ; tt!, :t:;sk 0f
fu rthtor expandine the 1A:rritJry ') f this ne:w St: t-J . H:iVini 'r. _ l with s .; t-
bllCks in SDtDr.un as <l r ..::su lt vi which h ..., £ai l(d £::, c .. nquer th.. Chnubisi
stat<s, Ill: divr;rt.Gri his <.:tt..mt10n irum th( w,Jl:!.toJrn r:.:gio~ , . .mu stDrtc:J
!-,!'\3'pa ring t J, occupy t.h... t\.n ~'n Kingd::HI'IS -: if Ghj ud~nJ'i and Bijcy:j ~ur,
'situated i.n ...th·:;: easter.1 , region . -,
73.
.
.- 81,~s81ngS.. Pr"viously, y<)u had dvs pa tch'.ld 2 dh':'rnis ;"f Cl)Pr--u l" • .:'Y(,U
MW! now dc:spc.tchuJ 36') :iharnis. y·;JU hilV" .3 1su- r up0 rt4d: ul!:xl):)rtS ,) 1'
c opp"r to the 5-:) uth h(Jvtl be en bmUltl1. Co{.ip(:r wi.Ll b<:: ~W·Ctl ... sed with tl'".<: J
arrears duoa fr0m IjBredar, Dbc:r<m1 an..:! sU~;,Ili,(;;u SOAI. ioV;:'I"J[.>r i<> t " .::.rr:u1c<ol ...·
m"'nts will bu I!IOIdt: .. fter studying tht: l'I:.lsui.ts .,f ~j~ r ..; bflJ ·m nfln ;:! t. .;~ r<l
tiu n (of cop~ r .mint:: ~) during 1862 (1.80,5-6). (.i::m~bjt;;"s) h<.!v", bo.;~n s.;nt.
tr.) inspect mi.nbs in diff ..1"(.mt aN~.S. n rlt'.) n0V... nJ tu..J th ~S·.1 .,.art.i.cul..Jrs • .
1.'w-.i c'JnsignJJliJnts o f cu vptlr navu bG,,{J. r<lc~:"v .i.l , ~ 5 y ... u wiU. l<:larn l"rvrn t n....
rl: ~itlts issu~ d by the rnagozin<.l-. y",u h;,v<l d..;n~: wo.; ii 0] b ;:, ntUI ~ <.:J4jjr1<s ... 1'
c :;: tJt'd r t J mu a.·J uth. ruTCtl<.lS-'; cJpp",r Wit.h t,h ... c r r.Ji.. rs Uti<> fr~m t h... Ij<"r'LJnr
bud des(Jllt.ch it quickly. DJ nvt m!; k" .o.ny u",luy. £t"'tJJrt t-, ~ .....';"LhoJ r s"',,~ J..J'
"i' c (Jl1[).t r win bo oxp~uit0<.i" Jfl Ija r u 0 r hmbun t. bl,:Jis o;.; uring 1662 (l.8:)$-6).
P.)op l e a N coming b~ rt:; with o1f::rs (to ·Jp,J rst,(: cUpptJ r minss) on IjDr l.l b<;:>is .
We will d e) wh p.tcvcr 15 £IkJprupritlt.:,; . DJ n:..t lIlllke th" sligbt....s;;, c.c-L:.:y, Ork:
5,,-nd sUPl"l i tls quick ly.
C·)ntd •••
(c) From King Girban,
101 dh.:lrnis -,f plll't: o",,;p.. r, 111 ",rw rnis . . . f l..:. -=d ,.snJ 171 Jh.olrn1s vf
ir0n haViJ b a-:.:n raceilld.;i t.hrough Darb<i Sing Mjhar <:is the final inst.allm.,nt
-:,i thu 5uppliiJS du.:. Wlddr t.h.., Q(..ntrDct t ... o[J ~r<lt.:: C0jJ~," r,' lstld <;nd irm
mines in tha Listi eras ( 0£ Sindhup.:l1chok district.) uuring th;;: yliJi.J r 166 l.
(1804) •.
~.shadh ,Sudi ,1 ~ 1862
(June 18?Sl.
(On the Sllme data, similar raea i pts 1o/6Ort,: issuuJ f .lr 561 dharnis iJf e<)~J(l<,;r
frc)M the K1tyani oO,Jpe r mires ,in ilu,wa1ot. " anJ yn dhiJ rniB fr'jm Pa1:lncn.: k) ..
-
3. Wax
T.) all vill£lg .!'s <.nJ. out;:.'.:. sts (Ch.cluld) in the erens situated ' w::st ui
vishnuma ti rival' .snd east. of RDginns.
~rovide portcrag..; stOrvicEls in yuur are.:l f 'Jr WO;} trDnsvort :.Jf Wt.x Dnd
b:..n ..y baing ~upr: l1vd fr;)m R.!!giJ:l<lS oooor C<.;otr" ct f .) r tho::!'jnanutacturo uf
~ ::lOnon. Th.c:. s e s U;1? l ~ s sh"'ll .n'..lt b<:" hdd up : t :J r.y ;.utilos t .
OJntd •• ~ . . , '
75;
Larga qunnUtl\Js of W<JX - ~ r,"ql.li,ri.. d hEorc f ')r -the manuf<.!oturt: 'of 0&0:"
mn. Su p ~ly all wax prui,.+u.c,::>,": in your . ~Na_· ,V.J tM- W'<:x c ,~ ntr.:'ct:.. r (Main-
Bhunsi.lrl) on "tJllynuUt of ttk. pricu et l OCDl r<.i w~r. Tht:o c Jnt.rac"tl...lr s h<lll
c :.. lkct. a chargt> :.;f 2 snnos ?-"r _dharni ut wtlX in a dJ i t.l. . .I n t J th~' l uc41 ~
rat.d and 8Up;>ly it to th,;; llIWlitLJns f'actury. ~v.::r._· ",WlishIJ).;.nt smd.l b,;;" '
i.lwerdod if .,l'Vvn .:.nv rni.l sa o f wcx is s ;,.> lj t, j y r.h.:rs ...or " x i,-,rt<:: J .
You ll~ dit.V,.ctad t.:.,. furnishqu1ckly pc rticu1<l rs of' 'thy we .. t1on ::>f
hon.)y-c(Jmbs 8S "wt(Ll ~s "f th~ quantiti",s ( Jf , W.!IX Cv l.1'..;c1;.dd by y •. u in Jii'i~-
r- Jnt Bn)3S.
.- .. , C:mtd ••.
76.
4. Timber
'l'hllnkot Dahachok:
•
Sa t unga 1 Tsginabu (1)
H.achchtltlgaun
, , Bosan
Kirtipur . Chubhar
('lb. .. 86m.J order' Wll5 80nt ·:>n the StlrD:J C'· +..,d ~ Kotiql, Sunoguth, Bungma U,
Tudtkbel, Bodd , Kettka, KbokGns , ltochi, Harisiddbi, Tha i~, Lul~ Bnd
(}t h~r villa ges a15-.;1) .
, ~
(To Sa Continued).
77.
Blessings. All is 'Wttll hard Dnd w;" h.:'lp~ thtl same: thore. Tha news haN
is go:)u.
W,) s e nt -men t) a rrest the f ':lur militDry pc)rt8rs (pipn) wb') hed d~s",rt..,J
(tbu ams). Their n OSi::I5 wl#rG cut off. 'i'nt:!l'C ff\i.ly bd .:: tl1ur d ... sert.ors 't v':;.
Stmd ,partieulars of th~ir nanus fJll~ .lIddrt';5ses. If tb, ·y con b,,> cutJtur&d
thl.lre, do so, Dnd .'.It o ff thGir mS>l,a.
Cannon was dgspat.~t:ld fNIIl bON on the llth O<.:y o f ttk. month Jf ilswin
(apPI\)xo SlOIpt.:lmbar 27, 1805), s nd moy duly r aD ch thore. Kl:'-' iJ _ai.·:.ng with.
y . . . ll tn~ .ann.... n which y .:;u boo takun fr.. m ht::N.:, with;) ut 1';3ving it. l<\'r
making arrangumunts · f :;r Hule i:( r~~} rters, st:lnd tI".J";'ps vnt;:: or two.) cilljts bd:,r"
Y0ur dapartul'.:. QrdtJr tboJ1/l t.v illt'rtlss l Ub ... r ~n J ~ ra u<Jsis f 0r Scltting
up Hu~k outP.:lsts. If Hulak err~ng ....ro,.,nt.s C.:lr:. b<;; maotl in :,dVilDCU, th" m..JV".'-
Dlent of cannon .:':; nd l!llUIIllllitiun will no t btJ Ilvld UfJ anywooN.
Y'.)U hav·., writ 1;..;01 thl) t yt)U h<.Jvl:: m;;rchi:ld swiftly, t Dking vi th y : ·u C3 rm A.
and ammuniti:m. Y~· u hDv(l r 1..o;., writt-=-n. lI '.i't.:., c:.nn',m Lnt: t:mmun1 t1;.0 w..: r ...
dt:!l~lYC:,j f o r J dt'ys 1n S.::lytJll. On,. t-li<lc" of cannon, which hl: d oo..: n tak ... n
from hor ,~, was ! :jund o··nouoloo with i!:ry mille t ·s tr<lw. ~il: went ther .."
strongly ro prinv.lr.decl th i~ local villag~ h tH',dma tl, and ce vered 2 d/'Yf:! r J ist;.'dc,
in 1 .jllY ;.:long with tll€! c<'nn ~ 1l 2nd l4IUllWlitiun, .::It).! thus crus s,~J .. h,::, Bhuri
riv~r. It may bu hdtt;l-)r to giva a warnini'; to tht'l p":'-'l) l~ of S<.tlynn. u
Yell twVt:I thU5 m.::rch.::d S'Wiftl,y :!/lJ5ub:r;i t ti1d Cippruyriate r",ports. Ue shall
writu to y..)u ragarding th'J octiun t .:. b<.l t.:::k.:n agdnst th-: ijt;0fl1o of Saly~n,
vtn held u p tn,~ DIOverlltmt ;;if c al'4"l" n :.'no c..;ffilIiuni ti ,n f .... r 3 ili.Iys.
C;m'(;o •••
78.
You havu also m4nticnud that sulJiQrs, Huddos ~nd Ja~d~rs of th~
RaIUlbhim c")~any have nut recchdd th<lro, ..sod thot- gun~ ·wer .. uvsfJatch~d
through HulJlk porwrs in ·ounal.. s. l;'h.:.t s<Jrt of mtm h<ls Jahar riicruit&d 1
Inform. hiJri accordingly and s~nu II list- ~f th", nnmas and addro;oBS ....S of tn.,;
"defllUlters. lie shell arl't,st r.h(:n1 anJ send th<::n! to 1.axrni~ur. Racwit new
and c8psble men in thdir vacant Rust::: , ",nJ assign tlldm lands l:llci roots.
. . ..
Takl) geod CON of th<l cannon and ammunition, in thu sam') manner as '
Y.JU have donu sofElr, and fll<Jrch swiftly. Confirm th~ assigllllloJnts of l<nds
<in:! re"nts t o tmso wh.) join ynu boJfur·, you Cri)Sa th" Bh..1rl rlver~ RuBUms
the assignm~nts of . ttwS<l who j oin YJU after y~u cross tht:) Bht>ri r1 ver I :md
N(llace . th8m by o ther capable p~rsJns.
'To Kaji Nain 5irnha .Thap<l, sardar Indra 5imha Thaps, Sub~dar J~b8r ' ~bi-
It:ari, .and t ,hc:: JlIJtladars and Huddas of tbd Bardwani and RlIna.bbim {cumpan!l::ls).
'" .. ,', Pro~ed without sny interruption. Do not .L3av\:l your ot:nnon behind.
'no no.t at:>p short of your ·dostinRti(ms. Do not mukt.: sny hIllt on th<;> way.
In no oircumstancas shrJuld you l ,.:AVQ tho cannon behind. In .ssc Y()u In;.Jk·)
any wley, you shall bu cons1d,~rod guilty.
To the 1unal1s, Chaukl (dars) .o.nd Hulalc:i port:..:rs in the areas. sttuatad
west of Illllrmathal.i and east uf Garhw1.
On Aswin Bad1 11 (1862 Vikram<.l), W.:l 'have s<.mt cunnon snd ammuni-
tion from hore. PrOVl~ p~rtgragc s~rvic~s f or t~ir t ransport in your
l'Uspectiv.:: art/DS without making thl;- slighwst d(;l1lY. In cas..: these suppli .... s
aN held up in the arc;, under the jurisdiction of any porson, ha shall
undorgo punishmoot on his person and prop;:;rty.
_swin Bad1 11, 1862
(s.pt"""'r 1.80S)
Rcgmi Ruscarch CollO:;lcti0ns, V'Jl. 6, p. 475.
C...ntd •••
).9.
'x"thd Majhis, l11jbara and villag,;r s ;;f D.Jvighat, Tsrukaghat, Buch<l:.si rl_ -
ghnt, Kallyarighat', ' J.runj) 'Ia't., ?ipdL~h " t, u-ajuri ghO t P!iJ f'<I ri.lbi:l~ tw t. on
tD<,. Tr1.shuli r i vtir.
. . .
Providi:t . L Jharu w" rk.. r fur .. a eh 7 Ib Ul:i d l .j l ul:I Ci O :!.H:iu<.;d upon by
your6t1 lvdB E>Qd join Kaji ·l'¥ :lin SimhlJ 'l'ru.. ~ ll as su... n bS yo u.. r <)c ... l.V~ UllS
ordar. 'l'tlcI lCaji will giv~ yo u D\OlWy f .)r £... 1)0 . WG ho:lrt:!by t:!xempt you fr",m
Jha rll :iervic.::s othur than S.,l rviCi;B ... t. gnat.s (! <$ rry;x.int.s) <md f v r t hl.
supply o f black grain. In caS<.l y::. u ·I,l·... n.:> t. 6'j 'ttklr.' , y... u snail b" hul,j
lUilty and a Wilro ..t.J s.:;V'... I'::r pu :1.i..t;::J'Ilo~ !lt.
.... M ~ ullllluniui
eo.
Rates Of Trnn sit Duties .(\t
Chh'jprak, Gorkha
..
Rc 6m1 R~ s~arch (Priv£te) Ltd ,
l\atnmanj u: May 1, 1973", "
Year 5, N-.) ~ 5,
Edi te d By
11 11 11 11 1I 1U ""
Contents
Page
1. imn~xatbn Of Tb..: Sen King :ioms ••• 8l
2. Pc. Utical 8.. : un j aries or NeiJal • •• 86
3. Nt:I-"' .:ll1 Co ins wring 'Iba Mac..,iaevol
Peri\.l J • •• 9l
4. Sup~ lio s F~ r Mur~ti~ ns Fac tu ri~B • •• 98
Babursm Acharya.
The capita l of Cnauclandi was situated in tbe inner TarsL The area
surrounding the Udayllpur fort, situated south of the border between the
hill and Tarai regions, vs,:, inhabited by Magers, who were responsible f or
defending it. Majhk1rat, situatad 10 the hill r egion of Chaudandl, was
inhabited a lso by KhsS8S. Prithvl Narayan Shllh s ecretly sen t Sangye Bss-
nyllt to till s s reD and won QVGr the .Khsss e , .... ha \o,1';!I'U tire d ot th.; o ppre ssio n
to 'Which they WGri:! - subjected by K a ~D Sen. Among tht:l Kh<lSBS wGre Harinarui<:..
Upadhysy<i of KhSrps, and 'l'rilochan Upadhyaya, bot~ of wwm wru wealthy [.nd
influential. Both ~n were worried over thu possibility of their property
b~1ng plundere d in the event of a Gorkhal1 atta ck on Chaudaodi. Harina ocinn
UpadhY3Y:l tho ught tha t he could save his Birta lands snd hi s ~8lth i f h&
, hel ped the Gorkha 11s t o colVluar ChBudand1. Accordingly, he care ovor to
.. Nuwako t and 'pe r sonally requested Prithvi Narllyan Sha h tu attack Chaudand1.
He promised th at he would ass ist Prithvi Narayan Sht! h t o thu best of"his
cbp acity i f hEt inva de d Ch~udondi. Trilochlln Upadhyeyo too promiacd whnt-
11Vt::r supp:.rt ~ c oul d giVt) f or the inv£lsioil . Prithv1 Harayan Shah could
s ca rce ly afford t o l usl) this go lden opportunity.
Khambu youths , who wera skilled tirchors, sttlmro...--rl tho advance of tha
Gorkha li troo ps at evory step with thdr arrows . Ttk.--y infUct.ad heavy
l~ssu s a n th ~ Go rkhhlis, SO that Prithvi Harayan Sha h had to s end ruinio r c ~
m:)nts . Wlder the cO!lllllend of Sub."dar Shiva N I:!. ~ya n Khatri. Chatim. aBi of
Rawa-Khola and (,ta l Rn1 of Pamakhs·m ware .tho principDl loadors ot the .
Khsmbus. Howevor, th(: bows and arrows of the Khambus ult1matoly proved
1neftoctive before the mus ko t s of the Uorkhal1s. Within a period ot 5 months ,
tilC3 Go rkhslis occupied Raw-s, Halosi, Majbuwa, Kulum and Di.ngla, thus con-
quering th.e whole or" Hajh.lcirat. .
Contd •••
65 •
.. ,-.. ,;~; .~ The 'a 1ttiation ~. the Limbuwan region. of Vij<:!yapur was . ci1.tical at
.' 'that ~lme. ~ak1ng' advantage of the dis's ehSions between the King and his
Pl1n~stars, King PhlDlChek NstngyDl of Sikkim occupied Ilam snd· attacked
: LiD\buwan from the no,rth-west of !lam. The Limbus of ·these regions were
"therefore llllXio\l8 to welcoue the Gorkh-al1 troops. Realizing this, the
Gorkhflli troops cOlllllllnde<i by Ramlcrishnll Kunwar crossed the Arun ri.vcr
fro1ll Dingla and reached Chainpur. tlobc.dy b:ocka~ t-mir advsoc&. The writ
of the King. ond his minister was confine!:! to the nreas, surrounding thd
capital of ' Vijoyapur~ where King Kllrna Sell snd his miuister, BuddhikaraD.
were - staYing. It 'Was the rooDISQOn seslion. Both t~ King and his minister
' wel"'3 ;Ool!lplilcent, be.cause thl!Y thought tha!. ~he Oorkhali trOOPB would not
cross the : Koshi snd enter into Vijayapur during this season. However,
AbhlJD1lD Simha Bl:snyat achie ved t.his ~ssible task. Go!"khali troops,
riding on el.clphonts, crossed t he turbul<l!lt Kos~. j and laWlchad a surprise
' attack on 'Vi jayapur (Jul¥ i7, 1774). ' lJ:!.ablo to repu100 this a ttack, King
frams ' Sen and Minister Buddhikarna flad to Sikkim Dlong with t.h17:-ir troops .
~th the occupation of ,V!jayapur, the' ~'.mb\l Subbes (chidfs) of Ut,=, area
from _!alingwa , to Changtbapu in. the l,imcruwB,n 'l"Qg:i.an bordor1?€ Sikkim acce!>+....:.u:j
PrithJi Narayan Sh8h l s tiuzorainty~ fhus thu ~nt1re Pall okiret region, wi~~
th~. axcoption of Il.a~ , WDS Dnllf:fxcd \fi thout fight • .
. K~g Karna Son and his If,ini~wr sought a sylum in Sikkim. Abhimon S!.mr..:
Baenyat Bent a messag.J to "the King of Sikkim askUl~ hi.m to .. ac::: t~ Ibm !lC'.ri
extradi~ bo th Karne Sun an d Buddhik2rn~. On It c ~ iving this mcssngo, tha
King of Sikk:lm r..eded lLarr. to ~dpa l (S~pt....,rnbtlr 1774). But bt;lfo:!'d Ibm cO ll1":'
be actually handed :>v,;,r to Nepal, both Kerns &m and Buddhikarna sdpaNto-..H.I
escaped fr om thore and tY.laded f or CAlcutta . ~~le in t:lxi1e, they cvntinllt.:d
efforts to Nconquer thoJ KiI'et region.
. . " ,.
Pre.vioualy: . tha T1shta l'lvt:lr..i',?l'JI1iId ' tho fI~l!Itern bo"l:lllda ry o f 'Morang.
"W!llle ' l!'nnexing !lam, t:.he KL-lg ' of Sikkim had a lso occupiud tho "area SitU6 Wd
bt:rtlll:Jun "ttle' Kank.li 3nd Tishta ri vl;lrs. ' l-Jhen the King of Sikkim re fused t.l
restor& . this, , 'l~aral er-1n , Abhtman ,'51mha " Ba's nya'" s ought r!i. thvi Narllj'<ln Sh~'1 ' s
order to .' 9ccUPY · it ,til:!''iJug;1 invDs:;'on . Frith',1 tI£l l:ayan Shah at fi.rst· h.::a.d .B.:J{.l'.
l'6BE!rvations on this prop::lsal. He instruet.ad Abh1Il12.D S~mha Basnyat .to cru s.
the Kank,aiuif Sl1d:1m 18. intent on \r.-agbg a W3:o "3S31nst us insteed .of se~k:· ·
~g ' pea~ and make a decision yourse lf. 1I Tho' Kin; of Silri lm :sought ret;?'.)l1C\ .
1iatlon py handing over llam, Dnd tbhi;.gn S:;.m.'1a Be::!l.yat thon p ccupled th::.
Tarat ~gion of Mo:"clllg, si:i:.uated bG·t".lO~n. tha Ko p.m and KonkQi rhars, thw;
bringing an' end to too , Kira~ 'wa::-. Wlth ' th~ occup ...tlon o:'ChBU'illndl and
V1jeyapur "w1 t;h1u (I period ot 2 years : tp'J n.ltiro Kira t region became part
Qt Napal.. ' .
_ '!be 'poUiteal map- at every country changes along" with ~ts hiStory.
This ls so becauSe o t tho imparial1st tendency of nil igbboring· ·countries.
'Ibe StN.Ctu;'8 · of 8 oountn" :or a ~ute ' changes . frequently 6wing to JIlutue l
"conflicts. This "115 .true also of -the political boundaries o f Nepal • .
. :. , It ls knolCl to all that the present map of Nepa l em~rgGd' af ter the
.. ·.S ugaul1 Tl-cety of 1615. After tba't. event, Jung Babadur prepared the prcsant
". political map of Neps'h' by incorpor tl ting thL! lIN~y8 Mulul(u wrr1t o r1 ~ s. Bo-
. fore the Sugeul1 tre~ty " was signed an>j aft".:,r the unification o~ N ~~ al by
- lTithvi Narayan 'Sha h, we fin d Greater NoiJtJ 1, wM:cp was B\)proximately doub Ld
, in size ·to" that ot present Napal. Burora Prittlvi , N~ rayan Shah, Nepal was
divided into the &l1s1, Chaubisi anJ M.elle Kingdoms and the Jol."lkwanpur,
Chaudondl and Vijaynpur p rincipaliti~s.
Ever;y 1ndl:lpe:nJent nation has two typ,,:ia of DoUrldarlos . Thu first typo
of -boundary is ' rot restricted by political fbctors. ~ cu1t.urel bounlU. riu s
of Nepa l were oonooUdated anJ expanded in a we ll-org;,u uztd manner at'kr
its revolutionary- unification by Prithvi Nar~y~n Shbn.
" .
'1. Jagadtsh Chandra Rogml, Ltcbchhav1 Samskl1.ti (Llchchhavl Cultur,e")"
Kathm8llduI Ratne Pustak Bhandar, 2!Yi6 ' (l9(9), Cha p ~r ' II: IINepalku ·.
Rajllllaitik StIllS!! (Politica! Bounda ries o f Nepal), pp. 89-94: ' "
.. .
,
Contd •••
•
. .'
, ~p8l Befor o The Lichchhavi
. .
' !hs Kirat Kings ruw d owr Nepa l before the Lichchhavis came heru .
'!here is DO historica l basis ,to' dotermino thtl pa ri?d of reign o f these
rulors (approximctaly 600 or 700 years). No relisblu e vid~nce or insorip-
tion is f oune! to wri ~ the hiStory at this ~ rio d . Th<:it is why thu history
of th!i:l Kirl3 t ~ riod i s not cloar, aDd thv po liticl. l b .) un ckl rf~s of Nupa l
dUt:'ing this pe riod .::r ~ no t d.efinitd. We hav ... W ,liscuss Indian suurces, as
DlEIntlon'1~ .s bove, to know t he condi,tion o f Nepa l during : tt.: ' Kir~t t>eriod •
. At
the time when lfc j)sl wa s rula d by tha Kirats, India was rul<:d ~
the Janapads (ShodashmahajaDB psda ) , . th., Nandas ,and th<:t Mauryas.
Two o the r cont emporary Y:.Irks al8.:) n.fer to . Kir e t N~pal. '!bo St- lire
the . ~rthash 8s t.ra of KClutilya 8n :j ttt'J Mahabb.:lrotB.
,,'
-
2. Chapter 21, 16 , :Na1sbllrgika , p. 100;
39, 181 and 185 •
.3. ( Kurma vibbDg) Web;;r, Verz(li c h dor Hrs Ken Bibl1
p . 93.
L. D. C. Strcar, OeograplV of ~ncient Elnd .Modiuvul Ind:lp, p. 21. '
Cont..:1 •••
, 68.
..
s. E.J. Rapsoo, cambridge History Of India, Vol. I. S.B. Chaudhory,
Ethnic Settlements in iOclont~dia, ' p. · 155 .
Carito ••.
89.
Bijji WllS El big republic in .northern Blher during th~ 7th century
B.C. Its no rthern bord~rs adjoined thd s uuthurn bord~ rs of - mo~rn Ndpal. '
, Chat! "Rashtra
,.
furong ganarujy:~. situa"tttd in southern part 'u f mod~rn Nepai,
Chet1rsttha Rashtra) WSB ono • .Mcordlne to Vessantara Jataka
(Jatakll,' Vo vr;~ 'p!. thetarattha was situa ted at a distanc03 'o f 30
YOj£:nas from > t."ttir''''''g'ira 00 ·th~ way t o t.h~ .ltilMl!l yas. -"nother Cht3ti
Kingdom or wes s ituated in Bundol KhanJ. Th.:: Chl3tl Kingdom r l,:j -
terred to in Ja taka was sitUll"ttld in tilt; !(Iouthcro part of
D-=>di;lrn'
. '."
Nep'
.•
s f. J Charidra LanD . 9
Kosha"tll
., ..
' i.nd Shbky8 Ganarajyas '
,.' .. '
Cvntd •••
90.
*lOIIlIfllIt 1111"
-.. . . . ..... . ..
12. I1.S: Pandoy, Historien 1 Geography: and Topography of Bihar, ' p,~ ' i j
. .
13. S.B. Chaoohary, ·Ethnic . Setil~ments :1n Ancient Indla, p. 163.
. ..
14. Ibid.
-
Nepeli Coins Duri~g"
, 'I'hB ' iiedlaeval Per1odl.
By · .
, . ,- There is "evidence that coins of some type or o'the r have .bi;l~n \l,Sed in
Nepal from -ancient times. The coins of the Kushan Kings, who ruled in India
at the b~ginning of the ,'Christian era, .ore discoverEld here from, time to
ti.nit;a.,-;.The 'snofe"nt c'o~ns of Nepal NS03mblo , tne Kushan coins . Since too coins
of Yaudhd'y&,' ' an; 'a ncient republican trlb~, rest:mbk lohi"::! Kushan coins, his-
torians naVE: ss'i d that the coins used in snciiJnt Ut:1pal r .:: sumble t :use of
thE. Yaudheyas.
-,'·; ,:·!. Al,L "h~ a"vailabl03 'coin~ of snclEmt Ndp<l l are of · copper, Th~ words
IIHananka~I _, : - lIGUnUnk~lI,. 11 Va:1.shravana 11 J . uPaShupDtiH J . ~tc ,srg , im~crib.Jd on
'thulll. Th", coins ha ve th'3!'a.fol'ti· buun' narl1~d •. c.;;o rding ly. Th:;lS~ coins Bre-',·",
und.:.Wd, and it has not so' fal.'- been possiblb to ascertain- t.heir datus.
Historians bel1ew' that j.'iEIoanl.a coins were issued by the Lichchhavi ruler
Manade.vs ·. The · nypothasis tb8"t Gunanka ~oins ..i"'N issued by GunE:lkama~va
Seems dGubtful, hOHever,' becausa Gunak"ai1ladeva ruled from th~ end of th~
loth century to thE: beginning of the 11th: The Gunanka coins seem to h2V~'
been iSSued much Elarli~r. The r~ is no e:videru.;e . regardinf, th~ det- e of t h.::
Pashupati and Vabhravantl co i n s .
. ..
.klthough - tM c<::te of t:'ose coins has not bean ddtermin;d,'.:thtl names
of Kings ' are :lnscribad on the oth""r tl-io coins ·of. encio=mt Nepal and so' tht::h'
date has been' fixild. The narrlEls of Amshuva:nna l:Ind his sucqussor ... ~ J1shnugupt<J
hav", been inScribed ou thcesu c?·ins. This proves that thasa coins .belonged
to the 7th centur,y . '
'Contd •••
92.
Sadashlvadova, ,who ruled at the beginning of the 12t~ ' c~nturyt lntro-
ducad coins 1n which tho imag~ of lion was inscr1b~d. But this coin has
not yet been ;disco vured. It ~BS an ancient trodi tion in Nc:pal to inscribe
the imag;,; or the lion on coins . This ha s been oo n<:l on
w., ll as on the cOi .ns min~ d by ~:shuv <l nna. Sim ilariy. :'j.)·s t
King of l\.ethmandu ·tI !t.er thti division of t ha Kingdom o f" rl""pa l, cir c :.l l ;,t <!d
coppa r coins with the imagti of th~ lion at the ~ nd of · 16 ~ ce ntury. This
coin too has not bSt:ln discove red.
Contd •••
93.
The co ins of the Muslim r ulers of Bengal, who rule d from t he thlrte,mth
century, th at i s , from too t1100 wb.:.n Muslini powe r was W5hel';"d in I noia , to
,the sixte.,nth cent ury , a I'l.~ km'Wll to hava circulated in Nilpa l. Contt.-mpo!8ZY
documl.mts of Nep.::l r dfc'r to thc,se qo;ins as go l d coinS (Swa rna-Mulya) . Thf;::
t ro~ury of ,the Pashupatlnath te.mpk is beli8ved to b", in possession of
5t::lveral ' such coi ns~ ' Hari Gapa l Muk~rjee had pr ocured Borne of the,SB coins
for examina tion. His studi es revealed thllt those coins bu l onged t o the
contempor ary Muslim rul.erf: of Bunga L Hari Ciopll l Muki::rj oo st<.:t.::s thnt a
I t. rg'~ . numb"f. of sUch- i.ofhs Wt:!re' I n : the pos~~s5ion of tbe troasury of th.--
Pasbupatinath: tamp:W'> . : . . . _, .
.,
,.' .
. Pre - MDhGnd r a Ma lla coins bel ong'.:;d W," the ruler s of Benga l · and so wc; may
ClSS~·· t i'lat .11aheha r a l'ia l1a I s coins were ~(ilQ iLar to thefD. HowevtlT, t bi::; i s not.
t oo 'ca s!,) 'With the co i n s Of o?hiyps imha , a l'ncsimil.:t of which, hss' ·be ~ n glv~ n-'
bY, Hari ' Copa l ' MukE:'t je"e cor .dq&s not ~nt1on any Clate . M.pr tlover, thE; circle
Situct9d in' th,;; 'ce n·tar · o f thr.l · coin con:t.;-.in,s t hoJ world "Sri qrj..ll, with
"l!lloudl:la n~bad Dln 'Ur s Su iton,:.t.tiul · Muzaffar il on the margin. But on too . r ever se
s~d~ t h'; coin ·bfjar!i ' t~e lmag ~ ;of . Shiv<! .aa \'1.111 as of a lion (Simha) . TQken .
'-. tOg~tHer , :· t fid · lmo gas of Shlv8 and the "lion r !;!prtl SCint Shlva S1.tnha . Tht::i c8nt.:r
uf an · ancio:!nt coin of ' Na ~~ i" bear~ . t htl imago:: of the Sun ( /Wshu), loIhile its
" m~ rgin ~on't tl ins th;;,: wOz:ds of the . K.ing (Mahor ojadhire j esye) , Historians
h.. ~~ ,thertlf~ r,," ' pr.js~d th ct thi s coin was mint~d by' King tuush1.,lvarma. Laxmi-
nar u.Simhaj soil o f ' ShtVas i mnn ; ond th~ Kings of P!l Uln a l so minti;ld. cqins
bf;-al'in~ t h..: °i~~(.: of 't~,-:; lion . (Siniha), ins1-ead of inscribing n'simha u in
wo rds • . ' .' "
"
.- ,
.::on ·on.J .s id .. 'of 'LaxmUlorasiJ!lho ' 1:I "coin
is mentiored th~ nane of ~ Mus lim
rul~r, as in the ca se ' of thoso of his fath~ r, 11ft il... tha c thQr s i de boar s
:h~ uf1'1gy of .r:.aXIrii, . ' nnd 110n '(S~Ji!~) ,
. 'Nar a (man) ':
•
'lilt! co i ns of 'Pra:t a:p M311 6, s ~n o f Laxrn::'na r lls 1.mhn , monti ons t h03 ;U llhi
til"ll" on on.:. si~;-· :lnd ;th~ ' nm~ e f J.:.h c.n~:' r Sha h 10 th,_, ~r .::b ic scrip t -on .
tho o th&r (775 }~._' pDl e r a or 16.55 A.D . ) •. I t. is not claor ,why it- becolTkl MC -: :"-
sary f~ r ~h1 s coin , minte d ll t tb...l clas"" of t ha reign o~ _~h ll h Jahan, son .oi' .
Ja hangi-r/ to ' mention tht: U oM e r a st.<l rtDd by Akbar, or t oo nB.me o,f .J :ltwni.l. : .
The ' Metie r coif! of '· Nri pe:ndra Malla, s~ri of Pratep MD lla , ckotcd 795 ·Nepa l e r ;'
(1675 l_. D.·) D~SO contdos designs" resembling /.rabi c l ettur s . So dq t h-:t coins
of Parthtv.-!ndra }o1ulla . Bhupa iEmdra Ma 1109 I s M ins do not bear such desi gns .
Bu t the coins of Bhaska r Ma lla o r Mahindr asimha Mal l a, BhupDLnc..ira-'l'Ia l l.n's
h'~ir, lIga.1n imi.t ate the ' ilrabic prRct!C~' _ Ja ga jjllya "'-<l Ua do:tparted from this
Pdroc:tic~ ' .. <!f!YfJ .Pl"""kash M811i:l, on "th-.;: oth(; r hand, ' mint ud MohDr coins with i,.·~ b~,c
aSigns, , .
'.
' Several" P~ian and ' Btladgsl.Ul ap~ .. r to h8V~' a~pted the _practic9i
of rriinting - . ' conte1n1~ .H.rsbic lettt3rsQr ,dasigns .. To sum up, it ,.1
had in a wa tion",lit th. tre KU!g~ , of -d1yid0 !;1 '.N~pal - to mint. ·,
•
such coins.
Th,i account givciri ' 1n' th~ Vamsliavaiis with reger~ the arrangements
t;Q
made by l1Bhendra J.il.;lla for minting coins ind.:rpc-r. 'u:;tlY. is , war ": :-. ~ t.1.l 1" : n?;
in this context. According to this . account, l1al'lto.ndra Halle , had p1.eas':d tr.a
Emperor of Delhi. by pr.::santing him with a,wans, ~nd ha~s. 'Ibe J::mpe:ror grant ,·d
him a stamp to :mint coins; with which :·;.::hendra 11alla. minted coins , called
. in · 1564Ji. ~D. J.t thi;l ilna when Mshendra Y.alla intro- ,
;:~;J~~;~~r occupyi'ng the' thronu, of D'; lh1 ',138 iJebor, -wbo
had ~. th~ control of his -guardians [lr.,j bc:gan to rule
_ indo~ndcntLy. HIO. h<,Id . ' t . (lVun laid ttkl found£ltiol~ of thu v2St l1ug~l empiJ'li
that hE; subsoqUently.6stablisbl:ld througb a series of conquests .. In the li~b'
of this °fac't J ' :Lt doc~ not seem raasonabll:l -to <J;SBume that he turned .his att<-ll-
tion to ,'t Bi internlll, 'fi~cial: prol:ilems of NfJp.:il. . Howevor J the fact remajr.s
that th~ Q01ns of th~ ' rul&r~ of Bungal circula~=d~n Ne pal. This had s ome-
thing to do wtth-·th<il . gebgraphicCll proximg:f between Nepal and B~ngal.; Ntlpal 's
coins nOd ,not ~e.;:n , Circulatirig f-:..r , a long time,. and .only the coins. of ruletS
of Bengal; c1rc?-llat~d • . 1'bis naturaLly created the. impression thtlt ttw sole
authority to mint ima circulatE: coinS vested in the ruler:> of Bongsl. · .Th~
Delhi-based Muslim power ' which dominat~d the whol~ of India at that time
exerted trem.:;ndous influonce ·on th<:l minds of the · peopl£l. It was against
th1 c backgrouOd th~t Mah.::ndra Halls minted coins of his own. N.:.ithar thG '.
thr(;le statea compri,sing Kathmandu Valley nor any hill · regions of Nepal hod '
comc:r under the oontrol of ·Miolsllms. It was thereforu natural t o doubt whQt.blJ t
the. peoplu wO'\1ld not hesitate to aocept Mahencira N<l ll ~'s coins in th.;,ir
trahsll'Ctions. if theSE:i wero brought into c irculation all of a. Budden in 'Sr89S
who.re co$.ns of the, Muslims rul<=rs of . . ware already in circulat.ion. . .
For this . reason toiJ, s omeono JIlust hlJVC . sto):"y of Mahendra ~
Ma.llc! . havIng r 'cc;:ui va~ the; parmission of. 'the of IklJ:d for minting' hiS
ow.n cOins! hnd 'this may' b~ tQlI reason -or ' de,signs' conti~
nu<::d to h£1 .1nscri~d on t)ls- tOiruJ of !'DIlttor of fect, ' i:t ha ... · .
wcome a .~r:':'~tt.16n·'t9 dQ so" 'I:ha .0 01ns · , find LaJQn1noraaimhs '
, I. . '. " . . ' " • . .
. .
u,. , One c::,nWJIllOrary Nepali painting. depicta a King"' playing dice with cl . ',
.f'r.1ncess. · Th.e;Ki,~g is ': pras\W:l d ' to b..: M<:hendr.'l r.allD, · und · tha P r inci;;.5s· ' . I
thE; daUghter of a Muslim ruler of Benga l. Tb", leg~nd hes it that Mah~ndt'
halla had ;:.btained perm1:.sion from th,,, l'i w;;lin; .r.u.lor of fungal t.o ,·rnint.· · . ' I
c;)ins in his own nam becllustJ he h.3d groatly pWCls(;Id tho Princess, by . : O
thu legend was nothing bu t to cr6£'t;c a fa ls'd impreSSion among tM ~OP1~ .Ci~
It is ° vory hard to believe that Mahandr£l Mella, King of Kathmanciu, . ' ~
Shr) Uld have beon required to phaso II Princuss of BengOl by playing cli ..:..
C;intd •••
9$ .
eVljn c o nt.a~d tbtl n alll;:B uf contumpor a lY Muslim rulers of BPllgal. Not much
i n! v:-mation -cm .t ho:! c;OCact l',:-lati" nship tlXiBt1n8 bat..,,,, ... n t oo rulers of Bengal
~ nd tnd Kings of Nepnl is . avai l ablu e Th~ cci n8, buarlng thQ nQm8S of the
Mu_sl~ rulurs of B.::nga l, .r esQmb l ud dxisting coins Md so cQrrmc ndl3 d' the
Pi;IQplt: I S confidenco •
. ' ..
Can td ....
- . " .' , " - . _.
', and not' awn ~thE: Mughal"Em'pel'ors, . ha<;i '; ~!lv~ded Nepal .si~e 1206 A.D. 'l'his
, '
greatly encour~ged Hahendrs .' Hal~a to mint_ his own coins • . TheN was also
the history 'of Bvngal . before him~ ., The· Sultansof·. Dt.lhi had, from tiIw to
time, tried to invade and ' coD:j,uer &ngal. But Bengal remained indE:lpendent
from the ,time of }o'eroz Tughlak (1)5)-5~ i...D.) to 1.576 A.D., whtm it was
finally conquered by , ~bar. ~ such, it is l~gical to assu~ that Mahendra
Malla .should .have been 'encQursged to mint his 9wn coins with the assurance _
of
.
the rulers
., '
of ne1ghboring
-
Bchgal.
No'p's l's gro"ling .trade w1 th 1l,bet was another factor , which prompted
}-\..[Jhendra 1'I.811a - to mint silver coins. HI::I needad coins of his own t o facilitat.B
the exchango 'of guods betweon Nepal and Tibet. He theNfort. ,cuncluded a
treaty with Tibet, under which N"opalw;)ulq mint coinB for .Tibet ,"/ith silvor,
,ta' "OO supplied py thci lllttA::r. T~ silver made availablo by Tibet wtlsc.d<;qu std
for minting -cQins for Nep'B;t.:.' .!hesupply 0 f cvj.ns to Tibet proved very prof'i V
able to Nepal. This.arrangement alse. chock~ d the flight of both gold and .
silv~r from Tibet to. third countries. _Traders brought silver .f~m _T ibet and
handed it-over .t9,.the Mint of .thEi Nepal gova~nt, which ' utilized th\::! ~ .
. silver to ~1nt cdns ·f or Tibet •. Th!; .· gQV"l' fUlli' nt of Nepal ' made a profit of
12% from this business. Of this amount, L% was ch3rgcld by the mint, whil.!J
'the balance (8%) was derived as profit from tqe" alloy. Tho t otal annual
. revenue 'from this sO\rce 'amoUn~j to Rs l~,Oqo.OO. Tibetan tra de rs sold
galtl at Rs 8.00 to the mint. Tho same gold WlIS sol e i.Cl th <.' :n :rk<:llJ
at Rs hugu profits fr':' l!1 tra~.a? tions in
bullion. •
,
Kathmandu, and Patan wore under a unifi.eu rul~ from LL61 _·il.D.,.wh<.:n Rt.. ~
Malta ~5 King, . to l.64L i..D., in uhich yQE:.r Siddhinorasimha Mal'La', 'es tabliSlW ~
'" an": "independent st<!tto in Pa't-an. BhtlCig aun was unoor the grip . of K&tl'unondu.
