Lesson 4: Ellipse

Content Standard: The learner demonstrates understanding of the key concepts of conic sections.
Performance Standard: The learner shall be able to model situations appropriately and solve problems
accurately using conic sections.

Learning Targets:
At the end of the lesson, I can…
a. define an ellipse;
b. determine the standard equation of an ellipse; and
c. find the coordinates of the foci, vertices, the endpoints of the minor axis and the latus rectum of an
ellipse whose center is at (0,0).

Mathivation
In the second column of the table below are values of a, b, and c where one of the three is unknown. In each item,
solve for the unknown given that 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 . Afterward, color the cell in columns 3 to 6 that contains the
answer. The first item is provided for your reference.
1. a = 5, b = 4, c = ? c = 6.4 c=4 c = 3.99 c=3
2. a = 10, c = 6, b = ? b=8 b = 36 b = 164 b = 64
3. b = 5, c = 12, a = ? a = 13 a = 146.15 a = 10.91 a = 141.81
4. a= 9, b = 6, c = ? c = 72.56 c = 6.71 c = 10.82 c = 88.64
5. a = 7, b = 2, c = ? c = 45 c = 3√5 c = 53 c = √53

Now that you freshen up your mind for the next lesson go back to the learning targets and start to
accomplish them by turning your TEXTBOOK on page 42. It shall introduce to you the definition of an ellipse,
its characteristics and its essence to the world.

Math Lens
In this part of the module, you will be able to learn the concepts about ellipse. It will
help you achieve the competencies mentioned above.

Can you still recall the figure on the left? One of the conic sections formed by the plane and the double-
napped cones is the ellipse found on the upper nappe. It is formed when the plane intersects
in one and only one cone diagonally and does not touch the base of the cone.
For further concepts involving ellipse, you must read and analyze pages 43 -47 of
your TEXTBOOK. Hence, you need to take note of the important concepts about ellipse
such as:
• definition of an ellipse, its parts and definition and the derivation of the
standard form of the equation of an ellipse.

• a table that shows the summary of the characteristics of an ellipse with center (0,0)

Lesson 4.1: Ellipse with center at (0,0)

In order to solve problems involving an ellipse, it is important to know first its characteristics. Read the
summary found on pages 46-47 of your TEXTBOOK.
Concept Check!
An ellipse with a center at the origin and with foci on the x-axis has the equation ______________________.

An ellipse with a center at the origin and with foci on the y-axis has the equation ______________________.

Do not forget to verify your answers using the key answers provided.

Lesson 4.2: Determining Foci, Vertices, and Endpoints of the minor axis
of an ellipse with center (0,0) given its standard equation
In this lesson, you will learn how to determine the foci, vertices, endpoints of the minor axis or co-vertices
of an ellipse with center (0,0).

MATH DICTIONARY
An ellipse can be classified
as horizontal ellipse or
vertical ellipse (Tamayo
et.al,2017).
You should thoroughly classify the equation of an ellipse if it is
horizontal or vertical because it will help you determine the correct
coordinates for each characteristic. To be guided with these concepts,
refer to the examples found in your TEXTBOOK on page 48. There
are additional examples below for your reference.

Note: In determining whether an ellipse is horizontal or vertical, if the larger number in the
denominator is under 𝑥 2 , then the ellipse is horizontal or it is an ellipse with foci on the
x-axis. If the larger number is the denominator under 𝑦 2 , then the ellipse is vertical or it
is an ellipse with foci on the y-axis.

Example 1: Determine the foci, vertices, and endpoints of the minor axis of an ellipse
with center (0,0).
𝑥2 𝑦2
a. + =1
25 16
𝑥2 𝑦2
b. + =1
16 36
𝑦2 𝑥2
c. + =1
100 64

𝑥2 𝑦2
a. + =1
25 16

Here are some suggested steps that may be helpful for you:
Step 1: Classify the ellipse as either horizontal or vertical.
Step 2: Identify the values of a, b, and c.
Step 3: Use the values obtained in step 2 in determining the unknown.
Step 4: Graph your ellipse to check your answer.
Step 1: Classify the ellipse as either horizontal or vertical.

𝑥2 𝑦2 Note: Observe that 25 > 16 and 25 is the

+ =1
25 16 denominator of x 2 , then the ellipse is horizontal, or
it is an ellipse with foci on the x-axis. Therefore, the
Center: (0,0) ellipse is in the form
x2
+
y2
= 1, where 𝐚𝟐 =
a2 b2
𝟐𝟓; 𝒃𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔 and c = √𝑎2 − 𝑏2
Step 2: Identify the values of a, b, and c.

