Module 1

What is an art?

Humanities is about the questions what he wants to ask about himself and about life, his experiences, values, sentiments, ideals
and goals. Humanities is about expression man’s feelings and thoughts. In Medieval Age, humanities dealt with the metaphysics of the
religious philosopher. It is about spiritual life and life after. During Renaissance, it dealt about the grammar, rhetoric, history,
literature, music, philosophy, and theology. In our century, humanities provides the student with definite skills and values through arts,
painting, sculpture, architecture, photography, dance, drama and cinema. Humanities provides more than just appreciation of true,
good and beautiful. They aimed to shape the students subjective energies, feelings, attitudes and aspirations, on how he views the
social world in what he wants for himself. Humanities bridge the gap between science and the arts. To generalize a bit, the arts are
mostly subjective, driven by individual thinking/interpretation, while the sciences are mostly objective, driven by factual/objective
reasoning, the humanities lie somewhere in the middle.
Art is everywhere but it does not only exists in concert halls and art galleries that is only accessible when you have lots of
money. It is found everywhere even if you ignore it. From our interior design of our houses, garden, the accessories we wore, the
clothes, the fountains in our town plaza, the heroes that were built, coins, the paper bills, the buildings we passed by every day, etc.,
Art is everywhere, it does not around you but all over the world. Centuries before, art already exist. They may not know that it is
already an art but it is. Art is storytelling. It uses music, dance, drama and visual media to tell those stories. Behind an art there’s
always a story to tell. Art tells the story of what it means to be human. Art comes from the very human need to express human
emotions and connect with oneself and other people. It have its own language that speaks for the human who created it. We may have
different perspective about it or the way we understands it but it have its own unique meaning. Just like a painting, it tells how it
makes its way across the canvas, the line, color and shape. In music, the rhythm, form, dynamics or the body, movement in dancing.
Art is sometimes about an expression or culture or symbol and it can also be narrative. Art is made by humans, speaks to humans and
learned by humans. Art is always beautiful in our own perspective. We have different way on how we see thing, on how we see an art.
Not every one of us can appreciate art but an art is always have a deep meaning whoever made it. Our reaction to an art is personal
and individual, it didn’t have to have a same reaction, you may love it but the person may not. It always depends to our expectation.
We have personal preferences that not all the time should be revealed. That’s why art is always unique.
Kinds of Subjects
3 ways of Representation

Landscapes, seascapes and cityscapes

Realism Abstraction Distortion

Title: Landscape with Charon Crossing Title: Yellow Town Title: Abstract Colorful
the Styx, Artist: Leonid Afrimov BattlegroundArtist
Artist: Joachim Patinir
Artist: Kazuya Akimoto
Still life

Realism Abstract Distortion

Title: Oleanders
Artist: Van Gogh
Title: carrots (series #1), 2010
Title: Bouquet (1599). Artist: KATHERINE MELANÇON
Artist: Jan Brueghel the Elder
Animals

Realism Abstraction Distortion

Title: American Buffalo III Painting

Artist: Hailey E Herrera
Title: Whistlejacket Title: The past is alive
Artist: George Stubbs Artist: Angela Gram
 
 
Portrait
Realism Abstraction Distortion

Title: The Desperate Man (Le

Désespéré) Title: Senecio
Artist: Gustave Courbet Artist: Paul Klee

Title: The weeping woman

Artist: Pablo Picasso
Figures

Realism Abstraction Distortion

Title: The Golden Apple of Discord at

the wedding of Peleus and Thetis
Artist: Jacob Jordaens
Title: Nude Descending a Staircase,
No. 2 
Artist: Marcel Duchamp
Title: Duchess of Oils
Artist: Ryan Mosley
Everyday life

Realism Abstraction Distortion

Title: Family Limo

Artist: Ryan Sluggets
Title: A Sunday Afternoon on the
Title: Everyday life Island of La Grande Jatte, 1884–1886
Artist: Reginald Henry Artist: Georges Seurat
History and legend

Realism Abstraction Distortion

 
Title: Oath of the Horatii, Title: Komposition V
Title: The Sentimentalist (after Ribera
Artist: Jacques-Louis David Artist: Wassily Kandinsky
and Cagnacci)