From all thiS, it ap~ars that Kathmancu was the sob bandiciary 01' trawU
in t hEisa precious met.als. But , with too start ~l' internal strife in 1{"'P l, "
·b.: ~ h Peten anu BhadgmlIl aspired for a .s haro in th!:l wealth acc;ruing frum '"rJ.S
trade;; Jagat Prakash Malls, who became. 'King .)f _Bhvdgaun in 11) )2 I •• D. ao,, ~t<:~
a policy. of not remaining under the aominatbn of Kathmandu. Thi: saroc: yeil~'
he minted co ~ns independently,, - His coins res;;:mblt;;l "': those of ShivBa:imha cm J
Laxm1ru>r8siJ!Lha~ ' ,'lh1s . indicat.a~ that. he WC) t,"Snted to haw his coins circu-
lated in · Tibet. ,Siddhin~r8s1~a MEll-l1jI of P.stan t oo d~Cidoa not to 'cast hiS
-'lot any nnra with Kathmandu. Acco rdinr,ly, he minted his vwn cwins in 1641
A.D. (l761 Napal era). King.,Prato p }'/Illa ·~ r.Kat.hmaDdu minted his coins ctur..
. ing tha ,.saine year. ThuS all- the three sUItes of _ l~cpB"l Valley minted c{)in::i
s~p,ar.atdly and tried . to have th":-:Tl circulated -in ·Tibet • .hll the three strl Ws
. ,aptJCar to hAve achievgd suC'(.as ~ to sume . extent in this task. The
~ ·c6{hs" of Bhupatindra fi'.alla nnJ his 3:)n,
Raoojit ¥JB1l8, the last
l o t Bhaktapur, were defini"i:.ely in circulati(Jn in Ti~t, BhupDtinctra Jo'.allD's
Contd •••
ooins were oalled AIlg! fhgpa in Tibet. These Tibetans words meen 'Isixt ';
number". The coins wtlre so named beoause th(; l tlst munoNl of th.;: date
inscribe d on the coins minted by EhulAl'!;'in~ra MallD in 816' Ne,)81 ~ra ( 1666
A.D.) was 6 . Ranaj1t Malla IS coins werd nSmGd Nagstang (meaning blac'k c .:dns)
(walsh, p . 633). Thestl Cuins 'mus t havo beOQIJ)i:! black bu.cause of debas~ment.
·From tho artistic viewiJQint tc.\.l, the coins of divided Nepal are in n·)
wDy inftlrior to contem,XJrnry Indian ooins. 'lbe Qmblems inscribed \.In t hem
have th;:. ir own cha.ractt'.:ristics. Further study is neede.;:! in this ragad.
,
Ono or two Kings occ3~ic :lally minted dabDl'coins o r gold mol"tars. But
the praotice was not comlun. Suka , or other coins of thG dencminl.ltion of
frllctlop. ..:If a Mahar were, of cours.3, minted. ,,suka C': ,i03 were minted to
comrri~o~.~£t,; _ special o c c~sbns :lr in the neme of the" q\! ~ 1I .
,
Thj NepSl 'Samvat was ' us~d t.ri th~ coins of d lvl de~ Nepal~ ' Prithvi
Narayan Shah, hol-Tever, adopted the Shaka calendar.
11 10001111111101
98.
(C_~riti~U'Jd)
Saltgatiir _
, Work has been hampered her~ 1;lecauSE: of the lack of saltpeter. You
probably _think that y ou w11~ be abl e to eVDilil ' your re sponsibilities with.
the sUPP9rt of the Bharda rs. I f you continue t o d ischf.lrge your r espor;si-
hi.l 1ty of pr oc;uring ' slIl t ?e ter in -t hi s manne r, we sha ll flay Y:.J'l ali vc '.
S3 ltpete r i~ urgently requiri3d' hereo Sen..:! SUi; plibs quickly in l~ " t.he r
'b,a gs " so that rio Wflt.e r may tj et in'." Station :me o r 'two 'of yuur men both in
SinJhuli "aOnu, in Hi t aur a , 't:l whom 'supplies of salt"p~ter sent by you may be
"" " " " "
et! l i vereJ •
.. ' If _you continuG 't.) mak;.: lltJ lay, ve shall flay ' you aliv(!-. You must hQV'i:I
I:'ecaived new::; regardin g the lI'.EIn with whose 'sul}iJ'.)rt you haVe mad\:! such d.:L8!·
•
It'Gn
Contd •••
l o ca l minas . Sme lt th(;t iNn and purify it, ana sl::nu it to th", palact.l thro1..I! :1
Hulak jX) r'Wrs along with t roups be l ongi.;.lg to dHfo:!Ttl ot companios . Obtain .
recoi;l ts f a T s lJPp liu s delivered . Remissic.ns shall l ow r bo grantf:td aga inst
thuss r ocl:lipts whi l e scrutinizing thu accounts of your work. Do no t make
any <:IEl l ay in this work. but finish i t quickly. St1nd sUpj) l1 ~s of ircn on
nn urgont basis.
. Somoil tim-.l ago , on vrdor ha.:! boon s:::.nt t .} Jllyadrath directing him tc.
supp ly I!Kl ta l s; Hu'trovo r, ho.:; has not ::;ent any 5-') ·1'lJr. You a~< now directted t.<
3xP~~1te tilt! SUtlPly 'J f DSta ls, 'since the rnamifacturd of ' cann,...n bas been
hl.lmparod here . 'Make a rrangtimW'lts thE::refor o to supp ly muwl s QUi Ckly . St,n, j
sup[Jl1aa along with 3 r eliable per svn without m.:lki ng '! ,I'KHlkm t's da lay, s , thl:t
motals may' reac.h her o qui ckly . Wc have sent y.:.u this Ci Nl:lr , sinoo Jllytl;h ';J th
ha s not balln able, to senj su Pl-'l1t1S quickly • .l:.xpu J 1 to th.:o supp ly of metals .
Year $, No.' 6,
Edited By
Mahesh C. Regmi.
**'111111"
C ont(! r: t~
Page
By ,
.Bobure~ m Actlarya
. '
;
JI 11 11 10111
;'Ev-nn befor e t he' a nnexll tion of Chaudlln di -, P.rithvi Naray~n Shah haJ wM tt~1l
too {ioVdTnor-Oenl3r a l . Warren Hasting s ' rl:iquasting a Pet ta from th", Eas t.-. Indi a
COin(lllny, povotTuncmt. tmrl. ' s1;i pu l ll t1ng 14. pay' reyenue fa:, thE' Tarai "Wrritorids
''If · limba~.u r 'n od 'vi j eynr-ur. H~" a1.so WT·.)te 1n hi.:; l ot.'t-,r t bB t . he wo uld C:l[.'t. ur.
Budll~lk~ma, who hlld .mur dare(! his cousi n , Kiile KSmllda t t.8 3.!n. Prithvi N.. ray!'n
. Shllh a l so, s(;nt Srihrir sha Hish r a and BrihBspa ti Pand it as ' bis cnvoys t.J
c..>~(m'ttll ., H'Jwov or, 'Wa rren Has tin~s serit no' 'r ep ly to thi s reqoo st. ThoiJ e;nv.;yf:.
. t her .:-f o To r :: tUrnQd om[)ty-han ded .Fullowing the captur.e ~f. Vi jayepur by th ...
, Gorkho l1s , t be Br i ti sh offic er o f PUrrle:.8 di s trict,. Ducarel, maY, Mw writ.t",n
' to ,Gr~ vo irio r 4D::: ra l warren .Hss tinga tha t Hur ang bliibnea d to t oo Eas t I n,,:1;;,
, ~Onip.BnY.~ ObvioUsl y f o r t his ,r aBoon, Prfthv f :Nar oys n Shah rocu1ved a l i.l '.:.V:r
in' .ktigus~,' l 774~._ f rom Wa rren Hil stin gs wr1t'ttln on t~ 25th do),: -a f ,tc:;r t~
Cllpt urij o"f Vijaya.,ur by _thtr Q..)r kha lis . nlo) la t ter . ~sk<:!l.! hi m t :> withdr.. w h ... s
al'Dly f r om Vi jOYll't) ur a nu junb<J r tlUr it h", - wllnt~d t Q mAintai n f r iundslti p .. wi th
thJ br.;l1ef th£l t he co ul d D".aintc i n his c()ntrt' l ;')var ' ~IJ.(; 'f a r ai only 'by p l"lI~
ing '·ttitl ·"British; Prithvi lh r ayarl Shah Jusvatchl!ld hi:; un~YJ D~na th U~.;zhy/;lY:I,
to COI l cuttA imm.:.di lltely aft.;,r Nce tving .t htl lottor,;".:J.c,t;.~ths t:and1ng .tc.v r 'lir,,f
sell3') n •.
. ,The Ki~ 3' of ' illthmandu J Lall t pu'r Clnd. Bbl3ktll~. hAd ,oo.", n minti.Q g '~rurl;
• Silvtlr M6hai co i ns wai ghing 48 101 each f or t ht:ir"own usu . They ust:ri tb..:!
Now,J ri script ' )0 theso coi ns . Wh" n estab1,. shing tradtl" r o1a"4o.ns: .bo twotln
Kathmnndu <md , Tibe t, it wa s. cgre",'j tha t Kllt h)'ll;lOdu sh::;u l J .mint ,C(Jins l ;,r
'.: Tibet {sQtI u~u t be Tibe tan s crip t t tteNon; ' Th,js~ c:.Jins '- us~<:, tq ·_i;lEo ·' m.intQc!
llccor d ing ~ the woi gh t a n j a lloy of Nel'.:l li co ins . Pr it.hvi Narayo n Sh!.1h
too had s t arted minting N~pali CClins 'J f pUN s ilvElr ;;)f the S£lm~ wa1 '~ !lt 1.'1
174,9. Jaya Prakaah Ma llll bD~ mint a1 COi l..3 f ur 'ri~ t f r om v.uryo :1mpuru !lii )t -:I.
in f') r UGr t o r alS<') NOO(3)",-to fig ht tOO "';a r. H~ progr ess ive ly J!ilba,sad ·hi :s c _:"I.
SuCh CCins !"::',d boen 1n -wide circUl.!ltic.m in N,,:pal '£1" , wel'l .a s, lon ·Ti bet, sbc
. . - • " . .' . ' .
'dobe s nm(;nt- 1s not ap'parent in nowly--minted c'oi iis . p'r i thvi '''Usl'ayan Sheh 1 s
; -. .' , _ :c
;:--;--~-----..-"":":""':.. ,.
XSaburllln. hc~~a·. : 'Concise . Acco unt of ' N':~i-'l.l \ .
-Kllthmandu : " 11. 2.022.' (, 1966 )~ Cha'pt ll :- D._
IIPri t~vi No r oyan n (Las t day s of i r ithv _
IJaray a n SM h on:.! ??
C..:>n t.d ••• .
•
L02,
j oO Ucy WllS to circuL8tc ·purd. . ·co i :1S with's"'view to \Jr.:>IOO t1ng~ro!l ith in COfIl-
m~rcO. Imm&d 1at.31y aft, r ann~xini! the MD.lla Kingdoms, ha sta rwd c-:. llt:' ct.in~
311 suc h debased coins in c irculation by paying f or ;,ura silver ca nton\. :
nnd pu t pUN silver coins -1n.. cirCl,llation. He inwnd(;):j to wl thdraw the do-
b ased cuins from Tibet"'to Q and r ep laclJ them by puro coins. Th!:: Tibctwls,
Dowavor, rtlfus!;:Iu t ,:) do s o , as thoy saw that this would bti harmful t.... th'Jm .
This Nsultac.! in thu virtual cossetwn vi tro Ub bo twee n NetJ£ll nnu Tibl.lt..
..
Tt·, pr ':blcm " f coins , 1lB1 already raise d its hoa d during tho Kirat \/Fr.
Prlthvl Na r a)'l'n: Shah had rut bea n ablo t,n- pay attentio n "to it, as he , WI.!S
-:,usy: with thu war. Irrmoolotaly aftar receiving nells o f the captur<.: o f
:Vijay:l ~ urJ he concentrated his attention to rri;::k1.ng pure 'ftbetan coins . 7 ',1'
the flU FPOl3 D of oo l di ng c;... nsultnt1f~r: s on this 1ssuo, he sent a trade dale !.<l ·.i~
le c by Lot Giri, t o . Tibet · in Oct-::.bc r, 1774 with o ·1;.·tt\t;' t -:> th~ ]).'1 11:11 L.:llr.i' ,
,
.
' . ,
.
Prithvi lJarayani ShSh":hild pLanpll(J to go ' to Nuwakot llnd ·OC CU (.y ·th.t;! Ch~u~
bis i Stutes when Dinanath' Upadhyaya was away in Ca l cutta on a mission ~ i
r.,:)~3 1n cc..ntr:J1 over th.e. Tarai DrosS uf Ambarpur anJ Vi j.!:ly ar~i a nd U1 'J.i.!'i
'Hil S awClY in Tibt:t f or the Ilurposil o f solving tha p rcbWm of th..:l dubm;"j
c:lins. Only Cl few trustod m1ni ;; t urs liku Pancks an j IWsnyuts .usod tv kn .;'1
~rithvi NllraYlln Shah '5 p l ans . It WD S parhaVs bl,icauSd ha knew that h\! "':'5
nt.:Aring his last duys tha t fri thvi lla r .:l.ya n Shil h summ...;n~ d hi,s b~th o rs ,
c u urtiers l)ll": u fi"ici t! l s in NUWDb t .:lnJ Jc 1.iv~~i.l a t J uching l ... cturc in
llact;mbor, .. 1774. This w ctur tJ i s kttJ 't.n nc..w as n 01.vin~ h:::ossa b~.II.. Tho at~ ss ... ,..:"
gi ven b y Prithvi ' UaraYun Shah. is Showing thr.: path o f ? r ogr i,: ss to N(;:pbi m '
' t hu NqVli 1.is b V03n to day . Thu I3ntiI"::: Nep<! li t'Oop1E1 t h.:.r. 1'.;:lt gril,lved wM n
l'rithvi Naruyan Shah.· diod o f f(Jvt..lr in th.;! merning Ci f J nnua ry 10, 1775 Li t ,
. o..,vi ~h.at ne ar Nuwtlkot •
• ,
Fc ll.:lving th.J ool"tth ":I f Prithvi Narayan Shah his elde st S()f\, Crown l'ri.l1t:u
Pratap Sirrha Sh.oh, w ~s ~ r,) c l aim;ld King o f ' Nf'F31 in a ccor danco with. the, r ul ,:
ut. succ.aaaion. .... .
The views o f two Enelish. gcntle1f.en, wl,lo viait~j ~l)3(" wit.hin '27 yoar s
a fter Pri th.v1 .Haroyen Shah I S ~a thJ abou t his . pe r ,;;onc:: lit.y may be . given b.irt",
ClJl onu l K1rkpatrick WTitos: l1'hlorp arc:- some a ppar ent contradictions in ~ i :~
'. chor octer -which. our im ~ rf(jct knowledge of h1s history ·:lo as not
enab1~· us
. to clc..nr up: thus, notwtthstan·j ing tht:: cruelty he mI.l:l.ifes t od in hi s tresi,,-
m:tnt of tho inhab1tants of Kirthipoor, .in h.is unger,(f!"'JUS r1gour towar (is
th o Patu s 0voruign, and on samo other occasions J h(j is 8011 to h~ve dis-
~ r o ced ·::.ne ·o t his principlll adher,;nts f or wounding on e of "ttic ~nemy whlloJ
in the act o f flo.~iri€ : 'f rom the fi u 1d of bottle. t1 "
,
Cunw •••
LO,.
Dr Hall'llltun writes: "His (Narebhuplll Shshls) eldest :;Ion was II man of
insatiable ~bltl G1n, sound judgment, great courago, .and unceasing act.1vity.
Kind nod liberal, Qspecially in tJromises to his friends ' and dependants I
hi) was regardless of f a ith to str~ngers, end of hwnanity to his enallliosj
that is, to B 11 who oppo sed his views. It
1'00 r eruus hi s'k; ri Bn Sy lvain Li.l vl, who visited K(; ti'lm:l.ndu 125 yoars
nf1,.,:"r the JO :lth of Prithvi U~raYan Shah, writes : Ilrrithvi Narayan Shah wc.f'
cc..., ~ b lo ~l f rni:l\dng tM' most of any situation. He wa s 8 loon o f , 1.1mitlo6iB tl:'.'. 1-
tl(,m ond indc fatig ebla ac tt vi ty. He was bf ' keo.m inta lluot. Ho made quici,
d~ cislons and did his duty s~lfl~ssly. He was ve~ liberal in rewarding
servicas. lb was ruthless 10 suppressiIlG his o~pon\.ints.u.
. . .
Dr n;R. Regrni says, .UPrit.hV1noraY8·n Shah was 'a nat1c.:nelist -to the c...ro
o f · Ii1e. h•.:art. With him co nqu~st wtlS tho aim ' of l1fll, pa trio tism wa's thtl
?uid ing· f ac tor f o r 'a ny a'ctit; n~ Ha c ..l rnbin~d in him all .rollfls ,)f a patr iot
~n d e valiant soldier ~ n;.l vn o rgtl nisEJr and ~ g~nor 3 1. Tha t la why" s 's bo'
acqUired territvrics o f enur mo us uxtant. he atrw to it thnt tht3se wart: "W£::ll
c o.n so.~i de tEld Wli:h:-r 11 centr.!l l1zed rub, £md that th," : !.r-i(J1..i ~ iX1oplo brcugr. t.
L'lto
. th.., orbIt,
. enjoyGd sQcurl ty without a ny fQoli~ of be ing subjugatod ,lI
. ' . ' . ,
. .
F:>:roign 'wr1t<J ra who visitad Nep al at ·diffsNnt tines, BS wu ll as .Np fA:l l1
ac !:o lars, ha"O"e th\LS unaniD"Ously Vr.:l ised the patriotism and illustrious IJo:!" r-
s'o nality o f Prithvi Usrayan 9Mh. This l?roiso · is by no f!E:anB exaggera ttH,!.
By
. .
The first "of the ~oins of Pratap Malls, :which have been discoVfJrdd
,is'd,nted 761 Nepal ere (1641 l•• D.·)~ - ,u.'the temple of Pnsnup atinath at
-Makhant.ol, tha:t"a is a stone-inscription of Laxniinarasimh6 I1£l Ua, dato..:d
ABhadh 761 NepDl ~ra (1641 A.D.). This ins cription, which is . in the Nepa l
lBngullgl3, de scribes La xminnr llSimha ;1;3l.1D as ' HahD rtljarih ir~ja . 'Ihe assumpt.iOll
-i:s- that Pratap £-1:;I11a' had imprisoned his fath.. r and ascendad th.<: throne long
OOfON hi~ death and min't4d coins in his 'own nemo •
•
•
hccording to VamshavDlis, Laxminarasimha Y~llD was Cl lunatic and so
Fretap !>'Jalla imprison" d him llnd " llsc.:,cdad thl:;: thron~ himSd!. Th i s acco'J.r.t
ereates the impression that Pretap Malla IS action was justific1. ThoX"!', is
no rnsans to verify whether or not Prtltap Ma 110 had concocted tho story c f
-'h1.s £athqr _ls iWl8CY in ,;: n- attempt to justify hi:..; a ction. Hence, it is no'[.
poseib1e to- s<!y '-'l nything mort> in this . regard,
,
10. order to prove his lIccession to th(~ thronJ, it had b.;;comc lTOrt::
necossary f or PrstE.p Malla to link his nllIllO to Goddess Tul:lja thEm to mint
his own ;:o i n5 . i.cco rdingly, in JRstha 762 Nepal ""ra (1642 A.D.), PratDp
Malla instlll1£,d tna banner of a lion (Simhadb.wsja ) with an inscription
containing a genp.aiogical account of his dynasty at thl:! temple o f 'I'ul[t ~':::,
which had been constructed by P~hendra Malls, his forefather. (SRnskrit
Sruldesh, Vol. 1, Ilo. 2) . hccording to VDmshavalis, Laxmina r as i Ir~h~ }:.' Lv
had no t been abla to pa ss Goddoss Tu1aja 1 s ~ s o-w r1c hymns on to Pratap
l"ia lla because o f his dC:D.th in j!.l :"1 , .:lnd, as .3 Nsult, t!lcse hymns wero
fo rgotten.
PrCltop }itllla was a far-sighted man. Ht;; did no t l1k,) th0 division of
Kathlllllndu Valley, For this reason, ht3 did not appreciatu the establishm(;.1'j
ot the indep':m~nt stath e t Patan. He also did not want thld "ind::pendt:nt
... ..ate of Bhadgaun to exist. Howavar, he did no t succut:ld in I1is effo'rts t..-
bring bo th Bhadgoun .and Patan ·tulder his control, bQcauslJ ho lackod =m
Contd •••
105.
') ri!:f'n iz~d force Mid, mvroover, bt::lCOUS6 ~at,1n was ruled by a cap2blu Kin....;
such as Siddtdnar3simha MalLs. ~ small group was bcnuf1tting from the ~xls
tence of ..throe separaw Kingdoms 'in the vall.:::y. 'Ibis group was natur ally
determlnt:d t o defend its privileg\:t at all -costs. The p~p~e o f tht! Vall.::y
at that 'time were too ignornnt tI.l r ea lize th" harmful cons8quenc~s of divi-
sion • ..
. Ji.ccording to one account, Pretap MaU.a iilvaded Patan l ong befor"" hL:
aec .. ndad tht,; throne. aftar impris oning his fath«r . Tb", in.v8 Sic.il t J .... k pl.:..c..;
t~ v;}.ry ~lIY King Sidd.hin3X'3Simhll Molla of Patf!n install,..;d t~ imag~ af <l
d"'lty at the kmpl.:: oCKrlShna, built by him 1n Falgun 757 (1.637.-. D.).
"This ls c:..rro bo rc~d by B stond inscription inste1l6d by Siddhi,narllsint,a
£1t:lllu in ths s ame temple • .io.ccvrding to -this inScr~ptio nJ the emmy hllO
attllcked Patan ~xllctly lit the . time 0l. ctilabrations f or t.oo construction,
of t hu tompl~ , and ~ccupicd forts, bu~ £iddhinarasimha Malta had lllter
drivun out th~ attackers. and . liberated the fortG ·.'Ihe 'inscription d')eb n·n.
mention Pratap ijall.a,'.but. too ~narny referred to in i t ...res nobody ,,1&.; ,
In iiis ston\} inscription (HaDUlTlan-Dhoka Palac .. ) of 769 Nepal era (161J9 J.•• L.; ,
Prlltap Ma11a f!lso h.AS Nforred to this at'tack on Pota!"'- l.:nd hi s ' o cc upll ti,:..n
of Siddhinarllsimha Malla's f orts. Tho battle Citbd in b..::.th stone inscriptions
took pl.:Jcl.I b<. tMIile n 1637 A.D. and 1649 ,[l iD.
In the - VF.lley, . th.. Bagmati rivor formod thi:1 boundary 'btjtW6on Kathmcll1Ju
and Patap. It does,. not .soom prubdbl", howovvr, that thus;; two Kingdoms-
fo'ught each othe r on thl) banks of the Bllgmati river. It is, inoo..,d " diffi-
'cult to bul1€ve. that a battle had t aken pellCX-' across tl'lu Bagmati 6)Ulctly
at tho timo of the inauguration of a temple whicl'l was notoJd f or its bec.;J.t:-,
and wh£ln p60plo from v f!rious parts of mrthern India had. probably congrr.-
gn tud therl2! . 'The Oobovo -mentioned stone inscription ,of Pratap Halls . gi v<.! ..,
reClson to SUppOS8 'UlDt tha battio took place ",n a northdrn hilL ' It r\:der:.
to Ku~i, in Tiqut. Accurding to tM account (i f rontuMpJrcry Eur::.poon trti-
Ye llers, the Newar Kings of Kat.l'un.:lndu c0ntro lle d tW) POSS0S caUed Kuti
and Kerung, throug h -which ptIOpl", onte red Tibe t . Desideri, woo trlilvellu 6
ti.l Tibet viA NGpul bet.ween 16 16 an(.. ::.621 1\.D. writes, "Until Ncentls,
th'.:l Kuti area , along with its fort, ·,,::.lS Wlo""r tile control of ths King ai.'
Kathm.:lndu. NJ W" i t is under th,j control ... f lilaSll." (Dc:sideri, p. 130). i,b... ut
Kerune:, htl says, IIIf una travels soutl'lwtlrd throug h Korung, ono '-a;rr1v...:s l.?
Pawn , the scc"nJ of bigg..;.9t Kingo.i:)I'Q of N.:.:pal." (DF.<sideri, p. •. llB). This V.I... Lf
l.>2~r.J S on» t.o ~ssum..:; thot thd, Kuti · onu K~rung r vutes waro co ntrolll:ld .b.r 1',,- ~ .. (.
. and Ka:t~L!ndu . Nspectivdly. Th..::ir 'contr-:;l of tho;.sa routes must hav~ l~s t , 'j
until 15 or 20 years bi;lf;;.N tbl:! battlll. There W0N ' recurring dispu'Ws .) V', _::
tho' -?OBsession of - passos c r othar·llreas situ<:tcd -;.n th.. borders 01 T;\,bti'iO ,-
Kuti ,bad probably ,bean in the pOs s~ssion of Tibet fo r sc;rr.<.l t ime) during tb::.
ru~o of Pratap Nallp. -It is pI"'Jbllbla ' thDt at that timoi.1, hd might haw ic-.:i,.:c-
gn wd a dispute ovor some of these 8N8S . 'Ille contra 1 of Kuti was l at(:r
t.::OUQsforrod·t,rJ KattunBndu in t~e \>/tlk0 ~f on.;! of theso jisputes~ This i5
apparent also from tha account eiven in VlImshDvlllis, which st.at ~s taat
107 -:.... '
'vtIil" tile w~r batweGn Bhadg~un on tll,; nnn Il.:;nd ond Kathmani.Ju anli Pau,;.
un th<J " t,her was in progr.:ras, fath",r Grut ~ ber, 8 EUrOpalln t.raveller, rCBch-:,] -'
K8thm~ndu on his ~ay bflck to Romo from China., He h~s writton an account yf
'th.is war. From his account., it appears that the- Joint annies ' ,J,I Pratllp ~:"1l3
llnd Sriniv!lsa Malla ..,..J:re cvtnmBnJed by tho latter. Fatoor GruElbor saw th~st:
jdint Drmios standing on th~ banks of the Bagmati rivar. With lobe halp ,) f
t ho:.: telGScopc given by Grueber, Pr.ataD Malla looktld at tho disposition ,) f
Jagat Prakash Mallll's troQPs. Pretap H.1U8 thom PNP08Sd an iIllllltldi8U: attook.
In appreci~ti o n ;;f thGSC servicas ronderdd by FathOr Gruber, PratDp M<::l:'n
sou~t t o !,.r ovido tlim ' with accommodation <lno P=lrmit him ":.0 _st3y in N":,,s] .
But Father Gruaoo r hnd '1:..0 l<3BVa Kathmandu in a fv'" dnys as hu h.'ld b Q(.n
r uc:.ll£j 1 from ROClIj . But D'ccording tc t h.:.. ",ccouot giv;tln ,.in VamshBvalis, t..iis !!
- war s'tJrted when Pra"':'ip MBlle att.cmpkd to impose an economic blockade on
PlH.•"!n , a1d BhBdgaun b;, ~tilocking 811 routes. 2dnivEisa Malla 2nd .,Tsgat Prnkl,:..h
~t;111.!_ react.:ld to t~s move by cntdI'ing into an alllonc~ and laun~hing a n
attack on Kathmandu (Shrawan 778 Nepal ara,' 1658 A.D.). The rout:c t.::J BhaJ-
gaun was rE.."Opcned follo,,!,uig this attEck. S~ t1mu ' lawr, Pratap Malle ' W.):l
Srinivasa }olalLa ove r to his _ ~id~ ~d N upenud" the rou-w leading to Plltt~n.
Thl.S -recuncilintion b~twet:ln Kothlnandu Md Pat.an naturally mu<!nt the. 15::>la-
tion of Bha Jgaun" llio indf:lp~nJ<:nt. Qxiswnco of KathmElndu italtlf would hklv ..
w(oIn at sh .:;~, haJ 'Pratap !-la.J.;la not succt*lu,a din winning the support ' of
Srini vasa t-la llo:.
Following tll1s allianc~, thG jvint army of Kathm;.!nJu 3nu Patan n t:"",ck~~ J
l!clG. Jagat Prakash }of-"1.la retlllis1;i.:ci by attacking a villago at Changu anu
so:::tt1ng it on f1r~ (Pa;,;gh 780 Neb>al era, 1660 A.D.). Eight pe,rsons W0 re
Idllo.d, _and 21 COlP<: '.. -...:.: -t4l:ing,thts battlo • ..i fow months lBt",r, th.::: joint.
army of Ppatap }owlls and ,;r:ini vn sa Malla ,occupic:d Bandagram and then Chyrp.l.ri
Jagat PX"<3kasb l'..::; lLn, finding himself helpless in the fac£; of the stdndy a..;;_
v<.o no'::l of th,.' jo int forc es- of Ke thmsndu and Pawn, finally aj'nitt.ed deft,lat
and pr;';5<)ntod ~n(.."Y and ulcpt,ants as tribute to Pratap Hallo. • .4 dabal cuin
of Fr5t~p Nalla, minted ·in 781 NIJpal era, l.66l'.k.D.), that i.s, cft.er his
victcry in this war ha s been discoY0rad. In th1s coin, Frawp Ha11.ll has Jl.S-
crib.3d himself as "King of Kings.I!' (Rnjsrsjendra),
Th~ abovv-m:;:nt.ionvd wers wcr'':_'roU t wars in t il0 true ' s~ns e ~ :!' the tOI"l'1;
but ware just l:,' j:\ordinnry qUtlrruls. Nobody can bl:! d:scr1bc:od ElS victJri",u'l
or conqueror rooi~~ on :lccount of his having ,triumphed in such minor ,qu.'l rNls. :
Pratap'Malln is no t. ranotm.::d ,in hiStory $S a conqueror or ,warrior. H;:, 1s i'1'Im.::> ll i
for sonitltb.1ng 1', 189', He 1s femous 'ferr hia lOVd of l1~ratUraJ construction of i
buildings, etc'.
•
" • . . Cantd ••• '
lO9.
" ,
Pratap MallA's re~gioUB tolerence was commendable. Of eo~se, ~11-
tiious tolarenc& nas been a epecinl trait of every King of Nepal. But too
form. -which ·thiB virtu& -toolc duriJlg the reign o"t Pratap Mala is . at inter-
oorrinunol ~ortance. Ho "vel'tlOlred thtl Jesuits" liner even ofterad 1Me1ll P8nnl! -
nent accomrnodlltion In" Kattwcmd\l'. Syamarpa Lema of 'ribot obtained pGnniS510n
from him to construct tQe s~e of Swayambh'u one yaar ~fore Pratl.lp M.:J.l.i..~
bece~ King. -SChOlars- from different parts of India. found she lter in hi3
pelace. LillnUokarna -Bhatta of South India wes hb preceptor. VD.mSMmDni
Upfi dhyaya and other scholfors. of HithilB .:1150 obtained allelter from Pra t <l?
HA ll."} . There is tm intarestJ,ng story about Pratap Malla's Nspec t for
Buddhism. In Shr.:Jwon 769 Nepal era (Ju ly 1.649 lL.D.), Pratap Malls, 80001:1-
. paniad by his ~uaon LRl£lInati, v151tt1ct tht3 "ancient Vihsra at Thamel to
-pt>ruse the Sh~ tAsnhastrlka Pragnyapa"raidta wr1 twn in Marga 34U (Novemb{jr
1224 Jj . D.) by - sri JiMs hrignyan, c residcmt of Nagadesha, situated b., tw.3.:n
'I'h1mi and ,Bodo . Highly -impresse d by this work, {,fleW} Lalamati prolJ'C)tly
COrapo5~d 50I'l10-:1 v~ses expressing ber odJld.rsUon tor it. On U s tdning \00
thbsu vt,;r SI:JB , Prctap .&lla too composad so~ v~ rseB eulogiziDi this gn:OT.
work. 'l'he doot.rlU:!nts. containing thtlsU vd·sus can ,:It.ill be: S.Jdn a long with
that ·boOk . On ·tha occasion of tho IndraJatra f~Btlv81, girls ~pr~sentinb
th.. Virgin Godd.:tss . visit tha Vihhra of 'J.noJlb1 in ttl~ COUl'S" of
- the ir drivu ' chariot and tbesu wrses ara Ncited ln
thuir prl:lsunoa Vol~ 1, ·No. 5) .
G.mtd •••
111.
Ji. MQh ar coin ~£Ir1ng his nDmU, datdd 789 Nt:p&l iJr'" (1669 A.D.) has boon
dlsa~ v~rCd. Cbnkravotindra Hslla is _s ~ ici to hnv~ d1~d
aftur h~ hard4y p6 5~ e d
on... uf his rule. Sinel; thu s .. md inscrip"ion gives thu tit1R of kB.h:::r<: j-
to Bhup.;.ndra HaLla, this leads o nd to D BS UI'III: ho was regarood 88
-~on'<t of ~M otbt:!r sons of Priltap ~~ i.lll naB ooi::n g iVen .lIny
8puc181 titb • .
The l'C is 0.0 <bubt .that. Pretoilp Mulln Wi: S n .c:lpab u. £lnd l;;{lrned ru.u:.r
of Ka thn\andu. His wol;'ks contllin mllny -c: goh,tic. tnd orotic expruaSions I'.OU
~ r [o full of simil.:.·s. Th!:> w8s,however,a f otlturCl .of -chOl co ntemporary S[ n.:>k rit
pootry, which was on th (~ dd cl1ne . If wu ar ~ to intvrprot t~ " Sunil<::B us ~
by him, W'' : mny hllve to arriv(: at the groundwss conclusion that h... tud
3, 000 q uc~ ns, .:la tht: Vtlmshev.!!l1s say. During the; reign of P.atap Ma lll' ,
thl) sto ry of th ~ v~ st har ..::ms of thu Mughal ",mparo·r s of Indin bea N o.ch"d
Nopa l. I t -, ~ p . )nrs that afv.:r r Ollding this story, tbv gul.libli:·! a uthor.!> of
commhtQ.d the mistakc:. of a ttempting to link t~ gl ory of N"" .)T,_
a t tho Mug bDl emporors. ·n~l""'; ia a ct.wHy -no s hred of
truth in this story. Prawp 11:I111l w':::'s int;lr<..: stGd only in I t:lJrning Dnd t1 :\ .~
a broad outlook. This is appllrent a l so f r .lln t h:. she lkr giv&n by him. W
sc ho l;u' s' from diff1i.l nmt. parts of India in bis po l/:lc ... . Hd WII!J a Lso int;;.:r. ·~ !. , d
in Ta nt.r1sm~ His matrimonial r <:ll.Oti () oship Wittl Coo ch B1h.:J r was probeb.l.y
t.htr indirect l'\Isul.t. of hi s l oVu for t.h...; XBntric cult, for this cult. h.... r.
b,.; oam.:: Vt;try popul ar i n thut KingQ.}m o.lt that t1mu t · A lurgt number of t l,:j:nt) l.,..~
0 1' ditt~r ';n t do iti'Js Br(i still Bean in Kattun;;ndu. 'j :hd ckIily l\.: ligll.· l!S fun c -
tioos, cb noes and festivals a t. tho sv t..u.p.lL:s providr:io s pir1t Wl .1. S&ti s i a o-
t io n as w.: .... l as ontertoinm~nt. to thu CQlIIOOn Ptlo plo lit t hi:lt tim.;- , l b d r .... L-
gi ous life ot thIJ poopld was ~rked by l' sp1ri t o f tol'..:or., nc0 : Nubod;,; h.:lr_
bored religio us intc.ldr ltDCd . · . '
Uthough i r. is not po ss1bl,~ to ;::s crib<l Dtty sp0 c ific major ach1...:vc.m ~.).
1:.:> Pt:'atbp Mails, and althJugh h..: o(J'~s. not a pp(:;;:!r to hav.. i nitiatod an:,' Ij .., .' _
tioular £lotion atn.d lit changing the coursg of hi'star-iJ 'his ruW do.:s S''';,·!..
to ha 11 pago in tht) hiatory of .!IOc1ont NCPlll. Hv WlIS def1nituly too gr·: " ~ ... :..;..
=>f thG Kine s u f th~ tbr ..:& ~1ngdoms ef Ne pal.
112.
. . . .
- . No.Llo! thd: regulations lslrucd in':ttle nBme of this oUietl is ,68
'follovs:-
•
Lami a gr?ntod to Bny person as Guthi and
'Mofi l tAx-frot;;) in Jajark:ot by th~ RajCl
of Jajarkot or by any Bbard ~ r, insp ~ ctor
(Jancnaki) or eo ll~ ctor (Ta h<.osildcr) J o thur
thcn "lands being us v d tUldur roy n l: o!"dO r o r
otht :r ·'8UtbO.ritY whic h h :J d bf:ri:l n sancti.:mod
previously, 511a 11 b..> rr.c8sured and survoyed
by th-J survey tellm in the prt:lsence of local
functionaries (Than, Thani, Muktdya and " .
. Jimmsv81), own~rs of 'adjoining l ands., tho
'·p:.l r s ona who haw b8un utilizing (such.. Guthi
' " ne Ha t). lands) 80 ,f r.r ·and tho;, ton.9nts •. A
stato'~nt signod by' tMm 8tl.311 be prepared
indioating t~1 3r.:tn. of the lands (use d 8 5
Guthi Bnd Mati), too rolls0n f or too gront
snd conditions th ~r~ o fJ the nmount paid
every y oar and th<:: YOll r fro m ·... hich s uc h
paytrrlnts WAr e m!l da. 'll1G l ands shall b.e s ~
qucst.Jred, r 3COInllrndat ions made according ·
to thu 1, f, lInct a Nport sha ll bu ~bmit.tet! .
( t .) t h...· gc.vcrnmGnt) through th oJ Sa dDr Dafdar- ·
kh8 n~ (o ffice) ~long with copi~ s of th3state-
~nt. mcmtionod above nnd of all avdlbbk .
ordors E.nd docum.1nte. Action snoLl thun be
tnkon· as dir0ct~d •
•
.. "!hen surveys · wr;:, conlucted i n th<.l o ld Rajyc of Jajarkc. t · 1n accvrti !.:n c.·
with t~se rugulationB, it W~ ~ d i ;~~ vc re d · thot t~ Rb jbS o f Ja j ark0 t hcJ
granted tn~ f o llOwing Lands, fetching a tr.) tol incu ~ . of 24 rupa~s and 13
OM.!lB, ss Guth1 f or th~ following r~ss . .m sinou t.p-\;j tim.r o f tbli; Ba1si an~
Cha ub1si rulers. Thes a ~rante neYQ not beon cunf1rmud ·by · roycl s~al and
the Signatures of f Ol'fll(3r l1lkht1yars~ Tlw lands haye bevn USEld accordiIlblY.
ContC. •••
,
113.
Mkr cr, nducting surveys in the manoor lIlemtL)nej .::a'b.::,va, I hay,} St:1-
q:l.~! st.'} r\'d th~ lenus, I.ll1j, sinco :1:; ,;.,r:.!;.; r ::.;r ot!"lvr ,k: cum::nt is 8v.3il"bl.v .
Mcorded [I statt.:munt from thi,; p...rrons using t.oo lands alct tbose paying
r..1nt5 thElreon, as wall OB ,,£ o'WOlJrs uf vdjoilling L::ands :lS wttn>JsBCs. I
submit II cort1fi;::d copy of this statom.mt berl3v1th.
Since Ith03 llm .:ls havo bolen usud without any order or ·)thcr docUJrl,-nt;
the users CClMo t bo po:Irmi tt\Jd tv :Ntain them Clcc0raing to Saction 18 :A
'thG Law vn Mlsc<JllBnooU.2 Land Matwrs (Jagga JSmin Go~w3rB Ko). It. tt,us
<-' pp0!1 rS nt..l c;; ss<lry to .::nwr tl'...,50 lands (in tile t<:lX DSfk~S3ment r..;c:;rliS .:::
Ri. ik::,r) •
H0;;"vver, 1 feel 1:.h8t tho llln:! s ~ h~ ulCl b ~ ' co nfirmed in t.ht.i nDm.::s b
tha U66rB unc!",r $c-ction 9· of this ltlw. sine") th..:y hOiV-a b(;E;n uSing It. ' si:. ,.,,
f0rw.;r ti.lrJ;;js. l-br+.Jov(.ir, the people ' may undtlrg .... mi~ry if another persur.
invo kos thl) vr "Ja yu (who were ooing propitiated with the prodUCb 01·
tb.:t , ),
Contd ••• _
114.
., .
In " ell~!J n.,;· has dJl1;.: $0 ' wi thou!. lIny icn .)wl U,Jge
of th~ manner in which t.h~ l enj ha : ~ un ~ c
quir ed, ' flli sha ll nut b.:: jl;l~lIlc? :..l t;) hav", C" nJ-
mLt. .::J tmy ~ fffJ ns d . Only th ... :''In.Jum. ~ f t.h;;
~:1 t ....tu.J ' ,n th .. l~n-.: s holl b", fUal 1Z ... j
from
:lim . Such l antls sna 11 ~ l'\:: SWDt,. .i ~ n ...i ruc" r u,d
in t..ht1 ' of £ici a l : r~ g i !;1:L: r.
i. I"'op.;. rt has nuw h ....'(..n r .'c <; 1v.,;{] to tht: ... t f ... et thut · t hL
rtcjc v i JlI j.:..rko t
hld dnJ~ wuJ t.h ~; l ')llo ving :'ir n rls ClS Gutl li in th... m&nt
l~ r . m.:ntivrl/.:I.l bul.J lJ
wlth 'Jut th~ sonc tiun ~ f th"'! '!:h 'ln ¥.uk htlY 3r, £lnci tMt
thl.! l £lnJS tlr., bt;int
U5 ~d acco r ding lY . (by th~ r?clpl ~ nts). .
.
It thus Clp?"..sers tb.st th'L1s <;; lan0. s, ~n:1o"',J J :,as Gilth i by th",
.
&:lj B of
Jajll rkot o n his own lntti atlV '<: with :) ut a r ",y;; l o r (\(:!r or
thoJ lIPP N va l 0f
th·,J t h.~n Mllk htiys r, whic h . ,\N b<Jin g us;;:} ':lcc'l roin gly
(by tb\::: r o:.ci t>i ,.-nts )
-shv'uloi 00 retnun.-d occo r J iilg t u l.3W on:.l e nt..:r oJ in t.h...
;
rvgi st.., r.
HoWf.tvtlrj tb'J Law on Misc v Uon eous Lon.:1 M.. twr s
f o llow ing ? rovt Si<JO l
c'Jnt ains th"
(Thil Sedb r DbfdlJ rkhe np. OUi c..: ) tht!r efo r t;; l"npr est;ln t s
tha t t.h(; l :.n @
m.:Jy b u cl)ni irllll :d or N8UIJk!:i <:It the disc t'l::t iIJo ( of th,
_ · IWnc Prim:; Min ister ;
C.)nt d •••
1.15.
,
1'his rnt;mvr.:.;nc.:wn wos ..:n<.lvrs,,1,j by th<;l M\j.luki Ml,da . - (Tb.:; .Prim;. M1ni st"~' J
then issuud th~ following " rOOr.
'f his r(j port has c; ccoro.lj.ng],y b8tJn forwarded t o tb. . Jajarkot Sqrvoy Ottic",.
