NDA SP¬CIAL BIOLOG UPSC SPeCIAL

wwww

SPEc1AL 100
n1 CELL
ay Mitoekondria
4 z caled a." bo
we howe of the ceu.
became of the
ATP Aderosine formatron
traphosbhateof ATP
LspaT Licipae in caUwar reA pirataon
A b e to roduce their
N A i8 found in
oun
roteb
b Cauwal
mitochondri a
LAblent ìn AnimaU
m a d e ub of celuo4e I n blat
chitin (In fung? )
Hermicellose (In AJaae:).
C NuelevS
L contro
o cel
room
DNA is
L nainy found in nualeu
conduct celu dirision
d lyadAe met.
known a cada a " oe coll due to
P e e nce
hyd olytic ên>yme
R1GOSom
4 22 ma de ub of RNA, takes bart in brote
2ndheuiA
) ENDoPLA SNIC RETLeULU
M
attache d wih R'BO's Ome 2 taku bart èn pso tein
8thaAik & detoxification of tocic
L
Pro-tein zubstance
sywtheis ta Fes Þlace on Roum Endoblasmic
Teticudum Qnd detoxipic a on o
&the function o f 2mo LociC gubatana
aLic ym othend opl os mC'
1"vacuela" stor food and woste madera
OfceU
found |n both lad 8 Animod eell
Centrosome ta Fes part în'cel dirisi on:

PLASTD
pr oride di£fee colour to pla
chloropl ast à2a the of lantid foun d in bla
deaf and also tates part in rotein
2 why 9t i2 known syudheuis that
o "kitchen of the cey
o n found èn flant celu.
D2%0r der 2in chroro0AameA caWseg aenetic or
Heve a t a r 4 di&aoes

LS2Ckle cU Anemma'
L Haemoph2 a
L colour blndnes
Dwn Syndr Ome
Tur ner's
Sndrome
LkanefeleY 9yndr Onme
A20toba cter, Azo2þirallurn and clastridzu
baetera: Jave frtely2 the
202qnd fbc
amo 2pheric nitr ofen int0 the
Combound
ni tr ogeneoug
G4 xrLEM 3 PHL0EN
are condyeting. t?2gue in blaut2
Function af Xylerm 28 conduc t2 on o
oteY and mine Yala. where as funet2or
f Phlo am to conduct fo oda þaeparOd

O5) TRe arean colour of plads ds due to

rence F chloro phyll. a 28 posant in
chlorophyl
6 Fire HaTmon as qre found in plants
1 Auci ns
2 Cibberalins
B CHto inins
4 Abcisic acra or ABA
5 Fthyane

Auci barmone e ontrol4 the arowt of slaut

Ethylene i8 ondy harmone whicb i2 found in
9oous form and helba in rihenin9 af
Pruita

] Aeid Rair
S b h u r dioxide (So2), sul thur 4rior de &oa),
Nitrogen ocide C No2) react with evir-
-

onmenda waey and form subhurac acid

and HS04) 2 Nilvic acid CHNo).These
a cads reache to Earth .with water 2
called acidrain
 n8 HoMAN BL00D
luzd conne ct ine Li2gue
LpH 1 4 CBaMic in nature)
prote in found in Blo od b laArna 22
Abunin'
ibrinogen
Pro-thombin
BLo 0D cORPUSCLES
w PLATELETS
Eythrocyta leucocytes Thronbocytes
Lfe sban - £20dae L L2fe san-24o Lafe sbon- 4day
Amt- 4to 6m/e Amt- 8000-Lo,000 L Amt-
25to4lach|
WRc/mc
LNudeus,mitoch-
-Ondria 2 E:P Petic Nuclews paaet->
d.
Nucleus Abae
Eeee Tarmel 2 LAmnA
Function» Function:- L Function:-
Trasbortaion strangthen
2mmune
Hel in clotting
of oYaeno Syiem of bood w h
protec+ e the hel of
a l calls of
bod prothro
and
body fom -mbin roteih
bvima back d2seaLe
CO2
, shabe - Amoeba

AU ae for me d 2n
bone marYO tw qnd
destroy in "spleen".

