Lathe&Drilling

SANKARA POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
(Approved by AICTE New Delhi & Affiliated to Directorate of Technical Education, Tamilnadu)
Saravanampatty, Coimbatore – 641035
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
32036
LATHE AND DRILLING PRACTICAL
II YEAR / III SEMESTER

(M SCHEME)
By
Mr. K PRATHEEP B.E., (Sr Lecturer / MECH)
NAME :
REG NO.:
YEAR :
1
EDITION YEAR
I EDITION 2013
II EDITION 2014
III EDITION 2018
IV EDITION 2020
2
M-SCHEME
SYLLABUS
Course Name : DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Course Code : 1020
Subject Code : 32036
Semester : III
Subject Title : Lathe and Drilling Practical
TEACHING AND SCHEME OF EXAMINATIONS:

No. of weeks per semester: 15 Weeks
Subject Instructions Examination
Hours/ Hours/ Duration
Marks
Lathe and Week Semester
Drilling Internal Board
Total
Practical 4 60 Assessment Examination 3 Hrs
25 75 100
OBJECTIVES:
 Identify the parts of a lathe.

 Identify the work holding devices.
 Set the tools for various operations.
 Operate the lathe and machine a component using lathe.
 Identify the parts of drilling machine.
 Perform the various drilling operations.
 Identify the various tools and its holding devices.
 Identify the work holding devices.
 Prepare the record of work for the exercises.
Lathe section:
1. Introduction of safety in operating machines.

2. Study of lathe and its parts.
3. Types of tools used in lathe work.
4. Study of work holding devices and tool holding devices.
5. Setting of work and tools.
6. Operation of lathe.
7. Practice on a lathe.
8. Types of measuring instruments and their uses.
3
Exercises:
Make the following jobs in the lathe. Raw material diameter 32 mm M.S. Rod
1. Facing, Step turning & Chamfering
2. Step turning & Groove cutting
3. Step turning & Knurling
4. Step turning & Taper turning
5. Step turning & Thread cutting (L.H.)
6. Step turning & Thread cutting (R.H)
7. Bush: Turning & Drilling
8. Eccentric turning
Drilling section:
1. Introduction of safety in operating machines.
2. Study of drilling machines and its parts.
3. Study the types of tools used.
4. Study of work holding devices and tool holding devices.
5. Setting of work and tools.
6. Operation and practice.
7. Types of measuring instruments and their uses.
Exercises:
Make the following jobs in the drilling machine.
Raw material 50mm X 50mm X 20 mm thick M.S. Flat
1. Drilling & Tapping

2. Drilling & Counter boring
3. Drilling & Counter sinking
4. Drilling and Reaming – Radial drilling machine
BOARD EXAMINATION
Record note book and observation should be submitted during examination.
Lathe : 45 marks (2hours)

Procedure / Preparation 10
Machining / Dimensions 25
Surface Finishing 10
Drilling : 25 marks (1 hour)
Procedure / Marking 10
Dimensions 10
Surface Finishing 5
Viva-voce : 05 marks
Total: 75 marks
4
STUDY OF THE LATHE
Introduction
Generally, lathe is an important basic machine for all types of
machines. All the machine tools available nowadays are developed on
the basis of lathe. Lathe is used for removing metal from cylindrical work
piece to get required shape and size. The work piece is held in the lathe
and rotated about its axis. The single point cutting tool is moved parallel
to the axis of work piece to produce cylindrical surface.
The person who is working in a lathe is called as a turner.
Types of Lathe
The various types of lathe are classified as follows according to the size,
design and purpose of use
1) Speed Lathe 5) Semi Automatic Lathe
2) Engine Lathe or Center Lathe 6) Automatic Lathe
3) Bench Lathe 7) Special purpose lathe
4) Tool Room Lathe
Specifications of Lathe
The important specifications of a lathe are given below.
1) Length of bed Width of bed.
2) Height of centers over the bed.
3) Distance between centers.
4) Swing diameter over the bed.
5) Swing diameter over the carriage.
6) Maximum diameter of hole through spindle.
7) Power of the motor.
8) Number of spindle speeds.
9) Mode of drive.
10) Lead screw details
11) Weight and floor space required.
5
Figure 1: Simple sketch of lathe
Principal parts of Lathe
A lathe has the following principal parts
1) Bed 2) Head stock
3) Carriage
a) Saddle b)cross slide c) Compound rest d) Tool post
4) Tail stock
Bed
Figure 2: Lathe bed
6
The lathe bed is made strongly with cast iron. It withstands the
cutting force and vibrations. The head stock is mounted on the left, the
tail stock at the right and the carriage in the middle of bed. The carriage
and tail stock move over the flat or 'V' shaped guide ways on the bed.
Head Stock
Figure 3: Lathe Head Stock
The head stock with a hollow spindle is mounted on the bed. Chuck
or face plate can be fitted in the threaded spindle nose. Driving and
speed changing mechanisms are provided in the head stock.
The following are the two types of head stock.

1. Back geared head stock 2. All geared head stock
Carriage
Carriage moves on the guide ways of lathe bed parallel to the spindle
axis. The carriage is used for giving various movements to the tool. It
can be moved by hand or by power. Saddle, cross slide, compound rest,
tool post and apron are mounted on the carriage.
7
Figure 4: Lathe Carriage
Saddle
It is a 'H' shaped casting. Saddle slides over the guide ways of bed.
Cross slide, compound rest and tool post are mounted over the saddle.
Cross slide
It is mounted over the saddle. It moves perpendicular to the lathe
axis. The cross slide can be moved by hand or by power. Compound
rest and tool post are mounted on the cross slide.
Compound rest or compound slide

It is fitted on the cross slide. Compound rest has a swivel base
graduated with degrees. The swivel base can be tilted to any required
angle. Compound rest is used during taper turning. Hand feed only can
be given. There is no power feed for compound rest.
Tool post
Tool post is fitted in the T-slots provided on the compound rest. The
tool is clamped in the tool post.
8
The following four types of tool posts are used in lathe.
1) Single screw tool post 3) Open side tool post
2) Four bolt tool post 4) Four way tool post
Four way tool post

This tool post has a square block. Four tools can be fitted on four
sides of the block by sing screws. By loosening the clamp, each tool can
be tilted by any required angle and set. The height of tool is adjusted by
placing parallel strips.
Figure 5: Lathe four way tool post
Generally, the tool in a tool post can be moved as follows.
1) Longitudinal feed: Parallel to lathe axis.

2) Cross feed: Perpendicular to lathe axis.
3) Angular feed: Inclined at specified angle to lathe axis.
9
Apron
Apron is fitted with the saddle and hangs in front of the carriage. The
carriage movement is controlled by the gears, levers and clutches
provided in the apron. The carriage can be moved parallel to lathe axis
by hand wheel. Thread cutting operation can be performed by engaging
the half nut lever in the apron with the lead screw.
Tail Stock
The tail stock is mounted at the right side of the lathe bed. It can be
moved over the guide ways on the bed and positioned at any required
place. The barrel in the tail stock has a hollow spindle. The spindle can
be moved axially
Functions of tail stock

1) It supports the right end of the work piece.
2) Cutting tools like drill bit, reamer and tap can be fitted in the tail stock
spindle to perform drilling, reaming and tapping operations.
3) The tail stock can be moved crosswise and taper turning can be
done using set over method.
Work Holding Devices

The devices used for holding the work pieces with grip are called
work holding devices. The following work holding devices are used in
lathe.
1) Chuck 5) Catch plate or driving plate
2) Face plate 6) work held between centers
3) Angle plate 7) Mandrel
4) Carrier Or Dog 8) Fixture
10
Chucks
Work pieces of short lengths, large diameter and irregular shapes
can be held in chucks. The following three type of chucks are available.
1) Three jaw self centering chuck
2) Four jaw independent chuck
3) Magnetic chuck
Three Jaw Self centering chuck

Three jaw chuck or self-centering chuck is the chuck, which has
three jaws for holding the work piece, and if one jaw is moved then all
the other jaws also move by same distance.
Figure 6: Three jaw chuck
Centre
Centre’s are useful in holding the work in a lathe between centre’s.
The shank of a centre has Morse taper on it and the face is conical in
shape. There are two types of centres namely
1) Live centres and 2) Dead centres
11
Figure 7: Centre
Four Jaw independent chuck