(.;1) Guthl e::ncl uWlI\.Jnt 'Jf Subakoti DJvatll , kncmn as Dhl]fl>J-Kholil Khr.. t,
cultivat -:.lJ by SUI\,; Di Y<.tN . l'hv total 1ncorm:, according to thi:
r ate :;f 14" DS pNvaknt in th.. Rajya, i..s _J.4 annas aTh.( J~ p~ iB.:l.
- ( 2) TwQ ' Guthi ",nd ,)wmcmts in S1I1yan-lbra: Formarl.y, herON ttltt entry o f
tht. Gurkha gOVd t1lmE:Ot ( i nto J um1.:l) , Maib1-Devata e merged on this Lane.
ani s:Wrtet! harassing th-.' l ocl'l l inhabitfmts. Tho Nayak of ,t h·:; D3ra
thrJn (.7 noowed this l and as Guthi, construct..:u El tcmpltl (dtlval) Bnd
initilltud r " ligiouB ceru.JT(lnias. Thp· people then f e lt rf:ll1oV(;d. accor-
ding t 'J 0 st:, t <.; ment signed by th", local pooplu. 'Iba t ::>tal inc,ome fl"JTIl
tho tw:) Guthi imcb~nts allk)unts to 15 annas and 2 paisa~ Tb", break-
down is liS follows:
Contd •••
llh.
Form<.;rly, (bofoN too entry of loh.,: GOrkha govi)t'I'Ulk:Int into JUlIlla) , .. !~ .,;
Raja 01' Kbegcma 'grantad this land to Kamal Jaisi. Lat.:.r, hu confi5c,,1;·;il
t~ land~ ur~vad at this, Kamal Jaisi cqmmittad suicia~ on this LanJ
which WS notl bilen ondO'Wl:ld as auttd. He bdoama a Pl'tIt (~vil spirit)
and b~gan to harass tha Raja of Khag~na, 'who t~n granted the land ~ ~
Guthi to Kamal Jaisi, constructed a temple (dovtll) on th", land and
initifltod roligiou9 ceroroonios. Tht;: Raja then !oalt relieved, accordilll.i
to a ·sUot.;m(:nt sigM,1 by the l 'JClll poopl·.! . 'lhu t.Jtal incornc:: is 2 ru(.lu;.:s,
13 £I nna
s, and 2 pllise. Pllr.ticulllrs ore as follows:-
, 1
. (a) 18 muris 'of Khat, land, call.-.:d Hadt;.lcalcal, in i.ur£<ri viU<lgoi:t , cult.LV'~
by [harm<> :D£.s Jaisi. Th~ total incum.; is 2 rupoos, 8 annas and li
'. pai sl'l at t.he rute of 14.
Forncrly, bof')N Ctho 03ntry o f th;:. Gorkha govt}rnm.;nt in·to JumlB), til.i,:.l
emergod (on tbis land) and stDrtd baNssing tbe l.ocal inhabi-
Jlt thtlt timo, tho-J Raja of Jajarkot endowed tha' follOwing bnas
as Guthi, c:.mstruc-Wd a templ.:: (JavEll) fvr this and initi....k;J
rollgiuus cON)lL1nivs. Ttw inb<.bitunts th~n f"Lt accord1ng t.:.I
a statem~nt . s1gned by the loc:iil I-)..,upl.;:. Those two Gutht .:ondoWl'llunts ylwl
u total incoD£, of· 5 rupees,S 8Mas and 3 paisa. 'Th~ breakaown is .c s
follows;-
<a) The: Gut.hi cndowroont of Kakalate-Kambkha ' D.;;vata yields l rup",~, Lit
snnaa an,;; 3 psisa. This incluJ<:Ic 11 sunas nnd 3 pa1sa on 5;t murif.
of Kh\;;lt land colwd Donali, and 1. rup~ Dna 3 annas from 8 muriS,
8 pBthi'3 nnd 6 manas of Khat land clll10d Pat1halJul, at the rat.a
c
.cf 14, both cu1tiv.,t13d by Harshtlbir Rake Sad. ,
Contd •••
117.
For merly,_ (bt-1'ON tht- ~ntry . of th,: lio r kha gv Vl:lrtull<lnt inte J uml B, th ...
Rl:l j a o f JlIjarkot h&d gr :mt . :.: o ,this 1.:m.L! t oJ ~llhud ... v Jc.lsi, Hi.twtlv::.Ir, h"
r\::sumej "it ·subs;:: quontly . Gritl 'red £at tIllS,. Muhsc;..,v J:lisi committ.;;,d
sui cide on ti-lis i<:lOd which b!l S n ow bt:'o.; n unJow.::d ss Guth i. He b::c,:;rn.: "
prc't. (CIvil s ~: irit) and ~ga n t o harass th.) Raj,! o f Ja jar1cot. Th,· R.~j6
t~r:v upon g r Dl).ted the l <:nd as Guthi tu Mtlhnd~v JlIisi and use it for
WlJr shl pping (God) Mablldev . Ht') tO tllm felt Nliow=cI, according to a sb't;. ... .
rn.:mt sign~ by the l octll people . This Guthi ondowmBnt MS an incorrwa
o f 1 r up0;;l , 6_.:InnllB and 2;i plI i sa from 8 muria and IS pathis of KIo:!t= t
l and" ,a t th~ ra~e of l6J which i s cultiVct.03 d by KDl Kh:ltri. -- .'
(6 ) Cuthi endowment ofSri Ch ·!turt:lllso Dcvi ii. Jaea t ipur-Dara. At on3 'till1:.
• •
this l llnd had ooen cultivQtcJ by fI Br:.hm<ln vutn.9n ca lled Chaturlll£lsa.
However. tJ.=- Nay ak of t h..:. vitlilgo Ilvicted her and stn rtcd USlnL' th.·
l Ol)l) himse l f . Griovod (It this'. thJ.! Br ahman woman WClnt to the lhl'ld :l :"J .
comfllittod s.ulci d::.:-. :Shi .. b··cam•.-, :,j ' Pr9t (evil spirit ) Bnd boga n to Nlr t. '3~
'the Noyok. 'Jh<"i Nayak . tlS - ':) N"su lt. was WlBblt! to uso the lar.d anu s .)
rel1nqu1stlEld it. Ht: appointed other · pe r sons to cultivate t,h "" land. be 1
ovoryb6dy who cult.ivotod t M l:lnd underwunt 9J.1'fering Md t herefore ..... ~ i . . ...
q u.:'shtld it,o l'h.e L:lnd the r ufore r om.airJ€:d unc-ult.iVlited for 10') or 120 J ' • •~:: .
Iri (19/34) (Vikrl1ma , or 1877 ".• D. ) . Raja J~ Bahauur Sh.:l_h
gr anteu th0 l and (to 8 d<lscond.:nt 0::' th" Br ahmen WOIJllln ChatUI'J'l'l.::.sfI) .
saying, It Sinc~ sht: was ;:," :)tU' ancos tor,. pr-Jp-i t iat.': her ar;W us ... th!:l l an ,
~f ,you Clln. I eivi: it as Guthi (in t.hoJ nlllll.:J of) Chuturmns:l . '1 1.. t tlmp 1,:
(d~ v Bl) was c w nstruc~d on' tnu lana and r ~ li givus cvroJmoni~s wo~
ini-w.a tL"U . Mano w.. s wor ship(.lo:Jd in tht:: months of Ju>~ cJ h 11 pd Harge wh,,(l
.crops \/UT'" sown '£iri:" niJ r vtsflwd . Rc l~f . was thOu' fblt, ant: tht.l lane. w.:::s
. thus r ~ c .lt;im..:! d. a nd cu1t.i""lLt..&tl, ".lccor uing to o' stuWmE:nt signo:k! by 't(I'.
l oco 1 p:.lo p l <.: . •
." !
Cuntd •••
UB
. -" ":J ' " ' " .. . ., ', .. .' ,
. 8 st,'..I'tement 51gnQ~ , by th,t:. 10co1 ;)C opl.;) 0 , The tobe 1 1noolOO of
t~ 'S\:l ' Guthi endolmll)X\t.s; numbering 5, U 9 rupedS, .14 a'nnas and
l~ palsa. Tha bNllkdOwn is <I S f .:l ll..Ms:-
(1) Guthl endo~tint ' ~ci~ by Raja Dip Narayen Shah f or his IshtaU."lve t a
on 5~ rnur1s v f Khat land ca1l.ed Yl.Ihu. The to.tol incom:; 1s 1
rupct; /lnd 6 8MBS at tbt.: r a'k. of 25 . '
. (11') Quth1 endowni.nt ma"de by Ra j Dip 'NaNy8n Sh ~ h ~ r Ja jark0t i~ 1
. .
Srim811ka IkYi v n . 2t muris u f l~ n'J . Th... t..: t.:l l lJ1 c ... m:; i " 9 .'I Uf."t,
at th~ rata ~f 25.
(111) Outh1 E.noowment made by. Ra jn Dip "Nar3Yan Shah f or Sr1kalika
Devi on 2 ~. muris of
Khc t I Dn,j called Snnktolil, The t..:Jtal inC'JIllC
. .., is l O ~nn8s : at· the raw vt 25 ... ,·r
(1v) Quthi onqowmant made ~ah for Sri Shiv~shw~r
by Raja ,Dip Naroyan
Mtlhad\jv cn 17 rnuris, 12 patlll.s and L man8S of Khat ' Ulnd. Th'~
, totDl inc(JIW 1s J rupd",s, 6 6nnll S and 1). pllis ~ . Ti lis in cll.XleS
J Il nnn s from 15 path18 ~f Khct l end la~eJ Pi~ - Jyula (I t t ~ ~
r llt.; ·.,f 25; -:..na rupee , J 8nn<lS and ~fi pai&o from 5 muris, i<::
pathts And 4 manas of Khe t l <'nd cDl leid PlI IIWo-N ... ra at th;.! r J t. ~
o f ,1,. rupee DOO l.L. amas Dr.d 2 rupe.o:s , . l anns end J patss 011
llt muris <j f Khat Innd cnllod Ret.· at thE; raw of 16 r upt':'<i S :1 nd
12 annas.
. - .. .
(b ) OUthi anllowm.:.nt mado by Raja J"UIlg Bahadur Shah in 1931 (Vikr&m:., ,.
1.874. A. D.) f or Sri ~p <)jurgeshwa r 110ha:l6v on 15:t"'murls ,;;f Ahe t l ~ , ..!
• :, . yielding a -totu l inc ume of } rup6<.:S snd 13 aonQs . · This incllXies .3
. . . rupves cnd 10 .:l nnas fN :"". 14, muris 0 isKhet . land, ca il ·..ld So d£I t"··N," ~"",
. .:I t tM raw of 25, and J onnns from p/:I th.i,s of Khut lund , CU l l ·· .
... Pipil-Jyu1a; at the rat.o at 25 . . ..
Thurs.JElY,
".!.gun aod1 )01 1949
. (Pl:tbruary 1692 -
~ IWgnd. Ft3siJ orch Co llections, Vol. 62, pp •. 107-121 •
. _.
119.
- -.. '
x
Intervieus With Baburum J.charyB
.
On Bai.sakh 10, 2027 (April 22, 1970), Pro£'. 'ru l s i .Ram Boidya of the
Iepartment of History of the TribhuWan Uni versi ty J Dbanabajra Bajro-
CharyCl , fin expert on history, PrOf. Chuda~ni Bandbu of the Departm t.:'nt
of .N~ p a l1, Basudev , Tripat'h1, Secrat.:lry of tht:: Institute of Napal Studies
of t~~ Tribhuwan Univarsity, c nd Sup~r1ntendan~ Madhuaudan Risvl tape-
r.:corded t r. tI , lo llowing interviews with It1lws - Sirom<mt ,Baburrun JLchllry.'
at his r,-~ s i dE;;lliC~ a t BllttiSputnli in Kll'thm:1 ndu on btlhs'lf of th..:t Institu toj
with t~ objec tive of pr~servi n g -~e much a s possib~ of his compro~n _
s l w knowltldg& of ·histor y .
What' historical
. avidancA is ' ,wll il.ablil
. about Kirat.a rule in Nopa l?
:Answer: None. There was no -cj.villzation twr~ during thd Ki~ta period.
History is not- possibw in th(;! abl3oo:::e "of civilization. History btlg1.ns
wl th tho dllWJl of cl villzation during thoi:- LicbhBvi period. The Kira w
period predates'thG dawn o f civ ~ lizatio n.
~uostio n': Wu be ·.i<:.vi:: that thu n<.: mcs of th\'l four J\dhikarllOOS (of£ic,'; s ur '
courts), Kutba ra, Sbull:L, M.:;pabok · and 1ingVtllll J Nf()rl.mc~s to whim ar..
found in Lichc hhavi inscriptions, cons t1 tut.;; evid;;n-lcoJ vf Xi~ta rulu·.
l 'oos 'J e ru,. i n: a sensv, contemporary r vfor ... nces. Tlwsc .kdhik<:i ranas thus
seem to have bEl~n .established during' the Klraw p!:)rio d •
.
. .im sw~r; Th1~ is not thy caSG. How could ther iJ bt) ·J\dhlkarllnas ,during th,·
Ki rllta period.? Wi:i mUBt conslov r IX;fw' llnd when civlliz ll tLln dld ..e ~pe .. r d:.lrillg
"lihie .: period.
.mswer I Th(JY are mt Kirnta~ at all. How can you make such aD interpr,; ;-
tation ? This is quito unrali8bl~. I do not Dccept any of this. When
the light of c1vilizatic,m dawns, you helvo archit llctu:re. Lbt:ll1evi3 that .
.civilization dawned from the day when Gumbohal 'iI'1S C')Dstruct.ed. I do not
regard _tile earlier history o f N<!pal as authuntic. When d id ,e1 vil1zation
dmm in Kumaun ? KumSWl was not civilization until the ti,* of K<lUdasa.
They say th6t Kum~un is th~ sam~ as Kartripur~. But this is not tru~.
Kalldasa has mad.:: no refer :nc.:; to Kurnaun in his works. We 'g et a rofuro:>nc i
to Gnrhwal et l ast . Peop le e.)1OO to the banks of the Ganga, s toa l gold
£lnd go' beck. Civilization has not dawned at that _tim". I visited Garh'",,[l l ..
,Th.or{; is an 'inscription of th~ sixtb centuryJ in tht: Kut.ilD scri;.,t . Uw t.
wo in Uttar-K.::sh.i . '\Jv f .>unu nothing <:JOOv'; tMt piace. During tho sixt.n
contury, civilization had spread o"n ly up to Utta r-Kashi , not abOVi;l tnat.
pLace,- nor t (, Btldriliatb. Haw th.cn coulJ t h(Jr\l have been civilization dUr-
ing the Kirata poriud? In "N"epal, civilizati o.n had already dawned ouring
the first cuntury. ~~ civiliz ati 0n maans thd civilizatiuD _of hryav~rt&.
''I'he kryas did rc. t COIi'¥J 'nere; vnly thdlr ci"VilizatioD did. In our hill
regions , ' civilization hf' ,,! dawned earl1ur. Kashrr.iri ctvllizati-:o n WL~.· ' th~
first to ranch hbre. j.,ollt us Dot talk about Kashmir; for thoN civilbo-
tbn c'Jmmellced during the Vel1ic period itself. · l:!.;ast o f Kllshmir, Ni:lpal
was tht:: first t o' bt! civili.2.Hd . Th<J ol de st copp:t r inscriptiuns aru' f ound
in J1imla -. anq H\mila. We Cann·) t get older iru::cnpti.)ns ovonin K1lIIlliun a nd
Garhwal". Evo'n words pres;,;.rve (historical) mat..:ri~- 1. . I hov~ already sai'"
tha't thtil tar-m Dengol refers t ("J Dakshinnkcligrr.:ma. F0rmerly I bo3clluse of
Mahsyana, Ksblltriyas and o th"rs all becarre OIl9 . They are now civilized '
beCIJUSO of Mahayana. I have disco'Nr",d th" neaning of I1Owala u • It r e.31l.1
refers to KoshanuSrIl~, of which it is the c orrupt f orm. I bcl1e~ thct
t-Iupal1 history begnn with Y.OSh,:lDugram.n. &for~ this, in my ouinion, ~o::p ,:, l
h~s no history,'.'
(To Ba ConiinUA:ld)
~gmi Rd s ~ ~rCn (P riv~tu) Ltd,
r.<lt.b.rrundu: July 1, 1973 .
Yellr $, No . 7,
Edited By
Mahesh C . Ragrn.1.
1I1t1I1Hf
Contonts
Plige
.1
; After Pratap MallS
By
It lit MU 11 Jtlt .
Three of the sons of pratap HUla, Mahipatllldrs J Nr1p endra and Partbiw."dr..
"' ppeo.r.too buv§! .s urvivad him wtwn bt:i died in 715 ~vpal ' era (1675 A..D.). I t
is, PQ8s ibla tnat Bhupendra hall~ whom -P'ratap Malla bad designated as Crown
t:'l:inca.1 a lso. had died by", t.hat timEl. Mabipllt.tindra MedA, bd.ng the ,oldes't . ,
. - surviving son, . i.rdS 'Ilntltl.t:d to 's uccee d PratDp HI:Illa. Howover, h<: was Impri-
so~ ~ by. Nrip.,ndro <lOO POrthiv£lndra. ' Too " youngost Bon of Pratllp Malls, P:. r thi-
Y03ncira" was wisu .•md cltl wr. Ht' tbureforo wie lded a~t· uD l power .lvon t hoUt~n
Nrlp.JOdra Malla bi; callltt King . This may b.! tho;; roM on why the VClmshav<> ll s 00
not, e ve n mention that NripondrD i'\aUa bI~ca~ King. How~' vtIr, documcmtll l"'J ;:. vi-
d..1n c~ is ava ilabl13 to 900W tMt this was the C058 . A. coin h .sued in 795
ii..:p<ll =ra ( 1675 A. D.) boars his nBfIk;i . This prov(;a that bel ascended tilt: tr1l'c. ~I'.
~!lhld18ta l.y afwr .tllt:l dtJatb of nis fllthei', Pratep:. M~ lla • . 14. stooo i.Qscript1(JI"l
of lirlpcndro l10Uafs timo , dat..ad 798 Ne pal "era (1.6791..0.), retl:!rs to hi:-.
with l"C!Y'l!1 tltl.l:ls. Nrlpiln dr.1 Hallo probably dlad in 799 Nop~ l vra 0 6 79 J,. Ii _)
Hu di~d on th~ Oi.,lW lIIOan day- beror.: tb;.' DashBin featival. His last rites wo r~.
pu rfo~d by nrahmQns and t ht) f !:stiva l ' was celebrated as usual iri Kat.tu;..:~o'-;"
1'hl s shows. that oNri ~ndra }kl lla dld rot bear muc.h' importance in the ~'yR S or
Parthl vonch-a Hallo. .. . .. .. .
." .
Contd. '0
122 .
An in::lcrlption 0"1· Parthiwndra Malla dated 199 Nepal art! (1.679 A,i>,)
hll S been found lit the PashUpDtinath tcmpld. It shows that he had darn;, soma
'Construct:j..on thor£:o According to th~ Pashup8timth temple
wn1ch hsd been construCted by bilun d Clmo g&d and . tilds had .
lee n baked at Deopatan for its • To &xpeditu tru; ronovBt.i on ,
r~ rth1vendre Hallo hims~lf c nrri~d "tiles from tn~r~ to ~ h~ P8shupa tintl~n
wmptv . The inhah it.8pt.s of Kut. om<.:nCiu fo l 1.ow",d his ::Xllmpl"" 'Io;i-.. n th", :rosul:t
t. n·l t. iJll tba t1hls wt:re t aken \.0. th~ 1:ot:mplo:= 1n 0113 nig ht. line s o th~ worK
101':":; 'compl~ted "quickly. This const.ituT,<.lS l:lvidunca of tht::: inst1nctlw loyc ltl
c l' thd N;;swqr s ub j;: ots of Nopal towards ttltdr King.
·. .
· • . Julother ownt wtlicn. took pbctl during ' t oo rulC! of PDrthivt:lndri:l MoH...
.shads. light on ano tht;r soci a l ;custom. Ono Dtrbrmll Jhs from Tirhut 'murdtlr :::d
... a r dlotive Dt CI1.angunoray.Jn. !bll ntI<J Jb& was inmuna ' from cnp1t3l punishrtli::!ot
'.b~ caU5 <l ~ e was n Brahman .aod so hi,:, .property 'w.!lS conf'iscetod. But e· prob l tJlII
· e rose in croditing ' Il .era~n 1s prop6rty to lohe royu 1 tr-::a s ury. It was loh\.' t"~ ~
for~ di:.:citkd tOat tho ,propurty should bt.: uSI:;d for roligious purpo s'., s. Thor ..
.' ,f,s n9, ,dQubt thD.t , it. was actually used .,.~o rork) vntc st:;vt;r ll l lo~ p".p l es ·and co:; -
~ sttuct '"Qew,ooos.. . . . '.,
Contd •••
123,
I~part from to::; stone ' in~cription of Bbupalendrn Mo 1.10 r s 1D:?t.~r, two
coins dLlt~d 812 N2pal. t::N (1.642 I •• D.) hllVIiI bo:J~n d1sco'I"rt:td. In oddi-
=-<~
inscribi. ng th,~ n.<.:me of Bhupawndra !-fulLl, thl; coins cont1.dn t.hE-'
word, . "Virall, "N<lpalust'dar Rllj4i:ndra 11 , . IIGirindrn ll , Rajnraj.;ndrll, ar.e I1 Chudll_
moni S.:lrriratll~ R1ddhil~xm1's atonu inscriptions 9 150 dcsori'bd him EIS u~p"'l"'c.r
ond lord of tl(;lpCl 1 (N~Plll<lshwllr... ,M£:Mru jadhirD jl:l Sllk.Jlsrfl ja chala-ll dhi £~ !~ .1l"'2);
'" . , '
. '. :. stond inscription d<ltt>~ Flllg:un 8J.4 (i694 -".D.), mst<;llud by Ridcih:i.
}WilD,' has'been found at Cb3ngunarayan.lJ It shows th.lt Bhupal.1m:::lr.:r Ji.olla .
,:"a s ruling at "thnt t1mi.o.. That he ~DS aliw till. 8.1.8 N"P<:i er~ (1696 II.L.)
l.5 appnr,:nt fro;.1LiI t! coplXir inscript.io n .fou nd at thd courtyard of Patwr. -11.
Iflt!ntions "- t ht: M1l'll:S of King Bhupatindra twi1s of BhadS."Iull, King ·Yog':;' Nar, -jl-::;',-,
'1~ 1l<; 01 .:'aU,n £lnd King B!-, u.pil1endra !'i:lllaof Kllthm<lr; ;;·J .
, ,
. . ··· Bbupa1encira MallB had possiblydwd in 820 lbpal \:Ira. This ir: <.: pp r· r~flt
·fl'oDI" ,·the discovery of th,;; IOOhar coin of BhaskarB Mll118, son of Bhupakndrz:
Halls. T~13 coin 113 d.:ltud 821 N}{>.31 '.. l':'" ,1701 cI.D,). A Sulti coin of Bbasl<l!r:'
fr.sUa, '· det..:;;d 818 N0p«1 (;ra (1698 h.D.). has bean found. Howvcr, it it. b ,,-
~1.\lWd th<.lt this coin bad beiln issu.;;;J on a speciaL occasion whili:l h"i!:l i":.lt:Wr
WiJ~ y~~ .1livG.
;
.' Ji.ccording ~ tho;: -V ..mshaval1s, - Bh': ~.k:. r.l fo!.:lllc WllS 0 minor won h : sucC',' ~_d
bis father. H;J Wl)5 agf:ld 14 Y''::IJl'S Elt that tim:! " U"l~i ::' he ;;<10 collie of !lgo, hi:>
:;thcr function-3d as Regen--t;. and c3rried on t he:- flffairs of t~Cl ~t.!lW with U"'~
~' lp of min~stars. i,ccord.ing to Fat.her ~lo.ider1, her ministers .used :to l::Ite~d.
.~ ' ~h wealth fro!'" '.'l<'l royal t.repsury whenever. ttwy go-t on opportu,n1t.y t.u. d o ;y,) .
, ,
-. ' .
. 'l'be 'T'-lmsh,:walis d~scritx-- BhaCikprll M.!Jila as: '" King' with Dn uhstabl ... mi:",;.
'l'hi: fiakldI"ll:>ss np{XIsrs to nava -devl:llopf.:? t.:.l t.~" . point of cnl.lnging in...o '
fldve nturousn13ss as ha edvClncod in aga.4 "ccord:Wg' to till! V,;nlS"havslis, tkl
hOld goru on a bunting ~xpt:di tion "too t tl.: "l"ll rl.i i · and captured 7 ,'::leFh;.m ts. 1"
b prt.stirood th~.t h:.:. had bngg(;!d t.n",s;:.: el.uplwnt.::; ir,-tli", -T.n'ui 3I'1;uS : under' ·Ln .-,
C'jn';.rol of M::lkw<lnpul"'. JoS <l mark of his daring .:.ct of ct.i purinx ulcptltints,
hI::: -6:-ss1.lIrl\:;Id the titl.;; ' of O.9,i npa"ti, or lord of ..:!.,-,phC!nts . !::
t ;7 tjl;l~ai ... r :1
(1717 I..D.), he proalo:'..!~,",d 11imsil.lf ;;IS King of PaWn 'a uo l.ss.udd COln unt!",r '
tlilu name of Gl:lj~pati .11.: ::1ndr.:.; ::imha ., HC:l had <liSO llssumed tbe t.i_~l~ "o! ~1(1F'-~ •
'"; i-lShWlll"'O Girir.dro ... Tnus K!lt-tur.:mdu and Pawn ~m<; undur tba rul(;l 01 El . Sl.:!.. _.
~~g/fter, El la~Sf:;' of 86 yuars. HO~Vd!', Bhllska.r a t~lla faHud t.o saY'J k!.:;;
l.l':!c~om. Llke hIS pNdo;lcdssors, nd SI}... IllS t o bavi~ sunk hims!;"li in t.nr: lClX U !""'~d
IlCcording to· th<;l' Vamshavulis, <ln ~p1cremic had brok"n out. in N;,p<ll.· ,,;t.
'. t.hil t. t.im" . ..ccording · L·~ ... ,I" d::;-scrip t.ion 01' th .. cpidumic ei ven in t.h".
• ~rush<lvEi11s. th.J vict.ims 0y.p<: riclnco:>d <.Icut" pllirr in t.tlc, o..:lIr <.1:3 w<.)"il os s"'V,.:'w
· !1ii..:d;;Jc r•.J ·. ·rtr..:: (JpW.~m1c "thl.l:; ,1pp''';''!'s to -0 . . a lcind of plagut:l. 'thert:1 W"Q pi.'::~.i.c
-·throuch" ut. Ut ..' c.;Iunt.rY. 80 tc" . 90 -p",apl.::l died f;> f th.. plaguo daily. Fut.tlI. r
Fr-~'ft11', woo liad co,,,,, t.o' Ndp<i.l,. at. 1.11;;, ... nd of 1. 7l.h an his way bllCK from
· LhiIS", has .. isQ Civon an lIccount of t.n., · calJ)mity brought by .. no::: pla~ut::.
;'c(:crding to him, th", upick:mic 'WaS a v<:ry s,"' riooJ.-~ ont.! and thllt i .. had t:i!:-_!l
'u -t.oll of' 20,OQ(} 1.1V:'""s 'within a _period ai' ) mont.hs • . Thd Vamshcv.llis givIJ
· ', ho.' numbGr of th!! '.!~' E'C llt 18, 714. Ho~ver, thoy' indicr.ttJ t:.bat thusc p0opl,1
· h ..·o. dL<.i' \-li-tliin. .:l 5",.',,< 4 3 !'l;nr:> .· _Tilis ~h.Jws that Fat.b.Jr Fr(' ye:r had i! iv.; !:, ~
tnis f1guI'G on '"liho basis of h;;;a'rsay, 'nnd that h::l had muntionud ) lJi.lOth!l
im;w&u of J y'J:>.rS by misu ....,j •
. \-fu,.·n · }<~a thGr i1rt!ycr Nachod Nep~l, 5 C ~puch.in missitln.lrifls wore: ul.NCldj
: workiilg thnre. ·:.t first,- thdy use::d to war black robes. But as thi s wo:;;
.:ii:;!ik",d by "t.b.:- ICe,it of P!ltna, they wero SUppliHd with blue robes_. Accord-
int:ly, thl:'y ~~r..; wwring. bluu robes at t.hat t.irra. 'I'ha p.~ op13 of Nepal
!'..,gprded blu'] clothes t;s unholy. Thf:y,· wondtiTl;;d . whether t.hv dpidomic WClS
.·JlQt th:-; result of Ci:;d's ',:r zl"o:.fl OVi:r t~t) Capuchin missu...nurL::..sl use: 'of in-
.:, uspicioua rob~,!:. Th~ ·mi!:si') __ ._: !'i.;.~~ s(~nsing thc'!S;J doub1:.s - 3mohg t.h~ !~0 t->di.i
iJOp l~, ·i~diDt,",ly procUNd · whit.:: t:lc.othr;s Dnd stilrwd we .!lring th:Jm. S... .;dnb
t ili:.>, ' thl:l llopali p,.opb told ·· ·T,h<.;m~ uyou I.lI"G now wt.!aring ciowos of thE: •
kind you 'ought to us.:z. Yeu no tong-=r look lik..., th(~ t-"DghoJ.is. You h ... vc llV"W"
~' )COll\U l.ik~ N.p.d.is. 1I Ay saying t.hat. t,hb Capuchin missionarid's no longur
10ok.Jd -l.1k.. thl;: NO\i:huls, :th-J .~(,p.:alS rriC:lDnt t1:lat 1:.[.1;" mi::>8wn3rius no longtlr
lQok\;;d ·like Nuslims. Fatti~r DCsi..J;;ri's <J ccount 81(;0 "t.0nds UJ confirm l..l\i..u
swry • .Bhask::: r:.l r1l.il.u h:J.;i r...:crll.it.~·d soJm_ Musl.ims <:1$ his bodygunrds.'i'his w!.;:;
'!'~svtltud by th«:: loc",L Nio>VOrs -wilo "uidnot l.ikt_ , 'tniJ infl:u-=ntiol position
.... I.T...!\in:.'d 'bJ' fo:r<.:iGn;;)rs ... t, th<: Pl.lh!CQ: 'l'h~y "tnjrvfon: at.t.ucki,;Jd t,h... I"op,l
p~.i.ac", 8!IC1 slau~:ih.t.,;;)ri,;Jd. s ..... v-.:ral !'iusltms 'ill T.h':l" pr.es.;;nc"; or~h.! Kill;; • .r'or
l}(J litic.:.l· roason.s, . T.r•.: N",polis at thl:lt. · tl.l'IC untc.rUl in~d bacj ~ft~lings ~w,. N:'
t:-.'; Musl~. It. u"s th~r.;!for'" n .. turaL ' for th·.~ .N~pD.lj.s to dislikCi th... bJ,u,;:
•.. ... :~:' ::. !;.
rob .. s worn by to.o:) Copuch.1n missionorills . ' . - and t.lIk.:: ,th(;:m -'for. "
: Hus
. 11m3
'" -. itccordfng to the -Jlwngal -Thil\{uri Kaji had condo-nV:d
Bru:.skare Ma11D at tb" south 01' SWilyombhm16tb to kuo..:p ·~um
in~I'un.. from th.o ..:p i co::mic • .;.ft.:;r st,"li1ne; th~N for '6 mOlJtn~, Bbasker.::. l-..:..l J.l::
· ,ne":' inquired of Cl r,'eWilr p(J1I5Dnt (Jyupu} as. ""to. -now J!l8ny pwplu' -WOl!-I:I- tiUu
,
" .
Contd •••
125.
dying daily . Ttk; JysPU replied that the epidemic bad. subsidad considerabLy
and th at vnly 4 or people ware dying daily. BhaskDra Malla,.who was
a~N3dy tired of rvmtlining s ~p<lr.atod from :Jis- concubines, leapHd from t.hd
,wind(}w ~md ~turn~d to thcl r oya l polec .j , . . he!'€: . ha w.:&s reunited with h:i,.s
concub in\:Js . Hr.: w-. 8 . inft:lct",d by t~ plagUfl at 'LhCl palac<i;··a..'ld h..;.. di~d;
Let :us now cQmparu this . :lccount of B~skilr" Ma LL<.i IS d",ath with V .tn.. r
Dtr8i..1clri I t:J versi...,n. From Fath.... r il~~sid~ri' s v!;;rsi,m, it El ppo<lrs t.r"" iJw :,- ;,>'!'.:.
h<!u freq'o.r.:ntly I';;volted agoins:r.. thv_ King- on tilt;! Ground ~ h<.Id OOImploYi:lo
· MuSLims . 1)usid..:ri writ.Js tbllt on:;; day SOll\i:.l .pc)opl~ h,,!c;I sunt. El poisol'kld
b-...;t..:.i. J..c:e.f to t.1"..,. palace. Fatih.r k-sld-eri. addS : IIThlil M,llsUm st.;rvants of
B h45 kar~ Mal1t1 go t. wind ot this conspiracy ~nd informed thf;; King accordinGly.
ThJ King gaw t hv bat .... l leaf to . a goat i n o),'d.::r t o asc'::! rtBin whethur it
-roelly 'c'Q ntaintld poison. Tti:..:. go'at di-ed. Th"~ ' guilty pat"sons were banishid.u
This account t;;llOS to .confirm ..that th,,- P<: O~t0' of NepDl. w",rl.: opposed·tO .: :
Bit.::; skara Malls .!It t.ha t tim,·), ond. th Dt "tooy had fteq~ntly conspi.rwd to
~ill hIm. Th.. pC:lJpb Wdf>;;'t of course , angry: a~vt:Jr BhaskDra Halla IS actin
J..n "JmplO"')ing ';'usl.irns !· However, tb~y used this only as B ,p.rl:lT.:'..:Ixt. Tb ,~:..:"
· "!'0a 1 m::"~ i v ,-, wa 5 \;() IT.urdcr Bhaskllra Malla llnyway. ~ Tb;: Kaj is of PaWn '::}.30
r '-"s", n1:.<:.id Pat,m's occupation by Bhils kara Malls. For this rl.: ~ son, thl:lY 0518,)
prob<"'p .ly ~onspil\:ld to kill him. This is th9 r a 'e son why Jhangal Thakuri
Kaji, ' a l oynl S"~rv£'nt of Bb.:1sk~r:l. J.fa lla , had conc~aled .him a t Kindol Vil.i(,r,
whiL.: outwardly pr ,·tnnding thllt h, ~ hlld dorn so in orde r to kElcp him illlnun.1
from thi~ .::-pidcm ic. Bhaskaro Mal 18 s d~Dth soon on trl,s r .:; turn to tht> pn l ::c...:
'
l ud th.:; pfJopll:.: nlao to ·bolio:lvd th et h.:: . had ditld .. of tbe pl<'lgu ,~ . But i n J::ct
·ttlt-. r--Jal cause of tho Kine rs d8ath w ~ :f · somathing ~lsc:; .. as bi ll.WJ by FI"l"l.hr.r
Ilr. si d~ ri • , . .
, "
. . . .
J;.no t.h.o:r po1l).t rrflda. by falfbf;r. ·Desicklri is l::V6n more .intriguing. i'cc.;v~.! -
· .;i tg to him, BhaskDrc ~l::Ill1J 1 S m:n.blo:r as ~,;j l+ as rninis~rs bad .stolen ··muc h
'm:in..:y · from·th", ro~ri: l treasury wtwn he was e mioor, anCi, on coming of . ~~-... ,
h... imprisonbd his moth~' r (:nd p\llliSMd. bar . Dccompl1c~s •.;· .1;t w<lS at this t.ll!i"
thnt Bhaskaru .M.:iUD IS cuoon had ·given b i rtt ~ t o ~ sono-. T~ group "Uls"t h:.a
~,..n pWlish..ld by BhaskDN N.:ll.la t.~J;.;u "t.ri:..:a w. ~ssa.B::;inatd him With tCll;
Un llGht·U!.D t this murdur "liQuld lUDQ 'to his BUC~SBiop >y his n' ioOT son
<.:nd put.' .:lctual LJow0r in th",ir h:mds •. R..:.:..; lizirig ~llis onloi,,:wn of th..;s...;
roD, Bhllska r D N.3i.la kill.. d his infant 80n and llv....d s~parbtClly .from tb ~ .
qU&;"n. Hie' toon .::ruployoild Muslim stirvants for his p~r.sqtllll .safety. This 1/<!S
th\.i roason. why th~ liIowars had- turllJJd agtlinst him.· Th,;:! ptJop'l~ <!l:Ik.:rd mu
qU'JCln to I7lB intllin cloBU oontllcts with thu King end, th~r...8rter, rast: i ~l
r::VOi .t , in which tn:.;-y murderud. th9.I'luslim sdrvan~ pf t!"¥J Kl11g'" 1I.lthoU{;:;
th~l't- is Lack of ·.)'V idCln~ to Vl::rify tbe account. of Fath(;r I:esidari, Ull;!"'·.
:·l)pe:<3 r s·· to b~ ·sOmJ loO l emont of . trut\1. .).0 . i t • .BbI:l sj{aro Mcr lla ' s El ction .iJ;l .
~mplOying Muslims flS his 8tteQc!~nts must haVe) b~~n ci.sl.1k.:::d, b y qis; subJ·:ctB.
, .
CJ)nW ••• .
126.
. ' .. ~
It .1ght haw'- bea'n eaSY for. ihd: nbblametl Bt.- tha ti.m ~ to ' p~eant thi s AS a
central issue befor E; too"
PtI,,;, ple tn·. order tQ. gain t.httir sympCl t hy anti it ,/LS
ttwn natu1'81 f or the m to roOSpiN to ktll . BhlIskllr& Hallll •
•
It has bean m"nt1o ~d &bOV;3 "'~hat E~ask.a r.. ' Matlo had aasumaci thu ti~.I.'"
o f V1rllma hi.odra ·MIIJ.l.a (lB u, mark .of his 5UCC:;:SS in c~p turin G 6rl al<lphant..
"l'tl-.:t c»1n t.h llt wa"s iss'uad'in Potan "aftbr it's vccup8t,iun by Bh""sl(aru .M.<;.lu: .
in 835 ' Ni:lptl l. ~ r o "(111.5 A.D.) also ·bsa ra tn", same" nam~ . I.. moha r co in i flsu.,d
by h.im in 829 NUfi'J l ~ ra 0 .109 a .D.) has bOoJn disoovurt:ld . Ont: , sick! 01' t.hiS
c01n b~ars thl.:" n.!unB., ~r .J dyc. y1r.alll!lhi ndr~ Ma lta , wh.:i.l . . t n:.: o t h... r 'eo nt<oin ~
t.no '~rds aSri Sri Lok<inatha"o . .i.no t.hdr coin aa t....d 837 NtJpal ",ra
( 1717 /;.. 0.) c onti:l 1ns the! )Jords. 1 , on 000 S i de , snd uSimhodoJVF,1I
.:lnd ~ S ri Sri Sri K.:l;luna:neyan " on ot-her~ Bo~h ~h", sa coins wtlr~ 1ssuad
in Pctan unch:r th,~ ~co nd nBmtI of BhaskcrB Malla . Thie l eads on~ to W'") nd . .,l'
wh(l th~r tll·; nDII1'.: Bhasll::s ra fo1allo, which w.!I:s currl::jnt in Kat..hman du was oot
lil«: q 1n PatLln . This tl lso giwJs SOItlO i dea '·.!)! tht' uxwnt of :bost1Hty t htlt
.:xiswd ' bctwe
.., . . .. n th ,.~ two rhd st.. t.as of . .Kllt hntlndU. Dnd pnt::m · at that tilll.'. •
Bhaskar .:. Ma 11a d'itld in BhadriJ 842 . N"pa l era (August 1 ~'22' il.D.) .. hc r.:.::r "'; -
i ng tol ·tht: Vamsh :,v<! li s , ' his two qU~d ns., nnd t)lO of concubinus , ' b.Jcamo &: 1.1.
. . .' . . '
, . ' Being chlld10ss, 3hr'ska r 3 Mallo "'.:IS succatlded by. JDgajjayn MellD, tI !
Lii st.3nt c:>gn.:o t 'l re l a tiva . ThoI do not shad any light on wbo
J3gRjj aya K~ll B W3 S, or hQw his ho l d on thv thron~ . One rn ~ hnr
c oin o f' J~ajjEly::l M..~ llJl) dated' 858 Nepul era (1736 j ' • • D. ).bas bel:in f vWlu . Cm·
o!luli: " f this Ca lli c'..lnt ains the worJs "Sri Sri Jogajjoya Malul ll J whil... tht:
oth~ r s i de b ea rs th(1 wor<i3 tlSri Sri Mahipatindru l'kl11a ll , Hahipatinllra '.cl.!..!;" '• •
th~ real.. he i:r to Pratap f'1011a , but hEl W5B imprioo~d by l1 ~ip;mdra 'l1ull<1 It l.'':
~- I').lhiv..:nd:ra Mnll.:l in ord..:r to pruwnt him from bv90ming: Kwg . Lat...;r, ~.;.Jh l
'.pEltindra M.!Jllll Bs c:ap.3d from ·prison. J CoIgsj jaya Malt's was a desc\:Iooant ol
j'lt!bipDt1nd"ra Malla . Ha hed \X't:'.haps inscrilx; ': the;. nBlral of Mo:: hipa tindro h:. Li '. ,
~ :J fOWldo r of hl'S' dynnsty, in ni s moht::r coin i n or dar to show thut. h..J ha.~
tit.1~ t.) t.hd throlh;-. It suk.. coin d.!.l't-ad B50 tlopa1 ijr;J ( 1732 i. .D. ), b..1.J ri r ~
his n ame , has b.:!l:ln found . It Ql.So b..:ars "tbi; name of his 'quu6n, Kwnuciin ~_Q!.:tv ~
. : " . .. •
.
'l'ha po liticaL e Tcnts . \blch o ccurI'\:d during t.he N i g n of J £1gaj,jolYf.:l
l·b LL:.. ore mainly collflo.:ct ::'d. with /lifLsons . Two) ·sons, FiEljl:ndl'tl Pr4vSh ~(j{J
J:\:fo' ,P~k;)sh , h,::<J o,:","-n bor I:i .:W him · befo~ his f, cc.;,s.sion t o ' t hv t hronv .
4.i'u,r ·'hi.; b ao'tllW KmgJ ':S meN SvllSJ .Rojya ·'Prakash, N a I\mdrl~' Fr<Jk ~s h ano
Chondra Fraknsh, W(.:N· ·bor.n to him • .Rajo,;ndra P~kDS hJ 'the dd~st :so n, dh,Ci
in 851 Nepa l · ..Jr o · ( 1731 A~b.) .:, Jng6jjcY:T }OlDlltl was overwhelmed with gn.u f
e t hill' death . Tnt. 'OOtllbll:lIl1 f'r9m the hU l;re gion 'who had come. ·t o oOnB J 1.:..
Kin ~ Jagajjsya Malls to l d hin"tha t they did ·not lik6 his s~oo nd son, J zy3
r r ;,; k:lIsh Mtl lla . Th:::y propose'd to him that Rl:J jyll Prokash Mul lJJ, his thira
:3.>n, b u de clDred heir to t oo throne. The ir l! t ~i tude towards J uy,' Pri.kOs h ,
Gmt-d •••
woo bad beoore heir t o, t.hd throoo after Raj ~ nd~ Pra.kuS b .JWlls·!s· .4:W·at.b,
.naturally worried Jaga jjaya Ha ll.~ . At this vel')" t~, Chaodra Prekasb lioUs
.·bis yo ungest s on, sl..s(y di e d. Th;lB added to. Jagajjayt. Malla's "Worries, Wnl.Ch'
, .f'1n3 11y r o:>u lw d in hi.s doath in ~56 Nept;s l er n • .,(1736 .i...D.J •.
.. : '
,
J£lyD P;rekllsh ·Mlll'la a ccildtrd to t.h~ 1i.I;trore <& fWr Jagllj j aya MB1lDIs d..:atn .
: Soon a i't.ar ,his · accessio n to Uta throne, :~be· expl:l llc d his .yO"Wlgor bl'Othur,
: Ji.ejYc ,Prake sh Ma:U~ , who had boon · £.::! vored by the notobbs from t h~ hill
r !3giol1. Rajya prek.:ls h Y..:! lls moved to Pat3D.• wtlich was th..,n in the grip of
p J litical iristllb1:l1ty. F1nally~ King Vishnu Halle of Patan, woo was cf.lU d-
L :s s ,pro cla1..Jnad lkijya Prllka sh a s his · h dir • .In t.ho In'3sntiw, th<: group 0 pp ·Js-...d
t..J J~8 Pr<ok as h ·Mb lls of Kllt hmlm dU ha t c tlCd a conspira cy against him. 'Ih:ly
Suppo rted Nel'::ndra Prll k!l s h Mo Un, his ·Y0UDgEor brq thar, .:l nd procla1DkJd ih:i.11l .
tl S t he ruler of Sconkhu , Chdl:gu , GokarJlS, ~a nc:li g r am ll nd Ikopa tan. ~11th111 : .
19W months , howoyer, Jnya PrakDsh HallD. deiua t od . Narondrc Pr ak ash ·Ma lla
tn· 1:I ba ttle . Ns r !Jndr a Pr-Jk.!1sh Ma U a fled to BhadgQun , :,'h:.r<:! ha died a ftl;.r
.r. s ho rt whilD. ·Aftdr 9r ushing Nar .m dra Prakas h MnU .ll' s ntvol t-, Jllya Pr <,kl!3h
MaU D soercha d out And puut s ood all hi s supporte rs. Since ,tro0PS r 0cruita d
. from s lOO ng hllis~n had .!!' lI3o . oppo!l-~ d hil~ om supported thli rabals, Jay o
~ Pra ka sh Mn l1.s · r ais&d ol..'1 Co r l""Y C<' O: :..stlng solely qf IIitln from · the ·T ara! N[" _'.J a.
Taking adv ~ nt age of t hi s tnterne cine conflict in .KothmDndu, Kin g 'Ranaj i t
foIol l.o of · Bhadgaun tlccupiGd Sa~k hu p.nd Cbangu. ,
, '
Har dly Iuld tlk flam s -:It ··contlict that f o llowed in th-:. .waka of Jey n
P r.:llcas h Malla IS · acce s sioll t o t h>.! thronti ., . die
.
d '·out t han !;;JT ""'c l.lhu,a
. l "Shab <..'1'
;)a r kha inv...dod Nu"'B kot ( 1737 h.D.). "HoWdve r J Ju;, _ Pr Olkasn Y.a ll'l" Npul st.o u "l< .Ii::!
1.: l;ul"ck. This ;·invasion f ai1.ed as it wa s mt procedad by adlqua "tG pNpa r ,. \.l.' m . •
In 1744 [h Df, 8 years l .:lter, i'r P.hvi Narayan S b9 hJ son of ·NaraOhup.:l l St"::'I. ,
.i.n"¥.l:Id...ld ' Nuwako t aga in and o o C"_~ : :. .,' it . Jaya Prakash Malls laid."iliCI' blarni;;
. f lJr hi s ,j.:: f oa t tn ·t hi s w~ r · 001 th.~ commander of his hill army. H.. sent· t r ,:,o .I t,
l.Uldo r : the cOlTUl'lo:!nd of ~ a s hir £lm :Thapa ip .r(:loccupy: Nuwako t. ~his ·tiloo too h'_ .
~!as dvr ... .:lt& d, .:lnd· Knshiram ~a p ll ·Iled "to his hom.:.. a t Sipa _ Jay-a·, Pr<& kash
t-lto U a s uspoct ed · Kashj,ram Th~p~ to ·bave collabor a ted with Prithvt · Nar;:(y.:.J n
bnah . Thor-d·· i s ·nc. duubt t ha t. t.be Gorkhali s Md wcn :ove r all · bis hi.1.l of fi C'" .. :'t..
.J..ngal.'\..'d .by. t hoi r ci;) lluSid h witll the Gor khnli s, J ~yd · P~kash "'..a lla or d.Jn.: o.J
hi s 'l'orai truop s to kill B hill offi cer s , ,i ncl ud i ng y.,")shi.!'.::!m Tha pa . Tho~ t!
l;'JwClr nob l'~ s who ha d b,jtre yed hi m Wdl'f; 8 150 ~ xr.: cu:ted . Bhik hltsl Ka j i "W~ 'l .
·b... hollldod, \.'h ilJ::. T.:ludt\ik Kaji fl,oi:I U "to savd ,tu s 11.fe'• .
; . . ' .
The hil.-l 'and N03wi-J r of'iice rB ~gain :h~t~hOd. a ·plot· sga inst Jaya ' Prak(, s i.
HilUs. : DaYllvlItiI quicn of J ays PrLlkil:sh,
• '
also, join::d this conspiraCy. , nu.
e i m o f Ulo:jSEo conspirfltors wns to dc post: Jaya Prllkas h MaU..3 a nd proclaim
his , -year o ld son, Jyo ti Pr3kosh Ma l1.6, as King. They thought th&y wv l!l ~
be ab l l.: t o d o a nything th;)y l1ko:d in C8S0 a minor ocC"U pi,~ d t h..:; throne . 'In.::
, .. .
Contd •••
eommn,ipeOp19 . tOo' hod ·~·~.ne tire9 ;0£ .Jayc:; ~f~kasb MD.llsl S E:xcitable behn vlor~
Kslldlls of ""ratan was . (I.l~.o . sccz:~~ly h;4ping-: this : group o f conspirators. J.n<J 1
conspirOiiors ·Clsltt:ld ··Pdthv1. Narllyan ·s.nab. to attack KatturBndu. Gorkh.ali troops
ttti.:n occupiJo SlInkhu; Ch<.:ogu, Man3M ra valloi1 Y and th.", Cldjacant srCl8a. J C;i:.l
r'r!!kash "bUs pursoril!ll.jr comrn::mdl.::d tUs ..troops t.:) drivu out th~ Gorkhalis,
but 'h a was "dof..istud. 'Iti.~ Gorkha.li attacks had ca .U3cc. Much cunst.:.rnation
.:lllDnr( tbi:: '1nMb i ...ailts - ~'f K~~aU:. Thq wt:nt..:d ,that t he. Go rk~ lis soouL
ill no c1rcuni t.'nc. s be . allow~d ' to .:.nter intoO_. the vallo3y. Finally, the pvoflJ:,·,
l ... d by Kiti"g Rajyv Pra,k asti ~lli. ~f .Pa:tan, counter'- attacked .. tb.tI Gorlthblis.
~~ . n r;.':;11t,tb.a _Gorkh:: U s troops r etreated from fOlIl(; of tht) llrOOS occupl o:-,d
bi tbelll~ . prpb<1bly ' TIlovUd' £! cross" th..:: Hanabara riv~r. Thus thu pcopl.-. did
'Whilt K:tng Jaya Prriku.sh Malla had, f :;il<3d "to do • . This n.:n,ura lly l old to l:
Jol crln.:i . ~n the'jx:op l~ '~... 't'a1th. - int~ ~ing. ; "
"
" . -- ,
~L~"'fhe PradhanS- 0_£ P.:lt;Jn deposud RsnD'jit l'Idll.:l anJ Ncoguized Jays i'r~~";~
li:Jlla llS King of Pilt."m . t!IJw;)vgr, Jsys Prak.:;sh MrJl1a pWlished thCS.1 soli"i.s t'
Pr:..'dhllns·. ~ '" gt'V(; ·.:,vl1Elnc ..: of his blld talllP.sr in Pa tan E: 1so~ The 'PrsdhM ::-
of 'P,atl:in 'tho::n ' invit:.:,i DalE: m8r&n ' st.nh, you.'"lgur .b~o thl:lr. of Pri thvi 'N3 Ny ~\ {l
~h.al'l. . md proc'1.f!fmC_d him as th.:i::- rulljr.-· _ ' '
Contd •••
By this timo" th& Uorkb.alls· ood ttghtoIWd thoir grip on tho,1 whol....; of
t.hu va l1oy. Jay<J i'rak",ab. Malla OJntinu~d lighting ug~inBt t.he G0r kb.:: UIS •. '
i.t t.his time, Jyoti Prakclsh MallB, his ~on, d1C:Jd •. In Bh~dra 888
~768) , Pri t hvi i~craya n Shah entured Katbmandu. Jays Prakash .
p
PJt:>n, wb.tll'e h" wa s giv<:ln s~ltar by Tejanarasimhn Mall;) . Whctn Prithvi
i'b Nya n Stwh occll(Ji..;d Plltan as' ~U, J tlyc Prakesh Jol.&llaflod t o Bbadgaun.
In Bhcdgaun, .l'li;:: _sustained bullet injUries. Ha diud la~r at .6Uya ghat. '
/;cco rdlnglyf'-w g~ant you PtJrm1s ~io n to· car ry th,'! bride in a palcnqui:1
in the same way· as . in the three towns.
Co
••••••*'*11JI.'~'~'H'H',*'
130.
...
'. Privile ges Of. ·Gumba In Kugu
•
"1'0 Lt • .Colonel Owijamao 510gh Basnya't -ot the ·Jumla office.
T...nz1.ng N:Jrbu Lama, Utkuo Tsund10g Lama and Ut.k(:n Gyanzing Lama,
I'I;sid,;, nts of Mug u ' .• Juml .:.: , h -'l va s ubm1t.wd tho foll owing p..;t.it.ion 'to to.;
K!): ushal Ot!'ice:-
Conro •.••
I32 •
~estion: Tbat is th<;l 1"t>al thing. As long liS Nep<11 did ·not min.t coins of
its own,: it had to depend upon Indian· coins .. LichchhBvi inscriptions· ref:..!r
to KarshapElna, Pana, Pur~nll and other coins. But only copp;.r coin.s called
Pa na ·llre i.' vailable. 'Iba· oth<Jr coins seem to ha.vE: reached htlre· as a result
. of .coritaCts .wi th· India.
•
Answer: Thbt is. whllt th~y· say. But tbi:t Kushl:lnt.ls did not real.ly come before
that. Mahaysnn comrrenced only aiteI' 78 A.D. · How then oou.ld ci-vilizlltion
come ·before that year 1
MusUms and other foreigners C8mU to India for 1ts W8<lltb and
.l.Or other obje ctives. Hbat rnotiw prompted the Kushanas to COlD.:! to
Nepal 1·
134.
J.nswar: Just
.. -.
....
,
- ~
Tb" tt:rrain wes marshy li t. mat. t.ime. BlcphDnts could sink in t.hs :
Begm3t i and t~ hbnohara rivers. i6opl~ crossad t.hcSd rivers on bo~t.s.
'!ha y uSood to ma1cv boat.s, witllout :which thbY could not · cross tho:i J3agmott.
Thuy had nolcessary , tools BS w... !l as wood for this ·purposa.
YeS, that is trw. When tho Kusbana s arrived 'here-, ·they f.Jcldd tha
of langUEl g(~ . They some bow manag ed by USing thd languago:: of signs.
'lb''Y had not CODK- to Nepal along with thEo: ir wivos. Ratbdr, th.::y marriod
local wanen. They then had ch11dran J who Wbrnt 'their motoors· t.Ongu~;
Evon while lar;rning tbe motheP-tongUt;:', thuy blld to · s ..,~ k thu help of· int,)r-
pr ~ ters. Th·. LichchhllVis, who camo lawr, spok:s in tb ... Newari l engu:lgu .
Did rot Manadeva spe ak in t be Nttwqri langlSgu ? He USGd to tslk in thti
Nawari language and e ven take the ntillt of buffaloos. .-
,
~aation: You .SlIy HGnadevlI used to spuak in th~ Nuwari language and tDko
tha me at of buffalo.· . Is this mere sp~ culation or do you havo hist.oricDl.
avi~nc~·to prov~ it ?
Con td •••
.135.
l\nsw" r: Lot US makd no m<;Intion at all of the: ~1l1 V!'\msh3v ~ li. Tnt: Ol CCOunt
of eVents s'u pposddly preceding tht:" rul~ of lklg vaa :; v :~ J as given in "th..:;
is not Nl1aDw a"t all. "Onl,y th", :1'C COuntS of ValshYiJ "
rul£ of t.h .. successors cif Rllghllvadovs, who initi£,"t,o;;d
th.; ere, ara r~l1abl.;.. to B orn" ~"xwnt.
,
, "th", origin of thoo term "Nepal'" ?
Q\1G1st1on; W"iat "is your, opinion r.agsrd1ng
, .. Contd •••
~.
,
The tru~ b . that . tha ',word New8 r has been repleced -by lIN.flpal".
_"Newal" was substitutod by Nepal 1n thoa"coursu of ilia usa of
th~ Sanskrit language •
•
__ Quastion: Can you a ffar er.~. partlculbr meaning. of the term Nepal 1
.
Answer: No, I can't.
.. .
QussttOp1 WhlL8 tbe names of several ~ountri e s hnve changed, that of -
Nepal remains unchanged. It thus seems t o us tha t this name has SOU\€
spe cial masn1ng.
. .
l;nswer: No, I don't think s o . (Once a word is incortJ-)Nte.J intiJ San :.krit,
it n0ver changes.,
;,jUestion: YUB, IIYupagraana ll is . th~ Sanskrit namo for · IIYi:ll.a". , You hod pub-
li $h~ d an articl"" in Arp DO, in which you appear 'Co have trie d ' to link
the Nyarwa ca sw with tl." rle war community.
~s~r: Yea, that la the CBSth There is a community called Nyarwa~ ·. lt ··· is
oo"t I coined the ,word Hyarwa. This word is actually mentioned in a book
about "th~ Rikutin community, which forms a part of ,the Bho~ . communlty~
J~ccordlng to thi,s book, tho Bhow cOIllI!1unity has three castas J who lIrb~ ,
in turn, divided into 12 categories of Tomangs Bnd 18 ~ub-ca8tes. kneng
thtt 18 sub-c ~ stes are Tantriks, who ar", 'divided into 3 sub':'castos. Mmong
theS·3 sub-cas t e s .:Ire Magars ." od Gur'.l1lgs. O n·~ of them i5 8 -hybrid (half'-
C8StG) of an .unidcnti.~1.ed .community, tha second is the ' hybrid of Bramans
and KBhetriyas, and the .tnir.9 is , thot of N<.!wllrs. 'Ibe ot.ru,rs do not come
w1 thin tha .12 sub--caC5tes of 'famangs. 'l'fu: dc s cribi.; d in the book
~ s t ile hybrid of: N~ars. H~wever, i f e es k~ d D.bO'.l t this, h"
would call Nyarwss Newers. The Tamangs say that tt;;!y freel.Jl estnblish
matrimonial relations with NysrWas. This shows that Nawars wielded consi-
derable influl- nce at that t,lJW too.
Contd •••
137.
~~~~7 !- During the LlchchbZlv!. pilriod, & ,n skrit was th.;, statu
~a '._ at that ti~ Dl'O found to be writwn in tnis langu ~ge.
HoW€vi:lr, the of llt)'.h.': ' ,tt.ao "8D:' of too vil1.flgos or pl~ces J hills, rooun-
t~ins, ~t c; are der'!.ved fron -too dialocts of .th~ Kirat;s taiil,1ly. Umbtlti.
Stharu. Shitllli, NupU!.:. . 16, Thilntl;'nri, l;Iospring, Jolpr:\.ng, ·Pr.:lngprirlg·-'nnd
Du l p r ang): th€. well··kllOWD 3ettlOo,'m«nts of ti.a t tim-:l, ara Kirllta ilami;)s. Sine.;
thas,~ na"lI\::!;I WIolre in us_e lori"g befo-ra th,l vntry 0.£ the Licbohhavis into the
valley, th8y left ·-t hcse -.moh:::tigod. Similarly, the rour l;ldm\nistratlv~
ufficF.:5 (Ildil:;'ko!"ar.Dj referred to p.bov...· appa:<r to have be<ln .cr G'llte<f-dul-ine
th~ Kirate p~riod) SiUCCl thGy bear K::,rat.a names. A DUM:: .. ~r t "XOE, lov!.i.lS,
(labor 3;.ah~tiol:S) <Jrod govi:lrnm..·nt posts hod also Kirata ns!!).)s. 'f hDt
cont.j.nutld to"' hnVfI a plactI at ' the court of t.b:= ' ' Kings
is prov<::d lll"so by !I st.on.. ir:sc;:ipti0n. inst!:l llcd illllStlU_
varm8 , Nct'.:r:.t.ly discover.:;.! ilt !ianll."1k'"ln Dhok3 Too the
Pash~~i ~\,\!"!I na, ,; tc also !'efel' to thti- p:o!t'tcrn
orth<i K-iHl "t ,,:;,.l .2.I;l abo' ·-..) ' qwstions ware usk.:.d in light of DU this
r.istorica:;' e!7id~no.!c. '
Caste Status Of Mecbes
,
... ., - . .-
'.
, , To KhSjalcb1 Sbha 'Prasad -A.rjyal.
.,
Greetings. People bdonging to th ~ l1eche community in the TarBi region
of Morang district take pork, chicken and buffalo mEltlt. So for, water
toucned
,
by thorn has not.. . reeD uSed (by p,",opw belonging 'to ' bigth:lr cas'l;;f;:s).
In "- 1911 Vi~~IIl~ (1860), ,:"h'l:!n wo;.: '.'isitad Morang, Chaucihari Ujir <lnd
other pdrsons' belonging .:to th~ Keen", conmunity snbmittod tM foi.lowl.ng
pc: tit.ion to us: ' .
TI1o:: petition was rtJforred to th.:! flhsruda ri !lnd KausbQl erfi.cas. which
arrived lit th ~ following, OOcision:
1011111/1111111111111
,
( 1) From King Rajandra,
,
To Subedar Hikmat Adhikari.
For Chak and Chakui offenders, the rlltes of fine were ss foll.ows:-
.. .
·r Chak Chaku1to.
.
For Cbokhe castes ... R, S to Rs 20
"
Rs Sto Ra lS.
For Ibm castes , ,. ' : Rs S to Rs lS Rs \ to Ps 12
"
The lo!:al people have now repreSl8nted to Ksji Harsing Thapa that these
d.:.ys Bhardsrs and JiJlUll,!lwsls are acting in contravention of thdSd regula-
tions and were not permitting the reck:mption of enslsvEld persons. 'l.'h&
mat'tsr has been referr.ed to us.
Brahmans shall bo:i exempted ~rom forc!3d ~I:t m-ip-a id lBbor (Jhars, Bath,
Eagar) obligations~ -" -. ._- .
, ,,'
Khasas and Magars shall frari Cbak-Chakui -fine'sj thei r es c ,k-Bl,
tx;. eXflmpt
prope~ty (Moro-aputali) shall also be dxempt (from acq"dsition by
the State). '~- -"
" '
From peoplf;j belo'n ging 1;.0' other Strudr8 castes; :tilt) Amcili shall appropri~t~
Chak':'C1"!-~kui :!inas at th~ fa Howing rates:-
Chak .. , Ra 15 '
Chakui ... Rs 15
, . -
(Ku_riya) shali not be evicted ff.clrli 'tho;l"ir homl..:st6sds, or' from
the dry (Kl'ior1ya) lands cultlv~ted by them • .
. .' -"
,
(S. B. Maharjr:n).
. .
&gmi Rcs~_ arch (Pr1vat.7) Ltd
Ktlttm.~ r. d u : August 1, 1913.
Edited By
Mliihesh C ~ fiagJlli.
111111:11. It It
• Contdtlts
Page
icO'n t;"";.d)
lilt 101l1li
•
9'ioS tion:: '"Whtci.h dYIJ.osty did \lImshUV~& bel ong to ?
. -, ' ,
I ' ." . . . .
kns..ror
. :' Has .not
...h~. assW!k)d ' the tt tlo, .of 'BM t ~r.Bka · ?
. . • • • I
'.ruestio ni ' Nonc or" his insc riptt6'ns ha's .d,: scrib~ cl him·as BhlittD r aka, It
ie (.Inly I n t ur lr~;'cript1on3 that havo· given him this t.itle . Why dla not he
· reside .fn the Jo1anagriha palaco . Haj pe belcngEld to the Lichchhavi· .dYl}.lSty ,
ho would have 11ved there. '
1.nswerl H'iw coul d ttbJ 'L1cbchh3vi~ d"W~~1 ~1~· · ·l-.anaBribll. ·Thc:y ·Dover did' $ ,;."
·- . . .
. .' . ' ' ' i
S'J.lils tlon : Ma no en. ,
ha came into oO!xi s t enca from Manodeva .• The r \.lya l or oors
of BasantadevB , GQl'l adova ::Hld ShivDd&va stata ·tb, t they w\;:ru issued frum
· .H anagrihll . . .. :: -
Contd ••.•
, .
Answer~ Manadevn did not live in Manogriha. Mahideva W~B expe lled wi thin
ono ye ar after th.e deatb.of Manl.ldeva. Tht;n thE 5,.·,n -: f Mah1deva was brought.
from Daksbtnakoligrama Bnd placed on t~ throne. His sister, Jaya Sunduri,
was f orcibly mllrried. Just as Jung &!hadur married "iho daughta r of the sucond
prince, he was kopt in .M Bnagriha. Then h~ was made a captive King. · Manaduva' 5
residence '... :If. l ocat ed in DakShinakoligrruna. He never lnovcd · from t.nare. _ . .
Questiom 'Iba Vamshavalis stato that Manadava constr ucted. Mt:oClgri he.
Answer: Mall3deva constructod one building in his · Kingc om. Shlvsdeva too r.Dd
built a palace calLed Shivagriha. Th~re is·no refer ence to this fact in
stone-inscriptions. Howe ver, subsequent ;"'ritings r e:."er t o · ShivagwalastM..ne,
t ~ , s huvar ma ha d conBtructo3d a bUllding .· in . the nane ·of ShivadevB. Shivagwa l a
rei;; rred to this Shivagriha; Did Shivadeva Bctually'·'live i n · this buil.jin ~
beca use it.was D8ltD d after him 1· No , he did not . It wilS just named aftoJr
him.
Qu~stion' But the stone-inscription ~ inrlicata c leB r~ tha t th~ . 1ichch hDvi
Kings who r ul ed bdore ;·l,:.. ::'i':ndra duva lived in Mnnagriha. 'Ibo ston<l-inscri~
t ions l~ft ty Dhruvadeva and J ishnu Gup ~a dd scriba them as residonts of
}r.anagriha and. Kalashkuta · res~ctively. Thi5 also lunds weight to: tha vic;w
tbat the .throne ·was l ocot&d at Manbgriha~
courSl:l, tlw 1ichchha vis we1'o kept at Mc.n" .,.. ~ ha. But l a ter ttwy
from the~. Th.;y wart:! kept at J-l.llhagrinn so that th~y might
as prisoners.
Qu~~tion : A slight change appear s to nave occurre d during tho rul~ of Amshu~
varms. After ha captured full power, and af~~ the abdication of Shivad3vs,
AmsI'l.uVSl1I\& procl.a~d .Udsysdevn, El 1ich.Qhhavi iJrincc , as Cr own Prince
(Yuvarsja) with tho obje ctive of piacing him 0n "!;hc thronu ~ Provio"usl.:f"i~
there di d rut exist any pr.actiee of milk ing suet. . proclanati on. No stone-
inscri[ltion cQn~:\.ns any re:teren
. . ce tu a ny Cl't;wn ¥rince.
~
..
Answer; rt ' is· essential to know ' facts about Rupavarma i r. ":) rJer t o km"'; wh,:
J.m.shuvorrrn w3 ~ .Rupe varma was a Mabasamanta o.r-Koshanu (gwala): No ·sk,nt;-
r insc;ip ~ion of Rup~varmais available. Bu~ a stone-insc~iption instal led
by Chandra Shamsrer refllrs to Rupavarma;· It: mentions:: the year 205· .5.iUny.Qt,
but ·this is wrong. 'Ibe Efctual · date ~s 505 Samva t.
,
Qll <JstiOn1 ... seal of RupaVDrmB. ·has b6co foUnd. It i s in thld · Kutll.a script,
'fhic h appears to have been in vogue aroun;;;' 205 . . .
C·)ntd •••
.' '.
143.
belong ~ till:
Qu.:::a n: YdS, it i s a n ollrt han set') l. But thd scri pt cbes oot
peri od of _hu van".:- .
o f Jaya qe vD :lnd
QUl::lstio n: 'B ut .thi s i s tue ura mun tion-.::J in tile insc ript ions l ast..ed ,j04 ·
hlld
hi s :;ucc e s so r s . SWllE·tita ntra also conf1rrns that this ",ra
It is thus q ~jJl' r~ nt
ye a r s . In scri ptio ns of ':IF to 207 ' SDmvat have boon foun dis. accu rate .
thot thl3 yea r 2% ~n tWn.. J · in th~ ab::>ve insc ript ions ; ,
question: How can we call him so when he had equal ruspect . for Buddhism
and otho;tr re ligions 7
. ,.. ; :
OJntd •••
116 • .
guestion: Thb maY ,be trua to 8~ extent~ ,Another point worth no":,'i~ ab'lut
l\.: Is huv<'!rma is that the inscription of Shivadevl'l l OCllted . ~ t C!v,t>ag':un ioea
oot mention Amsbuvarrria . .
Answer: This
. .is' not correct.
.'
NO,. "the i~scriptlon does nOt. m~~tlon Amshuv~nn8. It only -mentions
By ,that
. tilOO, Amshuvc. rma had rot CQI!I:t into 't he · picture •
fol.";'<I8r t The i1).lIcrlption i!l damaged. '
ilns~r i 'this inscription "was 'not in.5talled during the rule of "ADlsnuvarma.
1listoBd, . i t shO\!lc! oonta-i n the nllma of Bhawnagupta Abhira. It is possible
that
,-
thtJ PQrtion of the inscription
' bearing
. biB name has broken.
QUdstion: 'I'his i s no t conti ct . A study of t.he content.s of th.ls ins crip tion
~:':)Ul d pr , 'I'~ that Bhaumagupta bad basn o verthrown by that timo . Tha roll::
p laye d by lImshuvann& in the history of the LicnchhaYi period .appear s .. to b ~
a little atrange . On the one hand, be S80lUS t o have gradually gained··t he
confidence of the peopw and 6 ventuelly becolOO P.aha r ajadhlraja . On the
oth er, he was fu lly loya l to the Lichchhavi dynE ~ ty . &I did not want that
his own dynD s t y should :M..lla in Nt:lpal . E(; ;:" l"'Oclaimc d Udsyadevs J . 8 LiChcbh<l vi
Prince, es YI;.Vtll" D ~<l . He want.9d 'Udayadeva to succ:?e d biJn. Thi s is' tno 'ree son
llhy J ishnugupta on.throne ~ -' ~1ma r jUll8deva, deacri".< ng him BS a person bcl'HlC-
ing to Et ruling dynasty, :':. oI"dilr to snow that be t :lO r.< d put 0 Lichcn.' l.3 vi
prince on the thront::.
_wN,.o" .' .:rB;tisumaguPtll ~hira, who i.'l: talled . the image of N~ray~na recl1n-
.' .had oven becoroo Bh.ettarakl:!. But he: lator c~e , t o grief. He
then renlized th!l t 'he could rot get along unless ho put 13 LicbC~ avis' on
the th!"(;{J ., . ..
Do you have aoy evidence c.tt):r then the fact '.)f U9s yadcva being
aa Yuvaraja to provoJ that l\:,!> _"vnrma WllS a Lichchhavi "; '
.pqntq. ", •. ,.
' ' '. ,
-.
",. . .
lm.swer" There is anothe r po1Il.t~ .'BuddhElk:irtl, ' whq ;hes writte n an"account of
the Uchchhavi dynEsty,nas given an account of t.~~nchhavi Kings onlyJ not
of others.
The abova-mentionild 5nscl'iption of' - J~~dova' doas not mention '"
no-r does ·tt can'tat,n any re£e~en~ to o ther rulers. Ratb.:lr,
u"scription appears to have been instslied with the so'le objec-'tiva
of rec o unt.il~g glQry of tht:l Lichehha vi Kings; It 'is therefore n atural
that it should no t have lIEIltiolll3d . Jomshuvarma.
is
no difference t e twean Ve n D and Deva. Udayade va wes
No, ther€.-
call~d Udayav£lrma • . A purson 'W 03 called VanTl<!, <l s "long as hu diJ
not or Crown Prince. Members o f t~ , princOl¥ family of Udeyapur
£Ire all I I. But when anyone asconds tho throrn , he 1-a cullod Ran.:! .
There wer<:l rosny Vannas at that tim:il. hnsbuvarma '5 own nephew, wr.o 'tic ': :,
. MahasBm<:Inta, was 8 Varma. · I do not recall his name.
Question:. :Amshuvprml!- was ona :0£. t hcs'3 Ra~ e p ut re8. The Vamshavelis cont ain
a r af e rence "to ' th", " O'bd lc lI tio ri 01.' 'Shivtidaw . ·'Thi s. point t,..,o merit s "o~
con :3id<-r at ion . Ono ins cription r l:ifars to Shr1 Shivadeva Vihara . Dv~s this
mean th at Shivedavs had N nounced t he W)rld Bnd I t''d .:; n as <:u tic lifo , 28 s ta ted
in t hil Vamshava l is 'I , ,
«nswer: Dllli Raman Rt,gmi clDims th at tbo.. 25 .Pur8Jln.$ h.ad bat.:n allOC.:::l t od
f or t ha King. I s.. there <Iny re f or~nco to th is anywh<1l'C '1 . . . .
. .. . .. . ~ ..
, '
. ( Ta )3e .Concluded)
..
MII IIIIM IfUMII .
.- D15gU1S'ed English Travellers In Nepal And Tibet l
ay
Mahash Raj P.3nt.
\foolen shawls woven by K£lshmiri waavtlr8 wtlre in great deinanci in tht= whole
of India, as w~ll as1n . Pe~in anu England. The attention of tho lSas't. l nui.:!
2 .. . .
Company was . tharQiore ,. " . towards th-is f1eld.
drawn' ,- '
In 'i 83 t Vikrama,} Govarnor-Ganer£: L \is rren Has tings of the E'as'C India
Con:pany had sent G.3orga. Bogl e to Tibo::t as his envoy..) to procure specirr••ms
ot goats and. shecp who S i. wool was suitable fo'r . thl;! manufacture of stlaw!.s.
Salluol Tu.nler, . who bad be.::n sent on El similar Ni!ision by Harren ' :-Ia stings
in 1840 Vikrama, was aole to bring soma goa ts and , she~p a l ong vi. ·:; '·\ ', i.:, to
Bf:lngal.5 But the anilllals could not withstand the. hot climate ~' f ~a l...:,;.tt.: · ·
Thoy sh~.d their wool,. and tt.e ir skin star~d cracking. Turne r then sl;mt
th(~ animaL t o England, w h~re ha though t th~ climat.tl -"'o u td prove IIlOrc
8u1tabk. But the anima l s could not bc =:tr !' joU:-nr.' 1 by sua ':l.nd SO 'diuQ on
1. Mah csh Raj Pant, 'IEt,palsanga Ladain ·Kholnu Agh1 J.Dgre j haruta .Gupt.a Bh':'S~~
GSl"3ko Nt:!pal-Bhot Bhromon ll (Tours of N(lpa1 ond Tibet Unddrtak~n in 0is-
guiE., By Englisl}!!'Idn Before The Launching 0.£ the War 'vlith tbp<" ',) . i',!rni.r.!'
26 J Shrawon 2029 (July '1972) , pp. 67- 88 . -
~. !bid. pp, 8- 9 , " ... "to s,,;nd ona or mar c pai.rs 0 t th.:: ani1nl'ls en \1.",d
ifus , which produc~ the shawl woo l. If by a dooliiJ, chairs, or r:.;o.j
other contrivance they can b·.o s'.. curt":C lea.., t. h., fbt":.guc S and hazaruS '
of the way, th.:. e:xp.;::ns .. s is to bl: no obj..,ction,U Thi s i s an excerpt
from Warren Hastings' lcttor to G<:Iorg", Boglt:.
Contd •••
such a nifD<.lls
thd way. Subs~qu·' nt1y, 'Turn er mad!! othe r a t krnp ts to Sf:lnd brso d Tibe tnu
to Enli: 1,md , but . u i.tho ut. S "'C:~E1 S S . The ci:Jsi rp. of Ha st1r
€s to
goa t s and $hef;lp in
Indi a · in &le land for th~ p;'od uctio n 9f sh~wl woo l
0&
r ~ma 1n~q unfulfill~d . · .
thus
F..n ~ "!..:lnd t o
In 1856 Vikram<l, inst ruc tion s W';N s ~.nt. t.u C:ll cut. u f l'OM ufao turu of
tnu man
send sorns ·goa ts and sheep , whos~ woo l was sui~b1~ fo r . '
shaw l s , . fqr . purp os,.s of bN.: lding ·7 1.
.' . , .'
ntld · t.rdl ty wi th T~b;; t. and th~r tlby . ob ...a in;)d
In 114 1. Vikrllll1a, Ladakh .sig D
lb~ t. &rc han ts f rom
a monopo ly in th e impo rt of. s.t.........l. wool from "was t?rn ·l'
'th", Lada khis . 'ib. ..
Kashmir ru>d a mono poly in thtt purc hns•. of s':c h w-::lo). from
othij r prov inc..,.:> or Indi a b.:.d 'thus no s harv _:1 t h.. !>hcw l woo l t r ade )'
Of Th", Royal ,,!:i.:. tic Socie..!:l , Nos. : 1-2, 201$ Vikr ann ( 1.;i;'8), p~ . 38 .
10,. · Hugh PQf.lrs, · 2£.~ ill., p~ 67; John Pi:lmble,op., '::i t. , .p •. 7·0 .
13.- Hugh Pears, ',££ .. clt .. , pp. 53-SUi John PembL.;, £E. cit." p. 4')..
Cont.o •• ~
lSl •
. J..!ti.:r Nowab S3dat. 4&11 of O'loh s!m·-d a tr,:ll ty c ')ding half of hi s s t .'H ..:
to 'Uli.. E~st I nd i n CorrtJony on }:o r 6o . 1, J.858 Vikr~'mDJ Ba:n , Hly w£: s llnth: X !tJ
t·o t h., dominions of " t h,: East India CoClpeny GOV'-'l'llDlJnt • .iJJ 'l'b,:. 'r 9volt which.
st.orted in B~NUly ' in to,,; winte r of 1.862. Vikrbmtl had bBi!n crus.~d by Haidl,) r
Young HEIlIl'SUY.1.5 . '
. . ' .. \ , "
In Baisakh' 186,5 VlkrflllS·, · thu East· Ind1.:l Company d"'putt:.a Cllptll1n H':&r'-
sey, Captain R:Jper' and Cupta ln W3bb to th.. . SOUl'Cu. of thol Ganga riVur.
LOCDW '
Mt",r tra ve l1ng thrOllgh Hardwtir, ' Ildvaprsytlg, .Sr1n".g<lr, Karna.- Prsysg, Nanda_
h . . yDS , JoshiJl'l/!th, a1 drina t i' J ,:t.c . f or three months, thoJoo e xplora rs arrivl:ld
:'I t th,"" co nclusion thEt "t h'i so urcs ' of t h,· Qangn l ay at Gango tri . Th..: English':" "
. men l:":3d obt-ain.:d permission from N,;,.p": -~o r uncbrt., kinl; p _ to~ of tn.~ St·
9 18008, whi c h w",n..- th..rn situa t ·.a in:s1dc: th", SVlt \; o r r1.op!.!l . l .
In 1866 Vilcr rurt.! , till;! & st.. Iodic:;. C"mPo:IIlY 's \; nt. .Hl:Wrs t:,y to b tt:.ock Bran_
lfIbdoo b;o\l 'in K.:.nchnapur }.LB in th.:. 'lard of N.j~H:. l .: Tb... E!lst- I ndib Cor.tPQQl
had sold th~ 'l'r. r Di wr .r:itory \.0 Ouah nft<.r ~£~ 8t1ng N<.J ~l L"l l. L~ '.; " r.L9
14. Mah... sh 'Raj Pant, IIN r;plI l_lmgrej Yuddhako 7"'ys ri. ' f (Prup.:lrations For '
the N."p Cl l-British W~r), PurnimE'i . 2, p. 75'•
. .
15. Hugh P.:.nI;'S,!ie. " ~", ' p. 52 .
20 . MDhesh R!lj Pant, "Bir Bbakti Thap!lll (Th;: 3 rav.; Bhakti Thape), PurniJIl<""
14, pp. \49.lS4.
. .
21. On Kartlk 12, :1.861 Vikramtl, Ne pal d.;fodStcld , King Prad~ Shah of
Gllrhw31 and oceupied that coumry. (Purnimll, 14; p. 154). fredyumna
5lwh flad, but was kilwd in tn.: n£"xt ba ttl .. (which hi, fought Witti
t.ht:~ Gorkh!! 1.is ). His brothtl r, PritEm Shnhi, ws ceptur·, -:j by th!i Gorkr.,;, 1l.5.
(Ibid, pp . lS2 - 1S11). Th,;; s,. c:mc ,:: :l ttl,;: :::'~ d b .. .:n fODi. :: t in 1862 Vikril!l::"
This will boco~ c l.; ar from 1.1010 docurrz;nt.s pubHst"Bd i n 1:.1"11:; itug:.li
&.tsearch So;;rids, €dit~d by M!>h",sh Ch,:,ndr <. Ro:igm. , Y"dr J I l~o . 2,
F<;!bruary 1, 1911, pp. 46-41.
. .. ,
Troops held b.".",n sdnt undc.r tno ,. COIlllli:iOO Jjf Kaji i.mar Sirnhc 'Ih;)p<.I
(s<::nior) to a;;taelc Gsrhwal • .His. chief ilasistont.s war .. Kaji Rll neonir
B3sr,yat end Subba H~stada1 Shah. (Purnima, 14, p.L50) . Sine" tht-s ::. -
two p~roons hed differ(',neos with Kaji .~r Sirma Thllpa, Ran<l:dhir Bus-
n,yst ws repl.EJcad by Surabir Khat-d, Khatri cmd
Ihsnnl<:a r KhOt-ri.,
snd Hsatad.eL Shah by ChandrD.bi~ Yonw9r . Y ar ) ,
no . 2, p. 47). ilCcording t o tha r
took part in tho l£st batt1.:: of 14, pp . 1;.> 1-152 ! :. ~.
shows th.at th<.l 111st bDttle of Gllrhwal in , 1.66? V1kr ~ m;..:. .
22.- Purn1ht8, 14, pp. 153-154; Papers RFspecting Tb:; N('pal Wllr, 22... .s!!:-.,
pp. 250 and 270-21L.
p'" Hugh Pears, .22-" m., pp. 58- 60 ; Rohul. SankritY<Jyan., Ga rhwa~., p. 2)6 .
Contd. ,. ; ,
153.
£arly in the 19th c t'l ntury 'ltkr~'ln3, Sbivadi:oV2, born in t~ Joshl dyn.:lsty
which had b o,~ n . Jotnil.;;: ting t.h", t.. f I :;.irs 0." Kumaun since th.::· 11th contury
Vikr':' llIiI, had ' oocoml:l llll-po'W..;rful of Kumaun by v1rtu~ of 1"';.5 brav<2ry. How-
ever, in th~ tusslo for. power, he was 6SS6ssil¥;tc d by hi::. riva ls in 1821
lJikrruna; His foes, how~veri be d. not succeed<~ d in tc t -; lly Q:. ~.'·; ~n1ltin g ~,h.,
inflUt;oct:: of the Joshls. This ",xplBins ~hy tho;, rdns of administr !l t~ ('l.
waro 1n th~ hgnds 5.o~times of Harshe devll Joshi, son of ShiVlld.:.Vll, !Illd
somf:itimas of his fo es. FillllllYJ Harsh.3d<:v~, Joshi was driwn out of KUlIItlun
by his oppoh~nt. HB lBt-.:r join~ d the- Gorkhali troops who w;:.r.,. planning to
corqu""r kumaun. In 1847 '/ik,'{ " ")) t h,: Gorkh~~ U5 cOl¥l.ueNd KUIIl£\:un. Hershll.-
dov<l J oa hi wantud. to bv com , :..nt; ruL r 01 I.l,;., moun hims",lf 1n co nsidc r ll tion
o f t h" h<.: lp which ho had !;iv~n to thd GOrkhaiis. How~ V8r. th ,,, Gorkhalis did
not oblige him and ' this lad to e rift b .:t~ ",n tht. two sid'Js . Ha r s hi::ci-;lva
J oshi t..h€in join;d PDnds with the enElmi(ls 'of the !,j,:.po l O<) v,,· r :Jn-., n~ . He: .Jlsu
becene M accomplie<:l of thoa Englishmen' who 'I-!'!rt: -:.i.m making $Ocret p I\:. p~ _
rations' for 8 w!lr again'st 1l~pal.24
Both N':'plll cnd Chin<l had .:l skt:d f or 05sist.onc e from the f.dst Indi<i
Company during th:t1r WZlr in i849 V1k:r<lrra .25 But n.;;it.hu N..pal .nor China
r tl ct:lived any e id from t~ corr.p 3ny.26 It r ... m-d.n.:- d n~ut~l bt:':c.:.usu it ht- d
cOll\llklrc121 relations with bo th rhp, 1. ena China. 27
Th", :!:ast I ndia Corr.p:my, 's ft0r i t s iar~d ruling Ind:l&J bt:': gao to illlPdrt
military training on ' to"" w:.:: stara moddl t.:l th::. Tiv-ngas (i.i:!. inhCloit.;.nt.s
of- TS11anga doSh-) in Madrns anci: lntJ;'OdUcad th,., E;u r o~.' ,-' ~'1 system tJi" r l>crui til15
24. Badri Datt [l hn9'. , Kumaun K,J Itihas (History of Kuma un) . pp. 258-4120-
Chien-1ung, who \.: S llngry vi th tb,;" EngliSh; sunt rtcCartnoy from Chin:J
soon.35 £S a r:.sult, MoCartnoy's mission to Cbina did not y:1hld tb..:J ex-:-
pec't:.ed rdsults. 36 '
'lh oOl party of spies did not trawl through, thaln8in rout<:, but psss(:Id
through e· place named . lohSwa in Garhwal, where i t m1xCld w1 th pl4.,rims
travelUng 'to andrinath. On arriving llt Joshilnath, -it li;lft th... rout~ to
Badrinath, and headed f or Tibet throu'g b Painkharid. 'l'he Jimldar of ·Garhwal
came to kmw of this snd rl:;portdd tho m<lt.tar to thu local Thanadar as
well ~5 to the loc~:l comrrtlnder of the Ne p,Jli t"ro-ops , Subc,dllr Ratnf'_ 31mb!!