L Splean 22 colled graveard op RBc

R:BC: wB C 600:1
L1nce e in numbes of RBC cames Leu EamuQ
CBIOod Comcer)
D e e r e e in umber op Rec oaues Leucobariq
 BL00 CLOTTING
Thronboplastin
parathrembi'(Plateets pyottin Thrombin
+itamin K Prote2n
CPlasma brotein)

Fibrinoaen FThrOrmbin fibri'n

C Plosma protein) poterh

Fibrin+ Blood cor buscdes Blood clotting

Time- 3to 4 minea
T h e eompuusor þro tein makin9 For clot 22

BLOD GRoUP Fibrinogen'

Blo0DGRouP [ Antigan (Awiboey ONAR Acc¬PToR

A A A, AB AO

B
'
a
8AB Bo
AB A &B Abuent AB A B,AB20

O A baent a,b A B,AB O

0

BLO0D deouP e Rm TIO

FATHER MOTHER CHLLD
A B A.0rAB
OA

A A 0
A
 DIG¬STIYE SYSTEM
Juice EN2YN EDIBLE Su@STANCE AFtY
1 Saliva Ptyl'n Stare%
Peacti on
nautoiL
maltake madto &e Glu coAe
2 Gatric
Juicee Pe paLn Prote àn' Peptonne
Penn' cuein cAse ingeh
3
Panc>etic
Tuice
T
zn
Ccoplde
da
Amyle
tire Juia) Lapoe
4 Inct tina Eepsin
Juice
madtOue
Lactase
SucreKe
Lioe
StoSto o Tract
Large Inteatine Pe ctum Anu>
Fibrinogen protein hl inblo od ctotting
uwhere o
hepain þrohibita blood elotting
LIvER
L Largst ala»d of hu roan bo dy
yco nherA2On ofacoAe ndo glucogen 22
colled alyco genesiA ocourS in Liver
LiveY
L Gal bladdev atached to t and stoves b
pro dueed b i+
L i e Y has an imþorLand- Role i n fac dizoutnn
p a n c a l e 22 h e 2 acond Iare at aland
f u m an body. It acaetoi pancacatuC
Juice indo duo denu m
a u of pan caease zzcaetes alycagon haamore
rae the concendy a t r o n of gluc 0ae ana'

f o in blood

B-eell of ancaeose 2acaetes Tnuin

L (-)-> dia betos

fadin C+) Hybo8cemia
LInaulin mantains 8lucose Level in blood-

YEIN
L Blood usaA car rying the
the
blood fro»
body touwards heaTt
e i n carrias irm buze bood excopt Pumon-
- a
a ein whi ch always
caT pyae blo od
Pmonary einiFrOn Lun93 to Let Auricle

Avte
L Blood resd carr4n. the bloodfromn
heart towa da thebody
Arte» carrie uze blood Eaccebt
Puwmoar Avtery
nona
Pumona Arer4
PrEd carry blood Sro o 2
Le to ung
rent~cdes ung
The artery aarr2ng bJood to mucle&
of hear
he art 22 caled aoronay avte >ies.
 URINE,
LpH= 6 (Acidrc)
cadouv i&
ight guuow due to rochrorme
LStomeformed in tidrey 22 roade up o
calcium ox adates
unnazy Tract
k2dneA Ureters >
urinazr bladder > Uxelthra
Thyro*2 ne and Adenaline harm condro
heart be ad
NERYOUS SYSTEM
cerebrum
cendre of memory
will Power e t c . knowdedge Thinktngr
Thaamul
cen tze of pain, cold and hea
Hyothalamua
L contro4 harmon 22c>eroro
LContre of Love, Hade, A nger,
Thir3t
Corpo Ya guad>ige miq:
t centre op Condr o on vlaron and heario9

ceREBCLLUM:
Resbori ble for co-0Tdinaton' oE museulaY
body morenends
Medwa
centrods
L5 centroJsactivitYalee eoughing Sneezing9
ira4ion, Swalo uin8,ommitih et
 GLAID
Enaymes qre aeted by Eococr ine glands' w h e a e ad

Harmones are c>ete d by Endocrine lands

ptuitar
ptuita Gland, Thyroid Gland and parah rod
8lands de Examle of Endo cire glands.

