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Chapter 2: Blood Circulation and Transport 2.1 Transport System in Humans
Chapter 2: Blood Circulation and Transport 2.1 Transport System in Humans
Chapter 2: Blood Circulation and Transport 2.1 Transport System in Humans
FUNCTION OF HEART
to pump blood to all parts of the body.
• (Right side : blood has less oxygen pumps to the lungs
• Left side : blood has more oxygen pumps to other parts of the body.)
human heart pumps by contracting and relaxing its muscles.
the left and right atria contract and relax at the same time.
What is heartbeat ?
- one complete contraction and relaxation of the heart
i)Heart relaxes : blood flows into the two atria through the veins
ii)Atria contract : the blood is pushed through the valves into the ventricles
.
iii)Ventricle contract : the blood is pushed to the other part of our body through the pulmonary artery
and aorta.
BLOOD VESSELS
• 3 main types of blood vessels:
arteries , veins and capillaries
HUMAN BLOOD
Platelets
Platelets are not cell and do not have nuclei.
It is a pieces of broken cells and irregular in shape.
Smaller than red and white blood cells.
Function: to help in blood clotting to stop bleeding.
Blood group
Universal donor O
Universal recipient AB
Blood donation
1. Anyone who is healthy , weighs over 50kg, age between 17-60 can donate blood.
2. Blood from donor is taken from vein in arm.
3. The blood is collected in a sterilised bag containing sodium citrate which prevents clotting of the
blood.
4. It takes about 5 to10 minutes to donate one bag of blood.
5. The sterilised bag of blood then stored in a refrigerator at 5ºC for 10 days or longer if glucose is
added.
6. A sample of blood is removed from the bag of donated blood to test its group and the presence of
viruses like AIDS.
7. Bags with the tainted with viruses or other unwanted substance will be rejected.
8. Before the blood is transferred, it is carefully tested against the recepient’s blood to make sure it is
a good match.
9. Then the blood is transferred into recipient through a vein in the recipient’s arm.