√𝑎2 = √25; 𝑠𝑜, 𝒂 = 𝟓 To find the values of a and b, get the square roots of
a2 and b2.
 √𝑏 2 = √16; 𝑠𝑜, 𝒃 = 𝟒

To find the value of c, use the equation

c = √(5)2 − (4)2
c = √𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 .
𝑐 = √25 − 16
𝑐 = √9; 𝑠𝑜, 𝒄 = 𝟑
Step 3: Use the values obtained in step 2 in determining the unknown.

Vertices: Note: Since it is a horizontal ellipse, substitute the

(±𝒂,0) = (±𝟓,0) value of a= 5 on the standard coordinates of the
vertices (±𝑎,0). Refer to the standard coordinates on
Thus, the vertices of the ellipse are on V1 page 46 of your TEXTBOOK.
(5,0) and V2 (-5,0)

Foci: Note: Since it is a horizontal ellipse, substitute the

(±𝒄,0) = (±𝟑,0) value of c= 3 on the standard coordinates of the foci
(±𝑐,0). Refer to the standard coordinates on page 46
Thus, the Foci of the ellipse lie on E (3,0) of your TEXTBOOK.
and F (-3,0)
Endpoints of the minor axis: Note: Since it is a horizontal ellipse, substitute the
(𝟎, ±𝒃) = (𝟎, ±𝟒) value of b= 4 on the standard coordinates of the
endpoints of the minor axis (0, ±𝑏). Refer to the
Thus, the endpoints of the minor axis of standard coordinates on page 47 of your
the ellipse are (0,4) and (0,-4) TEXTBOOK

Endpoints of the latus rectum:

Note: Since it is a horizontal ellipse,
𝒃𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔 substitute the values of a=5; b= 4 and c=3
(−𝒄, ± ) (𝒄, ± ) = (−𝟑, ± ) 𝒂𝒏𝒅 (𝟑, ± )
𝒂 𝒂 𝟓 𝟓 on the standard coordinates of the
endpoints of the latus rectum
𝒃𝟐 𝒃𝟐
(−𝒄, ± ) 𝒂𝒏𝒅 (𝒄, ± ). Refer to the
𝒂 𝒂
Thus, the endpoints of the latus rectum of the standard coordinates on page 47 of your
ellipse are TEXTBOOK.
𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔
G= (−𝟑, ) , 𝑯 = (𝟑, ) , 𝑰 = (𝟑, − ) , 𝑱 = (−𝟑, − )
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
Step 4: Graph your ellipse to check your answer.
𝟏𝟔
𝑮 = (−𝟑, )
𝟓

𝟏𝟔
𝑯 = (𝟑, )
𝟓
𝟏𝟔
𝑰 = (𝟑, − )
𝟓
𝟏𝟔
𝑱 = (−𝟑, − )
𝟓
Vertices: V1 = (5,0), V2 = (-5,0)

Foci: 𝑬 = (𝟑, 𝟎), 𝑭 = (−𝟑, 𝟎)

Minor axis = (0,4), (0, -4)

𝑥2 𝑦2
Therefore, with the given standard form of the equation of an ellipse at center (0,0) as + = 1, its vertices are
25 16
(±𝟓,0), its foci are (±𝟑,0), the endpoints of the minor axis are (𝟎, ±𝟒) and the endpoints of the latus rectum are
𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔
(−𝟑, ± ) 𝒂𝒏𝒅 (𝟑, ± ).
𝟓 𝟓
𝑥2 𝑦2
b. + =1
16 36
Step 1: Classify the ellipse as either horizontal or vertical.

𝑥2 𝑦2 Note: Observe that 36 > 16 and 36 is the

+ =1
16 36 denominator of 𝑦 2 , then the ellipse is vertical or it
is an ellipse with foci on the y-axis. Therefore, the
Center: (0,0) ellipse is in the form
x2
+
y2
= 1, where
𝑏2 𝑎2
𝐚𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔; 𝒃𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔 and c = √𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 .

Step 2: Identify the values of a, b, and c.

√𝑎2 = √36; 𝑠𝑜, 𝒂 = 𝟔 To find the values of a and b, get the square roots of
a2 and b2.
√𝑏 2 = √16; 𝑠𝑜, 𝒃 = 𝟒
To find the value of c, use the equation
c = √(6)2 − (4)2 c = √𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 .
𝑐 = √36 − 16
𝑐 = √20; 𝑠𝑜, 𝒄 = 𝟐√𝟓

Step 3: Use the values obtained in step 2 in determining the unknown.

Vertices: Note: Since it is a vertical ellipse, substitute the

(𝟎, ±𝒂) = (𝟎, ±𝟔) value of a=6 on the standard coordinates of the
vertices (0, ±𝑎). Refer to the standard coordinates
on page 46 of your TEXTBOOK.
Thus, the vertices of the ellipse lie on the points
V1 (0,6) and V2 (0,-6)

Foci: Note: Since it is a vertical ellipse, substitute the

(𝟎, ±𝒄) = (𝟎, ±𝟐√𝟓) value of c=2√𝟓 on the standard coordinates of the
foci (0, ±𝑐). Refer to the standard coordinates on
page 46 of your TEXTBOOK.
Thus, the Foci of the ellipse are F1 (𝟎, 𝟐√𝟓) and
F2 (𝟎, −𝟐√𝟓)

Endpoints of the minor axis: Note: Since it is a vertical ellipse, substitute the
(±𝒃,0) = (±𝟒,0) value of b=4 on the standard coordinates of the
endpoints of the minor axis (±𝑏, 0). Refer to the
standard coordinates on page 47 of your
Thus, the endpoints of the minor axis of the TEXTBOOK.
ellipse are (0,4) and (0,-4)

Note: Since it is a vertical ellipse,

𝒃𝟐 𝒃𝟐 substitute the values of a=6; b= 4 and
Endpoints of the latus rectum: (± , −𝒄) (± , 𝒄)
𝒂 𝒂
c=𝟐√𝟓 on the standard coordinates of
𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔 the endpoints of the latus rectum
= (± , −𝟐√𝟓) 𝒂𝒏𝒅 (± , 𝟐√𝟓) 𝒃𝟐 𝒃𝟐
𝟔 𝟔
(± , −𝒄) 𝒂𝒏𝒅 (± , 𝒄). Refer to
𝒂 𝒂
Thus, the endpoints of the latus rectum of the ellipse are the standard coordinates on page 47
of your TEXTBOOK.
𝟖 𝟖 𝟖 𝟖
𝑯 = (− , −𝟐√𝟓) , 𝑰 = (− , 𝟐√𝟓) , 𝑱 = ( , 𝟐√𝟓) , 𝑲 = (− , 𝟐√𝟓)
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑

Step 4: Graph your ellipse to check your answer.

 𝟖
𝑯 = (− , −𝟐√𝟓)
𝟑
𝟖
𝑰 = (− , 𝟐√𝟓)
𝟑
𝟖
𝑱 = ( , 𝟐√𝟓)
𝟑
𝟖
𝑲 = (− , 𝟐√𝟓)
𝟑
Vertex: V1 = (0,6) V2 = (0,-6)

Foci: 𝑬 = (𝟎, 𝟐√𝟓) 𝑭 = (𝟎, −𝟐√𝟓)

Minor axis = (4,0), (-4, 0)

𝑥2 𝑦2
Therefore, with the given standard form of the equation of an ellipse at center (0,0) as + = 1, its vertices
16 36
are (𝟎, ±𝟔), its foci are (𝟎, ±𝟐√𝟓), the endpoints of the minor axis are (±𝟒,0) and the endpoints of the latus
𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔
rectum are (± , −𝟐√𝟓) 𝒂𝒏𝒅 (± , 𝟐√𝟓).
𝟔 𝟔

𝑦2 𝑥2
c. + =1
100 64

Step 1: Classify the ellipse as either horizontal or vertical.

𝑦2 𝑥2 Note: Observe that 100 > 64 and 100 is the

+ =1
100 64 denominator of 𝑦 2 , then the ellipse is vertical or it
x2 y2
+ =1 is an ellipse with foci on the y-axis. Therefore, the
64 100 x2 y2
ellipse is in the form 2 + = 1, where
𝑏 𝑎2
Center: (0,0) 𝐚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎; 𝒃𝟐 = 𝟔𝟒 and c = √𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 .

Step 2: Identify the values of a, b, and c.

√𝑎2 = √100; 𝑠𝑜, 𝒂 = 𝟏𝟎 To find the values of a and b, get the square roots of
a2 and b2.
√𝑏 2 = √64; 𝑠𝑜, 𝒃 = 𝟖
To find the value of c, use the equation
c = √(10)2 − (8)2 c = √𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 .
𝑐 = √100 − 64
𝑐 = √36; 𝑠𝑜, 𝒄 = 𝟔

Step 3: Use the values obtained in step 2 in determining the unknown.

Vertices: Note: Since it is a vertical ellipse, substitute the

(𝟎, ±𝒂) = (𝟎, ±𝟏𝟎) value of a=10 on the standard coordinates of the
vertices (0, ±𝑎). Refer to the standard coordinates
Thus, the vertices of the ellipse lie on the points on page 46 of your TEXTBOOK.
V1 (0,10) and V2 (0,-10)

Foci: Note: Since it is a vertical ellipse, substitute the

(𝟎, ±𝒄) = (𝟎, ±𝟔) value of c=6 on the standard coordinates of the foci
(0, ±𝑐). Refer to the standard coordinates on page
Thus, the Foci of the ellipse are F1 (𝟎, 𝟔) and F2 46 of your TEXTBOOK.
(𝟎, −𝟔)
 Endpoints of the minor axis: Note: Since it is a vertical ellipse, substitute the
(±𝒃,0) = (±𝟖,0) value of b=8 on the standard coordinates of the
endpoints of the minor axis (±𝑏, 0). Refer to the
standard coordinates on page 47 of your
Thus, the endpoints of the minor axis of the TEXTBOOK.
ellipse are (0,4) and (0,-4)

Note: Since it is a vertical ellipse, substitute the

Endpoints of the latus rectum: values of a=10; b= 8 and c=6 on the standard
𝒃𝟐 𝒃𝟐 coordinates of the endpoints of the latus rectum
(± , −𝒄) (± , 𝒄)
𝒂 𝒂 𝒃𝟐 𝒃𝟐
(± , −𝒄) 𝒂𝒏𝒅 (± , 𝒄). Refer to the standard
𝒂 𝒂
𝟔𝟒 𝟔𝟒
= (± , −𝟔) 𝒂𝒏𝒅 (± , 𝟔) coordinates on page 47 of your TEXTBOOK.
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎

Thus, the endpoints of the latus rectum of the

ellipse are
𝟑𝟐 𝟑𝟐 𝟑𝟐 𝟑𝟐
𝑮( , −𝟔) , 𝑯 (− , −𝟔) , 𝑰 (− , −𝟔) , 𝑱 ( , −𝟔)
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓

Step 4: Graph your ellipse to check your answer.

𝟑𝟐
𝑮= ( , 𝟔)
𝟓

𝟑𝟐
𝑯 = (− , 𝟔)
𝟓
𝟑𝟐
𝑰 = (− , −𝟔)
𝟓
𝟑𝟐
𝑱= ( , −𝟔)
𝟓
Vertex: V1 = (0,10) V2 = (0,-10)

Foci: 𝑬 = (𝟎, 𝟔) 𝑭 = (𝟎, −𝟔)

Minor axis = (8,0), (-8, 0)

𝑦2 𝑥2
Therefore, with the given standard form of the equation of an ellipse at center (0,0) + = 1, its vertices are
100 64
(𝟎, ±𝟏𝟎), its foci are (𝟎, ±𝟔),the endpoints of the minor axis are (±𝟖,0) and the endpoints of the latus rectum are
32 32
(± , −6) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (± , 6).
5 5

Good job! You already know how to determine the foci, the vertices and the endpoints of the minor axis of an
ellipse with center at (0,0).
 Math Checkpoint 5.2
In this part of the module, you will be solving some practice exercises to check if you have understood
the concepts in determining the coordinates of the foci, vertices, the endpoints of the minor axis and the
lactus rectum of the ellipse with center at (0,0). (Refer to Math Selfie A, page 58 of your
TEXTBOOK).
Time Allotment: 30 minutes
A. Find the coordinates of the foci, vertices and the endpoints of the minor axis and latus rectum for each ellipse,
whose center is at (0,0).

(#2 on page 58) Given: ________________

Step 1: Classify the ellipse as either horizontal or vertical.

Step 2: Identify the values of a, b, and c.

Step 3: Use the values obtained in step 2 in determining the unknown.

Vertices:

Foci:

Endpoints of the minor axis:

Endpoints of the latus rectum:

Step 4: Graph your ellipse to check your answer.

(#5 on page 58) Given: _________________

Step 1: Classify the ellipse as either horizontal or vertical.

Step 2: Identify the values of a, b, and c.

Step 3: Use the values obtained in step 2 in determining the unknown.

Vertices:

Foci:

Endpoints of the minor axis:

Endpoints of the latus rectum:

Step 4: Graph your ellipse to check your answer.

Do not forget to verify your answers using the key answers provided for you.
 Lesson 5: Hyperbola
Content Standard: The learner demonstrates understanding of the key concepts of conic sections.
Performance Standard: The learner shall be able to model situations appropriately and solve problems
accurately using conic sections.

Learning Targets:
At the end of the lesson, I can…
a. define a hyperbola;
b. determine the standard and general forms of the equation of a hyperbola; and
c. find the coordinates of the foci and vertices, the endpoints of the conjugate axis, and the asymptotes of a
hyperbola whose center is at (0,0).

Math Lens
In this part of the module, you will be able to learn the concepts about hyperbola. It
will help you achieve the learning targets mentioned above.

Can you still recall the figure on the left? One of the conic sections formed by the plane
and the double-napped cone is the hyperbola. It is formed when the plane intersects both cones
and is perpendicular to the bases of the double-napped cone.