Artist: Masha Gusova

Religion and mythology

Distortion
Realism Abstraction

Title: L’Angelus Title: Laocoön

Artist: Jean-Francois Millet Artist: El Greco
Title: While Sisyphus Slept Painting
Artist: James W Johnson

 
Dreams and fantasies

Realism Abstraction Distortion

Title: Dream
Artist: Yavishtha Kaushik
Title: DREAMS IN COLOR
Artist: William Birdwell
Title: Dream & Fantasy
Artist: Rebecca Tecla
Reflection on “Monuments of Men”

Art is significant creation of an artist. Their work is their achievement in life, they made it through sweat and tears. It may not be
important to others but for them it is their greatest accomplishment in life. Their artwork is important as their lives. Not everyone can
appreciate the beauty of an art.
The Monument Men movie showed me how important an art is. First, to our history, without these arts our history is just like an
empty canvas, no meaning, empty and useless. The impact of an art in our history is big. Aside from having its own meaning, it also
talks about history. Second, to the one who owned and made it, they shed their blood, sweat and tears for their work. The art is like
their life, if it is destroyed it is like their life is also destroyed. Lastly, the one who cared for arts, they cherish the art like they own it
because they know how to value and appreciate art. They know the deep meaning of it and what it means to the artist.
The movie shows that there are so many people who are willing to risk their lives just to save the art. Not because they are forced to
but their willingness to save the art says it all. One of them said that their lives is the top priority but still they risk it and two of them
died. Their death didn’t went vain because they knew that they saved the culture and the next generation to see the history and the
meaning behind it. For them, art is worth risking their lives and preserving it so that more generations can witness it.
 Module 2
Three levels of meaning of Art
According to Cleaver, subject matter may acquire different levels of meaning; factual meaning, conventional meaning and subjective
meaning.
The factual meaning is the literal statement or the narrative content in the work which can be directly apprehended because the
objects presented are easily recognized. This meaning is often supplemented by other levels of meaning (from the handouts). The
factual meaning is the most basic level of meaning because it can be extracted from the recognizable or identifiable forms in the
artwork and understanding how these elements relate to one another (Dela Cruz 2018).
The conventional meaning refers to the special meaning that a certain object or color has for a particular culture or group of
people. The flag is the agreed-upon symbol for a nation. The Cross is a Christian symbol of faith; the wheel is the Buddhist symbol
for the teachings of Gautama Buddha (from the handouts). The conventional meaning pertains to the acknowledged interpretation of
the artwork using motifs, signs, and symbols and other cyphers as bases of its meaning. These conventions are established through
time, strengthened by recurrent use and wide acceptance by its viewers or audience and scholars who study them (Dela Cruz 2018).
The subjective meaning is any personal meaning consciously or unconsciously conveyed by the artists using a private
symbolism which stem from his own association of certain objects, actions or colors with past experiences. This can be fully
understood only when the artist himself explains what he really means, as in the case of the poems of T.S. Eliot where he provides
footnotes. Otherwise, it tends to be interpreted differently by each viewer or reader who may see it in the light of his own associations
(from the handouts). When subjectivities are consulted, a variety of meanings may arise when a particular work of art is read. These
meanings stem from the viewer’s or audience’s circumstances that come into play when engaging with art (what we know, what we
learned, what we experienced’what values we stand for). Meaning may not be sigular, rather, multiple and varied (Dela Cruz 2018).
Painting Analysis

Title: The Starry Night

Artist: Vincent van Gogh
Subject: Landscapes, seascapes and cityscapes
Way of Representation: Distortion
Meaning: Subjective
The Starry Night painting is brimming with whirling clouds, shining stars, and a bright crescent
moon. The setting is one that viewers can relate to a swirling sky directs the viewer´s eye around
the painting, with spacing between the stars and the curving contours creating a dot-to-dot effect.
These internal elements ensure fluidity and such contours were important for the artist even
though they were becoming less significant for other Impressionists. In the painting it contoured
forms are a means of expression and they are used to convey emotion.
Title: Mona Lisa
Artist: Leonardo da Vinci
Subject: Portrait
Way of Representation: Realism
Meaning:   Factual
The painting is likely of the Italian noblewoman Lisa Gherardini, the wife of Francesco del
Giocondo, and is in oil on a white Lombardy poplar panel.  The painting's novel qualities
include the subject's expression, which is frequently described as enigmatic, the monumentality
of the composition, the subtle modelling of forms, and the atmospheric illusionism.
Title: The Last Supper
Artist: Leonardo da Vinci
Subject: Religion
Way of Representation: Realism
Meaning: Factual
The painting illustrates the scene from the last days of Jesus Christ, as described in the Gospel
of John 13:21. Flanked by his twelve apostles, Jesus has just declared that one of them will
betray him. The picture depicts the reaction of each disciple to the news.
Michealagelo: The Divine

