DARYL LALANGAN GAVINO BSBA FM 1B

TEACHER: JOYMARIE TAYABAN MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

LESSON 1 – LEARNING ACTIVITIES.

A. Solve the given problems using the PEMDAS or BODMAS rule in solving with your
complete solutions (20 points).
 B. Make a compilation of atleast 2 short bond paper of the different mathematical
symbols and notations and their meanings.

Symbol Symbol Name Meaning or Definition Example

≠ not equal inequality 10 ≠ 6

sign

= equals sign equality 3=1+2

< strict less than 7 < 10

inequality

> strict greater than 6>2

inequality

≤ inequality less than or equal to x ≤ y, means, y = x or y > x, b

≥ inequality greater than or equal to a ≥ b, means, a = b or a > b,

true.

[] brackets calculate expression inside first [ 2×5] + 7 = 17

() parentheses calculate expression inside first 3 × (3 + 7) = 30

− minus sign subtraction 5−2=3

+ plus sign addition 4+5=9

∓ minus – plus both minus and plus operations 1 ∓ 4 = -3 and 5

± plus – minus both plus and minus operations 5 ± 3 = 8 and 2

× times sign multiplication 4 × 3 = 12

* asterisk multiplication 2*3=6

÷ division sign / division 15 ÷ 5 = 3

obelus

∙ multiplication multiplication 2∙3=6

dot

– horizontal division / fraction 8/2 = 4

line
Symbol Symbol Name Meaning or Definition Example

/ division slash division 6⁄2=3

mod modulo remainder calculation 7 mod 3 = 1

ab power exponent 24 = 16

. period decimal point, decimal separator 4.36 = 4 +36/100

√a square root √a · √a = a √9 = ±3

a^b caret exponent 2^3=8

4
√a fourth root 4
√a ·4√a · 4√a · 4√a = a 4
√16= ± 2
3
√a cube root 3
√a ·3√a · 3√a = a 3
√343 = 7

% percent 1% = 1/100 10% × 30 = 3

n
√a n-th root n
√a · n√a · · · n times = a for n=3, n√8 = 2
(radical)

ppm per-million 1 ppm = 1/1000000 10ppm × 30 = 0.0003

‰ per-mille 1‰ = 1/1000 = 0.1% 10‰ × 30 = 0.3

ppt per-trillion 1ppt = 10-12 10ppt × 30 = 3×10-10

ppb per-billion 1 ppb = 1/1000000000 10 ppb × 30 = 3×10-7

ε epsilon represents a very small number, ε→0

near-zero

limx→a limit limit value of a function limx→a(3x+1)= 3 × a + 1 = 3a

y ‘ derivative derivative – Lagrange’s notation (5x3)’ = 15x2

e e constant / e = 2.718281828… e = lim (1+1/x)x , x→∞

Euler’s
number

y(n) nth derivative n times derivation nth derivative of 3xn = 3 n (n-

y” second derivative of derivative (4x3)” = 24x

derivative

d2ydx2d2ydx2 second derivative of derivative d2dx2(6x3+x2+3x+1)=36x+1

Symbol Symbol Name Meaning or Definition Example

derivative

dy/dx derivative derivative – Leibniz’s notation ddx(5x)=5ddx(5x)=5

dnydxndnydxn nth derivative n times derivation n/a

¨y=d2ydt2y¨=d2ydt2 Second derivative of derivative n/a

derivative of
time

˙yy˙ Single derivative by time – Newton’s n/a

derivative of notation
time

D2x second derivative of derivative n/a

derivative

Dx derivative derivative – Euler’s notation n/a

∫ integral opposite to derivation n/a

 af(x,y)ax af(x,y)ax partial ∂(x2+y2)/∂x = 2x n/a

derivative

∭ triple integral integration of function of 3 n/a

variables

∬ double integration of function of 2 n/a

integral variables

∯ closed n/a n/a

surface
integral

∮ closed n/a n/a

contour / line
integral

[a,b] closed [a,b] = {x | a ≤ x ≤ b} n/a

interval

∰ closed n/a
volume
integral

(a,b) open interval (a,b) = {x | a < x < b} n/a

Symbol Symbol Name Meaning or Definition Example

z* complex z = a+bi → z*=a-bi z* = 3 + 2i

conjugate

i imaginary i ≡ √-1 z = 3 + 2i
unit

∇ nabla / del gradient / divergence operator ∇f (x,y,z)

z complex z = a+bi → z = a-bi z = 3 + 2i

conjugate

→xx→ vector →V=x^i+y^j+z^kV→=xi^+yj^+zk^ n/a

x * y convolution y(t) = x(t) * h(t) n/a

∞ lemniscate infinity symbol n/a

δ delta function n/a n/a

C. Make a compilation of atleast 2 short bond paper of the different mathematical
symbols and notations and their meanings.