For further concepts involving hyperbola, you must read and analyze pages 62 - 67 of
your book. Hence, you need to take note of the important concepts about ellipse such as:
• definition of a hyperbola, its parts and definition, and the derivation of the standard
form of the equation of a hyperbola.

• a table that shows the summary of the characteristics of a hyperbola with center (0,0)

So, let’s get moving on determining the important characteristics of the hyperbola given its standard
equation with center (0,0).

Lesson 5.1: Hyperbola with center at (0,0)

In order to solve problems involving an ellipse, it is important to know first its characteristics.

Concept Check!
A hyperbola with a center at the origin and with foci on the x-axis has the equation ___________.

A hyperbola with a center at the origin and with foci on the y-axis has the equation ___________.

Do not forget to verify your answers using the key answers provided.
Lesson 5.2: Determining the Foci, Vertices, Endpoints of the conjugate
axis, and the Asymptotes of a Hyperbola with center (0,0) given its
standard equation
In this lesson, you will learn how to determine the foci, vertices, endpoints of the conjugate and transverse
axis and the asymptotes of a hyperbola with center (0,0).

Just like an ellipse, a hyperbola can be classified as horizontal hyperbola or vertical hyperbola (Tamayo
et.al,2017). You should thoroughly classify the equation of an ellipse if it is horizontal or vertical because it will
help you determine the correct coordinates for each characteristic.

Note: If the 𝒙𝟐 term in the

standard equation of the
hyperbola is positive, then the
hyperbola is horizontal or it is a
hyperbola with foci on the x-
axis. If the 𝒚𝟐 term is positive,
then the hyperbola is vertical or
it is a hyperbola with foci on the
y-axis.

Example 1: Determine the foci, vertices, endpoints of the conjugate axis, and the
asymptotes of a hyperbola with center (0,0).
𝑥2 𝑦2
a. − =1
16 4
𝑥2 𝑦2
b. − =1
144 100
𝑦2 𝑥2
c. − =1
169 25
𝑦2 𝑥2
d. − =1
81 144

Here are some suggested steps that may be helpful for you:
Step 1: Classify the hyperbola as either horizontal or vertical.
Step 2: Identify the values of a, b, and c.
Step 3: Use the values obtained in step 2 in determining the unknown.
Step 4: Graph your hyperbola to check your answer.

𝑥2 𝑦2
a. − =1
16 4

Step 1: Classify the hyperbola as either horizontal or vertical.

𝑥2
−
𝑦2
=1 Note: Observe that x 2 term is positive, then the
16 4 hyperbola is horizontal or it is a hyperbola with foci
on the x-axis. Therefore, the hyperbola is in the form
Center: (0,0) x2 y2
2 − = 1, where 𝐚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔; 𝒃𝟐 = 𝟒 and c =
a b2
√𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
Step 2: Identify the values of a, b, and c.
√𝑎2 = √16; 𝑠𝑜, 𝒂 = 𝟒 To find the values of a and b, get the square roots of
a2 and b2.
√𝑏 2 = √4; 𝑠𝑜, 𝒃 = 𝟐
To find the value of c, use the equation
c = √(4)2 + (2)2 c = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 .
𝑐 = √16 + 4
𝑐 = √20; 𝑠𝑜, 𝒄 = 𝟐√𝟓
 Step 3: Use the values obtained in step 2 in determining the unknown.

Vertices: Note: Since it is a horizontal hyperbola, substitute

(±𝒂,0) = (±𝟒,0) the value of a=4 on the standard coordinates of the
vertices (±𝑎,0). Refer to the standard coordinates on
Thus, the vertices of the hyperbola lie on the the table on page 66.
points V1 (4,0) and V2 (-4,0)

Foci: Note: Since it is a horizontal hyperbola, substitute

(±𝒄,0) = (±𝟐√𝟓 ,0) the value of c=2√𝟓 on the standard coordinates of
the foci (±𝑐,0). Refer to the standard coordinates on
Thus, the Foci of the hyperbola lie on the the table on page 66.
points E (𝟐√𝟓 ,0) and F (−𝟐√𝟓 ,0)

Endpoints of the conjugate axis: Note: Since it is a horizontal hyperbola, substitute

(𝟎, ±𝒃) = (𝟎, ±𝟐) the value of b=2 on the standard coordinates of the
endpoints of the conjugate axis (0, ±𝑏). Refer to the
Thus, the endpoints of the conjugate axis are standard coordinates on the table on page 66.
(𝟎, 𝟐) and (𝟎, −𝟐,0)

Equation of the Asymptotes: Note: Since it is a horizontal hyperbola, substitute

the values of a=4 and b=2 on the standard equations
𝒃 𝟐
y=± 𝒙 →y=± 𝒙 𝑏
of the asymptotes y = ± 𝑥. Refer to the standard
𝒂 𝟒 𝑎
equations on the table on page 67.
Thus, the equations of the asymptotes are
𝟏 𝟏
y = 𝒙 and y = − 𝒙
𝟐 𝟐
Step 4: Graph your hyperbola to check your answer.

𝐄 = (𝟐√𝟓 , 𝟎)

𝑭 = (−𝟐√𝟓 , 𝟎)

𝑽V𝟏1 == (𝟒, 𝟎)

𝑽𝟐 = (−𝟒, 𝟎)

𝑥2 𝑦2
Therefore, with the given standard form of the equation of a hyperbola at center (0,0) as − = 1, its vertices
16 4
are (±𝟒,0), its foci are (±𝟐√𝟓 ,0), the endpoints of the conjugate axis are (𝟎, ±𝟐), and the equations of the
𝟏
asymptotes are y = ± 𝒙.
𝟐

𝑥2 𝑦2
b. − =1
144 100

Step 1: Classify the hyperbola as either horizontal or vertical.

𝑥2 𝑦2 Note: Observe that x 2 term is positive, then the

− =1
144 100 hyperbola is horizontal or it is a hyperbola with
foci on the x-axis. Therefore, the hyperbola is in
Center: (0,0) the form
x2
−
y2
= 1, where 𝐚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒; 𝒃𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎
a2 b2
and c = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 and c > a.
 Step 2: Identify the values of a, b, and c.

√𝑎2 = √144; 𝑠𝑜, 𝒂 = 𝟏𝟐 Identify the values of a, b, and c.

√𝑏 2 = √100; 𝑠𝑜, 𝒃 = 𝟏𝟎
To find the value of c, use the equation
c = √(12)2 + (10)2 c = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 .
𝑐 = √144 + 100
𝑐 = √244; 𝑠𝑜, 𝒄 = 𝟐√𝟔𝟏
Step 3: Use the values obtained in step 2 in determining the unknown.

Vertices: Note: Since it is a horizontal hyperbola,

(±𝒂,0) = (±𝟏𝟐,0) substitute the value of a=12 on the standard
coordinates of the vertices (±𝑎,0). Refer to the
Thus, the vertices of the hyperbola lie on the standard coordinates on the table on page 66.
points V1 (12,0) and V2 (-12,0)

Foci: Note: Since it is a horizontal hyperbola,

(±𝒄,0) = (±𝟐√𝟔𝟏 ,0) substitute the value of c=2√𝟔𝟏 on the standard
coordinates of the foci (±𝑐,0). Refer to the
Thus, the Foci of the hyperbola lie on the points standard coordinates on the table on page 66.
E (𝟐√𝟔𝟏 ,0) and F (−𝟐√𝟔𝟏 ,0)

Endpoints of the conjugate axis: Note: Since it is a horizontal hyperbola,

(𝟎, ±𝒃) = (𝟎, ±𝟏𝟎) substitute the value of b=10 on the standard
coordinates of the endpoints of the conjugate axis
(0, ±𝑏). Refer to the standard coordinates on the
Thus, the endpoints of the conjugate axis are table on page 66.
(𝟎, 𝟏𝟎) and (𝟎, −𝟏𝟎)

Note: Since it is a horizontal hyperbola,

Equation of the Asymptotes: substitute the values of a=12 and b=10 on the
𝑏
𝒃 𝟏𝟎 standard equations of the asymptotes y = ± 𝑥.
𝑎
y=± 𝒙 →y=± 𝒙
𝒂 𝟏𝟐 Refer to the standard equations on the table on
Thus, the equations of the asymptotes are page 67.
𝟓 𝟓
y = 𝒙 and y = − 𝒙
𝟔 𝟔
Step 4: Graph your hyperbola to check your answer.

𝐄 = (𝟐√𝟔𝟏 , 𝟎)

𝑭 = (−𝟐√𝟔𝟏 , 𝟎)

𝑽𝟏 = (𝟏𝟐, 𝟎)

𝑽𝟐 = (−𝟏𝟐, 𝟎)

𝑥2 𝑦2
Therefore, with the given standard form of the equation of a hyperbola at center (0,0) as − = 1, its vertices
144 100
are (±𝟏𝟐,0), its foci are (±𝟐√𝟔𝟏 ,0), the endpoints of the conjugate axis are (𝟎, ±𝟏𝟎), and the equations of the
𝟓
asymptotes are y = ± 𝒙.
𝟔
 𝑦2 𝑥2
c. − =1
169 25

Step 1: Classify the hyperbola as either horizontal or vertical.

𝑦2 𝑥2 Note: Observe that 𝑦 2 term is positive, then the

− =1
169 25 hyperbola is vertical or it is a hyperbola with foci
on the y-axis. Therefore, the hyperbola is in the
Center: (0,0) form
𝑦2 𝑥2
= 1, where a2 = 169; 𝑏 2 = 25 andc
a 2 − b2
= √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 and c > a.
Step 2: Identify the values of a, b, and c.

