Developing The Mud Program

Factors to Be Considered For ERD

† Hole Stability - What Mud Weight Is Required?
– Pore Pressure σmax
– Fracture Gradient
– Hole Inclination
Wellbore
† Formation Characteristics Collapse
– Lithology
– Mechanical Strength
– Chemical Reaction σmin P

Tensile
Fracturing
 Developing The Mud Program
Factors to Be Considered For ERD
Formation
Mud Weight Pipe Eccentricity
Pipe Rotation Cuttings Size

Velocity Profile Hole

Hole Angle
Cleaning
ROP Section Length
Fluid Rheology
Flow Regime
Annular Velocity
 Developing The Mud Program
Factors to Be Considered For ERD

† Wellbore Path † Lubricity

– Rate Of Build / Drop – Torque & Drag
– Max. Angle » DP Make-up Torque
Ratings
– Azimuth Changes » Computer Simulations
– Section Lengths – Top Drive Rating (Do You
– How Much Steering? Have a Top Drive?)
– COF Of The Mud
– COF Of Formations
 Avg. COF of Various Fluids

WBM

Synthetics

OBM

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35

Coefficient Of Friction
Lubricant Enhanced
 Developing The Mud Program
Factors to Be Considered For ERD

† Hydraulics
– Pressure Requirements/Limitations
– Pumping Capability
» Number of Pumps
» Pressure Rating
– ECD Concerns
– Motors, Downhole Tools
– Drillpipe Size (65/8, 5½, 5)
– Mud Rheology (Minimization of PV’s)
– Liner Instead of Casing?
 Hydraulic Analysis
6-5/8” vs 5” DP

AV = 166 fpm
8000
7000
AV = 196 fpm AV = 127 fpm
6000
Pressure (psi)

5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
6-5/8"+5" DP 5" DP 5" DP
850 GPM 850 GPM 650 GPM
 Developing The Mud Program
Factors to Be Considered For ERD

† Daily Operational Cost

† Logistics
† Rig Mud Mixing System
† Displacements Procedures
† Completion Technique
† Environmental Issues
– Marine Toxicity
– HES
– Discharge Restrictions
 Selection of Mud System
What To Use?
Marine Environment Hole Stability
Hydraulics Lubricity
Safety
Wellbore Trajectory
Logistics

Formation Damage Hole Cleaning

† WATER BASE † INVERT EMULSION

– Inhibition – Arctic Diesel
» KCL, Salts – #2 Diesel
» Glycols (DCP Product Line) – Low Toxic Mineral Oil
– Lubricants – Synthetic
– Rheologically Engineered – Lubricants