Temperature, measure of hotness or coldness expressed in terms of any of several arbitrary scales and

indicating the direction in which heat energy will spontaneously flow—i.e., from a hotter body (one at a
higher temperature) to a colder body (one at a lower temperature). Temperature is not the equivalent
of the energy of a thermodynamic system; e.g., a burning match is at a much higher temperature than
an iceberg, but the total heat energy contained in an iceberg is much greater than the energy contained
in a match. Temperature, similar to pressure or density, is called an intensive property—one that is
independent of the quantity of matter being considered—as distinguished from extensive properties,
such as mass or volume.

Temperature is measured with a thermometer. Thermometers are calibrated in various temperature

scales that historically have used various reference points and thermometric substances for definition.
The most common scales are the Celsius scale (formerly called centigrade, denoted as °C), the
Fahrenheit scale (denoted as °F), and the Kelvin scale (denoted as K).

Three temperature scales are in general use today. The Fahrenheit (°F) temperature scale is used in
the United States and a few other English-speaking countries. The Celsius (°C) temperature scale is
standard in virtually all countries that have adopted the metric system of measurement, and it is widely
used in the sciences. The Kelvin (K) scale, an absolute temperature scale (obtained by shifting the Celsius
scale by −273.15° so that absolute zero coincides with 0 K), is recognized as the international standard
for scientific temperature measurement.
The three common temperature scales are Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin. Each
scale has its uses, so it's likely you'll encounter them and need to convert between
them. Fortunately, the conversion formulas are simple:
Celsius to Fahrenheit ° F = 9/5 ( ° C) + 32
Kelvin to Fahrenheit ° F = 9/5 (K - 273) + 32
Fahrenheit to Celsius ° C = 5/9 (° F - 32)
Celsius to Kelvin K = ° C + 273
Kelvin to Celsius ° C = K – 273
Fahrenheit to Kelvin K = 5/9 (° F - 32) + 273

Temperature Facts

 Celsius and Fahrenheit are the same at -40°.

 Water boils at 100°C or 212°F.
 Water freezes at 0°C and 32°F.
 Absolute zero is 0 K.
 Celsius and Fahrenheit are degree scales. The degree symbol is not used to
report temperature using the Kelvin scale.

Reference
Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. (n.d.). temperature. Encyclopædia Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/science/temperature.

Helmenstine, A. M. (2019, November 4). Review important temperature conversion formulas.

ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/temperature-conversion-formulas-609324.

Tajwar.thesuperman. (2021, August 25). Temperature. Wikipedia.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature