8

Science
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Work, Power and Energy
Science — Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 — Module 4: Work, Power and Energy
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education-Division of Gingoog City

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Author: Via V. Desabille
Yehlen V. Bendanillo
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Florida D. Arias, PhD, PSDS
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 8
SCIENCE
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Work, Power and Energy
This page is intentionally blank.
 Table of Contents
What This Module is About …………………………………………….………………...i
What I Need to Know ……………………………………………………………………..i
How to Learn from this Module …………………………………………………………ii
Icons of this Module ………………………………………………………………………ii
What I Know ……………………………………………………………………………….iii

Lesson 1
Work Vs. No Work ……………………………………………….1
What I Need to Know ……………………………………………………………………….1
What’s New: Activity 1: Tell Me, It Works! …………………………………………….....1
Activity 2: Pictures Tell It All ……………………………………………..…2
What Is It …………………………………………………………………………………..…2
What’s More: Activity 3: Fill in the Table ………………………………………………....3
What I Have Learned: Activity 4: Work is Done Vs. Work is Done ……………………3
What I Can Do: Activity 5: Situational Experience ………………………………………4

Lesson 2
How Work Related to Power and Energy ……………………5
What’s In: Activity 1: Direction of Forces …………………………………………5
What I Need To Know ……………………………………………………………...5
What’s New: Activity 2: Power and Work …………………………………………6
Activity 3: How Powerful I am? ……………………………………..6
What Is It ……………………………………………………………………………..7
What’s More: Activity 4: Applications ……………………………………………..9
What I Have Learned: Activity 5: Describe Us ..………………………………….10
What I Can Do: Activity 6: Application of Energy ………………………………...10

Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………...10
Assessment (Post-Test) …………………………………………………………………….11
Key to Answers ……………………………………………………………………………….13
References ………………………………………………………………………………….…15
This page is intentionally blank.
What This Module is About

In Module 1, you applied Newton’s Laws to evaluate the motion of objects. You
investigated the motion of an object and its relation to force, mass and acceleration.
In this module, motion will be analyze from the viewpoint of work and energy. The
concept of force you studied in Module 1, will be related to the concept of work and energy.
In Physics, work is an abstract idea related to energy. When work is done it is accompanied
by a change of energy. When work is done by an object it loses energy and when work is
done on an object it gains energy. Sounds confusing right? Don’t worry as you go through in
this module it will be clear to you what work really is meant for. If you enjoyed learning
Module 1, in this module you will be more motivated to study Physics.
At the end this module, you should be able to answer the following questions:

• What is work?
• What is energy?
• How are work, energy, and power related?

What I Need to Know

After completing this module you are expected to:

• Identify situations in which work is done and in which no work is done.

• Describe how work is related to power and energy.

i
How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:

• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I Know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge.
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with
that of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be
presented to you.

What Is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and
understanding of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are

intended for you to practice further in order
to master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do These are tasks that are designed to

showcase your skills and knowledge
gained, and applied into real-life concerns
and situations.

ii
 What I Know (Pre-Test)

I. Fill in the blank to complete each statement:

1. _______ is defined as the rate at which work is done.
2. The SI unit of power is J/s which is given a special name ___________
3. The SI unit of work and energy is_______
4. ________ is equal to power times time.
5. Watt is a unit of____________

II. Multiple Choice: Choose a letter of a correct answer.

1. The work done by a given force over a given distance is proportional to
a. The velocity of the particle
b. The sine of the angle between the force and the displacement
c. The cosine of the angle between the force and the displacement
d. The time during which force acts.
2. How is work related to acceleration?
a. W=ma c. W=max b. W=mat d. W=ma/x

3. Work done by force of gravity on a falling object is negative

a. True b. False
4. Work is done in an object when
a. An object is at rest
b. A force cause the object to move perpendicular to its direction.
c. A force applied
d. A force cause the object to move parallel to its direction
5. What do you call a force exerted over a distance to move an object
a. Power c. Momentum b. Work d. Watt

6. How can we increase the power of an object?

a. Increasing the amount of time in which work is done.
b. Decreasing force exerted by an object.
c. Decreasing the work done on the object
d. Decreasing the amount of time in which work is done.
7. _________ is the rate of doing work.
a. Work c. power
b. Energy d. time
8. The unit of power is __________.
a. Watt c. Newton
b. Joule d. Second
9. A weightlifter presses a 400N weight 0.5m over his head in 2s. What is the power
of the weightlifter?
a. 100W c. 100N
b. 25W d. 400W
10. How much power is required to do 180J of work in 2.4s?
a. 75W c. 178W
b. 430W d. 7.5W

iii
 Lesson

Work vs. No Work

1
What I Need to Know

After completing this lesson you are expected to:

▪
Identify situations in which work is done and in which no work is done.
S8FE-Ic20

What’s New

Activity 1 – Tell Me IT Works!

Objective: After performing this activity, you should be able to explain if work is
done in situations presented.

Procedure:
• Look at the pictures presented below. Identify which of the situations
where work is done and which is no work is done, and tell me why? Write
your explanations on your activity notebook.

Bendanillo, Yehlen. “Hiking for Home Visitation”. 2018. JPEG FILE Bendanillo, Yehlen. “DLP Review”. 2019. JPEG FILE

Situation 1 Situation 2
1. Is work done? No work is done? 1. Is work done? No work is done?

2. Explain 2. Explain

1
Activity 2 – The Pictures Tell it All

Direction: Observe the pictures carefully that shown below. Answer the guide questions
given.

Guide Questions:
Q1. What usually come to your mind when you hear the word work?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Q2. Which of the pictures showed work done on an object? Explain.

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

What Is It

Work may have different meaning for different people. For you as students, what do
you think is work for you? Probably doing your assignments, reading, reporting, doing your
science experiment works for you. Teachers, doctors, nurses, utility men, and others may go
to work every day. In these examples work refers to a task that is accomplished by exerting
physical and mental efforts. Work makes us tired right? Why is this happening? It is because
we are transferring energy as we do work, as you go further Module 2 you will find out how.
But in Physics work is done whenever a force produces motion or movement. For an
instance, whenever you attempt to push a table and nothing happens, even you are exerting
force but by definition you do no work on the table. In physics the concept of work is, work is
done if the object you push moves a distance in the direction towards which you are
pushing. No work is done if the force you exert does not make the object move in the same
direction as the force exerted and if the force you exert does not make the object move or
accelerate.

2
 What’s More

Activity 3 – Fill in the Table

Direction: Fill in the table by writing W if works is done and N if no work is done.

Activity W or N
1. Pushing a jeepney in a certain distance.
2. Pushing a firewall
3. Holding a book
4. Lifting a suitcase
5. Taking a load upstairs
6. A boy running across the playground
7. A mother dancing with a baby in her arms.
8. A basket being lifted.
9. A big box dragged across the floor.
10. A man climbing up a tree.

What I Have Learned

Activity 4 – Work and Energy Worksheet

Directions: Identify whether or not the following represent examples of work

Examples Work Done or No Work Is Done

1. A Man pushing the lock door.

2. A boy running uphill

3. A teacher holding a book.

4. A baseball player hits the ball hard

and runs toward home base.
5. Carrying a heavy load upstairs.

6. A girl lend on the wooden fence.

7. A teacher sitting in the chair
8. A boy pushing cart moving to north.

9. A girl holding a book

10. A carpenter smashing a nail.

3
 What I Can Do

Activity 5 – Situational Experience

Direction: You can only choose one (1) of the following situations.

Situational experience
Situation 1
You need to give two (2) examples showing work done and no work done using
photos (you can use either of the following: old pictures, cut-outs from old magazine or
newspapers, or printouts) based from your day to day activities and explain how work is
done on each examples. Paste the photos on a bond paper.

Situation 2
You need to create a comic strips based from your day to day activities and
explain how work is done on that scenario. Draw it in a bond paper.

4
 Lesson
How Work Related to Power
2 and Energy

What’s In

Activity 1 – Direction of Force

Direction: Draw the direction of the force and motion using arrows displayed by
the given sample. Indicate on the third column if the sample is doing work or not. Write Yes
if the sample does work and No of it doesn’t.

Direction of
Sample Illustration Direction of Motion Doing Work?
Force

Images Source: https://slideplayer.com/slide/3622457/

What I Need to Know

After going through this module, you are expected to:

• Describe how work is related to power and energy.

5
 What’s New

Activity 2 – Power and Work

Refer to the figure below, suppose Jack and Ben each lift a barbell weighing 200 Newton’s from
the ground, to a height of 1.5 meters, how will you describe the work done and the time it takes
Michael and Jim lift the barbell?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.

Source: https://www.lsusd.net/cms/lib6/CA01001390/Centricity/Domain/228/Physical%20Science%208th%20grade.pdf

Perform the given activity to see your power output in walking or running up a flight of stairs.

Activity 3 – How Powerful Am I?

Objective: After performing this activity, you should be able to compute for your
power output in walking up a flight of stairs.

Materials Needed:
• Tape Measure, ruler or any measuring device, timer

Procedure:
1. Choose and write the names of your family members in the first column of Table
1. (note 3 members only)
2. Enter each member’s weight in column 2. To solve for the weight, multiply the mass
(in kg) by acceleration due to gravity (g=9.8 m/s2).
3. Make sure that the height of the flight of stairs is approximately 1-meter.
4. Each member will walk up the flight of stairs. Use stop watch or any watch to get
the time it takes each member to climb the stairs. Record the time in the 4th column.
5. Solve for the energy expended by each member. Record them in the 5th column
of the table.
6. Compute the power output of each member. Write your answer in the table below.

6
 Name Weight (N) Time taken to Energy Power (J/s)
climb the stairs Expended (J)
(s)

• Is there a difference on the amount of work exerted by each member of your family?
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
• What do you think are the factors that affect the power output?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

What Is It
( )
( )= ( )

In the previous activity, what would the rate of work of Michael and Jim? To find
Michael’s power, divide his work (200 joules) by his time (1 second).Michael has a power of
200 watts. To find Jim’s power, divide his work (200 joules) by his time (10 seconds). Jim’s
power is 20 watts. Jim takes 10 times as long to lift the barbell, so his power is one-tenth as
great.

Michael: P= 200J / 1s = 200 J/s or 200 watts ; Jim: P= 200 J/ 10s = 20 J/s or 20 watts

Meaning: Power is directly proportional to work but inversely to time. Hence, even though
they have the same work output but differs in time to finish the work, power may vary. Since,
power is inversely proportional to time; power increases as the object finish the work in
lesser time.

Example 2: A roller coaster is pulled up a hill by a chain

attached to a motor. The roller coaster has a total mass of
10,000 kg. If it takes 20 seconds to pull the roller coaster
up a 50-meter hill, how powerful is the motor?

1. Looking for: You are asked for power.

2. Given: You are given the mass in kilograms, the time
seconds, and the height in meters.
3. Relationships: Fg=mg W=Fd P=W/t
4. Solution: Calculate the weight of the roller coaster
Source: Hsu, Thomas C. (2005). Physics a First
Course. CPO Science

7
 Fg = (10,000 kg)(9.8 m/s2) Fg = 98,000 N
Calculate the work:

W = (98,000 N)(50 m) W = 4,900,000 J or 4.9 ×106 J

Calculate the power:

P = (4.9 × 106 J) ÷ (20 sec) P = 245,000 watts

Example 3: What is the power output of a cyclist who transforms 27 000J of energy in
3 minutes?
1. Looking for: You are asked for power.
2. Given: You are given the energy, and the time in minutes.
3. Relationship: P= E/T
4. Solution: Calculate the power output of the
cyclist: First convert the time to seconds,

60

3= 1 = 180

Proceed to Solution,

27 000

= = 180

= 150 J/s or 150 watts

8
 What’s More

Activity 4 - Application

Direction/s: Apply your understanding of work and power to answer the following
questions. Write your answer on a separate sheet.

1. A machine is able to do 30 joules of work in6.0 seconds. What is the power output
of the machine?
A. 0.20 watt B. 0.50 watt C. 5.0 watts D. 180 watts

2. A 5:0 x 102 -Newton boy takes 10.0 seconds to run up three flights of stairs to a
landing, a total of5.0 meters vertically above her starting point. What is the power
output of the girl?
A. 25 W B. 50. W C. 250 W D. 2,500 W

3. Boy At A lifts a 50.-newton box from the floor to a height of 0.40 meter in 2.0
seconds. Boy B lifts a 40.-newton box from the floor to a height of 0.50 meter in 1.0
second. Compared to student A, student B does
A. the same work but develops more power
B. the same work but develops less power
C. more work but develops less power
D. less work but develops more power

4. Two physics students, Arya and Olivia, are in the weightlifting room. Arya lifts the
100-pound barbell over his head 10 times in one minute; Olivia lifts the 100-pound
barbell over his head 10 times in 10 seconds.
Which student does the most work? ______________
Which student delivers the most power? ______________
Explain your answer: ________________________________________________

5. During a physics lab, Jack and Jill ran up a hill. Jack is twice as massive as Jill; yet
Jill ascends the same distance in half the time.
Who did the most work? ______________
Who delivered the most power? ______________

9
 What I Have Learned

Activity 5 – Describe Us

Describe how work is related to power and energy. Cite at least two examples to
support your answer. (Limit your answers to five sentences only).
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Activity 6 – Application of Energy

Look at the power rating in the electrical devices you use at home. Indicate
the power usage and energy as it used up for about 3 hours.
Devices Power Rating (W) Energy= Power x time (J)
TV
Electric Fan
Refrigerator
Incandescent light bulb

Summary
Work is done if the object you push moves a distance in the direction towards which
you are pushing it. No work is done if the force you exert does not make the object move and
if the force you exert does not make the object move in the same direction as the force you
exerted. However, Work is done on an object when the force applied to it covers a distance
in the direction of the applied force. Additionally, work is the transfer of energy that results
from applying a force over a distance. Both work and energy are measured in the same units
(joules) because work is a form of energy. In which, the object that has energy is able to do
work; without energy, it is impossible to do work. On the other hand, Power is the rate at
which work is done. The unit for power is equal to the unit of work (joules) divided by the unit
of time (seconds). One watt is equal to one joule per second.