Ptuita GLAND
known as master
Gland
Growth harmone 82caed by Ptuitary 3land
Stimuodes cel «produeton ánd g e n e rtton

Harmo ne &e c>eted by Thyroid gland iL ealled

ThYoXlre:

pa adhy rozd gland 2ecaetes two harmone

ohichcondro h e 2uantity of calium in
blood
evar
L Se cetth two har mOne

1 ESTRo4EN Pemae sex

harmgn stmulatu
and hmai ntain vteru
PRO4ESTERONE Jmajn Tob is gt ttrus
e d for paegmanc
7
TESTES
TeAterone harmone e eted by Totes
LTeer0ne Stimulate the ecwaY bekavi our
and ro wth of 32conday seocacha racter
 NUTR IT1ON
ww

Cabohydrate:
made up op cabom, Hydrogen & o*2en
c:H:o 1:1 1'

L am 4.2 kca

I borta poiud
Glucose I>tat Ere at
fuctOAe» s weeteat S48-a
Glactose» J «2ce of Fru2t&
malto e ^ Drt Fru? t
SucrOse Ta ble Sua9
PrOtea'n
ca7 b on Hydrogen, axy2am and
ae pent
Natrage h
am 4 1kca.
mportau protei
keratîn prote2n -

Found 2n
Naal, Hai vh 2 Hovn
myosin pr otein - HelP in m c d e s Condraction

Elastin protein- Provide 2ha be to tis2ue.

ThTombin protein - f o u nd in Blo od (hel ba in

blood elottin}3)
HaStone pro tein~ foumd an mombrane af cells

ohe oatGludin pro-tein

Ea8 Albumin protsin'
mlk- cnein pxotein
Blo od P laama - Fibrinoaen protein
Heem RBC oemo3 lo bin broteih
Pue Pro e minm
protetnS
Dficiengy P r o-tein cauhel3
(2 kwashio rkov (In Adul+3)
()merasmus CIn chi ldaen)
muscles 9e lo oLened

Fata
L m 3 Kcal
S i m l e Libzd made u of Pedy a cd and
8cero|.
 VITANIN

LInvened 'F-G Hobkim s term gien b FoNK

t
N o calovi obt u ned from 2

prOteet the bodyfrom diseaae

onthe basi ap salubrlt

Fat Soluble atey soluble
v A

YITANIN A' SHLVAM RAT CMT)

che mica Name: Retino
aryot, Fr ui ts 8-een vege teble , mrlk

Daficiancy dse ue- Niatbl2ndnua 2

ELetio Xroptha mia, dr2 Scal kiy

for head thy skin andnovma NsLon
Yitamin' D (calcifero
9 4 i2 Hamone
vitamn
Sun tat4 Seino vit D (snhes r'A)
nct iOn
t 2nc>eau ab4o7t2on d CA
1mbota fov boney
Dfc2anc Ca es
1 Ri ceeds Ln cild»en)
Bones wi be com
2 oSteomalas2q weak
Ytamin'
ehemu Ca Name Tocob her o.
Nacashary fo 8lo Sein 2 HaY'

t m d a t e Gamete fovmaeion +hot s

14-' þrodactre vtamn

Dfc22ncy
Les erti lit (ste>lit)
I Onalo Scin.
SHtVAm RAT
Vitamink'
CNTS
chemuco name PhHlloqu 2 none
b necessar4 for blo od
elotting
L Hl insynthsis of clotting protein
water Soluble ritami nå
vtmn 'c'
Clemu cou name Ascorbic acid
Antiox 2 danwt vita min'
Ly hecesay
hecesa forAisse >egenmeY aj1on/foYmon'on
LTemhevastuee &ensisitire vitamn fcollogen
L
eendio for
ormai on of bone and teetha.
Defi¢i2nc
Scurv CBeedi n92 SweU2 n9 2n
Guma)
Poi n Toind .
c r i c ac id iz the zubttafe
Le d i n f molc acid
 Sevevo v1tam ns)
comblec of
Yitamin' B

vitamin B
mm

Ly chemica hane-hy Caes

Heart Pau )une

caunes (Bevi-Rer
deficia net 2mucle pavaln

Ytamn B
Chermucal name eiboglavih

deficaanc ca
wes Ped nen/on ton e
CraCnest
anke's covher CracR
CCraclina of skin)