.Rana.
Cha,u tara Slim Shah, lldministrator of Garhwal and Kurnaun, who was stU.f-
1ng qt J..1n1ora. wa s <llso infonned that Englishmen; disguis<;;id as mendicants,
bad go~ to Tibi:lt. t hro ""l gh Garhwal. H~ sont a l"tlport in lohis regard t o
Kathmandu.
On . J;:: stha 24 ' (June 9), Moorcroft ,me his 'pllrty 'reachOd . tru.' Himblay<1U
are!! .of Niti, ~ich waa situ",,*,d 1.8 milt:s nortt-enst of Joshimath and
adjoined tb .. Stata of Garhws1.. L.6 TOOy asked t h,- r ul e r 'of Niti for pa-
misdon to t,o <lh~nd saying thiJt tht.y waru ' g'O inK a ll. 1.1 pilgrimago to [ I:lUb -
sarovar. Tht:!y co uld rot say tha t th.:y weN going to Tibet t o conduct
cOmrh::lrcial trs n~!l~ ti C" ns. Too ruL:or ' of Niti, af·t er ·.pointin g out r.hBt th ...
. route to Mana s 6I'OVbr did rot pllSS thI:ough his tGrritory,47 told l-'£lorcNlt
and. his party, Ilyou art! carrying wfJspons and are accompaniod by'. a Iflrg",
number of twn. yOu ara ' aitoor uorkh1l1is or Firangis, e ven tho-ugh you 6I'U
. we8~ saffron clothes. You 3Ni e.namias of Tibet and shall not. b", ·p.;,r-
mitted to pro.cead to Tibet.1l }~Q orcro ft . a.nc. his ()Ompanions claill£td tha t
they bed not com~ with sini ~ ter motive'.: , but WOl'l.' proceeding -on pil~ri II)L.i..'"
to Manasarovar. 1"h£:yadcktd, IIWe have brought some goods with us .. we intr.nd
Contd •••
157.
to sell ttwm in order to mt:ot our travelling t:lxp (m5~s . It is tn .. th3t ',.":..
are .'c arrying some .w<JBpons , -but thll.lild Cire not mUilnt !'c"::' ' t· ~.l cking nn;)o'
· pl:l r SOn . VI" hove br ought these wear:ons pure l y' for s<:l.f- dO:~o;jnstl . -If you fmd
it difficult to r131easa U5 only on the ground · that w ara "Srmad; 'wa .:!rt>
.prepared to have tti""SjiI weapons .somowhore at t hi s pl,t;ca . 11 This reply hlld
soma ",tract on the rule"r of Niti. He askud them to wait at least fo r 15
days to obtain an entry parmit from t h6 Tib(:tan offi cer acrosstb.l borddr.
HOWEc-,ver, no such permission was obtain.::.d oven s'fter 15 days. Th is l ed Moor-
croft end his m.;n t o SUSpi. ct that the rul-3r ' of Niti Wl::S daceiv:in~ tham.
Ttw r aupon, Moorcr0 ft hOTlbly pre3" nt<:rd SOllk: gift s to thd of ~:' c i.: l~ of Hiti.
On "shod 12, l·ioor..;roft lana hi s party wure g rantc:d pormission t.o ,;nt",r int.o
Tibe t. Lb .
. Oil Ashadh , Moorcr oft· and his men It:!'t .from Niti 1'llld croa&:.d thu border
• •
with Ti bet. . On J.\aha"dh 22 , tbuy arrived at · tha T1b~tan principa lity of
Dawe, situawd )0 milos north of Niti. The naxt. morning~ t.h" Y.callad on
. the rukr of Dawo. After presenting him 'N Uh ') yardS 'of sqparf1na cloth,
somo s~er and spi cos on a brass pletc, t~.(,y asked l"iim for p<lnTIissi on to
procet: d onwar :l. f l <.!a s:cd w1. th th<. se prt! ssnts, ..t.L .... r uler 0.£ Dawn wrot ~ e
~tt,Jr to tm ' authorities of Gartok si tuot ed 'shout 40" miIss a way from
: Dawn, rocolll!l"ending permission to Moorcroft and his party to P'r ocged
t.hrough that rout.:: . 'foo r " ply sent from Gsrtok, lobich was po;d t~:w,
: raach~d Dawn on L.shadh 27 .49 ..
llccordingly,on Ashadh 31, l'1(.1orcroft and his 'party left Dawa . '!hey
rcllcood Gllrt.ok 6 days lllt.)r. Tho foll.owillt: d ay, on Shravan 5, tnt;y mJt.
th:) r'lle !' of :.::J r '.>::lk and purchDsad wool in larg~ quant1tiys, thtlrtlby",st.ab_
l1shi.ng " rade Nlat1on:> wit.h western Tib-,;t. 50 .
'Manosarovar lake; , a famous canter '~f pii.grlm9g,:;:; :' For' th"is r .-sBon, this
11)\(.6 wns unknown to tne .:Europ"sns at t.hat time. Moorcrott ,ihiolrefore
th.0ught that h~ could gain fame as an uxplorer all over Europe in C0se
her aucc ....edud in re3ching Msncsllrovnr end wr~t~ an account of it. Thes·.
~mpting prospocts -promptud him to seck p-:.rmissio-n from too t\ll..Jr of
Gartok to visit Honaserovor. " Tho rulor -of Gartok: ' pomnit'teq Moorcroft. to
. proccdd straight to Manasarovar and back thr'..lughNiti without visit1n6
. Dny ottwr place. AccordiriglY, Moorcroft snd his, perty w,tt Gartok for
Manasal'Qvar Oil Shr3vDn 11.5)
' .
- , "
, . . ,
,
", "
W~en it.
arrived in Dawa o~ Bhadra 9 on its WIJY bllck f.loom MBnasBrovllr. 55 .
the local ruler sought to arrest Mvorcroft 6nd otbar !Dembe:rs of hiB p8rty.H~
"~ver,Debu Budha,a member of 1haru1ing f.:.mily uf "Juhar' Boot "Whu was in l.aogw
with the British, succe.:::dcd in f,t:ltting t h",m fre.,d again.st a 's",curity vi' sa
Ra 10,000.00.56 On Bh!ldra 13, they 1 : t ..x:wa,57 <md arrived in Juhar ahot,
a' H1m3l.ayan
..
vClssal state of Napal. . situated
....• t o tho 11Ort. h of Kwnaun.
The ' 1nhabit.!lnts of Kumaun used to buy bo1'flx and, other . cbIllllo.;:1itia 5 £rv m
Juhar Bhot, which they s:,ld ' 1:.o thtl poopl.. of the south. This t:i-ado y1d:.!.;:;i
considerable prnfit to the inhabitants of KUDlDUIl, which th~n forrrad pt:lrt
of Ne pa1.W1t.h a view to depriving tna ,'Nepal1s of this profit, Moorcroft
and bis men estabUshed dii;"ct conrn.;,:reinl contacts witb tbu inhabit<:.nts i)£
Juhar Bhot at tnat time. ."
- ~. .' .
5)~ Hugh Pears,' 2£. £!!.,. pp. 15-76.
54. Ibid, pp. 76-77.
55. Ibid , p. 11.
56. Kumaun Ka rUhas, .2l! • .:ll., p. 76.
Contd •••
159. ,
On ·BhOdra 19, 1869 VlkrsJIIll, H.awkins wrow an in.."lOcuou.s Illt;ssa g... fr- .m
Bare111y tc Jam ,s!1. ·jh. The; rn:::tssage read as f o llows , llMoor croi't ~.E>y ~Bch
Tllxn . s af a ly . But t.hey are a fro1d l ost .tbl::y _ S h Ju l~. b... '.l",tniood in Ne pal.
on t heir return from Tib e t. Bucau5e of. toll; fear, Dr . h",o r c roft has guno i
1:0 'hbst tv purctla se some hors<15. and e njoy trllvol .ln that country. capta in
Henr sC1Y too msy novo g lm r, thor() ~ long wltil fuorcrof t. R~ arir\g .in mind th~'
fr i ",ooship b.e tween th<:l Company Md Nepa l, you "ore ruqu6sted to taku caN
-:o ! ':.hesc lOOD when, they roturn from Tibet, and uscort 'them safely to th ...
border." This .rrEssage was receiwd by Ban Shah on Aahwin 15,. LB69 Vlkrema .
Ha fOTWr.r c:!.ed thp mnssago to Ka ttuwndu, al ";'n(~: with 8 P'<'rsonsl l ut.t~r s tllt-
~ tMt the Englis ru:1o.lll wha t:! h6 h3 d pr t.vio us ly da Bcrl b£. d as cl isi:'. u isud m'-'tl
Wer ,.; actua lly Influanti(l l p:;! r s"if!s .
.
"t. n :: r lIrri,ving at Cl:.andpur, situat.;;d at a distllnex: u f e miles -fru m
~arn.l P:-, .•; og , 59 fuo rcroft and his party m.::t ~llnddU Thapa,6/? ~o _w~s th..,
... ~pali o ffic~r uf thllt liNa . On AshWin 27, Bandeo Th£l l-ll:l inqUired of tiH:lIQ
W by ttluy had pass(jd through N"I-lali t err it'.lry incognito . They' Btra.igh'VIw~y
~p11ed tha t t.htiy could roOt havel ent.:n:ed 'l'ibtlt had not th~y IOOV6d in d1 5-
gui so , that in ony c;:sa J thuy h,:Jd n,_ t Jor.0 l! nyt~1ng b ad by travi:ling
t.hr:>ugh Ndpa li ter ritory 1:1 Lhis manndr , ana that tba re was m r -" es(,n Ol ~
tohey st-.ould rut b::t ali.ow",d t o) mo v~ ab,)ut inside N6pe; 1. whu....1 t~_ X r~p<.l li s
cou l.c!_ t.rov.:: l fre aly within l ,s ~rr itory .
. . t n." CoII{)<lny
.
.
( To S'l Cc.ncluc!!J d) .
59 . , rhwa l, p. 334.
Ga
60. Hugb Pears, ,22. cit ., p. 78 . '.ill"" name of thr.:t Nepa l1 officer iUi !l b",on
given 85 Bandll Tbaps; This is not Cl colmlun N ~p81i qBJTlt:. MOr60Vt1r,
th~ ra l s no r~ferance t o this na~ in contumpornry Nopll li dbcu~nt s .
BlIndeo Thapn wn s t oo n8mo of BhBkti 'lbap;J ls e lder brother. (Purn1ma,
21, p. La) . I - ba v~' thorefor~ giv ~ n the nAme o f this N~pali offic or
8a Bander) 'Ibapo . · Bhs kti ThDpa was 70 yo nr s old whoJ n ho was kille d
in th~ bfl ttb -Jf DJ u tM l on Bllisakh 6, 1672 VikrJlIlD . (Surya Bikram
pp. l02-1~) . i.c cor di:'lg to Hugh f';l.!! rs
about 70 yo;j~ s 0 1 (1 wh.>r. h::l l:Iot Mco rcrc ft
corrobor a ~s my view .
1.60.
Sp'varal princi9sl1ti "s in the ....estern hill :region w~ich had b(;sn ab ... li-
shed during tb.- l.s 1...er pnrt of tna eighteenth century were rdstorod during
tha 1860 1 ,9 in appr ~ c1~tion of th~ coo~r8t1on Which they rendered during
tn(" ~E'pal-Tibet war (1855-56), as w l.L as durlng th'" military oxp.::ditivC.
which Prill'ti IUnist",r ._'un £, Bahadur ~durtook 1n 185 7 t.o hulp the Briti s h
_suppress the Indian .r.'.ltilJ;y. Tht/se Rajyas includad 'tht> f o llowing:-
1. Garhunkot
2.-. Ga.Lkot
. ). en1r""t ·
.. b. ' Ka~kl
. '
In 1851-52, there ware) Rajyas, or principal1thls of ftludatory st.t!tu::l,
in th", Kingdom of Nepal which enjoY'.j d full internal autonomy on paym..:nt
of an annUlll tribute (Sirt.o). These Rujyas _snd th!:: poym.Jnts dUll from t.h.C: JII
wr~ as fo110'l'l$ :-
(S.B. lolaharjan).
Reg1ll1 Research (Privah) Ltd
Ka thmandU I Sopte\lJber 1, 1973 .
Year 5, No • .8,
Ed1t.d By
Mllhesh C. Rt.til!l1.
11 11111111
Cont..unts
"
Page
1. Law ~d Order In N8pslglln J,
1897 ... 161
2. P.oyo l Ordor On Sanitati on, •, •
1840 , ... 163
3. Contro l Of Interest Ra t os In
Wos t ern Hill Aren s, 1799 ... 164
4. Interv1ews Wi th BaburllDl J\chsl')'s ... 165
5. Disgui sod Eng l ish Travel l e r s
In Nepa l And Ti bo t
'" 167
6. Chrono l ogy Of Pstan , ... 172
7. Land Re c l amation In UdnYlIpur .. . 176
8. & GRogrllphi cs l Descripti on Of
KBthmlq'} du V!'lloy Dlr1ng 'Ibe
L 1 c h ch~D V i Pe riod • • •• 177
To the -Ch1ef Officer and employees of the Naya Huluk Forest Inspection
Office (Ban Janc~ Goehware). .
Sine., tht: ' establ1shfl);::nt of tlep~. lganj town, s' Lovy called -: ,1 "'. ':Ina
has been coll~ctcd from traders at r ates .l."cng1ng from J sanae to 2 rupe.;s
Bnd st annaa depending on thtl size of the concern for -prot~ting tha town
. from the d"pr13c ations of burglars and docoits:
The proceeds of this Lvvy wr2 distrlbutt;d .::ql,ls lly among two watch-
men (Chauk1dar) appointed for this purpooo, on the sUpula 't.i.on that they
would recompense goods burglad by thieves in th'~ ir siGh"' , or by breaking
l ocks or through walls or roofs. Thesll. "rotchmen hav.a boon pl3trolling tht.
s treet.s in ttw town all through th,,; night. This system oontinl,k,s 1,{J t'Jis
d::.y . -
'Even then., (th", shops of) traders OI'S bur g l~r;: from tilnfJ t.o tinE. \01"
,tr1 ~d to Dscc rtain th~ re::sson, feeling that such l;hefts would not b ,.' pos-
o sible without th~ ' connivancd of th,,- watchmiln.
. ,
I n the month of ],nhO l! h 1954 vikraP\8 (Junt:: -July 1897), one tiob1nd
Sikh, son of Guru Bux Singh , on", 0'" th" wa tchm,m. who W.:lS wlking along
with his fath,t;;r. stole a goa t bdonging. to, NauSinda Lal .Bbhaqur, a r "s i_
dent o f (.Nepa lg<lnj) town. (Naus1nda .Lal BahaJ ur) ca\l6ht hold of the thi..:!
and produced hip! baror<! us. H:) signdd:" a stn tom <lnt conf(Js5in(" .... h:1 t ~ had
committad th", "thuft 'ln co"llualoII ,w;th -hfs .l:ather J Guru ,J,__o ~ ..;. 1."1.. ,; . Janga li
Sikh,· a ~phe_w (of Guru ,Bux S1.ngIl),' ,
wno DIso hBp-, been nppoint.ed wlltctlman
was olso ~licated in the stat~m.mt; llDd b.o~ w~t?hl'k)n :Wt;rc thiJn dismissed.
,
,' -r,
Contd •••
It contingent of ' the' military pollce :stationed in rk:palga'nj has al so
been pa trolling ' the 't:own j l t , night. ~ theJ;'t,lf6~]~CP~~ . thi>t:
Constables B. 'IndiBn Rs 4, ·
11 Good pClopl e from the hills should be appo1nt od to t tJ:IS6 posts ond
. .. .
given the same-stntus as the military . pol1co
# The mllituy po lice sL".lld patro l 'the town twici:! evory .nfght as
usual.
Contd~~ .
163.
. Approved •
..
Kart1k B8di .6; 19$.4
(Oc'tOber 1897).
_ Do not dnt SNan things raw. Ro:l~t or CQ.7J1c them b&foN usil€ thtlm ::IS
food . Us .. watar for drinking only ' .. f1:,.i;:r filt-Clring. a nd bo iling it, cno t.h";n
ltot.ting it b,.;com:.: col,d", as otherwise ' woms wnich exist lnwa ter d~stroy
thu Uvc:r, 't hus causing- dt:attl. DO not usa water for drinking wit.hou t. doin6
so .. Local paopl.a should work ooll~ctiv~ly for- covt>rlng Wtfl.ls t so that
r.:linwater may not f~ll lnt.o them. JLvoid t he use _of w:ltar from fields.
s ~r .-: ams , irrigation c/Ulnn"ls ;:lod wt' t is wllicll hSVd not b.:.-: n cOV<::lr .. d.
Control Of Int€rost
, Ratos In Wo stem HUl iLes, 1799
•
From King Girben,
We hereby promulgate the following r;~ gulat.ions for 8N.tlS w~st of th;
Trlshul-Ganga r:l. wr in the narm; of Ga'jy~f (\.,; c, j - Sin-.n::. Kh.:::wt'$). · .-" :-
1. Finus at the following rotes shalL ~ colLuc~d from p~rsons who hav~
charg.:Jd int-:-rest Ilt mort than 10% in cash and 25% in kind after the
pro:nulgation of :,~.a royal orde:r prohibiting tbci colbctionof inv..ri?st
,a t m:;Jro than lD,i: in our doI!linions west of tha Trls hul-Gcmga river up
to Kumaun.
,
f.bal ••• 10%
. . - .'
Chabar ••• (1 )
5. M'ter the expiry of 10 years, permit the PayTIMlt of only double thE;
amount of cash iO.'1 DS end tr-Jbl-.. th~ "':l:.ount of in-kind loans in cas':)
,
.
no inte~st or oo!l1111ssion w,s bC6n collected. In case (paym,·, nt '; fl ~i
. ~ig oA' r Dmo unt hil s beon Bt.ipulawd in writing, th is shall b", inva:l:i.CeW d •
...... ......
,
GCj yo .. -Rs 100
. .'
' S TahDsildars. ( ,
aC'comp:!nj1:hg hi::!" • , "r Rs ,375
' 0 ' '
, , .' ..
. (Continutfd)
-. • -' ,y-
..
~ues tion: How · were Sb1vEodeVS "8"rid Amshu'ltlma related · to each<'other -1
Qwstlon: But NnshuvarlllD has bean ".describl3d £la t.hi::l ' sister r s So n o f ~ Sn ivu d o v~ . '
'" "
J,n s wer: There is no con c lusive dv 1dence. Shivudova 1"'015 a Vaishna v8, whilf:t
.wns huv~rmll was El ' Pa s hup'o ta, "":;) lthough tioth "we r e Llchchhevis~ I .doubt wha th')r
th",r a w.' s any inter-ma rriage b" tween t.h~ 1)10 s6CtS .
1l1III1l1IU. it It
. .. ,
;.". Af'ter thus satisfying Bandeo Thaps,. who wap ..}O Ydsr'fJ . olcl; Moorcroft
and , his party re ached !<arnaprnyaga.· On Kart1.k,. .tooy :9rr~vea '{I;t. Mehalchaur,
s ituata d o'n th() banks of thl.;l Ra mganga river ... The .Tbane.dar of 'Muhalchaur
triad" to .stop t hem, saying, lI you should not l\av~ nD"Vod in d i sguiBe wit.r.out
informing thd NG"P,-, l govurrunt:nt notw1tbs-l-...~ ndi ng t oo .:ini caLl l.l r 'J L.l t'.1ons
,=:~ i.s ti ng botween ttlf: Nepal gov~rmte nt and th<1 Company govortmltont, Now t.h.at
Y:1U havf.; do.ne· "" , you must stay here f o r some tima • .We shtlll fre~ you only
.a ft,J r consulttng the gover~nt. Since friendly relations oXist betlo(OeQ
th e Company gOVe~cnt ~nd. the N~pDl govami"J!(Jnt, we may
recQ i';'~. favorabL.l
ord:lrs fran our govonunont"n61 .: . . .
.
. Th:.> next rro rning , Movrc roft · a ttempwd to ·proce. d bY br£ndishing his
gun. The l ocul guar ds t h0n ' conf1coatod his gun nod tiod" him aa w~ tl ~s
Haa r soy W:L:l rop ·~ s . rh.:; ' o ther s WC' I'f~ s hackle d, pnd t hc.·i r t':! l onglngs too
lIore CO nLis~ t ad . Later,· 'Sube dar Ratnll S10gh Rann r~ch .::d .Meba1chaur and
f re.-::d M::>orcfu!t am Hearsay. HowlJver, the :) thdrs ware kopt ' ln detentlon. 62
RBtna S1ngh R.a1lfl submitt.ed a r~port to ·this C3tfeot tc Bam Shah. Moorcroh;
on his part, wrote g let"t.tlr in Hindi to Bam Shdh ss .wll aa to ~r Si.r.lha
.Th.apo, tho-: D~d gowr no r o f tho No;lpil l tarritorias situated across tho J£lmU:".IlI ,
pr ot es ting llg!l ins t his (!'. ltc.ntion by N,~ pali troop ~ . On Nca iving this l ott.."r,
&m SM h s :"'1lt m~ssagds lUotno Singb R<lna through 2 JlIIDOdurs, ordering hia,
to free all thOBO who ' hlld oc":" n k;,;pt in ShilCk l ",s , .Bnd ascort Moor cro.p:. to
a p l.!lce calhld PCl l i in K'UJIlllun. Ho al si./ inl'CJrIlli.id ltatna 51ngh Rru!.3 tb.9t ho::
.' .would go to fo'bhtl l cl}nur per s 8 na ll.~ ! O.I: .dt:put<l tlis s on. ' In 'accordt:lnce with
th;) p:t::evailing po li.),)' uf .H.: ,:.:8 1 M t .. to off.;iond l.Eng liSJ"lm;.'n, &m Sht: h d1d. ··n:·.:> t
J,Jtl l ·h .. rshly with fuu rcroft. and his men, a lttwu.gtI b.: W/;lS infonr.l:~·· t/:lat·
thoy' had trovo1bd to Tibet. thrv ugh llupa li torrit.ory in d l.sguiso , and tha t.
t h£:y ha d at t tlmpt ed t..> f o roe the ir ' way b ack ~ £.ng1ish t e rrj.t.or y r..Icf;ying· thti
·' ...Ip.:lli gubrds. Bam Shah· d&"Spllt.Ched to Kathm~uu D r op..;rt·, ";Ic c ~,~ .p:..t (li/:-:·d ..... i1..h
th ~ .~ ttars writt~n to him by Ratna 'S1ngh RtInb ~n d.MooI~roft . ~h~ lett.6r
".: ~~v~ dataits I? f how Moorcro!t had re ached 'riblOlt, t.hrough Napal 1n disguisa
. ..
!.Ind how t.ho Nup:lil1 gua rds haJ' deto in.:d :thl.;lm on thO;1.r rot.urn .jo.u rney .63
,. . . : ', . . . . ., .
. ..
Wh",n -t oo" Jlllriadars ream;:,d' Meba lch£lur, 'tll:Jsa" wtiO:,wero dot.aint;;d theN
w'cIre -freed and all th:;l b"Lmg1ag~ of Mcorcroft, ~nd his party, 'o4l1ch had
boen confiscated, ~re restori:td to tht:lm. 'I'twy ' wur.; then escorted. t.v Pai1.
From Kathnwndu, .3 molssaga wa.s desplltched to Bam Sh<lh.lt Nad: lilt W<lS
m t proper fur t he Englismnun 1:1) entdr into N"pr:l in disguise without .. w n
giving any n.:;ticv t ·:! '.1S, DOtwithstanding thu friundl.y rotations c:xistinl!
between tho Britiah and us. Rao1n9 thum that th'<:y . shouLd not h:;ncefurth
bi:;lhave in this manner. ' Rotum t hu ir bc l ':.Jn i;; :..r'E:'-' en.... s ~ nd _ t[-.~I~ back to thd
Company's territory." This "was in .. r.:<ply· tqBnm Sh9h'e', 1.etter·vith which
Hawking! ll)ttcr wss enclosed. Barn Shah a,e nt his son,," Laksh.abir Shah1, to
p&l!. t o c:.r.."Y out the'instructions conteinE:d in this r~ly.
In o'rder to fulf111 ·t.he- £ng.L1sh ' r ule rs r d\!sira to start the manufac-
'tUN of wovltln sh.::lwls, -Moorcroft ho d brought mol'£- than 50 SMtlp fraIT, 'f i but .
Moororuft 1nt ~nd~d to brl:!ed th",s ~ sh ..""p ,in Scotl[lnd ur Walo.;s bElCiJus .., L .:
h.:.d hear tbLlt.' simiur :>heup b roUght by ' Turner in lB40 Vikrama had u ...
bo:l~n able ' to s ur-"iye bac(;~ ,e f thoir inabiltt.y to , endur~ tM hot. climaW
of Calc'cltta ana the COLd -cUmaw of J:,'nglano. 4 Thl.l shoap brought by Mool'-
crol"t L'OlD Tibet. c~rriod . loa,liS of wool mtlont for' w.;sving shawls. Tb;;.-s ...
Sh~r:::p- which hadronibinod behind, wurc: ord":I',;,d t.':.' t .: "t rOJ..lght to PalL 'JUt;;r
trEn:lting ¥.oorcroft with duu court~sy" LDlcshabir Sh::- bi on:br!;-d 2 J<V1Icdars
and SOmE:t soldiers to escort' b,'1Jn up tQ th" border. On K<lrtik 2J, h~ bad,)
good bye "to Moarcroft., wt:x> than, re:t'llrnad to il.mora .65 .
Aftar retlching thd boroor , MoOt-craft took the two Jan.adars to KashipUT
(in the: Tara.i are a of K\llllf:lun) . Hes.mt th.>m back from there.
Contd •••
When th~ news of -Moorcrott I s dEtwntion reached Calcutta, t.oo capital
ot tha Britisb Eas t. India ComplI ny, Go'Vdm') r-Qr,n"'I'E!l tU.nto told Kri B~
Po..Ind it, N';p<l l'B ..nvoy in Ca l cuttll , IIMoo rcrot t btls sunt II l et.t.ur info nning
us thEl t ho h,'d b.x n impris ono:)d by Shamsher ' Rl.llllll s ' troo ps and t.ikld with
ruP(;S ,;hun . h~ · arrivod ' at Mebtllc b.aur, situatod on t hu banka ' of th.;o RamgODg6
rivor on his way from Kerneprayog 'to Chilk~u . H~ hed u~d t~is rout ~ be-
ClIUSe- ha had 00 choice but · to pllSS througb NI' poll territory on Qis wa y ,
. back from Tibet, ~h~X'fl bu had gOM in -' search of ·horseS of diff·ll't.nt Bp,,- cl~s',
'. a nd 'shee p and goats bea ring woo l whi ch i s useful f or wonring shawls. It
is not good that our men soould b!J put . to -suc h injus tice on the. turritory
of a f rie nd ly COtultry. _You -sho uldll s eurtain too f acts 'from your Bhardcr !J
of Gadh Y.umaun . 1I kccor din gly, on Y.t_!" tik 25, 1.B69 Vikrama, Krishno Pbndit
wrok l o ttl.lr::; 't.o Bum Shllh , 2 KUj i s .and 2 ~ ,q rdar s of Gadh KuJl'\[lun S""~k1ng
informDtion on tho incident. In his l~~tc r to Barn Shll h, Kri ~~ 1a Pandit
w:rotil, 1IIt would hava badn bettor· if you -had · i~r1 so n.;J d Moorcro!t i<nd b.is
men · only after r~ceiv1ng ordars from ·tnG governm~ nt of N~pal a~r being
info:r:med tbat t hey b.lld lOOvod' about through Nopali torri tory w1 th tt);, a im
of e ngaging in espionllgo and orecting trouble . You shou"td hoOlve m:::rll Qr N- .
T'li nded· thorn that th£:y w!3 ru', not P,JI"ni.ttad to entur . " into our t l.-r r itory
without t tw ord.!r uf ')ur govQrnmt.:nt eve n' i f th~r sole objectiVe ""&'5 to
f ind hor ses j and thc'; n s<;.\nt tho.tM back to th eir country . , •.
When thes;J l et tor s re.--ch=d ::O~il rruk~bild J .i:,C-Jard Co l (Jbrooka, who flUlc-
tionud th ... re as r~ prt.l sonta t1vli o f t n,;, Comp:,ny t~ J v ' r nn.o;.r.t t o r :Ul;"~ terr1 to-
r_~ .J nn~xud by it from Oudb,b6 fo rwarckl d th~lIi t.o .A lnoro 1I10ng with 3
J
llWSsagl;. of hi s own. Tb.;; ~t ....; r s w:.m:l rucu1v,J'd by Bum- Shah on Mar g .... 27, 1869
Vikr Bmll . · Thre~ days l lJt.:.r, h.. " " nt. [.I ' r"Ply to - Krisnno Pandit, giv ing duto11a
of th'.:: ~ 1nc idunt. His ;n..ply WIJ5 us follinls: ' I have b oon or ooroc fr om KlIth_
m.:il).du to put th", guol'ds ,at· our pos t ;in fotters ·be.CljU& th;.;y h u v~ cOllllllittOJd
all oU ans", by- tying up thu. Eng l1shmtm . 1\1.; mOsslIg>:' s ... nt to m.:. fro !:! Ka t nmondu
~ t llt cs ; Thl:l Eng liS ~ fl have , no d;:.. ubt, - hB _ rrn.:ld . ttlo' f. riO"~dship 'be1?wcen o ur
t Oll.) cO\l,ntribs .by r.rying to cnt~r int.o - ')ur COU!l try in dl sg u1;a", and /l).)VQ
ilbout t.hrough .our t ..;rritory by br andJshing gUns . Evvn t.h(!o , wtJ should b..,
. c<U:l1tul not to . t<::ko any sttJp ··t:ha t undcrtllizW 'our fri endshi p (vti.h t he Eti8t
"India Ccmpany gove rn.'r.: :'It) . lh&' guards weni right 10 .:rtopping , . -thcs o' £ng lish-
men .who h" d Jlt)vcd through our 't <lrrttory in ·this mannar . But it ws not
prop(~ r for t~m to naVi) tie d them up ~ · -You 8~ 'ordt1r i,d t o" rrQ~ th,; EngUlSh-
[nan and a l low thOdlU to procEmd 'along 'wi th - th';ir ·goods • .Si;nCti th.ese · guards
h£l d committed Dn o"f,f.:msv , you should put -the m 'in :futt.tirfi an;d s,.: nd th:.:m
bllck tu Ka'thmandu..u- hccor.ding1y", : I put th~ -in f ,) t"krs £100 " d05p£i~Ch0d: th'~ 1Il
to Kathmrux:lu.1I
Contd •••
170.
Brt tLin and Frllllc~ had rot but:n on good terms for a long timo. Buth
t.bll English and · th~ Frunch "had ,jxpDDd6d thtlir tl3rritori<l l ' posst:asions in
Indi~ . Howvtlr, the £ngU,sh f1n3 Uy succvacWd in '.oIt<Lkl3ning 7:':.r,c..: ! s hold
in lnJi:l . That Wil S \/by Froncc: had bee n waiting [Q!' ~n opportupit.y to VbH- '
quish ttw Brit.isn in Indi.:!. It want.ud to occupy Egypt. pofor";;, "launching
an invasion of Indil;!. 4Ccordtngly, Napoloon Bonapar~ invaded E&ypt' in
1855 Vikrllma. HOlooEovor, tht; 't.ngl1sh .tru,.:lPS defea ted NapQ~t!on in Egypt, _so
that his anbition to conquer Indio ri:1mair.ed unfulflll.Dd •. Latur, Elnpwror
NaPol£on succoed.ud in winning Russia over to hi~ side. In 1864 V1kramD,
. h& concludud 3 tl·,ll;ty , ldtn EIIl>!lror ~x8nder of Russia. Sine", Russia was
e~;oe: r Yp hi cally , close to India, Govornor-G ~ner~l · ,MintQ, of the East India ,
COIq:lany was ' afrDid tttllt Napol'3Dn PligJlt invado India in collusion with '
Ru:;>sia. For th.is riiaaon, Minto ' tri .. tl to s~curo th~: suo port of thl.; Punj,jb,
JU'gtw.n1st!.'ln snd Persia, all of "nien wr.; situ2.t;.Jc! :.J .. ~wocn Russil: and , th..
COmplmY'f; dominions in Indi.,. In addition, no adopted th<J poli~y of ~void
ing wer with tho.: natiVG states of Ind1n. · In 1867, VikrsJ!U3" difforences of
,
67. John Pembl.&, 2.£. elt.. 'pp. _84-85.
I
'6~ Ibtd; pp. 70-71.
'. .
Conu!"•••
171.
opinion arose between Franc;:! and Russla, an::! banco f"srs of an 1mn1n<;nt
French 1nv~s 1on of India dim1nisned to some extunt. Even than, until 1870
Vikr.orntl, that ls, until th:il English bad succaudod in persuading RussilJ
to join an allianco against Napoleon, Governoz-...{len.,;:ral IHnto continued
to feor D combined French-Russian iny!\sion of India . Thi:t WlIS the r S!1so n
why he WBS oot 1n a position tQ s t:lrt ,jny W.:lr inslda India at that tim3.
Ha needod good relations wi :~ bot h l';,"'pal [,fl ( :.Dnj it Singh. That wos w!'\y
he could mt enco \U'f1ga th& mi ssion unclerwkun by thor c r uf t.
Although UJ.u COllllany govarnrnant could not derlw any 1n:unedlllte advan-
tago from Moorcroft's Journey, tho' informa tion gDinod by him 8S woll as by
Hecrs cy :Jbout. tnG ~ 1 tUlI tion of NAPDl pr9vad tQ bo o f considerable advtmtage
to the English during thair 1871 Vilq'oma war with Nepsl. Th.i s is clear from
t he considerabla corrasponda nce that took place baboon the top officors
o f the Compa I\Y gov'3rnm..;nt and Moorcroft and Hellrsoy.69 Hearsuy bimself
,Commtlndad tha... English troops th at sought to occupy XumllUIl during this "''' r. 10
This Showad that tho C011:i ~ : V ~:> vG r nm"- o.t -b€nefitWd from th.. journey of ;"ooo:r-
croft and HeOnrsey to Tibet.
(Conclud&d)
69 .
•
££• .£!!.. pp. 41-51, 52- 59, .76-93,
.
70 . " Pumima, I, p . 50 .
IU. 11 n 111111111111
172.
at th8
tine when Rat.ns" .1'18118 '.e st.Bblishdd an lndeptmdent Kingdom in Kathniwdu,
the feudal· chiefs of Futan were rising "in -oPPosition to &Y£I Nana. (:0 :: iE:l5
of inscriptions of two . Kings of this" dynasty hava' be'e n fo und. Thi;S~ a re vS
follows :.~ .:
1. Jaya Simha
2. Kirti Simha
4. Vishnu ,Simha
. , (quct!m
' .
Ksmalelaxmi)
'. ' ,
5. Purandara
6. Purushot.taIll8
Contd ••• .
--cc~, •
m ..,
,"
1. Mohcndrs .l'ia.lla .
4 . Siddhinarasimha
" ,
Contd. ·••
" ' , " , .'- .. , " ' , . .. . . . ' ..
, ,.'-4. suka
,
. Sevor coins and ma nu scrip~ of Yo g ane r~ndra Halla's timG hav~ bean
found. ' Onc 9f his coins was minte d i n 82 0 N(-P¥l Senrvs t (1100 M.D. ) .
Yoganarendl"a Ne a few years tharaaf te r. IP t er coins show
. that acute civ 11 .," iv<'U.od in Paten after his d~ ath . '!'!'.'::~\: co i)ls
are as £o11ows l-
. Date
• ,Issu:ld In 'lbd' Na~ Of
B32 1712
B3S 171S Hr1dinaras1mhs MDlle'
637 1717
F ' . • ••
Contd •••
Yoganarendra Malls was succeeded by Indra tlallll, the son of
his GldtJr
·sister. This was not likad by Yoganarendra MDllal~ daughter, Yogamati.
She thereforo proclaimed her 80n, Lokapr 2k a ~ hD, as King an d had COLns
mint Gd in bis nBme. But Yogapr::kasha di ed soon t hc;:r e'(I f tor. tln d et,J :.Jho
m<ldG V1rantl rasimha King. MI:a nwhlle , lndru HIlllo t oo died. Another f ac tion
thon proclai mod Viramahendre MJlla, Dn ille gitimute son of Yoganarendra
.Malla, as King; Loknprtlkasha, ·s on of a King of ' ehakt~ur, ~was toon made
King. Subsequently, Hridinarasimh8 proc1aim.:.d himsolf King and mint('d
coins i n his n ime·. One yoor later, King Bha skar;J MellD of K<lthmandu bl:-
oaJnC KL"lg of Patan 8 S w<.: l1. As King of Patan, h<t minte d coins unde r th ....
titl€: of ;·:.oI hen::h:,a Simha . In his co in of 837 N:. p~ l Samvat (1718 .!i.·.D.), tlr;
a sSW!!!)d t he ti tl~ of IIGNs t King U ( Ra j araj£lshwdr a G1rindra). He die d in
8 42 Nepal Silnrvat (1722 ·A.D.). .'
. V1ramah"indra ~ ll.a a ppea r s t o have bedn su·c cGedod !.by. Vishriu" Malla,
although "fright (p. 249) g iv ~~ t.~u mUll:) of th& S UCC D s~o r as -::(,-:npr .1ka Sha.
But Wright himse lf h4S written that Yogapr <J. ks sh3 di-.:d 1n 81.3 :~ .1,-,1 ·:'C1 '.'3t
(1723 J~ . D .). If thus Yogapraka sha had u t:: CO iOO K1ng} he o:",ly r uL d bric.:f l.y.
Vishnu Maile I s nl1e too wa s not peaco!ul, btlcausu coins beoring th;~
na~ of Rajyaprakas ha and dated 855 and 856 NapDl Samv at ( 1735 A. D. anj
1736 A.D.) han been fo und . This p roba bly ind1ca tes t.h.at during th~ Nign
of Vishnu Malla, a rivtll f ectio n ~ roc ~iJ:l6d Ra jyaprakashe Malls, son of
King Jagll j jaya· Malta 0 '£ Kat. ~TT'..1nc.i1.! a s King of, Patan. Th.:J abov..:-nention:::d
coin' of &jYDpr.::lka s hp. M<::l!. D b~ t: "-; ;h ~ n 3me o f Yogarulrnndrtt Mall.& a lBo,
p r obeb ly i n a'l ll ttempt t o 's how tha t Ra j yapr nkusn,1 :-::1113 'U 8S t he r I:Ja1
h"~ ir of tt.::~ r "!.n ~ . Vi s hnu Malle retalia t&d b ... . !lba,...n g.a c oin in 86 1 t4~ pal
S.. mv at (174 1 i..D.) in th..:: n8ln'J of Jaya v1vr.yogill'..lI rendrs HallD '!Dd t. hc.r ..)by
provir.e: that. h.;. was toh.) re al ht-l :1r of YogsllllrGndra Mall.9.
" . Too conflict wos TC so lvod when V1shnu Malla accept ... d Ra j yapr.!:lks sho
Mllllb as hb succe ssor . (Wrh~ h t, · p. 249). Vi s hnu ·Mall..Il di~ d in 864 N.:-pal
Samva t ( 1744 A.D~) · and was :o:~ .::c e(' d....d by J.laj ya er ~~ sh8 Malle. Rajy~pr e kasha
Ma llu t oo dil>"d in 8 16 Nopn l .:><Il ; , I :·~t ( 1758 L~. D.) . ~. fre s h c ivil strifa .
e nsuod in Patan. .
Rajyap r.:lka sha Malls was -Buccotrda d by Vi,shwajit ·~..3 1la, a son of Vishnu
Mull.llts s i s ter. A coin of 878 N;:pt: l &!mvat ( 1758 A.D:), min"ttld 1n hi s M Ilkl ,
has been found. In tha t same yoer, or in t ho f o llowing yoar, V1s hwa j it Me lt;)
Commit ted su1cida~ Th.oNafter, King Jll.ytlp r3kll~hD Malla of Kathmandu oocam'.;!
K1ng also of Patsn~ But hu was SOOT, n 'pln ccd by RaJlBjit Malla, King of
Bh a kt~ur. 'I'he drama soo n r ': 'p ell t cd it~ ~lf llnd Jay aprakasha Malla was T t.' -
stored as King of P.:I t a n ; : !~ W.l S ag ain dethrone d, and Pri thvi NaraYlln $hah
was invitod to b e co ~ King of Patan. H~' sent hi s brother, Dalamardan Shah,
1n response to th1B 1nv1t.ntion. Da lamllrd4tl Sh ~ ~ 1:>e Cbr.:o King of Pata n '1n 684
Nepal Samvat (1764 A.D.). He was dethroned a fter on~ year. T~ja~a r os imha
Malla than bocame King of Pawn in 86.5 Nepal Sarnvat (1765 1•• D • •1. It waB
during his !-e1.gn, in 886 Nepnl S3n .....nt (1768 A.D.) that Prithvi N :~ ril yan
Shah conquered P&tan.
'.
176.
, Cori)9 back and cultivate lands belongmfr ·to', thd Gorakh Company in
Udayapur ' along ..... ith your fIl mi'l,y. W~ hereby direct that crl3di tors and
s lave-ownara shall not seize thsm, but 'sh z ll r a co '!C:' th0 ir dues afwr
the ir debtora, slaves and bondsmen acquire tho means . In 09 50 (ered! tors
., and slave-owmre) use ."torce, thay shall be doerred to have comrri':.1.cd a n
9tfenao. : ," - . "
We hereby pardOn all critr'Ll s i l~·oJ lvi.ng p~i6bn'lant on life and prop<)rty
eonanltted by you in the past. With JU(; DSSur3I}C\;l , coma back along with
year family and cultivate lands bel.Jnglng t o tha Oor£lkh Company in Udaya pur.
,
Shrawan Badi 4, lea)
(July 1826 )
Rugmi Re s ellrch Sories , Vol. )4, pp . 4~ -4$ .
It It llIlIlIUO...'
171.
,. '
By
The' a~a ' of' Katiunandu ValldJ': i s 209- sq .. n:il.es . 2 ·Notwtth.standing fts .
. . . '.. .. -. . .,.:, " . ' - -~: ,
small ar~:<.l , . i t has qansll.ar abl e nat.uia.L; po litical. a nd histo.deal 1.0luor t:..n~ •
. . . . . . .. .