As the name indicates this chuck has four jaws for holding the work
each jaw is independent to move
Figure 8: Four jaw chuck
12
Machining operations done on Lathe
The following important operations are generally done on a lathe.
1) Plain turning 8) Eccentric turning
2) Facing 9) Drilling
3) Chamfering 10) Reaming
4) Grooving 11) Boring
5) Parting off 12) Taper turning
6) Knurling 13) Thread cutting
7) Forming
Plain Turning
Figure 9: Plain Turning
Reducing the diameter of cylindrical components is plain turning. The

work piece is held in the chuck or in between the centers and rotated
about the lathe axis. Turning tool is fitted correctly in the tool post. Depth
of cut is given by moving the cross slide. The feed is given to the turning
tool by moving the carriage parallel to the lathe axis.
Turning of different diameters in· a work piece is called step turning
13
Facing
Figure 10: Facing

Machining the ends of work piece for producing flat surface is called
facing. Work piece is held in the chuck or in between centers and rotated
about lathe axis. The facing tool is moved towards the centre of work
piece perpendicular to the lathe axis.
Chamfering
Figure 11: Chamfering
Machining the ends of the work piece for removing the sharp edge
and producing a beveled edge by using chamfering tool is called
chamfering. Generally chamfering is done after turning, drilling, boring
and thread cutting operations
14
Grooving
Figure 12: Grooving

It is also called as undercutting and recessing. Grooving is generally
done at the end of the threaded portion. The grooving tool is fed
perpendicular to the lathe axis and undercutting of required depth can be
done on the work piece.
Parting off
Figure 13: Parting Off

Parting off is the operation of cutting and removing the work piece
after the work piece is machined to required size and shape. The parting
tool is fed towards the centre of work piece perpendicular to the lathe
axis. Carriage is locked during parting off operation.
Knurling
Knurling is an operation used for providing good gripping surface on
the work piece. Generally this surface will be in diamond shape.
15
The pattern on the knurling tool is produced on the work piece
surface. The work piece should be rotated at low speed. The diameter of
work piece is slightly increased during knurling.
Figure 14: Knurling
Forming
Forming is an operation of producing concave, convex and irregular
shapes in the work piece by using a form tool. The form tool is fed
towards the work piece perpendicular to the lathe axis.
Figure 15: Forming
16
Eccentric Turning
Eccentric turning is an operation performed on a work piece with
different centers. It is used for turning crank shafts and eccentric. First
the work piece is held in its true centre axis and turning is done. Then it
is held in the eccentric centre axis and turning is done for required
length.
Figure 16: Eccentric Turning
Drilling
Making holes in the work piece is called drilling. Drill bit is fitted
directly in the tail stock spindle or by using drill chuck or socket. The tail
stock is moved over the bed and clamped near the work piece.
Figure 17: Drilling
17
Taper Turning
Taper turning is an operation of producing conical surface on the
work piece.
Taper turning is done in the following methods.
1) Form tool method
2) Compound rest method
3) Tail stock set over method
4) Taper turning attachment method
5) By combining longitudinal and cross feed
Compound rest method
Figure 18: Compound Rest method
In this method, the tool is fed at an angle to the lathe axis against the
rotating work piece and taper turning is done.
Formula to find the taper angle is
𝑫−𝒅
𝜽 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏
𝟐∗𝑳
Where, 𝜽 is the required taper angle
D is the larger taper diameter in mm
d is the smaller taper diameter in mm
L is the length of the taper in mm
18
STUDY OF DRILLING
Introduction
Drilling is the process of producing circular holes in a work piece. The
machine used for this operation is called drilling machine and the tool is called
drill or drill bit. The hole is produced by giving axial movement to the rotating drill
against the work piece.
Types of drills
The following are the types of drills used for producing holes
1) Flat drill or spade drill

2) Straight fluted drill
3) Twist drill
4) Oil tube drill
Figure 19: Types of drill bit
Types of drilling machine

The different types of drilling machines are
1) Portable drilling machine
2) Sensitive drilling machine
(i) Bench type (ii) Floor type
19
3) Upright drilling machine
4) Radial drilling machine
(i) Plain type
(ii) Semi universal type
(iii) Universal type
5) Gang drilling machine
6) Multi spindle drilling machine
7) Deep hole drilling machine
(i) Vertical type
(ii) (ii) Horizontal type
Vertical drilling machine
Figure 20: Vertical Drilling Machine
It is a heavy duty drilling machine mounted on the floor. It can be used for
drilling holes up to 25mm diameter. The important parts are explained below
1) Base
The base is mounted on the floor. It supports other parts of the drilling
machine. T-slots are provided for holding large work pieces.
20
2) Column
It is mounted vertically on the base. It is also called as upright. It supports
the table, spindle head and driving mechanism.
3) Table
The rectangular or circular table is fitted to the column. T-slots are provided
on the table to hold work pieces. The table can be moved up and down along
the column. It can be rotated about its own axis.
4) Spindle head
At the top of the column, a motor is fitted on one side. The spindle
head is fitted on the other side. The motor drives the spindle through
V-belt and step cone pulley.
Radial drilling machine
Figure 21: Radial Drilling Machine
21
This is the most widely used drilling machine. It can be used for
drilling holes in heavy and large work pieces. The important parts are
explained below.
1) Base
It is a large rectangular casting. The top surface of base is machined
accurately. T-slots are provided on the base for holding large work
pieces.
2) Column
It is a cylindrical hollow casting mounted on the base. A radial arm is
fitted perpendicular to the column. The radial arm can be moved up and
down by an elevating screw which is driven by a motor.
3) Table
It is fitted on the base. It has T-slots to hold work pieces
4) Radial Arm
It is a heavy casting mounted perpendicular to the column. The radial
arm can be adjusted vertically along the column according to the height
of work piece. It can be rotated
5) Spindle Head
The spindle head is mounted on the radial arm. It has a motor in the
top to drive the spindle. The spindle head can be moved along the guide
ways on the radial arm.
Drilling machine operations

The following operations can be performed in a drilling machine.
1) Drilling 5) Counter Sinking
2) Reaming 6) Spot Facing
3) Boring 7) Tapping
4) Counter Boring
22
Drilling
Figure 22: Drilling

Drilling is the operation of producing round hole on the work piece by using
a drill bit. The centre of the hole is located and marked by using centre punch.
The drill of correct size is fitted in the spindle. The rotating drill is pressed at
the centre point marked on the work piece.
Reaming
Figure 23: Reaming
The process of finishing the already drilled hole is called reaming. A tool
with multiple cutting edge called reamer is used for this operation. It removes
less amount (0.375mm) of metal.
23
Boring
Figure 24: Boring
Boring is the process of enlarging the already drilled hole by a single point
cutting tool. When the suitable larger size drill is not available, boring is done to
enlarge the small hole.
Counter boring
Figure 25: Counter Boring
Counter boring is the process of enlarging the end of a hole cylindrically.

This enlarged portion is to accommodate the heads of bolts, studs and pins. A
tool known as counter bore is used for this operation.
24
Counter Sinking
Counter sinking is the process of producing a conical enlargement at the
end of a hole. This is done to seat the counter sink heads of the screws and
rivets.
Figure 26: Counter Sinking
Spot Facing
Figure 27: Spot Facing
It is the process of producing a smooth and flat surface around a hole.

Spot facing is done to provide a true seat for screw head, nut, washer,
etc.
25
Tapping
Figure 28: Tapping
Tapping is the process of cutting internal threads in a hole by using a

tool called tap. A tap has cutting edge in the form of threads. A hole is
drilled before tapping. The drilled hole will be smaller than the tap size.
26
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
Important measuring instruments

The Important measuring instruments used in lathe and drilling are
as follows
1) Steel rule 4) Fillet and radius gauge
2) Calipers 5) Pitch gauge screw
3) Feeler gauges 6) Vernier Caliper
Steel Rule
Figure 29: Steel Rule
This is also called as scale. It is simplest and most common measuring

instruments used to measure length. It consists of a strip of hardened steel
having line graduations etched or engraved at interval of fraction. The scales
are available in the sizes of 150 mm, 300 mm, 600 mm and 1000 mm. This is
not accurate measuring device. It can be used in general measurement in
foundry, steel factories, fabrication works, etc
Calipers
Calipers are generally used to measure the size or to transfer a dimension
to a work piece. The commonly used calipers are:
1) Outside caliper
2) Inside caliper
3) Outside spring caliper
4) inside spring caliper
5) Jenny or Odd leg caliper
27
Outside caliper has two-curved legs bent inwards. It is used to
measure outside dimensions like diameter, thickness, etc. with the help of
steel rule. The two legs are joined stiff at the hinge of the legs
An inside caliper has two straight legs bent outwards. It is used to

measure the inside dimensions of holes, shoulders, parallel surface, etc.
The accurate measurements can be easily adjusted in the screw controlled
spring calipers
Figure 30: Types of calipers
The odd leg caliper is used for scribing parallel lines about a straight
edge of the work piece. It is also used to find the centre of a cylindrical
work.
Feeler gauges
Figure 31:Feeler gauges
28
Feeler gauges are used to measure the gap between two parallel flat faces.
It is also called as thickness gauges. A feeler gauge consists of a narrow strip of
sheet steel with specified thickness. There are many gauges of different
thickness assembled together to a common hinge. They can be brought into
use independently. These are called feeler gauges because the user can feel its
correctness by him.
Some applications of feeler gauges are given below.

1) It is used to measure the clearance between the tool and work piece in the
machines.
2) It is used in automobiles for adjusting the spark plug clearance correctly.
3) It is used to measure the clearance between piston and cylinder.
4) It is used for measuring the clearance between the guide and guide ways in
machines.
Fillet and radius gauges
Figure 32:Fillet and radius gauge
Fillet and radius gauge consists of a metal case containing a number

of steel blades in it. The fillet and radius gauges are made in thin strong
strips curved to different radii at end. One set of blades, mounted on one
end of the case carries concave end faces. The other set at the other end
of the case, carries convex end formations. The radii of the curvatures of
the end formations are of different dimensions
29
Pitch screw gauges
Pitch screw gauge is a very effective and accurate instrument used to
identify or check the pitch of the threads on different threaded items. It consists
of a case made of metal carrying a large number of blades or threaded strips.
They have teeth of different pitches cut on their edges. The corresponding pitch
value is marked on the surfaces.
Figure 33:Pitch screw gauge
Vernier Caliper
Figure 34:Vernier Caliper
30
Length, width, depth, outside diameter and inside diameter of a component
can be measured by using vernier caliper. The accuracy of vernier caliper is
0.02 mm.
Vernier caliper has a main beam called rule. It is graduated in millimeters. It
has a fixed jaw at one end. There is a vernier head with a sliding jaw. It has a
vernier scale marked on it. The sliding jaw slides over the rule and can be
locked any position by using locking screws.
Reading
The length of one main scale division is 0.5 mm. The length of 25 divisions
in the vernier scale equal to 12 mm. So length of one vernier scale division =
12 I 25= 0.48 mm
Least count = Length of one main scale division –
Length of one vernier scale division
= 0.50 – 0.48 = 0.02 mm
In some vernier calipers, the length of one.main scale division will be 1 mm.
The length of 50 divisions in vernierscale is 49 mm. So length of one vernier
scale division = 49 I 50 = 0.98 mm
Least count = Length of one main scale division –Length of one vernier scale
division
= 1.00 - 0.98 = 0.02 mm
While reading the vernier, the main scale reading just before the zero
line of vernier is noted. Then the vernier scale division which exactly
coincides with any one of the main scale division is noted. This number is
multiplied by the least count and added with the main scale reading. This is
the correct reading of the work piece.
Figure 35:Vernier Scale Reading
31
FACING, STEP TURNING & CHAMFERING
32
FACING, STEPTURNING&CHAMFERING
EX.N0.1 DATE:
Aim:
To machine the given work piece as per the dimensions shown in the
sketch by facing, step turning and chamfering operations in the lathe.
Tools Required
1) Chuck Key 2) Box Spanner 3) Chamfering tool 4) Turning Tool

5) Vernier Caliper 6) Brush
Raw material:
Mild steel rodΦ32x77mm
Procedure:
1) The job is held in the lathe spindle by suitable work holding device.
2) The cutting tool is held in the tool post and it's cutting point is set
at latheaxis.
3) The carriage is moved on the bed and clamped at required place.

4) The end surface of the job is machined to the required dimensions by
moving the crosss lide perpendicular to the axis(Facing operation).
5) By repeatingthe same procedure, the next endof the job is
machined.
6) Suitable depth of cut isgiven by moving the cross slide.
7) The tool is fed parallel to the lathe axis by moving the carriage.
8) Two or more cuts are given to obtain the required diameter.
33
34
9) The endsofthejobarechamferedbyusingchamfering tool
at 2 X 45ᴼ.
Result:
The given job is machined as per the dimensions shown in the
sketch by facing, step turning and chamfering operation’s in the lathe.
35
STEP TURNING & GROOVE CUTTING
36
STEP TURNING & GROOVE CUTTING
EX.N0.2 DATE:
Aim:
To machine the given work piece as per the dimensions shown in
the sketch by step turning and grooving operations in the lathe.
Tools Required

5) Vernier Caliper 6) Grooving Tool 7) Brush
Raw material:
Mild steel rod Φ 32x77mm
Procedure:
2) The cutting tool is held in the tool post and it’s cutting point is set at
lathe axis.
3) The carriage is moved on the bed and it is clamped at the
required place.
4) The facing and plain turning operations are carried out to the required
dimensions and the tool is moved to the outer end of the job.
5) Suitable depth of cut is given by moving the cross slide.
6) The tool is fed parallel to lathe axis to the particular length of job.
7) Two or more cuts are given to machine the first step with required
diameter.
8) By repeating the same procedure, the second and third step sare
machined to the required dimensions and the turning tool is replaced
by grooving tool.
37
38
9) The carriage is moved to the required place and suitable depth
of cut is given by moving the cross slide.
10) The groove of required width and depth is cut with two or more passes.
11) The ends of the job are chamfered using chamfering tool 2 X 45ᴼ.
Result:

sketch by step turning and grooving operations in the lathe.
39
STEP TURNING & TAPER CUTTING
Taper Angle Calculation

𝐷−𝑑
𝜃 = tan−1
2∗𝐿
1) θ is taper angle
2) D is the bigger taper diameter in mm
3) d is the smaller taper diameter in mm
4) L is the taper length in mm
40
STEP TURNING &TAPER CUTTING
EX.N0.3 DATE:
Aim:
sketch by step turning and taper turning operations in the lathe.
Tools Required
5) Vernier Caliper 6) Brush
Raw material:
Procedure:
lathe axis.
3) The carriage is moved on the bed and it is clamped at the required
place.
4) The facing and plain turning operations are carried out to the
required dimension and then the tool is moved to the outer end of
the job.
7) The steps in the job are machined to suitable dimensions.
8) The compound rest is swiveled to the required taper angle (θ) and
tightened.
𝐷−𝑑
𝜃 = tan−1
2∗𝐿
41
42
9) The movement of carriage and cross slide is locked and the tool is
fed at the required angle by rotating the hand wheel in the compound
rest.
10) The ends of the job are chamfered by using chamfering tool 2 X 45ᴼ
Result:

sketch by step turning and taper turning operations in the lathe.
43
STEP TURNING & KNURLING
44
STEP TURNING &KNURLING
EX.N0.4 DATE:
Aim:
sketch by step turning and Knurling operations in the lathe.
Tools Required
1) Chuck Key 2) Box Spanner 3) Chamfering tool 4)Turning Tool
5) Vernier Caliper 6) Knurling tool 7) Brush
Raw material:
Procedure:
lathe axis.
place.
dimensions.
5) After the plain turning operation, the tool is moved to the outer end of
the job.
9) The turning tool is replaced by knurling tool.
45
46
10) The knurling tool is pressed against the rotating job.
11) The tool is fed parallel to the lathe axis for required length to form
knurling.
Result:

sketch by step turning and knurling operations in the lathe
47
STEP TURNING & THREAD CUTTING (L.H)
48
STEP TURNING & THREAD CUTTING (L.H)
EX.N0.5 DATE:
Aim:
sketch by step turning and thread cutting (L.H) operations in the lathe.
Tools Required

5) Vernier Caliper 6) Grooving Tool 7) Thread Cutting Tool 8) Brush
Raw material:
Procedure:
lathe axis.
place.
dimensions and suitable depth of cut is given by moving the cross
slide.
5) A groove of required dimension is cut by using grooving tool.
6) Suitable change gears are selected and meshed.(While cutting left
hand threads, the lead screw rotates in a direction opposite to the
49
50
spindle. Tool moves towards tail stock).
7) The turning tool is replaced by thread cutting tool.
8) The lead screw is engaged with the carriage by operating the half-nut
lever. Now the tool is automatically moved in longitudinal direction.
9) Suitable depth of cut is given by moving the cross slide. The complete
thread can be made in two or three passes.
Result:
sketch by step turning and thread cutting (L.H) operations in the lathe
51
STEP TURNING & THREAD CUTTING (R.H)
52
STEP TURNING & THREAD CUTTING (R.H)
EX.N0.6 DATE:
Aim:
sketch by step turning and thread cutting (R.H) operations in the lathe.
Tools Required

5) Vernier Caliper 6) Grooving Tool 7) Thread Cutting Tool 9) Brush
Raw material:
Procedure:
Lathe axis.
place.
4) The facing and plain turning operations are carried out to the
required. Dimensions and suitable depth of cut is given by moving
the cross slide.