√𝑎2 = √169; 𝑠𝑜, 𝒂 = 𝟏𝟑 Identify the values of a, b, and c.

√𝑏 2 = √25; 𝑠𝑜, 𝒃 = 𝟓
To find the value of c, use the equation
c = √(13)2 + (5)2 c = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 .
𝑐 = √169 + 25
𝑐 = √194; 𝑠𝑜, 𝒄 = √𝟏𝟗𝟒
Step 3: Use the values obtained in step 2 in determining the unknown.
Vertices:
(0,±𝒂) = (0,±𝟏𝟑) Note: Since it is a vertical hyperbola, substitute
the value of a=13 on the standard coordinates of
Thus, the vertices of the hyperbola lie on the the vertices (0,±𝑎). Refer to the standard
points V1 (0,13) and V2 (0,-13) coordinates on the table on page 66.
Foci:
(𝟎, ±𝒄) = (𝟎, ±√𝟏𝟗𝟒 ) Note: Since it is a vertical hyperbola, substitute
the value of c=√𝟏𝟗𝟒 on the standard coordinates
Thus, the Foci of the hyperbola lie on the points of the foci (0, ±𝑐). Refer to the standard
E (𝟎, √𝟏𝟗𝟒 ) and F (𝟎, −√𝟏𝟗𝟒 ) coordinates on the table on page 66.

Endpoints of the conjugate axis: Note: Since it is a vertical hyperbola, substitute

(±𝒃, 𝟎) = (±𝟓, 𝟎) the value of b=5 on the standard coordinates of
the endpoints of the conjugate axis (±𝑏, 0). Refer
Thus, the endpoints of the conjugate axis are to the standard coordinates on the table on page
(𝟓, 𝟎) and (−𝟓, 𝟎) 66.
Equation of the Asymptotes:
Note: Since it is a vertical hyperbola, substitute
𝒂 𝟏𝟑
y=± 𝒙 →y=± 𝒙 the values of a=13 and b=5 on the standard
𝒃 𝟓 𝑎
equations of the asymptotes y = ± 𝑥. Refer to the
𝑏
Thus, the equations of the asymptotes are standard equations on the table on page 67.
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑
y = 𝒙 and y = − 𝒙
𝟓 𝟓
Step 4: Graph your hyperbola to check your answer.

𝐄 = (𝟎, √𝟏𝟗𝟒 )

𝑭 = (𝟎, −√𝟏𝟗𝟒 )

𝑽𝟏 = (𝟎, 𝟏𝟑)

𝑽𝟐 = (𝟎, −𝟏𝟑)
 𝑦2 𝑥2
Therefore, with the given standard form of the equation of a hyperbola at center (0,0) as − = 1, its vertices
169 25
are (𝟎, ±𝟏𝟑), its foci are (𝟎, ±√𝟏𝟗𝟒 ), the endpoints of the conjugate axis are (±𝟓, 𝟎), and the equations of the
𝟏𝟑
asymptotes are y = ± 𝒙.
𝟓

𝑦2 𝑥2
d. − =1
81 144

Step 1: Classify the hyperbola as either horizontal or vertical.

𝑦2 𝑥2 Note: Observe that 𝑦 2 term is positive, then the

− =1
81 144 hyperbola is vertical or it is a hyperbola with foci
on the y-axis. Therefore, the hyperbola is in the
Center: (0,0) form
𝑦2 𝑥2
− = 1, where 𝐚𝟐 = 𝟖𝟏; 𝒃𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒 and
a2 b2
c = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 and c > a.

Step 2: Identify the values of a, b, and c.

√𝑎2 = √81; 𝑠𝑜, 𝒂 = 𝟗 Identify the values of a, b, and c.

√𝑏 2 = √144; 𝑠𝑜, 𝒃 = 𝟏𝟐
To find the value of c, use the equation
c = √(9)2 + (12)2 c = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 .
𝑐 = √81 + 144
𝑐 = √225; 𝑠𝑜, 𝒄 = 𝟏𝟓

Step 3: Use the values obtained in step 2 in determining the unknown.

Vertices: Note: Since it is a vertical hyperbola, substitute

(𝟎, ±𝒂) = (𝟎, ±𝟗)
Thus, the vertices of the hyperbola lie on the
points V1 (0,9) and V2 (0,-9)
the value of a=9 on the standard coordinates of the
vertices (0,±𝑎). Refer to the standard coordinates
on the table on page 66.

Foci: Note: Since it is a vertical hyperbola, substitute

(𝟎, ±𝒄) = (𝟎, ±𝟏𝟓) the value of c=15 on the standard coordinates of
the foci (0, ±𝑐). Refer to the standard coordinates
Thus, the Foci of the hyperbola lie on the points on the table on page 66.
E (𝟎, 𝟏𝟓 ) and F (𝟎, −𝟏𝟓)

Endpoints of the conjugate axis: Note: Since it is a vertical hyperbola, substitute

(±𝒃, 𝟎) = (±𝟏𝟐, 𝟎) the value of b=12 on the standard coordinates of
the endpoints of the conjugate axis (±𝑏, 0). Refer
Thus, the endpoints of the conjugate axis are to the standard coordinates on the table on page
(𝟏𝟐, 𝟎) and (−𝟏𝟐, 𝟎) 66.

Equation of the Asymptotes:

𝒂 𝟗
y=± 𝒙 →y=±
𝒃 𝟏𝟐
Thus, the equations of the asymptotes are
𝟑 𝟑
y = 𝒙 and y = − 𝒙
𝟒 𝟒
Note: Since it is a vertical hyperbola, substitute
𝒙 the values of a=9 and b=12 on the standard
𝑎
equations of the asymptotes y = ± 𝑥. Refer to the
𝑏
standard equations on the table on page 67.
 Step 4: Graph your hyperbola to check your answer.

𝐄 = (𝟎, 𝟏𝟓)

𝑭 = (𝟎, −𝟏𝟓)

𝑽𝟏 = (𝟎, 𝟗)

𝑽𝟐 = (𝟎, −𝟗)

𝑦2 𝑥2
Therefore, with the given standard form of the equation of a hyperbola at center (0,0) as − = 1, its vertices
81 144
are (𝟎, ±𝟗), its foci are (𝟎, ±𝟏𝟓), the endpoints of the conjugate axis are (±𝟏𝟐, 𝟎), and the equations of the
𝟑
asymptotes are y = ± 𝒙.
𝟒
Good job! You already know how to determine the foci, the vertices, the endpoints of the conjugate axis and the
asymptotes of a hyperbola with center at (0,0).

Math Checkpoint 5.2

In this part of the module, you will be solving some practice exercises to check if you have understood
the concepts in determining the coordinates of the foci, vertices, the endpoints of the conjugate axis and
the asymptotes of a hyperbola with center at (0,0). (Refer to Math Selfie A, page 79 of your
TEXTBOOK).
Time Allotment: 20 minutes
A. Find the coordinates of the foci, vertices, the endpoints of the conjugate axis and the asymptotes for each
ellipse, whose center is at (0,0).
(#1on page 79) Given: ________________

Step 1: Classify the hyperbola as either horizontal or vertical.

Step 2: Identify the values of a, b, and c.

Step 3: Use the values obtained in step 2 in determining the unknown.

 Vertices:

Foci:

Endpoints of the conjugate axis:

Equation of the asymptotes:

Step 4: Graph your hyperbola to check your answer.

(#4 on page 79) Given: ________________

Step 1: Classify the hyperbola as either horizontal or vertical.

Step 2: Identify the values of a, b, and c.

Step 3: Use the values obtained in step 2 in determining the unknown.

Vertices:

Foci:

Endpoints of the conjugate axis:

Equation of the asymptotes:

 Step 4: Graph your hyperbola to check your answer.

Do not forget to verify your answers using the key answers provided. Try to do the other items on Math
Selfie B, nos. 2,3 & 5 on your TEXTBOOK for mastery.
 AssessMath Time
In this part of the module, you will be assessing your learning based on the content
standard given to you from Lessons 4 and 5.

Name: __________________________________ Grade & Sec: ___________Time Allotment: 1 hr.

I. Table Completion: Study the table below and write the unknown values in the appropriate column. Supply the
type of ellipse, values of a,b,c , vertices, foci, endpoints of the minor axis and latus rectum of the given in
column 1. (20 points)

A. Ellipse with center (0,0)

Standard Type of Vertices Foci Endpoints Endpoints of

Form of the Ellipse of the Minor the Latus
Equation of a b c Axis Rectum
an Ellipse

𝑥2 𝑦2
1. + =1
9 25

𝑥2 𝑦2
2. + =1
25 16

B. Hyperbola with center (0,0)

Table Completion: Study the table below and write the unknown values in the appropriate column. Supply the
type of hyperbola, values of a,b,c , vertices, foci, endpoints of the minor axis and equation of the asymptote of
the given in column 1. (20 points)

Standard
Endpoints Equations
Form of the Type of
a b c Vertices Foci of the of the
Equation of a Hyperbola
Minor Axis Asymptotes
Hyperbola

𝑥2 𝑦2
1. − =1
49 81

𝑥2 𝑦2
2. − =1
25 24