According to 'thD lege"nd, th~ :Valley lla<! orlgina't6d. -w1th · the _dryin g up
of a vast lake. On the basis of ttlt: topo~raph1ci:ll !aat.urtls of thia BI"I:18 , \
schola'rs ·bel:u-ve this lfSs how i t h~ d come into bel-pg. Similar nays have
bt:len expressed 'l'6g11rd1ng th~ origin of tht:: term IINepslll. Originally J KClth-
mend!.: ValleY .Ir.ight have b ~en callf:fd !!!'Japs ).!! for eertllin :reasorn;, and . ~ h is
llllme of this ar ea might probably h.!lve bean retl!ined' as such after its Uirr1_
tories I:!xtc.ndcd to, ~5 rd s ao th t n"" tiE:s t .;.::( t !1.e .:es t.
The history of KathmfZldU ,Valley, like that of Nepal, beg"ins w1tn: tl'lf..:
K1rll t pe riod. HoWl:<V"~:'~ "the hi·s tOry of this area· app8l:1rs to have assum-ad 8
C'::ti':'lite shBps only fitter t h(j b~g1nning ot Lichchha.vi rule, which la s ted'
f rom tone first to the e ighth ccntW'Y. 'l'brarE(do not exi s t any sourCgS other
then contumpors ry s tone insc ription s · which may help us to know about th~
hiStory · of the Lichchhavi pu riod. Most of thd" inscriptions ·of ttb ·Lic hchhavi
period mve b·~n dis co'!e r {! d in Kathmandu Vall~ itself. One each of s.uc n
inscri"p-tions has been found in .Gorkha, Kewalpur · (W~st 1: 0 . 1), Sango, La 1a
Dnd Plllanchok os well. · Tp~ concentr~ tion of stcr.a i" sc-.. ip t1ons ·of the L1 c h-
ch;1avi ~ riod in Kathmandu Valley indicates th at it mus t ·have b&0 n ~ 3 : ... : ~~ ( . r
tant area at that tlmt:l . This probably ~xp18~ns ~ Radha Govind Basak , an
Indian hist.ortilll, . ha s · awn o)q) rassed ·.the view th·" t .thi:l . ~~r1 tory- of Nepal
during th~ Uchchha;vi period wa s co nfin<:~ to or extended a · little bayond ··
Katr~~du Vall~y.3 ·
.:': -"NOw loft us dlscvas :toM ::.1:.qpQgr:~ pb;y: : 0.£ Kathm'!:ui.du Valley as.1 t ~:4stod
dl.ll"1ilg th;~ Llchchhavi ptl~od. : The state inscriptions of this pElriod Nf'tH'
to scores of place-na~s, but most of th~se Dppear to ba of noD-SanSkri~
origin. Such place-names as MOkhoprim, Khripung . Lernba ti and Bugayumi cer-
tainly are not of Sanskrit origin. Howewr; i t has no t be.;!n pos$L>l& yet
to es tablish their ori gin. But it is likely that ttwsc place-names derived
from the languag es- SPOkUl: by t h<3 Kiratis s nd a trur autochthones of th~
valley. Such na mes hEllp to s lhld light on thtl ",thnie Bnd cultural background
of Ka~~du , Valley at that tl00. ~ltnough tba Lichchbavis and oth-=r Hin ~'.l
or J.ryan, c.o:nrnl1llitl.:1s had '·populOr.iz.:.d J4:ryan culture and th tJ Sanskrit l<1C5U;:.ge
in ' Kathmandu Valley aftar settling he~, thd ~raditional nam~ s of its
diffor~nt -places appear to have remained uncnenged. Sc:: v cr..:~ aoc Lnt p1.6Ctl-
-names of Kat.tJ.m&ndu Valley are still in usu. Whib.i tht:N ar c- 5tl'I&,<:I 1. ' piQco-
nainas of ,3::mskr_it origin :;t pre&ent, m':lr-y others art) d.::r'i vud from locnl
d ialects!. Th,es!l_ include ltayachhe~- InllYCl9ho, 'Kw<lchtle, Xh<mjtll~ Kije, Chur-
pirigal,. to c1OO, only s - -f ew. The" £.;:;ct that such ancient placo-namessrould
havo'remained in US~ notw1th stu ~ din g tho advent . of th~ ~an cultur d in
thl;3 va lley 2000 years ago makes i t s cultural herita'g e uniquol. In this
contuxt, it should'b", noted that th'1 n amr;> of .;!very country, prov1nco c .
10c.0.lity h as.CI history b~hind : it. Ai; an eX<Jmp l e , - wo mtly.cith tho nam ~~ _
Katbn3ndu, '<)\",-:'.-:h is thd corrupt form of J:;~st halll<! ndElpa, wh:'t:h literally
means ,8 w~odon building .. - Th,~ aI'\is kmwn as Kasthcmendap g:t::Ddually uxpand 9 d,
" nd this name has now coroo co d.l-noto tl1~ entire. va lley •
.. , -, .
It is diffi9ult to identify tho3' pr~sent loc.at!on of most of the plOces
'i oontionl::ld 1n tP~ sto M ins criptions of ~hc Lichchhe.vi period .. However, in
a f("w _ ca~e.s,:thC! old n~s hDve now c~ang~d. It would be po~s1blt, to iduntif.1
'By-cn plaGBtI on tile bas i s of philological principl,es. The following ' chart
would make . . t.hi s po int, clearl
.. \ '
,
. .. >
, ' -. ---
Khopasi
, -
. ,. ~ ,," ""
,
BugayUm1 B\Ig""t1
Uparinlilnal.3ng :Nal¥' '. "
, '
Thenco .Tl'wnkot
, , '
•
~.!l~o '.
. ,'. '
LanjelgwaL Lagan
., .
Contd •••
179 •
,
.
Sanga 540ga
Tyagsl
Bhumbhu.k.kika Bhu i jsi !'D
Ston;;; inscrir.tions of t.b.<l LichchhaV1 p~riod ON found nor(l .:n:d th~ ::-", in
the valley.• 'l hdsa ara coqcl:lntrat;;d in WE:.:; ar~(:s of thu vBll.:Jl. :lQw•. v",r.
~ae ar~as ore now c~llud Kantipur, Bhaktapur and Lalitpur. Th~re is .no
- 6ViduncJ tll.!lt all th~st:l thra.:: arGDS had acquired a urb'm ch<:l"ractor during
the Lichchnavi p~riod. The ~ntion of tbQ names of n~rous villages ln
tbecont.emporary s t (m':: inscriptions proVElS thbt al.,roost all set.tWm.,nts in
Kathmandu Vall!;;)y at. tM t.ima W<.Il'\J largely r urel ln charllcf..<.,r. How~vt)r, a
town n<lln0d Sambapur is known toO havIJ existvd ~rru.;Wh._ rc inside Kathm:mdu
V<t lll:Y dnring that plOlriod ... worn-out stOIlli inscription found at 118)(61
IfiiIntioru; .:kl.1lUapur. 4 ounshuvarme,ls inscription f ound .:: t Hcndigt:on also ITf..;n-
tion 'this pla.co.5 Th;:. three towns of KathlllDndu V~ L:''"l l~U:;t . .<1 ~ , d'JV0iop,-,d
during the .m(:d1ev.11 pGriod.
As in d~.c atGd abovo, the town of Y.~tbmandu as OM seas today did not
xi
8 .at duriq ; th" Lichchhavl period. l'k;)dorn Kc "lmandu was than CB.l.lc d Ko li-
·grama or D:lks;llnB Kol1grama. Tl'\is 1:> muntiOD ) ·j in , stOlm inscript.1ons of
tl"l,; 11chchh.lvl p'c rlod.6 This name appa.:Jrs to hO"M c onti nuad in .'l somewiw t
ChangCld fonn until 1450 A.D. A manu'> cript writt.;Jn during that :r0 ..r Contdns
t !1Q ,lO rds Ja malganth1 Koligrmn~. 7
6. 4bhl1~kh Sangr~ha, Part I~ p, 25; Gno11, pp. 68, 72, '78, .81 .a nd 88~
7. Purnima, 9, p. 10.
Contd •••
180 • .
.chhnviLikept:Jriod.
Kanttpur,
.. Bhtldg"aun blld not b"come an url>en area during the Lich-
Thd name ot Bhedg:llln artltl <':pP::l.:Jrs to ht! vtl ctlllllg",d
tilt< il
l.ittle dur.ing th~ Lichchhavi poriod .2nd row i t has l!o!nll lo~ , · ly chnllg' d.
Shivadeva I's inscription Qll1;ed 5911 ;\ • .0., found llt Gol.mildhi-'l'ol in Bhadgaun,
!'I'I<lntions Makboprim.8 How,)v.::r, th~ ston<:l inscription of the S"WI\Z King found
at Tu l tlChchhu Tole in BhadgElUn also muntions Khripung Grmna.9Tw st-on",
inscription fcud at Y': ~.:· l':l ToLl .::.150 nYantions N.!lkhodulu.LO Prim 000 Dulu
a~ suffixoJs. Thus ail th~S<l tb.N0 nrunos BOUnd thJ sruna phontJ'tlcl:lly. 'l'I US
m:::ms that tflcj thr:i;;;i ' Mm;;S curr,mt during tn::: Lichchhnvi p-.:riod w.:r..: t ll,::,
~ar li~r forms of KhwlipU, th·;: m'.Jdil..:Vill oom.: of Btt:'d grun . K::w.:.pu is L0'" t"~
oounc(;d by th~ NfJwari-spe<lking pooplus .!lS Khop . It su ... ns to · h~vt:I l::t;quir ",d
the Sanskrit noma of Bhok~pur 's inc~ ~~ ~di~v~l p~riod.
Th~ Pato;n Ol'l;j<) too ~ad not. Qcquircld .. n urb3n charuct.C:- during th~ Lich-
chh~vi period.farmbrly, th~ru ~xist8d s~v~ra l vi11 ~ gus in t his ~re~. p~~Ln
town emc.rgad from th", r;l'iJwth of- th(!s", v111agbs.
' 11. Nnpali, 'w" But ?<lburam 1Lcharyo has put forward tb<;' strangtl tlrg~nt t.huti
.~ t.!'!i.i ttn'm .y'Up8 1s·,o f Kirati origin. Th", t,,,,rm ioG :I ctua lly uf Stmskrit :>rig in •
.. . :~
r~ , . . -
12'. ~il~kh Sangraha, p. 26; Gnol1, pp. 90 and 113.,
-,
, .•
J. ~ '" .~ • 111111 11 III 11111111111
; (S . B.-..J:.Iaharjan).
Regmi R~BCarcb'(Pr1vilte) Ltd
Kothmanduz' October 1, 1973.
Editod By
M-lhJ~h' c. ·RJgmL.
" '
Conwnts
, ,
,.
. ,
1851x
. In case any person conuuit.s adultery with a marric::d woman, nod tht: husband
_files a complaint, the court ·shall f!ealize Ra 28 fronl thCl aJ::.lt..: r",r 1~nd
hand it. ov~r to the husband.
::n incest is involved, action shall be taken according to the 1£1'w.
Ctl S6
.
, ,. .
t\ JlIisi Brahman snall not t ake up the wif£:- of his elder brother as his
own wife after th<: deat.h of -sucil broth~r. In ca se he does so, th(;' woman
shall be ~perated snd the Mln shall be tired with Ra 20.
1, person b81onging· to the Khas or Khasiy~ ca::te :: "wy t .;;:ke up tht' wife
of nis e lder brot.h'lr as his O\ffi lOifo a fto r t tk d·=:at.h o. sl.:ch brothor wit!":
her con rent. He ner.d not pay any lOOney far doiq; so. No fint; sh<l ll bb .
impos u i on him on' the g nnmd that h~ has t.ake n up the wife of his (:."c. ,
{-J lder brother as hts own wifo . But if tlk younger brothor takes her away
forcibly. even though she W':lOts to ranlOin chast.a to h .. r ( dea d) husba nd,
b. shall be p\Uli sh~d wit~ . a fina of Rs 20 . The woma n sh!lll b", pormitted
to go wh03rever mo wants. I n CDSO her paternal r~ l a tiv.;s giw her away
forcibly to tho yo,,,.~ ' ):' , b:r:othor (of her doa d husban d) or :my othGr pJrso n
on payn~nt of nnn~y, t.he 3I11ount sl1tl11 b<:: r·",co V!~r c·-j ':1d II fin; of Rs 20
sna1l be imposad on th~.
,,
.182, '
(Continued)
Question
• -- .. 'Did
. , bA' find any inscription thero '1
QUestion
He did not ~y anYthihg sbout 'inscriptions. But he thinks ttlSt tll:t
"ruins belon€1. to tht:l 6th c,mtury B.O.
i·n ewer
•
Does ttli5 show that Ma.Ll.apuri was loeatea llcrosa the: Gundala. nvt:z 'i
MSWtlr
-Mallapuri was located in ' the ancitillt homeland of the Mlllas. When
th ~ Guptas were vanqulsood by the Huns, thf:j frontiE.,r chieft3ins bdcltne
:' '''o:! p.:p'2ndent~ When'h":! care to' know of this ', Manadt:va led .'In expo:!dition th t::r~.
l:~ r!:' are reforon6es to sho'v that..he took with him horstfs end ~ lt:phtlnts
"to fight "a wBr ~ "His ro ut.: llJY through Narayangaqh across the Triveni riv>-r.
COl1td. ~ ..
:. ...'1.8,.
.
~estion
.' ..
'l'htll'fl weril taxas of msny kinds, of "Which H... llDkara was'one. Sylvsin
Levi was wrmg in ssying·: thllt it ll13e.nt a t ax i rnpos·,d on th~-l ,MDllss of
Baglung.
··C.:·.: .
•
Q.uestion
.hllSWC:T
..
Tha Thllnkot inscription l!Illy mdon that it was u tax on wrestling,
like G0j'"11dJ!'"'IIOI'."..l (t~ y. on bull fights).
\l.u;.'st.ion
." .
But th:~ b:trm used in the inscriptions is Mnl.laka ra, not MDllayuddhe-
kara . Tb<! issuo is _8. cont.ro . v~rs~a~ o~. But' D S T.U-dY, ofUchchhavi . ins,~ri:P-!l~1
tions wouhl show that .Mallakorcl ~ant · a tax: i m?Qs, cl on an animal; kt· pf\;'s. .
rnol\::~, bur tatoo5 of "o c~rtain ktrld' ara knolm as lIMc1-l':;,r..a . 1l Thdre. is no dirt:lC~
-',' reference to m01El b.uffuloes . jiurlilg tooc' .Lichchhav1 .period. You have said .
th::lt r-taQadevr took buffolo~-ment~ hut . r:::-.-Ih(lre in thQ ins \.;L'"iptions j.:j, tho ra
Contd •••
. 184.
. '.
My r ,!fcr oncc to male buf fa l~s.l Th~re was no sepa rtlte
tax oa the youn g
of Mnlla kllr s. _...
. ones · o! chic ken i! nd pigs , but ther e WlIS one in tho OD SS
buff alo'. Tb,., .
Thi s ' obvi ous ly' lI).~ ans that .tha t.,arm ka Ua ne a ~.t_ the mp l a
que stio n need s furt h er r tlse lJrch ".
.knswer
..
,-Vi'shiiugup~ was ~ son ,of . Jlsh nug: upta .
~ues ticn
J,bn1rll~upt a s 'I
What was t heir I'>:Jl&t lons hlp with ttw form ar
They bBlonged to the sama fam ily. Is not tht1r~ evio onca t hat tht:y -.::..
weN tho gr :'nds ons of ~twumBguptcl 1
QueB tion
..new r _
BhulJ.e. g~ ta • .
~eBtion
i ns c rip ti c ns
Bhumagup1;a is mcnt1oIl(~d on : y ll t t wo p lll;::as . Mo st. of th ~
Jlsh nug uptJ. ; snd .
m'.lntioa Bhau lMg upta .- On ly in 'Chu lD 'k 'r insc ript ions of
Na~;lIl;dra deva is t.h'; nan ~ giv,-, n . a ~ :~hu~~~~a~
•
Con td •••
18:;.
-'. .
. J,nswr
.,.: .' -.
.' . Bnumagup 11:1 . and Btisumagupt..'l e: ro two -dif£{Jr ent pur SOD S.
occupiad the .throne, whiL.> BMwn:lgUpta -ba-d Jlo_t ',-
;;Uost.ion "- '. -
i.nswer
BhWI'IBguptB is th-l ona who irult<iL1.ed t thl i dol of frJdhllnilkantha ' NarnY~msl
not Vlshnugupta. This i s ' stated in the i n3c r1 p~.::..o n found in BudhaniIkanth 8 •
WhOS9 pr<l 1 s~s IJl\:o givan in the' b : ginning of b .: ins~r1ption ? '
Question
. -Tnis is known bt;oaUsu' pratstis or Vhhnu -al.so .ar~ found at. 't.hCl Bum",
placa.
Qutlstion
This dot:lB not S~i;}m to b ... 'Chu Ci.dh"' , 'lb:!t was t hu ago:; of Sh.snknra-
aarayana. 1fforts had been IQ&da to bring about harroonyallDni Va15hnoviSrr.., ~
and Sh',ivist:l. This hns buun clulll'ly statad in ttw ThlopDtan inscri::;>tion" .
of Swan:.iv.:x t.w . Bhaum:.tgupta wanted to bring about harmony b-Itwwn Vn i sh-
navism .:lIld Shllivism. Thl:lrefoN, t his inscription do(-s not prove thd th.
Budhanilakantnll idol \HIS insta llod by Bhumagupte.
imswer
'',rlhat<:!vtU' may "ba tnf:l . C.!l80, since ' tht::: prCli.s.;!; 0"£ 'Visnnu hllVd boong 1v~n
in th'" insCription of Budl'lanil:akanth<l 1ist:L:, this SOOMS to hay;; ruferrnd
to Budhllnilokenthll, I.ltrough that was thIJ ago of Sh•.ankc r3ntJrayana, t hl1
then ruhirs rcspectf:d both Shaivism tmd ·-Va:lShnDvism. - 'lhe ·1r.scription 0-£"- .
Bh8sbJrleshw~r~ stx:lws that too son o~,. Rayigupt? Jlsd. 1nl;l~Bllod ·th:.: :tdr.lp;l~ o!.- .
-- ,. .
RavishwarD ' 1n-\ha n8rrr~ -of his father
"
. •
Question '.
Cont.d •••
186.
, -.
. , ~ .' . . .
Thtl -'L:LC.hchh8Vi · Kingdom Wl1B very slI\8ll during the period of M:lnadevo.
MDnlldu,!,c, n~"-e t' , ,p'I'O:q~<~dod '~v~_t ,O~. '.th" SlJllkoshi. His Kingdom did ,not oxt8J'ld
rtl r boyo nd Sindt;luli-GC'ldhi. ~ ~ t ~ ~~:t, h3 "did "not ere's s , the 'V{shmuTlDti
riv~'r i bi.lC6U$~ .j;.he ..rogion wos mt. Very popu~ijs~- The Lichchhllvis did no t
\1stab~isi:l :;MW sett,.laroonts. Menade~~ ,could go nnyWtlJ:f~! on hqr's o or ul... pnrmt
, back. lm hl1ci , gore to MDllllpqri ,aiao. S1nc~ th" p6Pl:UBtion was very sma ll
a t thtlt timE! , the t(jrr~'t9~i.:!r : ~f- '·N~8 ,1. in th:! .r"!s t wel"!" limited.
Quo:1s tion
If so, rnony fc qdal ·lqrds (SClmi.lntl.i) helVE; bcH"m IIIdl. t1orud in toh<:l inscrip-
tions of the 1ichc hh~ vi pu r ied . For ;;:x<!mp l c , it 'is said th ut Samnnt<> b:Jwl:ld
dC)'.ftJ b<:ifor u Basantad.:.vo . J!.ven th,~ inscription of J\mshuva:r ;.:'] stdt8S tha t.
sovr"r a l'Sllmantas cam'c1 to orfor th(~ ir oboisance to him. 'Wh0 ",-' c.i.d,thcy coma
fl'ODi: ? _
Answer
~estiori -,
But the inscriptions of Amshuvarma mention the same thi!1g> Th~ insc ri f' -
tion of Changu and otoor places also ' nvmti'oi'i tha to "SaI'!l2.l'ltas' CDme -to knshu:"
varmA ' to offer obei5anco'.
,>newer
.' .
,_ ,Th.is ,i :~ no t. correc t. By Samantas the y , tneant ,duttl ka s postdd et diffa--
rent placas.
, .. ,
Contd •••
167.
Question
Samantas arrl dutakas are different. Gov~m.t;lnt off:..c ials woo convtlYI,d
tbtl order of too King. to .t _ne: pooploil wer~ ealled ·dut..akaa.:Variou5 gov,jrnrn=..nt.
officials are StOIdn ·t o.. ha~ bJiom ,appointed BS dutakaa. ".I.attil r, Crown Princ(;S
w{;r~ ~rpo intud in this c'apacity.~ On ' tl'le otrur -hand,;. ,Samc::ntas .f.lru P~t.'LY
'- chieftains who pO' id tr.i'Ju-w •. This ' ts avicitlnt' .trom ·, :t~e -d!Jscriptiop of tn ... ir
Crowns in . inscription!l'. - :r'lWrefore, 'Sllmantas and duwkas - 8rti not -th., S6r:le .
',\": l',;ore did th;; 'Saman:tas of tik1Purvadt:lsha (e£lst) mt:ntion(;:d in thG .ChEln~
narayana ioscript'i,on .of' Manad,;va 'bfAong to :1'
AnS\kr
TbA :re.gion situl'1wd bcltween S~nga and PurnlJvDti ~:>~nauti) was call", d
' PurVadosh. Th.1:! S:. ;!\o".lL.o$ b (~long~d to this region.
Quostion
Do~s , not . tho - description .of the Samantas, of ; PUrvtldcs ba ,as , rogUOB
(ShsthD) refer to th n Kirgtis ? -
.Answer
Answar
Contd •• •
'. ,
188.
.- "
s nd it was nu c(:ssa.ry - to chac.k th.;rn. ·.Dt.i'l::rwiSd J they wou ld hav", r , lIChdd
Do 1.3khe . Ap insctiption of IIShri ' iW.l3habhimanl" (.iwnshuv6rma) has bedn
I'ov.nd a~ Hul ko t. Tcis is sufficient t.o prov(o tbllt ~huvarJTC.'s r ule was
.,)xt.\;Jn~ ci up to that Dr (;ill .
4;ucs'tion
J.nsw-Jr
, ,
I too bad fOWld an oarth9n jar full of coins Ul Gorkhs. - ThaSt:: coins
hl!d l'(;llche d Ba glung fr om GorkhD . ,Wnsuvarma's ru~ bad enended to Gor kh£l.
H~ had colonizud Nuwako t. i.mshuvlIrma open~ d thtl rout G of Chi taun"'"C"ldhi,
Wh i.:> r O Rnnakrishna Kunwar twd live d for Cl long t.imo.
'3ut'.!stion . .
"
ThiD JleaIlS that Nepal.1s t..)rritoI'J' "l~S small ouring t~ p;'rlod of
Menadli'v<l . You had wri tt""n oncl.! in ,In ar"i ~ 1 ~ that :•.: p L: 1 was big .during his
r ub . ~ihy this diffl:r.-: l'!-:-: ?
I.nSW'3r
No.N ~ pal's t.:;rrltory was not btggur during tilt, rult · of M£al'&d\3ya • .But
it increllsad during tlvl rule of 1~5h uva rmD. H,) oxt...mood tho boundarllJs
b, c.:..us.-.. it was nuc",ssB ry t o do so. '
Qu~s t1 0 n
. lIn inscription of ..Sa mudr:lguptD found L'1 .i.iJ...:l hobJd ~ 3t3 ws t ha t. h·" W' ,
th ... ruidI' of t.rl... n ;gi on fro m Kamarupa .·to Kartipur 111Clud~~ '~~P:Q.l;,_ If
-.
tl", p.:.ll. ltloIlmt on ly .t.hG. v.::l ll .~y at thllt tl.JIIO, woor... did it touch K~marUpa c nd
. ~rt.ipur 1".
;..nsw~ r
,
Ther3 ".Jss no civ1l1z t'l d country 3t tltI t ·tirol;, • .lw~r'Jbody WOlf;; uncivi-
liz ~d there.
Qu£stion
Contd •••
onc. Inscriptions of Basantadl,lva too h£.vv 00.'11 f0und in Tistung Cllong with
thvs, of illr.shuvLlrm.:;. . Th'·r<:for<J~ it SiilOms \Ulr~<'lsonab ll3 to say t~t N..;p'-i.L.' .;
boW1di..lr~5 Wl"'<:' ~xkndud only ·during tll:J ru)..,;o o~ iunshuvsrtna • .
tnsw.;:r
Y';:5, tiwzw i s . 'rh", y .:·n r t oo nas lk~n givt:n. Ttk y~' or ond thu·· num,.. o f
th..: King ar~' both sal:n in th"," tr"'llscript srnt by' K.:Jis..;r Bt.hadur. Only t.h.;.
n idcL portior. is illegibli;..3
I ' too had 3e '~ n it. The tlrm BhlIttarllka Mahoriljl.l is not m· ntbn:.d in on"ol
of th0SG im criptions, and tll) ..,uL')~ t o .) SU02ms to b., s horWr. · 1 MQ r;.~ <.:d
it. a long tim :~ .:::go.• 'fhtll"!;:' .:1" " 0:.:':.' two inscriptions at. Tistung.
'...u·:.;s tion
Throe inscriptions hvve bw'O found tht) r .), ond - c f ' Bt)sn nt3d~ vo e nd tw::.
of Amshuvllnne.
'~ut;:s t1on
luiswo r
tJo. Ho; did mt cOOiudr. territoria s llcross th-' Dudhkosh i, but W.::
c<3 rtainly pracaooed up to Gorkhll a
•
..... . . .
,
, ;. . l h f:l insCription of BlIsantcd:vll fourd at 'fis'b.mg i s d :. t~d LJ4 Sl.lmvc t •
j . i!istoric a l Mtiti)ria1.5 in The Tistur,g-Chitlang R.:.giun.
Contd •••
. 190.
Quustion
~ nd
. -'
..WhM ..did 1ichch b.lvi r ul -3 ?
-
I./u.: s t.lvn .
J-.llswur
•
~.llof t h",m w<:Ir C. 1ichch/lDVis . Th~n:, wa s no chc.ng.;: of dynHsty. Hl::Io
this bl,;t. n th~ c .. st. , a dif fc. r " nt. e r a woul ci lw v.:- bu...n u3l.-d ..
·!iut:lst i o n '
Wo) hlld consi cr-"r ·:: d pI',' viously tha t th;, Lichcp.tla vi p.:: rlod last",d up to
th,j r ul !:' o f J ·, yt;d ,~v!l ":I . .-
Qu(o s t lon
What, 00 yo u thinlc abo ut tho ~ ,viOl( thll t dyarchy PN Vil ll ~ii ' dur.:i.~ -·t 'h. o
Th ,~ re W<l S no dyarchy lit tiny ti !Tl;~ . L-r.Ly onv mD. 1l can 'r ut.:. , no t two .
•
Y.;a , only t hat.Li k.., '!'richa ndrfl COU....gc: during t h~ t. :_ ~{' of Ch;:ndr'::;
., Sho. tn::; her •
Contd •••
191.
Question
Whtlt is your opinion roJgnrding th0 uxistcnc~J of two I3roS duriJl€ t boo.
Lichchhavi p:.::riod ?
I h.'..: v" f -:sc ribo::d onc ~s Koahanu Samvat. It cof!'lil.;Jnc",d ' in t.htloontb. of
Kartik. It was d1ffe~nt from t.hv Shak.:! ~ra.
\'1111 you giv~ any proof that i t was not thH Sh'lk.:t iirCl ?
Iojuf:lstion
--
J,[J,swer
,
Th,in "1 t - is prov(..d thDt -ttiis 'Y6ar cOI'JlIlli,::IlCod in Kartl.k. Th..:. Sn~ko 1(:).:r
comm~nc~ c l.n th~ month of ChS1tra.
4.utlst.ion
Contd •••
.·192.
. ,'
(..rut;.s t ion
No. Th~ Vikrama ura was madu to b~gin in Kartik becausa thJ Nepa l I;'Tl1
. .
too cOIl1ll ~' nc c,d in this month.
:. ' . .'
"., .'
Que stio n
Th'; Vikrsm tlrll hllS b"un ~.~ scribo~ . Bs :. b(lglnn~ in K.:lrtik in: som.~
parts of India too-.
i lOS\II9 T
'lhc r .' 31',' !'.;IllSOnB for it. Thc)N ls tht:l tradition of tho yam- "b.;g:"n-
ning ln Kartik -in ' Kashmir, Tnis sYstJm, W'l ls .lntfQduc6C in th<; "regions wbich
had ca n'ttlots with K"'flbm1r~ tt '11\81- be , for this r ea so n that the- yea r c ".J mrr~ ncL I · ·
in KB rtik is fo und in India'; . " . , t:>
's'u ~ s t. ion
i.nsw':1r
i.,u~ 8tio n
O(,n'? r a lly, 18 yGElrs ab:luld b c;' added to th'J Koshllnu .;! 1"!l to m6k':' it
tti ;'~ Christian ero, ond 135 yoors for th'l Vikrntllll era.
Contd •••
t:.I.uestion
let us discuss this .qucistion :ftlrthar. Whut· 'do -you thirik aOout. th:..
ern which started during th.·" 'ttm-; of ~huvanno ?
•
Answer
I have dGscriood this as tht:: latnr Kostt mu ~rO.
QU<.-stlon
'.
('fo Bo COllt1c\lfld)
I( 10llt 1I1I1UI1iM 11
194.
x
Trade And 'Industry In Ancient Nepal
By
T~ trad", and lnUllSt.ry of th~ Kir'a t pt:riod s;.o c.m.., to·· havEr sssillnCld «0
"orl:<Hliz<:ld form during tru Lichchhrivi p:ricc· :J l~o.
~il.a·· Rl::J
Sl.lrestha, U?r&chin N.. palkoi J.ntclrrash'tr1ya Udyog - R..:J VYDpar.U
(Int~rnationaL Industry and Tr.:Jdo of hnci"nt. N~p~.!.). Gorkh;::p a'tre,
Bbadrtl 2), 20)0 (SQpt"moor 8 , 197)), ~. S.
Contd •••
L95.
Th~
Poshupatl :1nscription of the n2riod or' the Lichchhil Vi ruler
_Naran~rad~va .mr~Ilt,;ons;th,1 ~ t.::C' . ;x.. <,sant.;; of thllt r "-'r,ion w"ro' ~,Y..omp t ed )
trom . unpsl.d lobor obll.g!!i;l.Ol}s l.n for"" ign count r ies .. .lhe Yt:ngu!.; .:.: ::a l (P.:!t 811
'in sc riptioI!' of : th_e ;'" pi:r i"l.od c.r:- Narl.mdrsQ:!vs- makos a simila:t:' st3'Wrn(.:nt. This
- in :"':!'iption shows · th<'l t Jha. gov'~ r~nt at , that · t~ provid~d tr .iders con~
dU!,;ting tr.:ld·~ with Tihf;!t-wi.th. th~ facilities lof,- fOI'C Hd and unpsid 1800::-
in ordl.'lr to
;ex t~' nd co_o pe r1ftion . -to thiJm,"
- ", "
Th!' !1l<.'oufncturn of woolen goo'd s, suc h as · blan kl~ t s / · flouris i1·.'· ( \urLnr;
tJlo K1ret perio d ; ' During ttl:.;, Lic ~, c hh3vi p":2riod, 8dibl·~ 0::'1. , 1:'on, C:'lF~d'
"l~.'nsil.s " t axtilc:.:s l d'y~s ', musk .::nd pap ,~:, w r ~ mdIluf" ctur8 d'.. rkp.;:.l' hOd
l, ~a rnt from China : 'tb,".:,art of mtlking p.!lpvr during the 7th cent.ury 'h . D., ~s
and India similDrly 1l:Drnt this from N,"pal dur.ing the 10 t h century. Expor
of N",pali , paper to" North India oo.d TibJt _'during the Lichchha\1 pe riod.
indiCDt,.~ the d,::,w wpm<mt of p Dp.;lr \1lDnufacturtng - during -that period •
• tll inscri !ltion' f ound. ,3t Sangll b",longing t.o -th:: p\3r'iod' of i msnu" ... l'JTI:J
:3t"t",s "t ljtlt 011 m111~ "..-,r ,· . j x<!ll1~<:ta,fronrt.tl.t; i;;,;'vy amounting t.o: 13 jars
of oil. ,,It -_b l.so rut,.;rs to oil- "'!i ils. This'snows tnat 1.h"" oH inCJ:.:!'" try·
flourishod in totwt ,DNiI,:oux:ing ·,the p~.r ioa o f knfl h11VOorTllD '. '
Musk ' was £:x\:.ractK.d in Nep&l . from ::nc bnt. tilnl:ls. tj'::P :": :li lIjusk ' WDS
fmooU$ ~; v;jn _ in South , Indi .3 . Th.. inscription ,of
th.. South 'lndien 'KUlg ,
"Yodava kr1.shna . of
th~· 13th _centl,ll'Y mtmtions t.h ~" :whiu, yakla t s ils Dn d
musk of Nr>pal. T hCl r-~ are so~ other r t)f£<ronc (;)s :too r agarding N.",PBU mu:;k
l1uring th.} lIncit3nt .pariod. ion J\rllb text _of . th,,: _8 i;.h _ctontury, HUdood-i)~~Il~'
, . 1.
'- shoWS" thllt the l;l'ab countri ~s ilrq:>ortcd musk from ~{<:- p .':ll during that p.; rl o ,, ·
. z
History. Of pc;iUin .
~l.kram
Surya
..
Gnyawal1 •
"
.***-
.
, .
'. ,
Vie have !Seeri -above, that Kings o~ .. th~ Chhetri dynasty "with tho;l word .
.
Simha, et ,the end of' ~~-ir nam~lI ruled .rat~n at th~ ti,nIh -whtln N"pa.~ WB;J
divided attar the" dei.lth of Y;:Iksha lo{alLB".. Tberti la E:vldl.:mc e:. that t.~Stl
Chh.:tri Kings ' had IIISt.rimonitll r e lations wi tb - tonb a nci~ nt BDins ThDkurls
of l'i:ipa l. Two inscriptions of this perlod shoW' toh;.)\. t tLis dynasty rul~d
Pat an for fiv(\ or ,six gl)nj rfl t1 l)~ S wi th th3 status of l.ndepimdont Kir.gs.
&n. ~ they rE'llllllin·, d as ordlnllry !i!ud~ ! chiefs "'hen there were strong ruLers'
in Kathmandu This is proved ,b y th>-j Vpmsh8vall accoWlt. (Wtigh t, p . -2')7)
0 "
'l'hti"ru is cv1dooc~ to provv that Pat.an h!.ld Wla.Jr Shivasimha an.d co~
placed 'undt:r t h-:l contro !. of his son, ThBkulas1mhLi , bofoN .1.60) A. O•. j ',
manus c rio t ":1 I'ittl:)n in J,~st.ha 717 N",pa.L. "ra '(1597 A.D.) Udur::..ng tn.... roign
of ?ur 'm o.c, 1'nsim1w U hus bt! -.j n f ound_ This shows trult. ' Shiv.5 Silllh.:l ha d c()nqu,,- 'r ... d
P~tAn 50m3 tin~ "bi:t:wt;on 1597 and 160) A,D~ (Ibid) •.
. .
. . ' -
ShhDSifuila did ·not haV~ to fight e major \-:e r to cOrJ:l~r Patsn. It 'ib
. po ssiblo that h", wd th.~ · sup port of t~ nobk8 of Potsn, ana thtlt th'.~ 'y
acc,~ pt his suzerainty as soon ss h~ 'W L!nt thurtt a l ong with his t,roops ., \11.'
havl) a lr'3acV m:.mtionf1d .:lbovEI tba t after eotXluaring Pat .:n Sili vasimba
.eppo inted ' his son , Thakul~s imh D , £IS rule r ,of P~ tD n. Probably b.,.CClUSt: ,
i'hliku ~vs i ;:n"'!.,j d~ r'l( soon, Shiva simha appo intad aooth ' :-, s on) P.a rihara S::'mhu ,
.. to .th is positl.on in, . 728 . .I'J"po 1 ,, ~ <.I (1608' ,.h.D.). H<:lri h:.;rflSitllhil 'too ~ i c d . '
..
'. Patan';'~ tbx: -Kingdi:lm o.f Siddhin.srl:ls~h~ -~b ilD J 'lS LII llocllint. Sr..:: t.:~:. Vt
N,,'pOl VCl llo:::Y. Buddhi'st v.ol\lJTl.;:s s'If.<:Itd .. hai.. -.thls t;Jwn- htJ\;1 b;.:.jn estDbl1sh.:Jci
by imp.:.:ror i' sook,-' r;f ,India. Th" -fvur st'UP!lS found clt, P,JU;n n,::d btk rl instCll,L.(J
by ~.sholi:.:l him9~·. lt. In <111ci:..:nli lii~s, l •. t.(,m W·'.S ,J c·.,nt.:..r of t.h~~ Buddhist.
!'·~ ligi'.:.. n. Mcurding to th.: Vumsruv3ii, Siddh1nar<ls~hahn':'l<:i tir;b.d -'to mlik
t.his - town prospf.lrous and populv_u s. H,:, bui~t wat~r s-p.Ju~ , ano.l tunks ' .&t .
v<'lrwus p),ac.:s- ~nd arrallgt.·d fo.r :,pubUq en~c'rta~nts by stllrting now
fO:! st,ivo ls.:,nl:l model t.il'- poopl-: prosperous oy_d6vtlloping tra d;:=.,
.'
, .
'. . - ....
' .'
C:mtd •••
199.
, .• !~H.DtQly', pfi.,r hr) . ll_S"a..:nd;:,d ,thJ thron' .i n 777)~f,"p3i' tJrD' (1657 A.D')J •
3lrihivllsQ Malla hpdll ' qWll:rel Wi. th: -Kathmondu. ,In t;ollah:-;r:lt1on wl.th KlnS
Jagatprnlu,lshS t(ol.~ of Bhtlktapur~ 11;' f'1ugh..t ~ bait1=. With King PrQt.Dp
l-l.:llla of Kathmandu .. . Thie bllttl·: set,ma ',to hov.: bf"-n·ditV,d Jagdtprak~riha ,
"Malta, because .t!te~i:Hit~S ··. bl.oCkBdad by Pr8~P ~lla ·_ 'We~ - reop~ned. If Bny
two alllmg three Kingdoms of dqual.str,·: ngth ' coll\.lde~, witn suoh o th"r~ th<:.Y
could defect t.he ·t hird one. ; PrilUlP IoW,Ua undtlrstood this Wt:lU. ThilrofoN,_
h.:: forgot ' hiS .priao' Dad inuJ)~diat:~ ly b!;cam,~ f riend-iy wit.n Shrinivasa MoU.<I. ,
Notwithstanding th.- ir tio'st1:l.ity) ' thu t .... o l<illgs : stOlblishod. frbnd ly IY 12-
tioos bacausf: 1.h;:y wp.l':~ 'clos" l"Hl,a t1. ves. Prat;Jp J'II.a 11n ('<lMot 00 b lwnr.d
for this frif: nds hip, - ,~u~ i't wes:_impl'ppllr for St}ri.J;livosa MaUD to col !.u?~
ioIith Pratap M« 11 "I by b~traying Jagf,ltprakasha Malla. Utor th€ establ1S:1-
n1"'.nt of frit"JndSh1p . "'i~h: Pratllp M~lla, ShrilQ..vllsa. Hallo bP.c<IITI';I g"ntlr3l uf
th ~" joint army of Kathm ~'!j du and'ratan cnd inva d~J d Bh<:,.k~apur in saa N,~pc l
t!rll (1660 .A~P~)._ 11 rn1lit:ir$' outPo~t in Ch.:lngu wns ." s a t on fir~, . ~ p'3r sor.:i wer~
kilbd and 21 C.::lPtur;.,o •. 'Jaglltprakash<j Ma Ua ord",r ed the prison<dors to b'J
bf.lhiI.'lood at. - :ternpl'!'s~ It·.wf.\s, t.heI'l?for:=, n£ltur<ll for Kathm:mdu an~ f'at.,:,n ,-
to b '_~ comoJ o~ry with BhQktupur. ~fith th·-.; obj",ct..ivn o f taking reveng .=, '-:,h,;
joint. forq .. s 'of Kathm.:lndu Xl;d patdn occupLd ' BunJ:=gr,.rn, .:l nli'(i t~ry out.t-'os t
in Cb.:.mpagr~m llnl Cno.r puri, In 882 )1.:p;;,.J. tiN (1662 A.D.),. Shriniv.:ls<: "",i l ,: .
1001:...::d N<1kad.-:sh and'ciccupidd ThiJni. Jogl.l!;.pr <:.kllshD 'M alL! W(J.S to~iJ.Y a. ~ ·~ .-"t.J
. in this bllttl-::,. onci ~" th·~·n -r~t1.r.. d .from tlctiVtJ politic!; .
' " .' .
Wh."o this h a·Ll.", wus fought, ~ . JbSUit priust ntlll;.:d GrUoo.1ber haa com ,,~
to Napnl on his way ~ buck from Lb8~1l. H:.: h.. s d.:lsarib"oo tu·.:- N"p.;;l of thoJt
t1m-.:, 11;8 KL~gs, and t.h.:; bat ·: ;U fought at. that, tilrL:;. ~ O!lS · ~f",rr:.:;d to
King Pratap Mpll!> of ·Kat;.p.~ndu and King Shrinivas1:I Hrillu of Patc:n. Accord-
ing to him,. Shrin1wsa Mll lla tllld El good physiqUl: '~ lo'ath.::r Gru;., ber also s .. w
the joint ormy o f Pr~tap Malta and Shrinivaso }La1.la which w as ready' w •
fight. th.J ·: n~II\Y. H~ hss writt.m that Shrinivasn Mall;::. ordcr"d his troops
to :n'-;..~· ckth~ ,~n,"my \oIh<!n h~ S:lW th'!'ir troops Il:'llI' ioIith th·· l. l ,~~c")PcJ \.)1"
,Fatht>Ii Qru,·~bGr. . . .
.
_:Sl1Coiuse .of th", mut.ua l hostiiit.y o;ltWG."n thb-' Kings of ·pin.cln c nd K~"\..i"!
. . mendu; or becnus:; th"'y had II tUl.dSCOp .• , tbJ.'So"::l missiQnnri<)s r-. c,~iv :o d :!
w!lrm w.;: lcoIll!.f. Thuy wcro offorrld .:ll~ n:.;c$'ssaz;y ~{;cil1,:\'bs if th'~"Y d .. 3:&.r .. ~
to stay in N~P;ll. ,l)}..-.
to tho goo dwill sho"!n by ,t ht-: Kings of U _pill, tht.
. missi:mnrios t .b.ought' that tbr~y did ro.t -oppo s·~ Christinity, although tht~y
""'~r"~ Hindus . ~ . . .- - .
. . . .