SHLVAm RAT (NTS)

vtamin Br (pando thenic actd)

ancy- white ning of hai r', metall

defC
eavd HU

Ytan Bg Nicoti'naude or Nactre)

deficiency PeLe gra ar 4-DStndome

Locs menm o DimeudLa)

Vtan B Payidoc i ne )
Deficaancu- Anne ma
vitain Ba CBoti)
heAeie nt-paradynt body bodn
Vitamn Bi2 cetmoeobalamn)

H in
in Blsod 2 DNA srmadhoh
CRBC))
i'n taeatmeu
Cobalt s CheJ
f o u n d in B 1 C
O Cam C e )

Daf cency Anae mu a'

1 S H You ALL THE GooD Lu ek

foR YouR FUTURE ENDEAvoRs
 Vitamnin | chemu cal name |
gaaies
colouv blindncis,
vitamin-A: Retinod- XarothaJmiq
vitamni n- B. ne

vitamin-C.A gcov bic acidSc ury,Swed ng cf

Sums
vitamin-DCaleaferod. RCkets(in clilden)
steomada'a (snadudt)
vitamin-E To cobhero. Leseftility:
lamin- K PhyloquinoneNon-clatting
blood
°f
 HUMAN DISEASE

A2uared.
congen2ta
at ttimeof birth)
Non ifectiou Infe ctious
Due tAo deçicitncy
f w adey and
Ndrients
cawed
macrobes
Bacte » ia
ir
Fung92
DIsEA SE CAUseD BY BACTERIA
1 LEPROsy. ( SiE) SHLVAm RAT (MTS)
cawed by mcoba
bactevum Leproo
ASsected oraan NeY vows sYtm
LSymtoms o d irj uaed, leo ding2 an
de co

2 Tuberelosi CT:B)
Lcauwed by muco ba ctrrium Tubercloáak
L ACPe cird oran»lung& LHmbh
Sm+om igh coughing
3 Pneu mon2 a
Lcauwed by stetococo& bacteri
L AScted ogon Lungs
Hgh cough, Cold 2 Pene
i Tatanu
caued by clostrzdium Tetanu
APfe c d sraan - Nev vo s sHbtomA
symtoma - o d museles eramped 2 Ta
locked.

(v) chiolara:
L
Cawed by vibrio cholevae
L fe cted Orga-Intcstrme
Lyfound in UnYipbe ned fr uts
4Symto ml - continu o u vomi tting 2 Lo4Se motio,
LSpead by condaminaded fo od 2
v whooping cough ater
caused by Hemo phi lisSHEVAm RAJ (MJS).
pertus is
LAGFe cted ogan espirado r sYte m
Smbtoms- Continuous cog

Caused by - pesti2 bacteria

Trammi & &ion - R o t , Pabbil, Good Pox, w ol.
L Symbto ms High ferer & SueU i'ng on
bod
-

ASFected oraan -

Lung
(vii) Diphtheri
L cawsed by bacterLa' d2phther iaa
AFfected ovgan - Pespivad opy Tu be:

mto ms- DiFSicult in rabivodion

(x) Ty bhoid.
Cauned b
Nob-884o4o9848
samonella tybhos a
LA cted oxan- Enteatine
LHgh Fere1 e eada che
 Sæua TranM rntLed Bacte riadDizaoe
1 Sabhilis-
caWe d Tapone n alidum
ASe cted ara-an urina pa
syrtoms--Suelin9 n U»ina
2 G onoYY he a
Cased by Nei3seria GonorY hoeae
A f e cted ovgon urinaY a h
The sexuo tram roitted diseases. transn-
tTed troug vnbrotected ser ua cortact