I think the two factors that led to Michelangelo’s greatness were his passion and his exceptional talent in art. He pursue his love for arts even
though his father is against it. Even his father can’t stop him or their financial crises can stop his love for arts. Although he received tons of
criticisms, instead of giving up it made him more determined. At a very young age he was able to make masterpieces. He accept corrections from
other people to learn more and do it perfectly. This is what made him a great artist.
 Module 3
Painting

Title: Dream and Reality

Artist: Ellah Joyce Amaguin
Subject: Dreams and Fantasis
Way of Representation: Realism
Meaning: The title says it all the ‘Dream and Reality’, the colorful
background is always a dream of a person, what they want to
have for life while the black which is the tree represents the
darkness, struggles and challenges in life. Life is not always
perfect. Before we achieved our dream we need to face the
harsh reality. The shadow represent as the person, who needs to
walk through that darkness to the colorful world that she want to
be.
Discuss the elements and Principles of Design that you used in your painting.
The lines that I used in my painting is not a perfect line but a curvy one to
emphasize the shape that I want to achieved for the painting. The curve line
represent the instability of ups and downs in life, that there’s nothing constant
in life except change. The shape is not perfect as what it should be because no
one and nothings perfect even in painting. The color is not as permanent as
what it is, it changes, as the girl walked to the colorful place, she can see the
true color and shape of the tree behind her. She needs to see the right angle to know the true meaning behind her (tree).
She needs to know that the struggles she went through is all worth it when she already achieved what she dreamed of.
 3 KINDS OF SCULPTURE
Free-standing

Carved in relief
Kinetic
 4 METHODS IN MAKING
THE SCULPTURE

Carving
Modeling
Casting
Fabrication
Architecture:

Architecture is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings or other structures.
Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art. It must be of the
highest quality of design. Architecture provides a sense of place and support of all types of human activity. It helps the man-made fit
in harmony with the environment while promoting health and well-being, enriching lives aesthetically and spiritually, providing
economic opportunities, and creating a legacy that reflects and symbolizes culture and traditions.
Appreciating architecture is how you see things. We must understand the concept of familiarity. The familiarity of our senses
with the specific space and time defines what is aesthetically appealing to us. No matter how small where you’re staying at when you
are comfortable the familiarity will lead us to appreciate such small space as it leads to the feeling of being home.

Appreciating architecture really begins with understanding what it is and what it isn’t. The architecture is woven into all parts
of our lives in great ways through the boldly design of an office, building, etc. When you look at a building you should be able to tell
or feel in a moment whether it’s a thoughtful piece of design or just a plain job done. The thing on how to understand Architecture is
awareness. Like ‘how does it work?’, “what does it doing?’, or the purpose of it. We can spend hours reading up about architectural
and design styles with a specific building, but nothing replaces simply going there and divining for yourself what the building actually
does.

There are a lot that contributes to a design like the lights materials, design and qualities. So if you are walking up to a building,
assess whether it’s inviting or intimidating, rich in details or in design, functionally intuitive or a baffling mystery. All of those will
impact the ultimate effect of a piece of architecture.
 Module 4
Philippine Art History
I. Pre-Colonial Art

1. Burial Jar 

2. Weaving 
3. Tattoo 
4. Metal Craft 
5. Carving
II. Spanish Colonial Period Art
1. Churches
2. Bahay-na-Bato 
3. Works of Damian Domingo 
4. Works of Juan Luna 
5. Works of Felix Resurreccion
Hidalgo 