. After gaining victory oV-lr Bbaktup"u.., Sb.riniv"lsll ~lla.mint,..:.da
Jobher coin . in his nanu -in 786 N ,pal ern (1666 A.D;), in wbi.ch -h(J ass\.Ul"J,:·j
:~£i"'~ _ ~tl..; . 91. tlNo-;>paloshw{lrn" (LDrd of tl:~ pD l ) ~ Yrotnp Molls was not abl,' t o
/" vppOSG this swp, This shows that his pow~r had d ~clin,", d.
/--
Contd •••
Shrinivasa Malla too was a religious man like his father. _He built
a · number of ~mples in Fatsn and r~novated saveral others, acc ording to
tht! VCl mshaVDl1. I n 787 NoiI pal era (1667 A.D.), hH built a 3-storey palacl!
in thl~ soutn(Jrn wing of the Mulcbok palace for /\gamadt! vata, _ as we ll a s a
'Wmpl a of D-.:.gutale. Hr- increasud the nlUtlber of stoNYS i n the temple of
S.:J.rv(: shwar, which Md bE:!'..' n construe tcd by Sthiti Mall~ 1 from 3 to 5 Dnd
r " novatdd tho.) t;;tnk there. H?I also 8 xwnded th ... dancr, f '·; s'tival in th>t month
01' KlIrtik, stal"t.P.d by his f ather , f rem 15 to 2$ days. According t o tht,
V,.,mshavali, Shriniva s6 Mal13 perfonn~d s c v~<t1 such :r.!ligious act s ~
•
Shrinivas3 }WUa St7(;ms to hAV.! b~coDlf:l an nsca t1c by f o llOwing in t M
f oo t:3t(;ps of his f <l th ·~ r . This mi ght ha~ hep;>'Jn-.)d in ttl<l year 805 N,,::p.l l
e r a ( 1665 A.D •.), b l;CllU S,"! a Hohe r coin of this y e ar, mint.. d by his son
ond succ e s sor, Yoganarrmdra ~lla, is found •. YogD.lUlr ~ nd:,,& Halla ll l s o in-
scr P .. <. ": two of his t\ulogilt s, in :.ddit.ion w th.:. 118m.:.s of his qUil.-:nS , in
this c01n.- Th-d words uSangit&rn:l V:lpaNga U show thllt h,,; nad ~ good kllo".' l::: dg '~
of music lInd dancing., J'nothur oulogy mintvd i n t h\;.' Il<2~" :~ coin is 1I 1'l 8 p ~ 1.1l
Chudamoni l1 • This pro~d thtlt. h<:.' -.l i d not C.:lr iJ muc i, i'or t. l),.. cont ~mportJr:;
ruler s of tI~al.'
Th~t Yoga nb rundr~ ~a 11 a wus a sp~ ci& l d~ vot ~~ of ~ts~ndr u no ~ho i s
prow a by his coins, b",oous!:l' !,; coin mint dd ' in 806 N.l p~l dra (1688 i&.J)~ )
by him cont,..:.ins t.hu word ulokllnat.ba ll e Bl.:ddhists loOrs hip y~tsy\:.ndranaUl ~
.J S Lok.::lOatr..o: AvalOki1:.o'. shWtlra .. ~ll Mohar coins is SUdd in P"t<:,n i':If 'Wr "thi s
p !r iod cont<=.1n the word IlLokanathll tl •
1111 11 11 11 11 11 lOt 11
(s.a. ~narjon).
.'
R':O!gmi R£~B~prch (Prlv~te) Ltd
Kathmondu: Nvvember 1, 1973
Edited By
, M.:lhesh C. Rugmi.
Contents
Pago
11 )( 11 11 101101 If
x •
HiStory Of P"ttm
•
By
. Coiitd~·,••
·.
202.
- The) first ooln of this po:r1od of llnarchy is datod 825 NlP:ll. ", ::,c
(170511..0.). The obverse of this coin contains the words "Shri Shri Lok':'-
nutha ll and uShri Jays Indta Mallal!, and th.. r':.lv ,ra"" nShr1 Bhagyr;v:' t :', R -\' i ,
825 11 (1705 j,. D.). Joys Indre Molls ~5 th,? son of Muniroati D-"vi, ,:! dnughw :
o f ShrinivElst! Ma lls, and thus Yoganarcndra 101",111]18 nep hm~. nut Yog::omati,
d<lu5"hkr of Yog~lnal"t:ndra 'Mellll, did not like JtJYn Indre Na l.lD to buoom...·
King . A Mahur coin d1Jtt:d 827 N~p a l ere (1707 f•• D.), Mt:tritioning thod n.un·;' s
of h~r 50n, Lokaprakoshc twlls, und Yogl'.lm<lti h': rs ll lf, hcls be'.:m found. This
co in b:I<.:rs the n8roo of lokoprakasha Ht,ne:: on on( s id ,~ and of Yogumoti on
th -' othur.This NV9AlS thllt Yog3mati 0ppOs,;ld Indra MDllills cleim to thl:!
throm' , on th., ground that tb\l son of th""l daught~r of Yogllnarondra Hall;! hud
;, s,t roflt,-.e r right to th:.l throne . then th~ son of his sister. It ~nnot ~ 53id
wmm of t a·, t~IO did cont'!mporory .tr .dit1on consider to hllV!~ n stror.gi~!' right
to thr·: thron.) .
'lht- period of th<:: reign of Nnh',ndra Ma lla con..""1Ot b", d.::te rrr.inod. 1;.
!'Iohar coin d~t",d 832 Nt::p31 ~ra (1712 i..D.) b~~:..:ring th e naIfll,;- of Yog<ipr~k:;sha
Malla, has bee n found. According to th e' Vamsht.V.31is, .¥OS<:pNkosha 11Allil .
own':! of thCl royal family of Bhektnpur and w:,s exikd from Bnektopur bI'lC IlUS "
u
hi"! was born und()r tbtl --sign of uMullI • H... too seams to hl:fw \iied soon of
small-pox . '
'IWo Mohar c01ns da t6d 8 35 N'.opal e r e ( 1715 A.D.) and 8)6 N' :pill I3TO
( l7i6. A. D.) h3Vi:l b o..~ n f ound. Th-iso:) coins baDr thd nam {~ o f 'Hridinar.:.sbh:l ,_
On.. a:1d9 of" thQ first coin h~s B lion (Simhn) . in th," centiolr, tlnd t h.:'l WO!'OS
IIHridinare" and llMa1lo I),:;.va u around it. On th;;l oth\,.!r :::id3 , th·J word
Contd •••
~ 203.
II Kl.l rW}(ltll~y8~1 - <lnd th;;. Yd8r .6J5 (1115 A.D.) tiN inscribe d. 1b~ ot.l1t:. r coin
:1,l!i :. c ons1..sts uVirtl HridlnCira u und a 110n in t h.> cl.m~ or of 0:1-3 sich, :l nd
IIKaruriamqoU 00 thd oth" r, olong with th:. d at.'~ , 836 N·.;.'p.J l 0 r a (171.6 ]..• 0 . ) .
He was tll,_, son of II dLugh t:.lr ·of Yog<lllor(mdr:l M.'llo . ' .
. . In 8)7 N':<p.u l erD . ( 1717 It..D.), 1':. ,...;.10 Cd !T1~ . Wld <,l r King Btu.sk.:l !'"-l hI ll .)
'-If Kuthmendu. 'lh(! co ins mint.ud by him :d ' t.;r h.::l tfsc(..:od ,:d t.h,. Ulr.)ll "; of
P~t3n m:: nt,1a n . lIM::sh indrD ·Si.:.o:.: . 11 In .:I MohlJr coin issuzd by him i n t.hc
y'3"l r 8J7 N,.,p.:I l ~ ,1I ( 1717 i. . D. ) , · th" n:!me TtJ3ya Mahindra u on th.:; om~ -s i d',
.. And uSimha Ibvs, 837 KalW'loriwlya U on 1.1l>~ oth<:lr llr a lnscrib.:!d . .'
. coin of Mnh1ndrtl : Simhs, dztnd '835 Nf,jp.=:! l I)n (1715 i;..lJ. ) 11<::;
slso • j,t that t1.mou, ' th", cuins of·· Hrld1n!lr ,:osimh;l -w!;:I";:; 0 1BO 111
c1rculatlon:~ ',This co~n m. ntion s uJ&y:~ M.!JhindN u on on ...' ' sld~J :J nd " SiJrih',
Dvv~ 635 ~ ,jpa loshwaragirindraU on th~, otll<;r. Th ~,s s~ows t.hDt · t ill. t.t\,ron"
of Pstun WllS, offtirt.d to M!Jh.mdra SimhCl in t.ho;: YiJ<lr tiJ5 N ·~ pi.J l ur !J (171 5
... D.) ~ nd that nu mint .... d HohCl r co ins with the titll; IIN" Pdl~st-.wllr'I~ 1ri lllj.r ;" I! .
Sinc e Hr~1nll r :Jsimh.1 M.::lU~ d(JclSI'lo:iI himsolf King of Pawn ut t.n~t tinh",
' }tU.!hinqr.. Simh:J hi:d to w:.Jii. f Cl r two years to t c.; KfJ ov.:;r th£l rub of P.:JUln
i ntu his h<.nd~ .. -~ .
• . .
it. Sulci .coin Cl! M..:.h1ndru Sim,b;) d.)wd B)8 N ~ PG l tar<. (l7i.O J. . U-.) tws
~lso b1:Nn f ound • .Hn.ot.htir nomtl, M.. nindralaXllli, hiiS illso b~ ... n inscrib..:d · ifI
this co in. Mah1ndr&laxmi might bo v", b-=t1n his q~o n.
. :niv 'Kingdo'm of P.'lt l' n s,,"pur<lt ;i d from KuthmM"du in' "842 Nl..po1 ~ r3 (lnd
.a.D', ) Ltft·~ r tho dI111 th .o f Blu:lsk:'r::i 11<l1lL: or M.:;.h :!..r. d~ S1mhn . But h:,w c;on I,
Kingdom b '~ ruttld'w1.thout. .my Ki ng ? That 'was why Yogi:.l pr:!k:!sh<J . Mcll:l, Cl
P.r;inc..J of BhaktilPUI', ·....!IS ,mE.odv i<;.ing' of patan. J. Mohl:lr ' c l)iri ' mint,~ d in .t h".
yo,? r ' of ~ 1.s accesSion to . th~, t hran !;.' has bA ~ n f ound. Th. ~ 'wo rds of IIJ.:.yl'_
yog.Jprakash""lI I'.<- !.le lAJvlI, 842.11 are iAscrib ~ d on on;1 5~~ ; ' 'cnd ~Karunam!ly8U
on th~1 o th<:r _sid::- of tb~ ooiri., l.ccording to th ~ V<!mSh3V:::'l1S Yog<lp:rekns/l..!l
NallD rulod f or - only on\;! ~ a r and -diiid 'o f ·8J!Il)1l...,pox.
. '. ' . '. , .
. .
V1shnu Malle, s un.at ~ · d!lught~ of Yog:m .:a .,;ndril K:lll.:li m.m b ...<c l.lm;":
King ,of PnWn .. Although h'l waB mithrdi:tJd in t:4..:, yoa r 8hJ ' N"pal 0 %'li
( 1723 A.D.), -his first sV:l il,.abl':~ <n iri 1'8 dut ed 849 Nt· p_"i\l -' r ·-:J. (1729 ,iI. ,'D . ) :
•.ccC!rding . to th~)' V<:!'l;Jhnv'] 11" 1 ~~ built -II p.:ll']c<l in ·P., tan J sinc(: h i ~ r c' i ']l
, "WBS poucoful. Hw'tncouregod tllt1· ~op10 to, work 1n tb:i conaU'uctiotl of ttll.i
, p :;l l llC r~ ' by working' him9 ... U ,.. Vtshllu "' MallB, ·ricU.Jlg, on , tl!ti 9Cck of ~n ( l>JPh;,nt;
·cllrri·"!d 2 '0 ,(" ') bricks hJ.ma;alf.· /i0-WOWI"; ,this 'r ,i.l.v';D ls th;; tvlrperalD'-ont. of '
.:l 'King dUri.r@: Cl , pur10d 0.(: ..~e.ca d"jnCe~: -It .is t,ru Ci , ~ha~ 'y~ahnU 'M!l lla. cllrr1...:.d
b ri cks , but on thtl back o f on eltl phant . '- '.
..
Caotd.-.·. ·-
. Tbe bell installed by ·Vishnu· Malla.' at the T,Jle j u tornpla of Patan is
, ,v~:"Y famous. It 'WBS installed':in tbli yeor ·:a S7 N.?pa l. era (1737 ~ . D . ) : Th ,
· insc ription on this be 11 ''Soow,' thll t Chandrfllll:tmi " Davi ' ;,6 S his qU,Jdn (ItJ.h:1S
Prt>ka sh, Part 1, pp~ '6)-64). ' " "
Jd't~ r tht; death ' of Jogajjaya .Malla in 1752 ".D., (sic), Jayaprakbsh:J
lfulta occupi'O'd th'J throns or- Kathmandu and UXptllli:lQ, Rajyapr akasha ~kl ll a .
l,ccording to th(~_ VOI'_!::ha·'", li,. aa jy~, Prilkasba Milla: t.ook r<Jfug;.; in Pdt.On,
and Vishnu Mall a adopwd ' him -as 8 son'. Bu.t ,:wban" the Mohllr coins of RajYll
Prakllsha Malta s how tha 't hH had r~be lled ag<linst Vishnu i".alla. Two of his
· MOOaI' ~oins, dnt ~ d 8S5 N(~p8-1 31-a (1735 J... D. ) and 856 Ni:pal. t:r~ ( 1736 A.D,),
haw boon found. Since ,tpes<I coins Wtl!'(: mint",d during th03 r.J i gn of Vishna
Hallo, o Vidence tho t Rnjya PI'ak.,'\sh MaLla t:a d Nb ~ ll<td ,; gt:~st Vi!>hnu Joi<>l.l.:l
bccom;-:s st.rong. Mor'~ov.,'r, -"ttw nDIJli-; of Yoganar.::n9,r« !-ta U.; ,. ~ s inscribGd on
a ll thes ... coins. Ra jyll l"raktJ,shn Halls t h~ r; by want,.::d . to prav.;! t hSt _hi s
.rig~t t.:> th,· thron', -vas just-,' ond •.at t 'h ::t of tilOSI:! whQ .rul.i: d in Put...:;)
.:lfw r Yogcmer.::ndra Ma lLa 's d,.' s1.h. Th<.l awry that Yog-'>n:.; ~ ; ndra }:ai.~ wu:,
immortal, that. n>;:l would not dk unl\,;ss ~ bird inst.:Jllad abow .. n', ' h,;"d 01'
tb',; S(.lIlnnt. in his statuo flew away, ,and that arrungumoots for hi s f ood
and swap in the ptl lacu shoul.d bo rond~ 'Wltil his o1J sth.'.wlIS concoctvd du.r-
ing this
, . .
'
po:lriod. This story h ~s <I polit.icolllldllning.
This conflict. subsid.;,d wh~n Vishnu M.:.:. lla dl::lchred JWjy<l PN\t:D.5i1.::
tiDllb .!IS his SUCCd550r. '- . , .
.' ViShnu Hallii S\l:.;ms to have dL:d in &62 N ~j pH .-::r (3 (17L2 A.D.). Rt:jy"
Pr :J\t:l.lsha Ma'l1(;1 ttu:-n tlsC{;!ld(,J th: thron~ of Pot o.n . A Mohar coin ·d:. t ad 669
;:;..:·p~ l e r a (1749 A.D.) be.sr1ng his ,nane bes _bfkn found •.uC!ording ·to t h·
V"naha v" lis , . the pow.;!rrul·nob1s~ s of Patan we re no.t plulls ;;.d ~Tith ~bJya
f'r~kD.shfl MD ll•.'l and'so blio,j.ld hb. 1.. coin (itlt.?d 8n, N.,psl p.ra ( 1752
':" . D. ) , b9bring 'the nD.rnO of V1shwajit has OOii'O found~' This shows
t.n[; t Rajya Prokosh a Malts di~d around . 1 .A.D. .
To -Bl.lndhu Rana. ,
. -,
.
tiith 0ffo ct from BaisDkh Budi 1.4, 16$0, vt?.have '
£ls
-
rhos under th:-, Ddm1nistrativ.. jurisdiction of l'UIjhldrat DS 'J agir to th.::
Sigii~ th..; UtrYit1-
,
Shri 8hagu,v iltidr,::1 :ilnd Shr·i ' Oat- ,Comp.:J nias. Ji.:,md OViJr . ",11 Nv::.nu;;; s _cv1Lct...c:i
by you llft.er tJli's 'dn'te .(to tht:,s ../. comi>i"nL.s):
..
ilnd g iv~ "th.OJli c'huz:g,,"~
" . --' .
' .
,
' B<.Iisllkb Badi '10, 18$0
(M,y. 1793) ' . ' '. ..
fiegmi RnsAarch Collo ctions, Vol. 36, "P~ Wo ;
With 11ff-'1ct from Bllisakh Sudi 14, 18$0, wC' h!:vt,· assignad, (th-.; t..-; rri-
toria s under tha adm1nistr~tiv ~ jurisdiction rf ) M~jhkirat as J~glr to
t!l,'!, Shri Bhagllvatlda 1 Bnd Shrl Dat Crur.panif:: oS. p~ sC'n~ :Y9urso1-ros .bcfor.:;
Sub.;:dar B;Jl<Jw~nt RaikD Md Subed!l r BdDlBYC Khatri and supply provieions,
l.i iv.. cnargo of thus ... territorL:is in accordance ·; wi~h tht: , Jagir aSBignmmt
titks (Patta). . .
1. Confirm thoef;J fu". i s who h.'l v.. bQ'en oc cupyJiig ,ulf.:ir pbs i tions f~I.)IT1 Doc i.,n t
times. Cv U <ict fe(;l s f r om the·in 'at toh.; custbmlJry . rc>Ws. Abolish ;t noSt; R<.:iS
'Who h od bui:tn aproint.,j ldwr by royal urdt:lr thro ugh SubbClS . Wit.l1dr::. ....'
\oh:;:: r ')yu l. ordf;Jr s issu~d to t.h em aug bring t.h\Os ~ t o tbr: PCJ!.<lC-:l.
2. wC' shall s.,nd r;:.spQctnblll p,;:rsons fro m h\;lr~~ t o scrutinizlJ R.. ikar ",nd
Birt<> lands. Maasu~ ' lclJ1ds along with t h""m ,Ind ass i 6n th.: exC(:sS <ll'\,; ,
to th::. compa nbs. ' R~! lll it nalf v f' .th.:;-- prJc{),!ds of filJ:::S to th.., p:)lu c ,""
too assign th;~ b£l13nC'1 't:l th,·: compani es.
J. Wo: ShA ll a .i n:! o rde rs f~r th~ impr«ssment of JharD" l abor from- th,'. inh<Jbi~
t::nts of thums ,';os 'W':,ll :' 5 of Bitalap, Chhap ond KhuwiJ lands in 'th::; r.- gi ')u
si '.ut,tlid oust of th·:: Oldhkosi riv,)r Dnd w'·, st. of UL' TlIIlIOr r1'1" r for r ;-
,claiming W:lst C .lands in 'fumlin€U:r. Tak:<J ovu r chnrgt.; of to.; I' ·cl<lmDti:"Il
op.:.r fi tiorui thor e '~ .
4 . ' Confis oato r1c(') l Ands in }o\t;!ynb1, Mohariy9 nnd -Chh:.p hJ 1di ngs qld pr; ,-
tilX-:·S on P",ktlOlands cont :.imd in such holdings .:\cco~" di:lg •
to In th" CRSW of lSlrg~ ChhDp ho1d1rgs SQlT\>3 portions of whic ,'
3!"H ft uncultiv:::tnd with.) ut. bOing o c cup i(~ d by tcntmts '!-l nd hOlTl3st.t:indS,
c') nfisc~te such uncu1tiV'.Jwd portions " nd s"'ttl. ·~ p,4)p1", t.herc- • .' I nc (lm-~'
from l llOds thus r"~ c l ;] iIllGd ~ha~l b ~! .3ssign ':><;l to t.~: c omp~n1~ ~. :
, : . . ' t . . .. ,
5. RoJvonu.s from th(1 l uvy (on dyers of cloth) wro 'pruvlous ly undo!'
tho jurisdiction Subb~.
, \,/e now:, assig'~ th':O SI:l r·~ vcnu.;!3 to th-:-.
cOll1>en1es •
. , ,
Bo1 •• k" Sud1 14, 1850 (Thur~<juy) '
(M.y 1793) . ' .
' R~~gm1 RJs~ arch Co ll~cti o ns,
. Vol. )6 , pp. 13-~. ' .J
Contd~ ••
200 .
Pip., JaDllukr 1 1
Pt po -, 1
'fub!!lyo 1 1
, T",sya
"
~ 2
"
MEor sy3 2
Boori - , 2
Bi.lnauri 2 '2
;Lobar (blacksmith), 2 2
,
S:lrkl (cobblGr ) 2 2
'- '
143 143
'l'hur sdl.ly , Bbisakh 8adi 14 , 1850
(I-'.<1y 1793)
ikgll".i RJs~arch Coll t:c t L.Ds ,
'10 1. 36 , pp . 8- 9•
.D.<f~ns", Of Nuwalro t
To the Ilhomi familtes , (<:<mp l oyeflB or ) gunpc·.-Idor tflotc r ies, g,: )V(,r,..m ·nt.
(lJllll o)'ees ( Jagi ro) and other s (DhakI\.:), Tncrthok (fi)ffi1l1"s), Br Gtur\3n.5
Dnd othl,lr s (Pr l:ljll) and a ll oW..:r p-:;opl,J b-c i wnging to th.;. 36 castl;:s .
'wo huvo s!::nt Sar v.:lj l t Panoo , -Pl huba r L&m<:', )tu t u Pa
-hy:!, Sub~·d:lr
Pokhura onc! Sutx:dar Gal e to l ook 3ft.:lr Nuwakot . Act :lcco_"ding to- th..ir
{, r d'<rs i n any, t ask th at mlly COlIlJ up .
'", .-
,'.}i fldnesdDy 1 Shr awan Bad! 1, 11150
"(July 1793)
R-, gm~ - RAs.:tsr ch Co ll·:,eti <:ns 1
~l . '30, pp . 6-7.
C~t.d •••
209 • .
'ra Shatrusel, Panabir Khatrl, i.mor Singh Thapa, and Sub<,.o: .:s, ~'il ,Jngds,
umr.OiS and Dha 18t s.
(This ordtlr W!JB s ont on th.~ sam:.: d::; t <. also t o Ch:ilIIu Bh£mp..n.i, Bht.'irav
Singh Kha\>llIs, i.ja yo Khawt.:8 :md Ma rthll).
.. :.
"
(To B, . Continu"d)
•
(Continued)
Question
--I n your opinion,' 1n Which aNaa 9t.her than Kathrnandu Valley can WO
find archaeological rnat;;,rials of thb Lichchtiavi p~riod 1
J\l1swer
I cannot say anything. Suen lISt2r1dls are fOWld i ~: all pltices from
the Dudbkosh1 river on thd east. to Gorkhn in toh.;: w~st. .
Question
11 there any athar placE; wher~ you ti'link such m&teri"Ls cc.il ' b\:i; found
AnswlJr ,
No. Thel'P. 1:3 no such plac!iI other t.hsn thoSod whic h I ;1 8Vd olr oa dy
m:Jntionp.d.
Suoation
How far do you 8gNH with Yogi Narahar i!.ath that th.' Bhadradhivll S,\\P '
b h!lvana ond Hanwnandhoka p t:lR ctls of ' K<iIIltipur ar~ t h~ S3I1lC1 l '
Cant-d •••
211 •
•
H·· h.:ld hBnded ov;;: r Ut·J af f.:li r s of t m' stutd to his son . Thcrefor"" his
son VCls c ull'Jd Bh!ltwrnkn . l But hp wns not ca ll ed lLtwr nj.J . N.3r ,.;ndr ... ( ...v :1
.1: 5 tn.m living 1::15 nn asc ·~ tl c nt. t n'! PnshuputiDnth t..::tnpk . H.,. CC'1st.:=--uc:,...d
thr· Dhadr f;dhlVtls£lbhav£l nu pol ac-l a nd li vod th .Jro . 'lb. ·' r-:'fo l\>, Bhed!',d n1v.:. s a_
bhDvana 1 5 n'J ithe r Hanurrulndho~ nor Ps.t nn. I think : t hat this pV~c ': V iol S
CC11fld Btwnd(-l rkh8 1 aft-·l r · soml': YOfJrs · DS. a corrupt form of "Bhadra ll • Bh~d r!.l
dhl bDSD ls· tll< , or,J3 surrounding th,." P!lShUpDti:"IC th t.~mp l'J . Nal""ndr<.ld ", v~
did not th~m liv';.! ~ t t h~ Ka.l.lct· hkutob havDnu . 'ih is pLoco i s s ituc tud .'I t
lIn <:! lt~v.:lti o n. Bbands rkhal W35 doriv" d from Bhs dra - N1vl:Isa . Thts 15 only
SI sp'1 cu 1ntton . 'lbe ro:t is no writta n proof .
Question
It i s s,,1d th at. th .... ter m y,:mga l was dc. riv... d from Indrae nha.
: Ans w':olr
~not is ri gnt. Th i z i s rrry own vi..::w. Tni; word I1Y.m I1· is d(;lriv,:;d from
Indr u Dnd I1Ga 1" from Uriw. •. 'l'h~ ~rm liYangll lll cc!mc · into b ... 1ng in t h1$
m<lrmor.
QUe st.ton
Mswo r
M!!nadt:Jvc built it • .
Qul;;'s tion
1 • .Fonn~ rlyJ .t he r ·..lling Ki ng WIlS c oll-:: d Bt.c; tt.:lra ka: .Nar'..: ndr<ldvv ~ , wh;:;n
h o, COIm to power by I':!movlng V1shnu Gupt.a ·~ nd oth~ rsJ ca 1kd him.sf;lf
Bhattarsks in the b :glnning • .But ha grew amb itions .!.a t ~r <.md c .!.It.d
himse lf' Parnmabhattaruko . BhdttBrakB ttk;o b~ crun ~ thd tiUtl of tn.::·
Crown Princ(: • .This 1 5 proV'.Jd by tilt: inscription. or" N",rr.ndrad'Jvu . 'l·hll r(J-
fON, he doos not SI::I'Jm to how hDnded ovor to n:.: 1:Iff.:: 1rs of t ~ St.<.lt. ~
t o his son .
Contd. "
212.
. .
- .;
Th£'re 15 no' clo3r ~vid'lnc "'. But
this is.· shown by th~ c.:n tr·xt. i·l!l!'.:J·
. cOvE! W1JS King nt tl'lllt: til1lt'. Who e ls~ wou ld hav(~ constr uct'.;d it ? It. ".,;!S i
construct..~i:I in tho Iildian style. A simi14r - p:,l.:; c .~ was construct...d in rnd ~
too.
•
Quc~ 8tion
" iJls~r
Magars roorsd pigs during 'Lh", - Lichcbhc vi period. On 'L~ ot.r.-.. : r he'o j ,
t.I.:; 11chchhavis w3ro ritually pur;,! . Sonw 01" tll"m wcr.: Buddhist-s ' too. '
'l'h..:r <Ji"or.J, 'th~.y could haw:.vauquishvd _thi2 M<1g-'-U's hOld t .h ... y so wi>nt~ d. . B
But th·,:·y did not establish MJ' rt.1Jtionsnip wit.h. "tl>.- N,ag<l rs. 1l.c(tchh" V .l.
r -:gurd:d Magdrs ..$ untouchBblo:• • Th.~ word i-"'gi.-lr ~!;;s not b",.long to Lhl~ ,y
communl.ty. Th.,y W'3 l"'_' cd llud ~L gClrs by rdst<lk ~ . _ Wh.,n t~ Khos" s com-" tollrd
cons i d-,r.; d th",'sc p~opl., 08 foion go ls. H~g.-: r is th- corrupt forln o f t/: .: ',,0
Mon go l. }li:.g drs do not c .. ll th', msdvo,: s by this term.
S}u,,; stion
QunatiDn
Lichchhllvis hoVH sottlud her;;! like oth.;,r \:Ithriic groups. Whom did
tlwy mix with?
AnsWG;r-
• . ' ..
Soft! ot thoJrn aru D:mgols. Thos·:. satt.led in Dok5hiDllkol~gr:;ill1:.l £Ir"'"
ull DDngols~ '
I.,!ut:stion
Cont.d •••
213.
Answe r
No. ,Tbis has not yet been determwd cl - arIy., It has not kEn "tX-
plaiQAd so far. _The D.:lIl\e .of the village is Dakshinakol1grama.
qu~stion
k<sw.;r
QuOlstion
Was not tbil sotdeml.m t of the Vrijikss caU,"..d as: Brijikaratbya 'l
Answer
Q,u8stion
AASW<2lr
No~ Tbero was no wuy for SMkyas to COm:1 h&ra._ Where did tney eoilk.'
from 'l
Contd •••
214.
... . " ..
~ 'Whur{ tll<l S~k:y{:l rponClBt.:Jry wad
Th...JY w<srta c a lied Sbs'k yas onlY l ;;,t dr;
built. 'fhe mon.sst·" r-J bUl.lt by Sh~tirciks hita ln Tibwt is tn" ~hakyU mn d ::-
tory. Tbos".) init.i!ltdd 1n such IIh:l n~st..1 rius 'W'..tr(, ca !.ll:O d ShBkycs. T1l0r .: l 5
El diff.::roo.ctf bot .....ocn tn·.... sd Shokyas bnd toh., pr'... s",nt. Stwkyus •. :
... "
(;u.!stion
, i ,.
' , If Lichchhavis -CQuld CO~ h·.:-r~ f re :". o utsld~ , w'hy coul d rot SnekytlS 1
•
Answer
No. Lichchbavl s twd Cam.:· horo to ' occupy th.i thrond, )lh@I'9&8 Shakyas
did not co m; for th1t:l pur posu. Sh9ky<! )..8 a r (., ligiouB institution . Th··.y
.!'Ir r~ conn{' cted with th :, Sha ky£! mOllllstcry . G"'uum Buddha waB Cl ShDkya of
th:lt p l uca . W~ Cilnno t b ..:; l1·!vu that h.', c>.Jm'J to N..:pt) l. £v,;n thi:" d1:3sc ... l'.dunt.S
of Koshonu , who CBmv h.::re much .Lotr-r, :}ud .to [.leo:.: d1fficulti,,'s '. No r out.O
Md re", n opGntJd up. How could ih'j n Soyan"" cam:' hot";' ? "
. Qu('ls tion
!mswllr
Had Sha kyas com ) hur .? , th""'t y would hDv::; br ougnt th", l.,r civilizutic. ..
w1 th thl::llll and th:~ ir inscrip tions "w.... u:.ci bav.,," bat' n d is 00 v;:;r ..::d. .Ashoktl toll
wo uld h~v~ C:)m.:J hlJr ,) imd 1.nswlbd inscriptions hclr ·.;, •
•
QU'? 9tion
The: Buddb15 t tdxt Mulasurvllstiv"davinuyu m.. .: nt. ion.s l../v.! t Sh<.lky<lS C",LIIJ
~!Id s~ ttlcd hUr-J . It a l so stat·;;,s that AruJnda hOd cam., hON "to.> OVtlt t nv
Shakycs. "
. ' '":
, . <
Only conwlT{l0r<;ry wri tings ca n bi) t a k'.'lIl ,;)5 c~1donC0 . 'J'hcs(> uIXI only
1 ;gands. W(t should. not beli~Jvo in l0gi.mds~
. fiuustion
Kolis .31S0 Sf!am to h'W.-l ''come; h.t4"e. The .tPC:.i stonca of Kol1grainD oDd
Dakshinekol1grama proves th9 13Xis1it:-nciJ 'o f.Kol1 s~ttleDJ:)nts.
Jmswcr
Th" r -) w,cr ,' only Sl!:l l l vill.:Jg.;s in th'3 kginning a nd hoUSQ5 - Wqr.~
1.so1utvd; "Tol ..:stl CDIlI': : into b"ing whi:ln hous'.ilS wore built adjoining: 0.:lch
otrer. TI),(: Drt.loCi boyond .pakshinko li~ ~m;l WilS c;~ llud nUttnr Tol .-;'· . But th,,!.' .,::,
W!lS no s(;jt~10m;;n'" bt;l;rond. Jhouchbf:: Tol cl , '.
- .,
If so, h')w W~5 th", inscrlrt10n o!.,M'ln£lclJvll discovured in Kl,ll 1'01...:; 'j
This inscription r.::·f~s to a w~t .:.i r spout built for tnt.: public.' .
M swc>r
This WCl5 construct~ d all L;:; id;:;. th,~ tcrwn. it Buddhist rron1lstcry Md
Qoan C'Jos tructed.1n Y;;Jmbu. Thl'! water spout . 880m3 to .. ;.l V{' b.;:(,m construcv;d
. for this mono story,.
11 1001lllUOI It 11
21.6 •• .
x
Select8d · Lett~rs Of Prithvi Nar~yan Shah
NO TES
•
This l e tter W&S s on( to Vidyapllt1 PBdhya whil,j Narabhupal Sh",h was KiI>i
of Gorkh.. Md Prithvi NaraY!1n Shah was yet Crown "Prine. ,_' It 's·nows that
Prit hvi Na rnyan Shah. bud Dlroady stfl rtcd p.9.rticip ating in th0 'edmiIlistP'
t io n.
2. From King Prith-.rl Narayan Sh<lh ,
To Ibcmapati l'adhya ond .!)"r.:stlDrrr.!1 PD dhyu,.
Greetirigs. Joll" i ~' 'n U he:.r e Md W:I wish the S<ll'l» th~' r< · . 'I'his would
ceuso much plcasur" to :z5.
The Kaj is have reported to us whatever you had told toom. Wo h<:lVa
b.;;Hlrd tho ir r eport. You h ove mnd<3 a good r ..:q\hl,S t. ~io ' hoJr~by grant yoll
(tax t'1xempt1on) on your hozoosteods .1nd BirW Inhds . Finish t.h~-: t u sk
assigned to you. On thu dby you do so ) 1;1:- st'l::JLI.. gr <l nt yo u gold b El'og 18\
nnd C'.... har ~JW<lrd8, and ah-'lll a ls o [Ipp.:>int. yeu in good positions. finiS
t.ilo t. >sk dssigned t u you ~r..d COlrl8 h<>l'o.
NaY.Jkot,
Tuusday,
Fnlugn Bad i 3 .
Contd .....
.. ,
217.
,
NOT E S
•
MOndDY, Ma-gb- B!ldl 1, 1811
(January, 1754)
NOT E S
"
Dyi;!uhSri DotP.l w&s a J'\: sidant o f Dopur nE:l~r NaloJum. , Ho Md rec'Jive d '
many Birta grants from KingB JagsjjaYIl Mllla llnJ JaYClprakash Mall£! of
Kantipur. As m'i,ntion'!Q in thi) no:t:es ,to the prtlvio'¥i ~Qtter, ha hall ht. ~ lpo~'- ::
Prithvi Naroyon Shah in th~1 c·.:.nqUl.ist of NalJum. · . . . ,,,_ ",
. It seems that you nra angry beoause yasterday 1 s sttoqlt · has tail...,d~ -.~
so•.
It dl)<;I S not · behove you t o b·J I ! our ritu£lL -brotber'a tatht:!r. has. "
c onfiscllt<ld y our l~nds md. home6.teads~ I vUl grant them t:llsawht.tN. \ok; •.:. _.:
h.:l) tt.olked nbout (Lands and Ilomosteada) in Bhanwarkot. It' you (like them) .::
a!t..3r 1nspecting them, W'; shell gr<mt them tD you., . ,
ContJ .•••
...
•
218.
The most important thing should be kept se~ret. We -had already known
that (our ritu~l brotht<rl~ tathe') would comply ~ith thtl wishes of JdY<"' - . .
'prakash. If our ritual brother's fathur is .7lp,gry, I am -not. Diff.arancvs .
have arisGn owing to oircumstances, but thusc. will. bl,;: rt 'solvcd if th ,jr..;"
1s tlIl effort. Evt:n if J<!YLl pr{,kash asks for paaCG, Wv BMll oot relinqu1sn "'~
l~bldurn. Our pUI1los(;:I will. not be servl:d i f sW,j~t USSliI'i.lncus an: .no t off~rt:)d~,
Lachhwn.:ln Padhya 'W..::nt to Bhaktapur yeswrclay-'alSo. If thtl tllSk. is tlcccm-
plished, this is good. Oth~rwiseJ it will b~ accomplished if you try.
According to thiol scriptures, it is 'govd to - start action in t~ inU;r9sts
of the Stat\l uven at th ,~ cost of antl1s Ufo. aut it will not happlm 60-..
Everything will be Dccomp Lishod after (you) come . Wbat InUre to wist7 P\~ ,)p].u_
C9.pitllL: Nuwakot,
Monday (7), Shrawan Sudi 10.
NOT E S
•
DalOOdlIr Padl\Ya, to? woom this l c ttl:r is addrossod, hi.ls rut bt.:i>:n
idcot1fiod. N()r 1:3 i t cl(l~r why h.~s l&nds &nd hom~stoads wl3re c onfisCLlto~J
by King R.nnnjit t1.!Jllo (£::!ttBr of Prithvl Naraynn Shoh I s rltuc:: l brothOr ) ,. ~
Th,. letters shows that Prithv1 Narnynn Shuh had s ignud 0 troo ty w1 th
J2YElprQkash Hallo of fering tn leaVd Naldum~Howevar,h.~ had , no in-;..antion o~
hJ noring this pl edgo . Tho 12tt--r see ms tn h:lv:.'! bQ'J n wr~t te n in Shrc:swun _:
1814 (July 1757 ). .
Blessings • .I,ll is W'Jll hcril :JI)J W;, wish t M some ·th~re. We hsva
roceivod your 1ntter and noted thp. contents. TboJ naws he-rB' is ,good.
i
Y'Ju helve rt-.-presontcJ that ,u will holp ip the ' oamp~lgu tl; occUPY :
TimlI1. T.t1isis goo-j . TC:lk~ th~ initiCit lvt:l' 1.f Y,-"JU' c CJ n~ Aatru'l ogers MV')
f1.x"d the flusp iciuus lIy.Hli_nt on ty cf tcr thu end of th:- nDnth of BhBdr8
(l.e. aft.:r S.3ptemb..,r 16} . In the mC;Jotim";, try to pacify ClnJ contl"o'l l j
the Bhotos.Jw ~gLlrds othor t:;sks, .:1..} thE1ID ns 50(.)n DS you got orders: ' .~
fl\"Jm th~ Kaj l.
N 0 l' E S
Lachh1man -Thapa had been gr antVd asyl um by Prithv l Na r aya n Sh~h
previously Ill so . Bu t hll helpl:d BlryD DtlIJrni , who boo b ...sn i mp risom:d by '
Pr i~hvi Na r ayan Shah, to g" t "frd ~ dom . Howl:!Vtir, Pn.thvl NDroyan Stwh
promisod to gr.::nt him 11:: fugtl again b,Jc.:IUSO of Lachhiman Thap8 la offe r to
ho l p in t ht:- c&mptl ign to occupy_ 'l'imd l. .
, '
120 muris of l and hod bOLm co!lf i scat e,q from you on tha charge t ha t
you hlId purchused it from 81 shw')shwD r Kayosth. Wi:l heNby 'rostort)' " hi s
l l!nd today, a s y ou hav.,; o fi'£:Nd Rs 200. "Nobody shu ll causa ~lny obstruc-
tl ')n ( in y ou r reoccupying t his l and) . Cu ltivat e tb? lDnd o r: , give it to
. o th" r s -f or cultlvut 1on, or crmdug t tr ansactions in ~t.·'
(Countersigned By;
.. .
11'.md.JY, Poush Bnd1 9, 1622
(.o.-,comb<Jr 1765)
Nuwflko t.
NOT Eo S
. ., '
.lIft e r occupying Naldum, · Prlthvi NarDYDn Sb.:l h 8 ttacked Kabhrep&laDeho1ci~.i.
Timal £100 ·o t he r [lr oas . Hr~ won QVt'r tD_ l ocd ~oplo by off.oring th<·;m . '
pr ivil.tJ g~s and concoss i ·Jos. · PAo pl "3 wera sa tisfiod Wcause they c o ul d get
r cc'mfirm!lt i on of largo ar eas of l •.tnds , whlli:l Prithvl NaraY.m got rront..'Y
t;~ fWnc o his rnil1ti:JI"y cO!ql.!:oigns . · ...
SbSSlngs . "U 15 W\J 11 h'3N &nd Wo.; wish thu SBJl'\lJ th (;:o N~ Wc have
r:dceivad your wttcr I..Illd n.:.>tod thl: c .; nt ent s . Thu nolo's horo is go:.d .
Yvu hay': s i:lnt t'G po rts 6D:..u t t he Go kam.: :. Changu tlr6ll. Wu have l1s t cnJd ..
t.? th~'5e-- r~po rts. Wc hav':} sant o r der s to tho Khanal of Shawl t =- l OiJ t
criJps, oc cupy pos t s and t hus bora ss Bha dg ~un. Summon t h~ Khanal uod
makf.) necessary arrengem()nts.· Ta ke g ~a t cara of tt\-) l ocal peoplo us wall. ;-.
as of crops ther"{'. Whet mor a t o wlSt: ponp lf; ? .
Contd •••
220.
" NOT E S
Kohar Simha B~sl\Yat, 'OD<:l o f thu two suns of ShlviJrarn Simha B'-tsny..a'J .;
hE;o been depU1,.dd DY Prithvl NariJy.;.n Sh<ih 'too imp'Qso U blockaj~ un Bhakti1~I.it, :
lifter th<J conquost " of Kathmundu and La 11 tpur. H~' dkJ~ebra to b!:tvu t-nliStod ",
the help o f thu KhBnals of Dumakhal to l oo t. pa",.;y crops in Bhakt.. vur.
Th.! letter aoorns to hove bGi.m writ"t.~n in l B2.4 ' YikrllnB (1769 A.D.).'
8. From King Prithvi Nar~ya n Shah,
Tu the two £.:llllili~ s of the priests of NtamuJa.
NOT E S
The document has b ot>n damaged by insElc ts · llO.U hence SOJl)O' worJ s are
miSsing. It sh·ws what po licy Prithvi ..Narayan Shah ha d f o ll9W(jd for tbt.:r
' protec tion of f orests.
(S ~ J3 .• Moharjan).
·..,...... ', -. , ~
E1i tar! By
.!13hesh C. Regpd.
Contents
.' .~ . Page
1111 ~ N 1111111111 lE
(Conc l u1e-t)
Jutswer: No, tht'.y are not Aryans, Th ~re ar~ Chltauntya and
who l1ve 10 Parse 11str1.ct-.
. .
'. . .. ,',
'QUl: stion: ~ th~ 'Ibarus - ot the eastem. Tarai, 'Chitsun ani thfo. westam
region t ~ same pdople 1
hns wer: No, thloY ar- not. In the. Wc' sttlI'Il r egi.on itsdlf, the .Thal'\ls ur ...