IS¬AsES CAUs¬D BY VIRUs¬S

SHLVAm RAT MATH TuGA4
ALDS Vra
Se
9 t 22 22c ual tra mitted "ditec0
LCauned b+ Haman Immuno v i r u HIv)
9+ affec ta the
immunity f the eYAon
L9+ can be lranAmitte d by Sexu a IndercouTAe
(+hro ugh unbr ote cted se cuod contact), bY
bJood
t-anLusron and r o m pmegnant motY
o ba through blacenta
LThe Human T-cel 2 3 eru sbecafcbOAt c e
of HLV hen H+IV enters ndo human body tHe
irs can bind bo T-cella and S t a r t aeb lca ion.
L Tast o A1D2 EISA
2 Rabio TostCEn2yne linke d immund
Sovbent astod)
L Cased b
LAffecte d rgan'-Ne ro s tem
9t z allo C alle d bdro pho Li
Ly Pound | n SadVe ofDO monko u
 Name oF
VIRAL DiSEAsEe AFected organ
Denge fever ohode bod
Thro at, back bo ne Podro virus
Podo

chacken pot NaYioJa virus h o e bod

Smod Pox aTedlla viru whle bod
whole bod mo beli viras
meoLes

Dis¬ASES CAUS¬D BY FUNG

1RINGwORm
L Itchi ng in oUnd shabe "
Round ed spot fo und on (kan
2 Baddness
Lo & fhauY'

3'As+hma
mucles contracta on 2n
Lungs'
problem | n
beati ng
4 Scabies
Sein tcing and uhite 2pot found on
2<in
IsEAsES CAUSED BY PROToZoA
DieoRs
Parasites Afse cted
POYYhoea 8in3iveli Rdums
ma Gria Pla modium RBc LIveR emale Anobhebiu.
2
3 kada-o0T ez'hmgnua Bloodlung Sand flies
2 LeeY

Slae ping TrH an%arng ran Tse-Tse fhA

srdenewt wound i n
Di Yhoea
d-oroerr teathe temintkes
Howe li
Etanoe
&to
bq
ha
 S Filariq CeLephanfi'asA)sHIvAm
ed b
SHIVA m RAJ(M
ca
wuche e La baomcY of+
yL ea>YiaY-culex mosgqLtoeA
LSeuin n Legt, t e t e and oter pa»ts
of bodid

ALL THE B¬ST

CUT OFF NHE RANK CHAHYE

SHIVAM RAT
TEAN MTS)
DE NGuE
trarAmitted to bumanthroug he bite of

femae Ae des mogquto s

bain, Joinr
Smto rms- Hig ferer, serere mu c le

Pain,
poi n retro obital Pai n Sein ranh, blee ding
Pro nose and' u ms
 Deases caued by Bacter1a
AFAect

ChoLer a- I ntest in
T h o r'd-
Tetans- NeYvOus sy t t

Lepros
Tube vc osia Lu94
P e y mn 0 naa ung
 DIs¬ASES CAUsED BY vIRUS (2
Dseases- >
AFfected orgOm virus Name
AIDS w B c (2feMie HIV.

Ste)
a Rabi' aA NaYvows systr m Rabies v2¥u.

mning1tis B
Skan Hepe
5 Poao Polao virw.
a ce bont Me

6 i n l e n 2 a . whole bady Mico virs

bodj var 2'o la virus

chcee n
po who e

8Smol Po hole body va iclla viru

meoles shole body'mo«bedi vi

9

)Tra choma Egu

1D +epoditils Liver"
0Jqundice.

Leukemia:(Bl0od canee)
Ti a a*at incoeaze in thenumber o f wBc
CHtem Suelina f spleen toke blace e a t
occu i t w g sëw dayt.
SU
 i 2ses ca uned by Protozoa
Dinease AAFected organ Parasites
13malaTiq RBC 2 Liner laam odda um
2 PyorY hoea Gums Enta moe ba gin8veli
3 lecping Br cum T amoioma
SacknA&
4 DiaYhoea Intesti ne. E t moe ba hiatolyti'ca
S kala-jq Bone marro w Leignania dernovani
6 Filaia wucheria baormcrott
 MEDCINAL DIR COVERIES
vitomin FG Hoblei
at4ramb Jandadi'onchr isti an Bernard.
a r i a pa os ite
and- Ronad Rog2
T-ead men
Sex Hamene
senach
rt t tube baby- Edwards ard sttpto
Antigen Kard Land &tei neY
RNA James atson and Avter
ONA James wats om 2 C'ck.
T uin Bant8
Chlorof arm Har2s 2
on
$H O
vaceine of chi ken Po
EdwardJenne?
TDBacteriq Robert koch

PeniciUin
Bamti8
Aleeander FJemmi 9
Poic vaccine So han E sal
k
aceriq-
Luwenhook
Boed transfes kard Lgndsteinp