Formulas:
• Fg=mass x gravity (9.8m/s2)
• W=Force x distance
• Power =Work / time
• Power = Energy / Time

10
 Assessment: (Post-Test)

1. Power can be increased by__________________.

a. Increasing the amount of time in which work is done.
b. Decreasing force exerted by an object.
c. Decreasing the work done on the object
d. Decreasing the amount of time in which work is done.
2. _________ is the rate of doing work.
a. Work c. power
b. Energy d. time
3. What is the unit of power?
a. Watt c. Newton
b. Joule d. Second
4. A weightlifter presses a 400N weight 0.5m over his head in 2s. What is the power of
the weightlifter?
a. 100W c. 100N
b. 25W d. 400W
5. How much power is required to do 180J of work in 2.4s?
a. 75W c. 178W
b. 430W d. 7.5W
6. How much power is required to lift a 30N chair, as high as 0.20m in 2s?
c. 15W c. 3.0W
d. 1.0W d. 7.0W
7. How much power is required to raise a 30 kg crate a vertical distance of 6m in a time
of 4 seconds?
a. 441 watt c. 45 watt
b. 52.5 watt d. 385 watt
8. Which of the following statements is not true about power?
a. .Power is a time-based quantity.
b. Power refers to how fast work is done upon an object
c. The standard metric unit of power is the Watt.
d. The Newton-meter is a unit of power
9. A job is done slowly, and an identical job is done quickly. Both jobs require the same
amount of _________, but different amounts of __________. Pick the two words
which fill in the blanks in their respective order.

a. a. energy, work c. work, energy b. b. power, work d.

work, power
10. If you do work on an object in half the usual time, your power output is,
a. half the usual power output
b. the usual power output
c. twice the usual power output
d. four times the usual power output

11
11. Work is done when
a. The displacement is not zero.
b. The displacement is zero.
c. The force is zero.
d. The force and displacement are perpendicular.
12. In which of the following scenarios is work done?
a. A weightlifter holds a barbell overhead for 2.5 s
b. A construction worker carries a heavy beam while walking at constant speed
along flat surface.
c. A car decelerates while traveling on a flat stretch of road.
d. A student holds a spring in a compressed position.
13. Work is defined as
a. Force per unit of time
b. Force over a distance
c. Force per distance
d. None of the above
14. What are the units of work?
a. Newtons
b. Watts
c. Joules
d. None of the above
15. What is the sign of the work done by gravity on a man standing on a platform?
a. Zero
b. Positive
c. Negative
d. Depends on the particular situation

12
References

Campo, P., Chavez, M., Catris, L., Ferido, M., Fontanilla, I., Gutierrez, J., Jusayan, S. and
Mantala, M., n.d. Science Learner's Module. 13th ed. Department of Education, pp.3-23.

Cpalms.org. 2020. Elastic Potential Energy -. [online] Available at:

<https://www.cpalms.org/Public/PreviewResourceLesson/Preview/21274>; [Accessed 10
June 2020].

JustScience. 2020. Energy And Its Types - Justscience. [online] Available at:
<http://www.justscience.in/articles/energy-and-its-types/2017/05/14>; [Accessed 10 June 2020].

Quizizz.com. 2020. Gravitational Potential Energy - Quiz. [online] Available at:

<https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5ad01b70f99ab7001b998aeb/gravitational-potential-
energy>; [Accessed 10 June 2020].

“Power.” The Physics Classroom. Accessed June 29, 2020.

https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/energy/Lesson-1/Power.

Hsu, Thomas C. (2005). Physics a First Course. CPO Science

Aquino, Marites D, Meliza P Valdoz, Jan Jason M Mariano, and Mary Anne T. Bascara.
Worktext in Science and Technology. C.M. Rcto Avenue, Manila, Philippines: Science
Links Book Store, 2013.

Work, Energy and Power Practice Test 1. Accessed June 29,

2020.https://1.cdn.edl.io/LlH4q8Q6nSztGKdZqrhxKYdnR4DVh7paC6LHz8bBkrepEKFy.pdf

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