1tvtrle 1 'nto
-:liffttr E>nt coMunit1es. I n Butaul, there a~ two cau"goni.-s
of Tharus-TJango Ua ThEl r UB an 1 Kathoriya Tbarus. -
.
Qu;.: st10n: Arf tho ThBrus of . Ctd, woo too ot two OBt~l gOI1r!s ?
~swt!r: No , Oangol1D S ani KlItl\')r1yas ara· the: only·two commun1t1.,p .t.jH' l"~, .
1)angol!as have th.t}1.r o,rlginal ·home 1q. Dang. , ". , .
~ UP.stt on: Are ODngol1a Tharus. so c"J..l..... ri becsuse they coroo"..~ro'!l Daog ?
' I f •
xr nstl tuto of tkpa1 lln1 Asian · Stud1 E:S, 'l'r1bbuwap U~~;~:0!t~;
Achllryll rll UhllQKIl Kl1 tl (Babursm Acharys· Anri H1:J
the Iiiett t.utl3, .fal~~ 29; ?029 (March 12,. 1973) .
Cont.oi . '"
•
222 • .
1>ll5Wer: In KDllch3npur, 'l'hElrus llre c~iled RallS. Stiyoni this, I 10 not. Ktl.v~
Clnythlng. finna Tbarus follow strange CllSt.oms .:Jnri us<lges. For inStoc.nc,""
they -; 0 not maintain any relations with allY ' other 'lharu. Nor io l,ou"Y
astab lish mstriltlOQial rbiat,ions w1. t.h ot.her 'l'harus . They do not c ult1 v,.t.t:.
l!ln:ls bolonglng to any other conrnunity; thay cultivate th",lr own lan1~
only. ' They also keep aloof from othar comrnWlities.
. .
On", strange" claim .Rana Tbarus'm:1ke is that th;:,y ha; been II.-lriv-;lll : .
out from Mahabharat ,n Thf' ir wivo;'ls aalIR" th~"msc lv:- s GoplnL 'l'ht>y thrust.·
the pl.at~towar'is their husbanis wi th th ~'lr feet while serving meals; .
I have witru?ss e ; thtscuBtom myself. Moreover, RanD Thlll"US t10 not t ak.
milk. When ask(,!'i" th.; rs <:s:m J thAy .say that .t.h03Y rio not '10 Ba b;-caUB" tll!;[
have to feet3 the calv~s. W(> asked whuthcr W\:I 'could t.<lktl milk. ~They .J;',-?l.Ltf
that we coulti do Ba if we liki.~ i, an" £IctuDlly brought milk for us . 'I"hi"I\ 1
tol'i tMm th<lt thl.;Y too shouH take milk. ThlJY oblige-t us. ActuallYJ ~~h , .J
·-10 not totally abhor milk. Such arc thesfI Pl7Oplo. '~.., ' T O"
.All thHsa Tharua appel:lr to' have 9;lme c' o~ctions w1 th Magars. T:I' r ;
is anothp.r group of Tharus in Morang :11str1ct. I ha"," forgott..1n t.ru: nUID- •
Th~y wear only' a loincloth ani sell cinchona. Th~ dialt:lct spokotm by t!"j·/'.
1s almost Henttcal to .th,1t . spoken by 11l1lbus •
•
Question: .W"'r03 they Dbimo'lls ?
.... nswt:r:: · Y:'. s, Dhtm£i ls. In physical appeClranc~ , the y r8Sl:lmb}.... Kir~t.as. On...
important thing cbout. Chit.auniya Tb!:lZ"Us ls that tha1r Yanch"Yut u.s'::-1 . "tO
ba a pow~rful bo~y. 0r1~ ~~ ' issuu1 by this Pancnuya~ commanic~ grUQt~r
'. sanc:t"\ t.y. than .,vt:;m thOSb of th.. King. .
Quc:s tion; How \las that. Panchaya"t. mr.oogo·i '1 Was i t. an tlic; ctud borJy ?
•... . .,
Iuls~r; The·
PanChay8 t used 1;.0 bl:l managerl very ~f!'id. cJn t1y. Its ·iil<:mb •. .!'::J
ware selecWd through mutU8:j. consul"Wttons. •
Cont~ •••
223.
• •
'l'ne "enn Oest-hi meMoS Col small mli:etlng or discussion ,wj, thtn u .
,h"d • . On t ht-: ot.hpr odni, a ,f'.:lnch<lU 1. b large-r, ani , 1s a ' perllU!r.., n t _
.1n1 Bl.lthor1 ·t.at.lvv institution. It has no conn~ction w1.th th9 .v illage. ..
~uestl'on:Thi.s "'oes not "appear to b& true . ,.• C108e stl.rly ot 1lU3'criptlon~"'
Selong{ng to the Lichchhavi parteo1 wou l"l show that ' at that timt! an inBti-
tuti on calle-l PonchEil1 "as creDtt:li in a village . to attend to matters r " ls-
ting to. poPl,!.lar welfare~Dn1 local a"lmlnistrotton. Eve.ry PanchBl1 WCoIS -nim.~-t
~ft;~r thF local v1.11agt'!, .a.g. Lopnnggrama Pancbs11, Lopr1ng .Ponch3lt~' " ,8
vlhenE:ver llclW rulers appear~ti 1uring the L~chchhSvj perto';i~ :' ttkly '
hanrlf.-d ove'r incruasoi a1m1n1stro!:ltiw poW/o!I'S to th..: viUagura in ortjur ,,0
aut1afy t.ht.m. 'Ih.iae .pow03;ra wrtl "'Xo:trc1sud' by Panchal1s. In CBsa Pancnt;,l.is
wer.:: foun-l 1ncopablt- of t:lx~·.rcls1llg !Suoh powers, too Kiog h;-.i.t:l ..~.~"~"t1ons
through £otbrBsBna. Tilt; inscriptions of Nbrcnira Dvvo ilt Devapatan·w.y .' :
bs _c1td as cJvi.iunct:l in :rupport of this stat.::ment. It m.::nt1ons· t..tUtt· ·s eo .... l .-' _
tb.. .PClnc hDl1 ~a11. to htllllile m:ltters .,ntru81:.t:1:j to f~ov8grlbb. , ~he~e would
be r ..·hrrcd to M,Dtarllsana for consideration. Provisions · ~g;jzodi.Dg · ~<lnC.f~"';
11s "W6ru inscrtoori on copper-plates. This inscription olao int:t1outoa " "[.rl>- ' ';'
f' ::'w DY~mb.=rs of e: Panchal1 waN appoint",,:! by the K1ng. Siintlarljr~ . th ~ .'
l..nscnption locatcrt at Nar.uY!.lDchaur reftors to th~ fact ttlat locli!.: aife- lt's"
wert1 'mzn(lg~ti through Panchalia. Thus thore is no doubt that the Ponch(:J..i::;
.
of th(> ' Ltcbchhavt perio·-i were.' powllrful V1l1age PaDchayata
.
ot tha .timQ •.
-' fwswur; .This la 1ru~ to ao~ . tlxtent. B4t- Plilpc~,ll~ did. o!Jt h~ve.. po~ur5
. to·.col1eot· t.aJoos. •
224.
.. x x x
- .
QU-':l st1on: Whnt wa s the sta"to.! of lb.:.rning iuring the: Ltchchhbvi pt.:'rlo';
Has th..,re Clnyth1ng in the fioli of l.~ arntng thEtt ori... coul~ ·tak..: pri~ 1;i
1ur1ng the 11.chchhavi period, ~m1 is it a Vllilable now?
.
.. .
No book wrl ttcn during the LA chchhavi pt:lri-or! is ' GV£lilzblc-<.
1ur1.ng tMt ptrlo1 hsve ils£lppea~1. It 1a tbl;trefoN
cult · to speculate whether such books are av~tlablG now.
-
Contd •••
225.
.At that time, wcorbita'n t taxes were col.~ectad 'froln too p(toplt".
0.;,1< 1(: .:;:1 ther whdn too pil~plb are in a post tion to pay"any ~moWlt :
Eis tax, 'or wtwn taXl:lS are collact6d forcibly in any amount wanted by thv· "' ~
gowrnmdnt •
•
An::iwr: No, taXflS wu~ 'not coll~ctad by torcq at that t1mi;;. Ot ,.cQurst:,
taxas ware ii.lXQl'bitant. Tht:Ire
~~-.
were
many taxcs , at thbt t1ma, 6uch 'ea ....~
.. .
Centi •••
226.
", ""'" _ . .. ~
;;;fu::.,mtght .have bedn r.um.erous·, but these ' w-~rEl gradUauY· ·abolHhA
~ the people 'c ould not pay taxs:s ? ~'ldre thosa taJres 'j mpos..-,oj - .
on th.& Ih'lopl& 7 ../as ·the · ~conomic -eoniit1on nqt 'good at that time ?
x x
!,tu", s tion: D!oi tht::
..
Pashupu tl tumplu exist at the tlmJ of Manadeva r 7'
.
Q"o.l~stton: If thd Pashupetl t.,mplc. tla.1 bean bu~ It by the · time; o('M8na1~v8 11
i t shouH have been ment1onA" in tffi! 1 nscriptton of VijayaVl3tL :.'i .... ._'. .. -'.:: '
The 1nscr1ption. is locate1 abo~ ' the Pashupatt " td~io~j~'~ t~<
to mGot10n th£,i PashupDti templ~ 10_evory insert ption .'(
x x x
(.iuustionl W,..ll "you shed Some light on YQur studies o.! . -ftana rule
•
':1,;
","
Ulsw&r: ~t . f6 difficult to do BO. Thtlre is no limit to -tht:t subject. "
, .. ,',
'
~estion: , ~n will you at 1~a8t wxplDin on~ or two !~ct3 about thDt
regimo 'I
,
COntd •••
. 227.
Surya Bikr8nl ' Gnyawalf wrote a biogruphy of Pr! thvi Narayan Shah. ,
was banne.1 . As a re su lt~ copies of t his book couli not reach Nep"" l •.
On ly copi e s 'Were somehow "smuggle1 In • .The ruler;l of that- time dtsc.our"le1
th3 wr1 tl ng of' hi story. 'I1u:=re is one book in whic.h a car"ta!n person· Is s aH ~
to have bean ass8£s'l.nate.1 by another parson in the Ket ma,s58cre. But th1 s
\JaS written In '~n £ngl~sh book. Has anYbo::ly' JlI'itten "t.illa in N&pali? ,
Ques t1. on: Have you . ~·t raa~' in some bQokIJ thpt Jung Bsba1Ur had .. G~gan
~ngh a ss8ss1patc1
. . ' by Bairinar S1ngb 7 ,
Jtnswer: Once we reeei ved the secon·1 811 tion ot a map ot Nepal .. It sbowerf
115ngnrmathaU or lIChomolongma ll , wb1 ch ts a 'l'1bE1tDn name .. Th{:lS8 Engl' 8hnron .' .
Il r~ so cunning that th~y n811ldd the surrmit 11,Ev.::NBtll after discovel1ng 1. t ..
There is Dnother book probably c"'pt1onei l1'lhe Himalbyes ll • It contains UI!lpS
of 15 or 20 r.l1ffdrent HiMulayan peaks, one of them being that of I1Evorest,!I .
Tb", i!4lglish authors ot thh book wrl to tnat thts summ1 t ha,-j no name pr.....
vtously, lln1 that it is visible only tram Nagarkot .. Tho)'" we>Dtei to vist t .
r1.lcarkot wt th another mott vu. Lor:1 Kt tchencr vu taken to that Iral. ~ • .
. Contd ....
228 .
Bungalow was bui lt t.her:e. This pl aco commands s view of the wholb of N... p ~ l.
'f'h;lr o W'3 S B polt tical motiw b.shln<1 thE: ~rm1 ,s9 t on "given ' to Kt tchen'tlr to o'
hHW. s ' vi e w of tht' whalf! . of Nopsl. , I -t was LD l 1)O..,8j . Sumiwar ~ho h61p.:.'1 " lI,...
to 1r1e ntlfy. .all mountain ptlBks . The.se Eng}j 5 hm~n haw namtl1 ona H1ms l aycn
pe !.k 85 G.:mrt Shankar, wherea s it ls a ctually callv'" "Gaura Parbs t. ,On..:.
'iay, st.onding at Gauchsr, I Bs H to La! DhwJj Sunuwar, pointing- towSrrt5
nr:Vt,r ost", !lCapta'n, see howma j"s tlc tiO o:lS tht: I1Evur\:::s tlllook." Ho ..... ' vt:r,
ha pointed out that i t ...... 8 not . II Eve rEost l1 but u· :iiffeNnt peak. He sho~ '"
~ t~ rI:Isl "EVElrest. I dl <i ' not b<: li e ve wba t hlj toM me . But" l,at'"r.r .I.rvad
1I
thE! abow -~ntlona" book at ni s housu . lnd thf;l n I fOWlrt that -he ..e s··rltht~
I a l so looktil1 at the lIt;venoiSt n· from M.Bdhubdn... From then: \/El hai a cloar~r
view of t~ summit. lI ~vEl re5 tll i s visible: cloarly f r om Gauchar also. , Yo.lt.
thtlsl3 EngUshmen ,~ow tha t uEvtll'l:tst l1 i s nOt vis1g1o f rom .Nt:lp.31.
x x
. . •
\iha t, in your opini oni shoul ,1 bii/ ::lone to: pr omo,W rE:s.;;arch on "
,
of Noo:pal ?
,•.
His tori ca l mukl ri llls ar-9 ba ing 105t 1<1y by day. In C<.IStl ...e' c"'lll~ t
available m.:lt.erl a l s , wo will bE:! left with not.hing after 5 or 7
year5. HencoJ the re ehoti.1t.I be a collnc tion of historical docW1li,n.t3 :at th,.
.' Trtbhuwan UniversIty. All historical mat6r1.::a~5 1n the po5s~ssion o f th" ,
Archeology Depar"t:.lrl..:nt, or a t l e':'5"\ th<:ir cop i ~s, ruay b a kept ".: a t the 'Tr1 -
bhuwan Univer sity. Hany histori ca l letter s ar e lying a t Jai siko tho in t.no
ForEi i go Mini Btry, There (I r e manY l et.t er s whi ch have , Ofwer been openeri.' All
~uch ' let-ters shout.; be ' collecte1 an'; b", kap t in tht3 custody of tM Univi:r- '.~
'. s i ty.
Ancient }(has Cu lture X
By
'Bl;I la i<::r1,shna Pqkhrsl
. -. .
The tann Khas i s usa:~ to "'~ no te both thl= Khas community an" th~ · 1I.hols ;"·
langusg(>.
. I..s a .cotnmWl1 ty,. i t cODlpr1 s .~s Brahman, Chh.et:1., Gbartt, ~m...1· : ~
K.:lm1, Sar k1, Hu1ka, Tallll?te , Oaino , Ba1j 1, a te. As .. lbnguag:,. i 1 t is P';:l-'w.-
hrly knowp :..s Khas 11aLcct . tl" war p caU thi s lunguagc KbaYilll Bb.l:lYs, or '~'...
P~rb ... .tiya J Cl od t.h:., Khas -ea1llll"Wrl t y g S Kh<ll<ln or Psrba ti yu . Hov.".vo"tr, tb ,· :
pri.lct1c~ of c .. L.1ng Un -11 al,(-ct Pllrb..ttty<..l or K ha~ l ungu&Jg>3 1s tc-s t rk c 11.n ..
:1ng S1 ncu -.N: p..;.d. s bdongin g to o tb ... r cOllltll\U'lit1 c s rve1 :U.ng .lJs !.:..r i.lS buW ,
"" 'ster n falps • .Ilss;.:m, D.lr j (.;c l1ng, BUl'Itl<' ani .... ~.s<.: whON, huv,,: adopt....-..j it .· ,
<.J S th : 1r mo thGr-tongu<l , It Is ' lIow butkr knuwn .. s N~: p ... l1, th~ugh 1n · s·';i f!~ -:
qUd r tc;rs it 1s .... l.so cl:Ill~d O ~ rkb,:.l1. It n tH:; b..,corOP no t on ly th .) f n £lt1;J;,:. l · ·
1I..ngu[),G~ uf Njp£> l, bu t. .. l Sv ttv . 3p~ lI: " n l <.: nguilg·.· i"..Jt th..: majority ot PI..t.p.i. .
1 n norti!. &<ng ... l, 51 kk1 m ;.;n.i Bhut..n . Thb N,:;p ... l1s U ving In M.sstlm, · aurru::"
!-1(>1.;.y, j. ...n .1 'i th ,'r P'l rts of tb" l«Jrld conmuntc:.. tu \d th Ql h IJ.Outhcr thro~r.
"tb.") 1O::1i um u f thi" s l...!ogul.l g,: . '. . -'
. .
. " Snvc.rol S1nskr' t . v.>rks r ',tfr:r t,,) Knt.s or parbD t1 ytl~ On tilt.· buS1 s ,;.f
th ~s' r " f '.'r >:'o cr:s, j t Clm V'1 U b e sot i thl.t th!. Khas wtlr"l Il9 t :the Ary<l:lt; :.
e>t t.h :. V-.' "i i c p'~r1 o "i~ 'lbr,y 1Ir.%'I' Ary-,os, but. of D l lltor pcriofi, " Ukc Pl.l lll1v.... ,
Gurjur Ol, Shuk ~ , "!)aN"£! an i P'ShllCb£J. It Is prob ':lb.l " th~ t th·.::s~ post-V' ~ 1 c
~ . ryIl03 w..1N :..1I:1n to t.hu V;~ i11c AryiJna 10 spc;Jch ~m 1 cultu.r~· • . Dtt!'.:ir,""..ll c ~ a , ...
1£ aoy, mi ght ha vn br.:'JO ns 1nB1.gn1. fic~nt !.is thuSl' 1 a th{:: . .,tabc~ of ,' " .,
T;..m:mgs, Gurungs ,In-i 'Ibs k.:l l1 s . Although 10cb1·:orl 1n th'" In10-Irail1 I,1Q ' film11y, :
t iv) KhiJ S "i1 :. 1 .... cts b'1l ong"" M ith-)r to th!, Irtm1 .JO· f Dm1ly nor tl .t.p:'"! Ir,1hn_ . ·
'Ib!>y b·;" l :mg" .-l tn tb" lId.'" I01o-Iron 4 llD fand ly • . Th1 S 18 th ., oonclus' on tb!:tt
00 '.: .r' och'1s :Jf t ·-r :) stu1y '; f Koshmi ri, S1n<! , [Obart, K0h18~n1, Ktlf1r1 s _ .
t llo1, ,.to, a s Ul· y Dr. ~ 5p::>k- 0 to 1c:.y. For c Cln",:,n, r,nc t~ ' Sl.Ik'l, W'J may 1 ~!SC i'i b ",
ti!..~ langu.:lg-Js sp~ k" n 10 this 11ngul sti c melt1ng pot BB be longing t..;> . tit", ·
f andly, of Hi ma L:1y3-J.r yan l.LJnguuges.
.. ,.
. xB<.It & kr1.shn,~
Pokhrel, IIPrBch1n Kt\U8C1 So.msk.r1 ti, Ek Chhlllpbal" (Jt. Discu:3 s1 on ~
00 .Jll1citlOt KMs CUlt,ur.:. ). Rupre\dli.l, te~r J, No. 2 , . J~8 thu 2019 ' (Jun~ 196~),~
pp. 3B-45.
A group of this family (Pall.ava, Shake and Gurjaz:o,,), which hai Sp :-~~ ld
to the Iniu8 V<llley, got itself mixer:l up w1 th thf3 language of th..-l V",l"ltc
Aryuos, while tb,,, 8doon4 group (DiJr"du, P1 sheeh'::', btc) conf1n~1 th~: mst,.'l.v,,:' s
to ~~ arouni Kushrr.lr. This ls why the languagGs of ~radasJ Pi5hd Chu~
_'01 oth~rs war.. abV> to pr~s'} rv·'! tb':1 r non-Vc::'He ch<:oractor. 'nw doac.:n-
1.::ots o f th;~ 8f> non-V€,ij t? AIT-ms a r :-- non" but thos') 6p'Plaktng tb· abov· ,-
JT\·\nt1.on·1"l non-Vl"! "~ c l!:m~g' s, that 1. s, K~shrn1 11., Stna, KobilM, Koh1 5-
t:lnl, Kaf1 r' stemt, {.'tc. . •
Wh11Cl .:ncpi.1Ilding t.:. th~ CclSt fr,;;m tht:-ir homu km, th'<-' iui... sas woru
.compollod to give up their origtnul l.mguug<J in the San: wLly <:IS thi:
Pt,llav:.;s, Sh... kas .:.n1 Gurj ... r.as ha1 dc nl.l wbtl.-", roVing to th,) T<.lr.:.t (J<u..<ihu sh).
rlaI'l1ly ·hoOi.-} they " r pr.Jt.lchrn th ... nort.n"rn ,J£lrt CIf thu roo ..t::rn Punj'-lb than
ttvo,i r crig1nbl l ..nguogl-l chaog..."'! into til8 alY..w-m::'nti vnd Kh<lSLl Prakrl t.
Even th.m, th,:y 1'I.' t,.:,.1o : i SQv-:J rol W'> MS :. o f the lr o riginal languago . This :::-:';
is ~v1 'knt from the vocubula ry o C' tile l.;...ngu.(lgos s ,n k'en in Un Ng1 on a.t.r::ot,.. ·.-:
chtng fMIII Kulu v..llloy t., N"'O'll. Th,' Kh<.Js,J h£l; probllbly ont.cr(,; tnt.,) Ku'!.u ,,'L'
v.:.llcy oroun1 Aea A..T>. .. .~
Th:~
Khasos tut1 ?Os£tb~ SpNJ,-j .t o Gdrhwal, KwnQ u:~ (In; W(:ostol'I) Nc",.l; -;
by 800 .... D. 'lhcir 1omintot1.cn uf tt},llS': rogi 0ns~ hOWL·vcr, . ii'1 not l..;.st l;" ~[;J
llS th~·y C{im.;" into conflict With tll'l rul.i.rs 'of Garhw... l un'" K\lm..Iuo',. This
mtly be thA r - ason why t,h"1y lZlt r
sh1 ftrd tr.. M,m&sarovar an"" WlIstern N""J ,-, l~
Thr· p1ll,ar 1n5cr1pt1 on at Durlan~hyanugar tAll·is on~) to .s poculntl; that tht::
Kh:lSBS ha" entrench·n thtHrISf'lv·:s hi ' th ")s ,;, ~~ ~ onB by 1100 A.D. The 1nv6-
5. . on of K~un in 1123 11.0. by Krl.lch<aUa·, 4 Khus& ruler, ani i j C()I)P:..;r -
plate ·1eorl left by his. sun, ~shok,..chul1.<l lit Gayo Bom'Jtinlf\ bt3foro 1287
i . •D. 1cn1s 8"110' wo1ght to this vi.uw. - Sev\.;ral Khasa rul('rs, inclu11ng
Songroma Malla, Ri pu Malla, Ji tan h311a lln1 oth'~ ra a1vancc-:\ ~s far £IS
Kdtiunnniu. .
C,Jnti •••
231.
'~{emay conclude that the present rOl'm of the KhsSCl dialect is not tee
on g1n:..l -,one. Not 'are the Khasas defirit tell' the descendants or the anc1 cnt
Khas~s .. There is'slso no evidence that they did not essim1.lata ' thernaelvea ·
it.to the Vco.:fic i.ryans on reaching Napal :from Kashmir. "They DUst alBo h~va " .~.
rnixe1 w1 th the Klratis' of Nepal. They -might have mad w1 th -other C01llllU_
- n1tlt:1s when tht) inhabl wets of Gujarat and Rajasthan shlfte1 to -the Him,,:" .'
la~n . region during the Musllm invasion of IndU. The r001e'r n ~epeu languago
-has Bp"sctal aifin! t1s!J w1 th thCl Gujaratt Glni Rajastbani lan~Bgea • . '!'heN "
a~ saversl reasons for th1.s. The !{bases had cloSt;lcontact with tba ,Our", -.;,.. ! ,' ,
jaras, PaUav.:lB ani Shak<ls. Henco, even In the absence of the influx of -:: . ,- .
the!>e communitifls into tho H1molDyari region, thQ'·KhBsD. diaLect could -1'.:'ve~ "
lop spectal affin' ty w1. th th~ Aajssthani 11altilct-. In Gujarat, Rajasthan, '
w?skrn · N(..-pal, Kumaun aM Garhwal, sub-groups of the Sha~scn1, an 'Upshoot '
of Sanskl1 t, th(> Vet11 c Aryan' LJnguag<il, arc spok~n. Hencil, linguist! Cl afft-
n1 ty was poss1blu 1n th~s~ areas tilvan in tho obsence of the Khas8, GurjarasJ
Pal~v~B nn1 Shakas. The affinity between th6 Kbasa dialect ' and th~ Guj3-
rati anr:l RajBsthan1 dialbots h03 boon enhancoo by thEt influx of refuei.:\'·s .
from In1i<l into the H1malayan rtilgion, . , ,c I,' ' .. .,:
",
• •
;. We may !.hUBconclu1e that tbo llnciant KhaS8s EIllt..dred . into Nepal ... 13
'. vi ctorB. Having long given up tht:lir . It!l)~ago, they adopted tht: :. loc81 v... ri..:t.y ;
of tho Sh<lurst:ni, (the. origin.::l form· of mod~rn NIlpal;) wi thouti, (lny, hest t.l._
tion. They, ho~ver, a1ded Bome Kbasa words to this d1~leo~. · lhe.ent.1~
poople. coming unrier the ,dondnation of tJ1", Kbas8S than &ll~ tbemst:llv, ~ :,; ,:"
to ba Called Khasas in tht;l SdJOO way BB th ...; non-Gorkhali conmunities \/ha
C3me under th.Cj control of thIJ Shah rulers agreed to bo ' ealltld Gorkhal:hr.
In Short, i f tb<:l conquere1 gaw} the1 r languugo to the e<;tnquorors; , the .: •
latter contrthuteri their Ol4Il 'WOrds to ,t he conqueroo. , ." ;.,
. ' l .
For th1s roason, W!'< , cEn use tho tom Kb3s3 in two sonses; (1 ) pre~ " '" ~ .~ ;:
historic Khasa, that is, t,h,) Khasas of the ancient t111'l:s when they. 11 vd
in proxtD"d ty to thl;l non-:,Vcdic 1)~radas ani spoke 8 di. ~lect of ·.their own,. , '.
!wl (2) htstoric Kh~saJ that is, the Khasas of thf; lawr p.ar1od \/hen t.ti::,y '
h c ~ spread toW6r:i8 th~ Mclnsarovar anti W\.·.stoI'rl Ndpal. jb", d.ialtlct spok·.n .
. by th ... llttc:r Khaa&s .for~ · a part of tho Vcriio fa1!d.ly, and hart been artoptud
oven by tho dl)scenoiBnt3 of tha Vedic hryans. Ther.e was ' 8 gap o! ·a·m111t<nium.
b«tween the prc-h1 ator1.c an1' hi start c Khas8s. ' " '. . : .. '" ,
. ' ~';',/ ~ '
In thi s llrti c lfI, tho t~rin Khasa h<1s bSil.tm·· uso.i 1.n, the) aOCoM ael)se·. ·;
For tM s rOllaon, tbo ano1ont Kfl,ns8s m9Dtioned .,.n th1 S Drttcle ~ulrf b ~ ;'
l'?i.1M01 na thu ano~8tor8 of til"iJ presont inhsbt:t,:.nts at Ba i:tD,i1., Dot-I .. :';'
Jumla~ lIu~la, ut.c. 'lbl,.l lInc1ent·. Khaa.8 8 l.noludo both the nWU8tem~r@U "'7· ,~~~
(1)otya18) an-i th.,
~IU81;1torn·;rslt (JUlnl1s)~ ·7hough, from the historic.iil
v1cwpo1nt.. Dot)'l'lb ·(1~d. till) 1nhe,bltants of Pot!) haw bBS ethn1c aff1~
nt t1~s with \b\.l Khllssa than tbd Jumlis (l,ft. th(; inhabi tants of .l\.Lmla), '
• ; ,.
""
Contd •••
232"
Nepa l. I t was dt Vij~i into th", northbrn ilnd south ~rn . r I.lgion s . Tho norti"h"rn
region w~s called JSdyan; mdamng thi:: T1bet.an region (Bbot pr8d..lsh),. whild
tho sOuthern region wail' c ulll:ld Kha sas, lrasning thd Khas<:I r agi on. ThiJ pillar
inst.n11trl by Pri thvi &lla a1;. DurlanghYclDa gar contai.ns twoinscrlptiona,
ono: facing north anrt' tho 'otbar south. 'l'h;,;: fonner is in 'l'1boum sCript, "
wh~ 1\1 ·th" latter is . in Snnskri t. The T1.bo tan 1 nscr1ption :w'<lS ni;:pnt for ' .,
Ja-iynns, that :1s,til..,; Tib8t&n SUbjBCts of :t';r1.thv1. & 11a, an.-J till:' Sanskrit
1nscrf-ption for thli::.)lliasas . His wall-knoWn ga 11-p~t6 in::lcrlp·t1 9 D of 1)56
... D. aM soma other inscr1ptions \rero in .'!:Oc Nqpa11 language·. So was ,the
cOPP""r ' plate inS~t1,ption of his fath~rl .PUnya l1a118.
-. .' "••
Con tI"'l •••
233.
,
~.on g the Khasa Erahmans were Jot'si::! or Ja~
515 whose main duties were to
foretell the future, 8tten~ to -royal correspondence ani engage ~n e1ucu-
tional 3ct1 vi ties. (This probably explains why the .. KbaMdf:rs, (ho1..1er of
Khllr1 J Il8tln1ng chalk, were generally appolnt&1 f:r9m Bmong JB1.Bi 9 during
tha reign of Pr! thvi Nsrayan ShAh Bbo). Parihya 'M"! Ups'Ihynya Brahmans
functloneti BS priests of the royal family. I .
, I "
,
'Iba system or al8V~ry wa s probabq. - not pNvulent. BI'IIODg .t htl Kh88a8
"
( Chhewa r" prtl"Y.3bnt among th..: Khtlsas to1aj, is of a wry l.a,~ : orig1~.
. ' ' ,;
N ~r' 10,,",5 thd Khas£I cOnlm wli ty of today hClvj ' wi.lsherman (Dhob:1a), ·.ProObOJ.y
i n tho~,,' days KhasBS wor& woolc:n ' clothes which did not Nquire frequent "
'"'L~i:. · The)' us&d tbo ~m ' lugti to d~not.e clothes me1a only of cotton '
is & distortatf form of th.:. ancient term Whicb ~n bo o
tha ~\tl ithil1 term Examples Df l :'cbtmg:1ng "
into n aN foun1 E:lsll'olh tH"I,) too. axlImpU,5 lire as,follows:'- : '
, ..
I:nj;H5h PaH
Egui va lent " '
... ",, .
Balew -- '" Mull ,
.f ' , '
, -. ,
Fori:lhead Lil lE w'''' - .. ..
'Ni1tlar
.," . ,'
Kh~ sas probClbly :washwi their 1ir,ty. clotho8 t:.hamse lvE'! s".' "
,
Although familiar W1. th po ttery; ~b<l.sS5, ,.,tl1 ' not ~ske "1 t :'thamsel ~~ • . " ..
'lb,.:y ob 1;.." nett pottoryJ ate. from thz1 r neighbors on .hin; or in exchangti. ,'1
f o r 80m<l ' other comrr-9-ti ties, b eo~use th~y .-J1t:1 not bsvtl potters (Kumbale s )' .,
.Jmong howuvtl.r , 1tl1 hsw ~,ppar-~m1th.!l (TarooW.!l), ' snt1 iron- ,
smiths ini1c03tas that" bi!sit168 bE">ing 'skille d in ,working in "~~:.
tron, brass, tttc,' Khes8 l1ved in
prox:1~ty to iron deposits.' Minee ~!,l
"' ~ rG them asro, ani minors, 8griS. Tiroe-r was ut1l1zed t.o -make " :'. or'
ut•.:ms11s £IS well ' as r (lsidcmtiiJl bu1H1ngs. Ttwyu",,,d wickor to mak~ dokdS; :,
nllnBlos, (bask",ts), utc. Thoy might how l&Brnllti us1ng :tha ol:lmboo ... . .
tlS U11bL.'. from' MDgClrs. Thu , ~.se ,of drla:1 BM ferroon"tti1 VtigOtDb l.v~
an.·1 1s eupposad to ·bti the contribution of Khasas; lhur,; .
• aJLOS ' about tbil ,origin of tbu80 !ood8tl,1.f.f'"a •
•
COntti ~'~.'
234 . .
These Khasas were on ba-l terms w1 th the Boksa '!ha ru s o.f th~ south,
'Whom. they hateel ani fearei. They WtlrA a l so not on goorl terms to,rI th thr.
l1aih1 se Lichchhavi s , whom th .... y callf:d Bajyas .
Soc1al relations WI3l'> -rr.ore or l..,ss s imilar to thosoJ w<' seo now-.. """i .. ;ys"
l 'a:n11hs_ W<lre · W'ldivi1~d. 'Ih<J o loi <l.it IOOrnbtJ r was tht.> heCld of u family. h<3n
'wre called lOgnfJ anrJ women Swasni. Sons anti daughtt:.rs weN cilUod Ghl·! ...
ono1 Ghel1 rasptl cti ve ly. A husb~ nd anti- 1.1 wif", wt:ru cillldd' E£i Dnri l2i r .;,-
sp .;-. ctiv o ly~
•
'Ibe rule rs of Khasan ~1Crfl Q:ihoronts of Bud dh-l srn, but they did no t
show l ack of faith in Hinrluis m.
'!bey calculate"!. ti me 1n 11 ffElr~nt ways. While tho rulers u.s;.'lo1 ' wEl t e r
clocks, thu COmrr£ln pt-top18 ca l culatui ti m.:> on the basts of tht! lfmgth of
the pine toNe shadow or reccss':-s aftRr work; For thd purposo of resti n e .
c f~r work, farml3rs us~i to t~k 0 the yokq off thd shoulders of th8ir bu l-
lo cks thre.c: times iI 018y. Tht)y took r est socb tim.J they took off thd yak",
from the shoulriers of thtlir bullocks. On.:: day wa s thus calculllte ..\ ,llS ~
" qui va l ent to 3 yok&s. Alte rn .. tt v~ly I thoy caleultl t~ .oOf~ o1ay on th,~ br,9i I ; '
of' the length of a pin.,; troe's sna.jow. OnR day vas thUs calcu l a t&i as Oqu~';3
va lent to ,f our pinf\ trs.;Js' sba10w. The phra~~s, I, Tt " '·Juwa Gllam", "Chur "' ).1
Sa ll.1 GhamU (thre<i yoktls or four pine tradsl sha.1ow in' the riay), {Ire 5tH"
in use. KhSsas usoo tb,'-I t;.Jr m Mo lo to 1~nota a ' flClt tract ot: 1.and. What. -"",r..
t.'lt>y u,oori to r:lenot...I a ta'i r (rwb) is not cle~r, hoWevor .. .probably tMy UCl~
th,,-, t e!'Ill r ama ( or ramito). . . .. . .-.
,
Th,J custom of offering g1 rls to t :.!lllp les was prfJvalent <loong' th'"
KhasBs. 'lh~ girls thus off..:rtl1 wore -cc..f4!ft ddUki or deusi., 'lha.,lWdcrn
de usi systoJm follow'=d during th~ Tthur f;:;sttv .. l tDC1y b •• traced :to. . 'ttie s u _ ~
gi rls. Lat<.:r, it cam.;, to bt; obs-.!rvt:d by m..::n '.. lso. Similarly, tbu_, bhJile ; ~
dance was orig1ll.:l1.1y p ... rfonnui by Bh'::'n:js during thJ Tih&r rosti wl; !,.::tt~rt;
womvn ' too sWrtdd pa rticipating in ti\" £h.,ilo fest.iv a l. Bh8ilo is sno th }:'-]
Contd •••
235.
m:me for Bhaoris. 'Iba term Bhan-l-Bh&llo, like Sapo-Napo (which, in the
Juml1 1itllect, means tn8asurement), Chel1-B&t1 (girls), . etc', 15 still in
vogue. 'lhe Sha" 105 were the f .. thar of the morlern Bhallo "system.
. .
. . ; .
Among the several sub-groups of Nepal! KlratJ.s torjay, -it was the
MagarB who tlc tually first came 1nto contact with the Khasas. 'Ibe Kbases
hs"'i, of course, previously corrS into contact. with the R81s. But their mntn ;
settlement, calle1 Khasan,wes l.ocaterj inside what is now called the Kernal1
zonH at II cons1i~ rab le rtt stanca from thtl &:11 region. On th.:. other han1 •
• •
th~ Magors had thl:itr tiensa settlements to the: a~st of Khasan CiD'" continue1
to be their c los£ost. nl:lighbor.s for mo re th6n ~OO yaars. This may b.- the ,
rellson behln1 th.: close affini ti es 6X!Sting botwetm tnu social customa
.;: of Kh361::lS Dni Maga rB. Though b",longlng to thd Klra t family, thft Magar
dial.;:ct ODS , grammatical rola8 similar ~ tnose of thd Ntlpa l1 langui::lgu .•
405 for thtl const.ruction of sent .,:nc0;3s, tilers is not tb .... 811ghtt:!st dlff<:rldncl;':
b .. l;WtJtID t.no two l.cInb'll.!:lges. I t <JppeDrs thdt. t-l ... pali WOrds denoting oOlll!luni-
'.tbs such &s Gurung , 1'C:lm..mg, LiJIbu, anr! Lapch~ , Wt:N d~r1 vod troJ;U th .... ,
l-bgd r rt!aloct. The Gurungs o£lll tilt:!mselV:-!s 'Tal'llUB, and thu Tamangs bn1
t h" LapohCjs odl thams,d wB Tllmbus 03D.j Henge '.Jsp e~~i,:v.dy . We m... y thor~
fON conclud~ t.blIt these appar,mtly non-uyan wrms wro borrow&ri by thtl
KhE.sas from the:: Magars or M<oingr aa (dS th.::y aru also c&lltKi }. This is tr\Io
Hlso of such t l3r rr.s as Janr £In; fLl k.si.
Co ll ~ct one !!kIna of r~ce 0.1 ever y ropani oJ Bl r-ca n ce l c.n;s bp. l ong-
1ng to t he peop l fl (PNja), dn'i supply ( t he rice thus co ll<>cte.1 to thf.l .. rlilY ) .
-:'rant r em1ss1 do s on tn1 s account.. wn11e cp llect1 ng t.he" Pot<i t ax . Remi ss" Dn s
shci ll be gro;'lt a "l ac corlingly when, t ht: ._d-ccount s a re au-J1
, te ; .
Sh r awan Su11 7 J 1849
(Jul y 1792)
( '1bis OM9 r was ' :>$UE:d on t.nd S.ttr~ ri<ite for fatan "n1 Ka t nm.miu a l so) •
.3 . J1 sdmurl LeVY
T6 peop l e bel ongi n6 t o th~ thi r ty- s i x Castes in Katnmdn ~u - Valldy who
C\r ~ ;un'te r obli ga~1 on ' t.Q pay the 815Gmur1 l HY .
,. Pr ices of fOO:lgr a;ns havt- be,:;.n f1~i:i1 es fo llows'-. Supply foo 1gNins
at thtlSE: p M CtJ5 through thfJ approprl ata offi 01 a1 (Tohabi l :f<l r ) .as 500.n
.. 8 you ~c~1va th1s o r1 e r.
..
Ri ce ••• 4 pa t his Pbf rUptH~
"'.Ihea t. . -
:. -' .. 6 pil t hi s por r up.:u;1
k~cfl '
coll.actAi here Wli~r the Bis6mur1 .Levy nas bCien supplied t.o
the troops at thd ratoe of J p8th!S per rupee. Supply thE; rice collt!ctdj
ltlere un1er your superv1 51 on, as w<'ll as the r1 CIOI sent from here , un 1~ r
the B1S6muri levy, at the ~t~. _ of J path1.s per rupee. Obta1n paym::n .. . ,
~n cash. l-1ak~ ' paY1J1ttnt fo r Bls8muri. supplies l to the Brahmans, sn1 tran-
smit to us -thE' fun-is wh~ch we ha1 sent. Make suppl1o.'1s ava~bble on
0",11 t at th" followin g r.<iUlS:-"
, '
••
C. Co nsc ription In Hi ll R£lC$1 ons
Conti •••
238.
Bossn l'Ia 1 ta
Bu1unchuU.
•
As lon ~ as you are employe1 in our (military) campaign, we grcint. ..
you. sXdmpti on from ti.fferent l ev1 as anti labor obligllti.ons (Ashar_9sl:l .. 1n,
Saune-Fagu,· Amal1 iev1 ,~S, Bdth, 8t:1ga r, Doko-Boko, ete). ilU of 'you sha4
accompgny BhallU Th.apa. J,nyho-ty who "toes no t "to so an1 ~OtlS els~ ..m9rt::
shall bl 1EHlll~"i to h~Vd cormr\. ttet\ an offAnse.
~.. '1'o"ay, wv artj tjng<igcli in war. In casi;l you go t.o tbl: front, ranti .. r
iallgimt service IIn; thereby pL;ias~ us, w~ ~haU I'I:n.:toN, .tnlil Kipat
Cant; •••
..
2J9,
.
lan1s '-'e",uctec-l from your hoL1ings J or grant NWSM:! or Jagir aSSignrndr:.t:;.
Assembl~ as soon as you see thi s oMer an~ accompany. Bhanu Thapa.
Shrawan Sm1 7 t 1849
(July 1792)
Regml Research Collc.ctions, Vol. 5, p. ~lO~
•
Depopulat.ion Of Haikar Lanis In Lastern"Taral
:. '
(Similar orders W:;;'l'\! issued on tb~ Bl:llnd daw tor Septari "n~
"
M<ihot"ti.:r1
..
<;! l.so).
Contd •••
2UO.
\-le have rece1 ve,-l rtlport.5 that. Since Oasharath Khatr! has <11 vert.e1
(r:rots) cultivating Mal, lan·i s to reclai m his Kalabanjsr l.8n-15, you han·
5ustain&i a loss of Rs 6,OOJ am that this h ... s put all of you to hSr-isn1 p.
'rIB hereby iapute an Mal,st to v1 51 t that area ani investigate trregul..a-
r1 ties. After the D1. ttha (of the Malat) reaches there, repr~Qnt all . .
your hardsblps ani gri;:lvances through hilll. We shall thfUl punt sh any par.~on
\oI:to 1 a faun; to havol cIlusd1 loss of rev'moo on l'lill lands. Remain on your ~
lunds with assurBnce 8n1 continua to "lscharge rr;venue collectlon fWlctions, •
•
Jestha Sui! 6, 1662
(""1 1805)
flegmt Rclsea rcil Collectlolls, .Vol. 5 . p • . 538 .
(Conr}ense.; )
(From the Gorkhapatra of Aswin lh, 2006 (appt:Ox. September 30, 1949). •