6. Miniaturismo 
7 . Letras y figuras

American Colonial Period Art

1. Architecture
2. Commercial/Graphic Art
3. Works of Fabian de la Rosa
4. Works of Fernando Amorsolo
5. Works of Guillermo Tolentino
III.  Philippine Modern Art
1. Works of Carlos Francisco

2. Galo Ocampo
3. Victorio
Edades
 Module 5
Title: David
Renaissance Artist: Michelangelo (1501–1504)

Title: The School of Athens  Title: The Triumph of Death 

Artist: Raphael (1509–1511) Artist: Pieter Bruegel

Title: Portrait of a Young Woman

Artist: Sandro Botticelli (1480–85)

Title: Portrait of Luca Pacioli

Artist: Jacopo de' Barbari Title: Judgement of Paris Title: Belisarius Begging for Alms
Artist: Anton Raphael Mengs Artist: Jacques-Louis David
Neo-Classical

Title: Oath of the Horatii

Artist: Jacques-Louis David
Title: Charles Towneley in his
sculpture gallery
Artist: Johann Zoffany Title: Empress Joséphine
Artist: Pierre-Paul Prud'hon
 Artist: Philipp Otto Runge

Romanticism

Title: Death of Sardanapalus Title: The Lady of Shalott

Artist: Eugène Delacroix Artist: John William Waterhouse, 

Title: Adam Mickiewicz on the Ayu-

Dag
Artist: Walenty Wańkowicz,

Title: The Death of Chatterton 

Title: The Morning Artist: Henry Wallis
 Artist: Andrea Pozzo Title: Las Meninas 
Artist: Diego Velázquez
Baroque

Title: Quadratura or trompe-
l'œil ceiling of the Church of the Gesù
Artist: Giovanni Battista Gaulli
Title: The Raising of the Cross 
Artist: Peter Paul Ruben
Title: The Toilet of Venus 
Artist: François Boucher

Title: Quadratura
 Artist: Camille Pissarro

Impressionism

Title:  The Luncheon on the Grass Title: Haystacks, (sunset),

Artist: Édouard Manet Artist: Claude Monet Title: Woman with a Parasol - Madame
Monet and Her Son
Artist: Claude Monet
 (Camille and Jean Monet), 1875,

Title: View of the Canal Saint-Martin

Artist: Alfred Sisley Title: Boulevard Montmartre
 Title: The Beach at Heist
Artist: Georges Lemmen
Pointilism

Title: His wife Maria and daughter

Title: Femmes au Puits,
Title: Morning, Interior Elisabeth
Artist: Paul Signac
Artist: Maximilien Luce Artist: Théo Van Rysselberghe,

Title: L'air du soir

Artist: Henri-Edmond Cross
 Title: Der Blaue Reiter Artist: El Greco 
Artist: Wassily Kandinsky
Expressionism

Title: The Scream Title: Portrait of Eduard Kosmack,

Artist: Edvard Munch Artist: Egon Schiele Title: Sokea soittoniekka (Blind
Musician)
Artist: Alvar Cawén

Title: View of Toledo

 Title: Simultaneous Windows on the
City
Artist: Robert Delaunay
Cubism

Title: Girl with a Mandolin

Artist: Pablo Picasso Title: Figure dans un Fauteuil
Artist: Pablo Picasso

Title: L'Homme au Balcon, Man on a

Balcony (Portrait of Dr. Théo
Morinaud)
Artist: Albert Gleizes

Title: Les Demoiselles d'Avignon

Artist: Pablo Picasso
 Title: L'Ange du Foyer ou le Triomphe
Title: The Red Tower du Surréalisme 
Artist: Giorgio de Chirico Artist: Max Ernst

Surrealism

Title: The Treachery of Images

Artist: René Magritte

Title: The Elephant Celebes

Artist: Max Ernst

Title: Indefinite Divisibility

Artist: Yves Tanguy
Abstract
Expressionism

Title: Boon
Artist: James Brooks
Title: The Liver is the Cock's Comb 
Artist: Arshile Gorky

Title: Onement 1
Artist: Barnett Newman

Title: Cyclops
Artist: William Baziotes
Title: Symphony No. 1, The
Transcendental
Artist: Richard Pousette-Dart