5) A groove of required dimension is cut by using grooving tool.
6) Suitable change gears are selected and meshed. (While cutting right
hand threads, the lead screw rotates in a same direction to the
53
54
spindle. Tool moves towards head stock).
7) The turning tool is replaced by thread cutting tool.
8) The lead screw is engaged with the carriage by operating the half-nut
lever. Now the tool is automatically moved in longitudinal direction.
9) Suitable depth of cut is given by moving the cross slide. The
complete thread can be made in two or three passes.
Result:
sketch by step turning and thread cutting (R.H) operations in the lathe
55
BUSHING (TURNING & DRILLING)
56
BUSHING (TURNING& DRILLING)
EX.N0.7 DATE:
Aim:
To make a shaft and a bush as per the dimensions shown in the
sketch by turning and drilling operations in the lathe.
Tools Required
5) Vernier Caliper 6) Drilling Tool 7) Brush
Raw material:
Mild steel rod Φ 32x20mm and Φ 32x77mm
Procedure:
To make the SHAFT:
lathe axis.
place.
dimensions.
5) After the plain turning operation, the tool is moved to the outer end of
the job.
57
58
To make the BUSH:
9) The drill bit of suitable size is fitted in the tail stock of the lathe.
10) The drill bit is fed against the rotating job to produce hole.
11) The correctness of the job is checked by fitting the shaft into the
bush..
Result:
The shaft and bush are made as per the dimensions shown in the
sketch by turning and drilling operations in the lathe
59
ECCENTIC TURNING
60
ECCENTIC TURNING
EX.N0.8 DATE:
Aim:
the sketch by eccentric turning operations in the lathe.
Tools Required
5) Vernier Caliper 6) Four Jaw Chuck 7) Brush
Raw material:
Procedure:
1) One end of the job is held in the lathe spindle with the help of four
jaw chuck.
2) The jaws of the chuck are adjusted so as to provide 3mm
eccentricity.
3) The cutting tool is held in the tool post and it's cutting point is set at
lathe axis.
5) The step in one side of the job is machined to suitable dimensions.
6) Then the other end of the job is held in the four jaw chuck,
7) The step in opposite side of the job is machined to suitable
dimensions.
8) The ends of the job are chamfered by using chamfering tool.
61
62
9) The eccentricity and the dimensions are checked for correctness.
Result:

sketch by eccentric turning operations in the lathe
63
DRILLING AND TAPPING
64
DRILLING AND TAPPING
EX.N0.9 DATE:
Aim:
sketch by drilling and tapping operations in the drilling.
Tools Required
1) Bench Vice 2) Steel Rule 3) Surface Plate 4)Try Square
5) Center Punch 6) Twist Drill Bit 7) Drilling Machine
9) Ball Peen Hammer 10) Vernier Height Gauge
Raw material:
Mild steel flat sixe 50 mm X 50 mm X 20 mm
Procedure:
1) The given raw material is checked for its size 50 x 50 x 20 mm.
2) The work piece is fixed rigidly on the vice and all the edges are filed
using flat file so that they are at right angles to each other. The squares
are checked with try square.
3) The centers of holes to be drilled are marked by centre punch and
hammer.
4) The correct size drill bit is fitted in the spindle of the drilling machine.
5) The drilling machine is adjusted to operate at the correct cutting
speed.
6) The rotating drill is made to feed in to the work piece. The hole may
be drilled in one or more steps.
7) The numbers of holes of correct size are drilled as shown in the
figure.
65
66
8) The drill bit is replaced by a tap and tapping operation is performed
at a reduced speed, to make internal threads of required size.
9) Finally, the finished job is measured for the correctness and
accuracy of dimensions.
Result:
Thus the job is prepared as per the given dimensions from mild steel
flat piece by drilling and tapping operations in drilling machine.
67
DRILLING AND COUNTER BORING
68
DRILLING AND COUNTER BORING
EX.N0.10 DATE:
Aim:
sketch by drilling and counter boring operations in the drilling.
Tools Required
1) Bench Vice 2) Steel Rule 3) Counter Boring Tool 4) Try Square
5) Center Punch 6) Surface Plate 7) Drilling Machine 8)Twist Drill Bit
Raw material:
Procedure:
hammer.
speed.
69
70
figure.
8) The drill bit is replaced by counter boring tool and counter boring
operation is performed at a reduced speed, for the required depth of the
work piece.
Result:
flat piece by drilling and counter boring operations in drilling machine.
71
DRILLING AND COUNTER SINKING
72
DRILLING AND COUNTER SINKING
EX.N0.11 DATE:
Aim:
sketch by drilling and counter sinking operations in the drilling.
Tools Required
1) Bench Vice 2) Steel Rule 3) Counter Sinking Tool 4)Try Square
5) Center Punch 6) Surface Plate 7) Drilling Machine 8) Twist Drill Bit
Raw material:
Procedure:
hammer.
speed.
73
74
figure.
7) The drill bit is replaced by counter sinking tool and counter sinking
operation is performed at a reduced speed, for the required depth of the
work piece.
Result:
flat piece by drilling and counter sinking operations in drilling machine.
75
DRILLING AND REAMING
76
DRILLING AND REAMING
EX.N0.12 DATE:
Aim:
the sketch by drilling and Reaming operations in the drilling.
Tools Required
1) Bench Vice 2) Steel Rule 3) Surface Plate 4) Try Square
5) Center Punch 6) Reamer 7) Drilling Machine
8) Twist Drill Bit 9) Ball Peen Hammer 10) Vernier Height Gauge
Raw material:
Procedure:
hammer.
speed.
77
78
figure.
7) The drill bit is replaced by reamer and reaming operation is
performed at a reduced speed, for the required depth of the work piece.
Result:
flat piece by drilling and reaming operations in drilling machine.
79
Saravanampatty, Coimbatore – 641035
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Edited Description
PAGE PREVIOUS
CURRENT EDITION EDITED BY YEAR
NO. EDITION
Drawing Drawing dimensions

K PRATHEEP 2020
Dimensions updated in all exercise
80

Lathe&amp;Drilling

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lathe&amp;Drilling

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

SANKARA POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

Saravanampatty, Coimbatore – 641035

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

II YEAR / III SEMESTER

TEACHING AND SCHEME OF EXAMINATIONS:

 Identify the parts of a lathe.

1. Introduction of safety in operating machines.

1. Drilling & Tapping

Lathe : 45 marks (2hours)

Principal parts of Lathe

A lathe has the following principal parts

1) Bed 2) Head stock

a) Saddle b)cross slide c) Compound rest d) Tool post

Figure 2: Lathe bed

Figure 3: Lathe Head Stock

The following are the two types of head stock.

Compound rest or compound slide

Four way tool post

Figure 5: Lathe four way tool post

Generally, the tool in a tool post can be moved as follows.

1) Longitudinal feed: Parallel to lathe axis.

Functions of tail stock

Work Holding Devices

Three Jaw Self centering chuck

Figure 6: Three jaw chuck

Four Jaw independent chuck

Figure 8: Four jaw chuck

Figure 9: Plain Turning

Reducing the diameter of cylindrical components is plain turning. The

Figure 10: Facing

Figure 11: Chamfering

Figure 12: Grooving

Figure 13: Parting Off

Figure 14: Knurling

Figure 15: Forming

Figure 16: Eccentric Turning

Figure 17: Drilling

Compound rest method

Figure 18: Compound Rest method

Formula to find the taper angle is

1) Flat drill or spade drill

Figure 19: Types of drill bit

Types of drilling machine

Vertical drilling machine

Figure 20: Vertical Drilling Machine

Radial drilling machine

Figure 21: Radial Drilling Machine

Drilling machine operations

Figure 22: Drilling

Figure 23: Reaming

Figure 24: Boring

Figure 25: Counter Boring

Counter boring is the process of enlarging the end of a hole cylindrically.

Figure 26: Counter Sinking

Figure 27: Spot Facing

It is the process of producing a smooth and flat surface around a hole.

Figure 28: Tapping

Tapping is the process of cutting internal threads in a hole by using a

Important measuring instruments

Figure 29: Steel Rule

This is also called as scale. It is simplest and most common measuring

An inside caliper has two straight legs bent outwards. It is used to

Figure 30: Types of calipers

Lathe&Drilling

Lathe&Drilling