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General Mathematics: Quarter 1 - Module 20: Domain and Range of Exponential Functions
General Mathematics: Quarter 1 - Module 20: Domain and Range of Exponential Functions
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General Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 20:
Domain and Range of
Exponential Functions
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
What I Need to Know
In this learning module, you will know more about the domain and range. These two
concepts are always included in the study of functions. Identifying the domain of the
function will help you to determine if the function will exist in a particular value. The
domain of a function is always associated with the possible inputs for a function to
exist, while the range is associated with outputs after substituting the possible
inputs to the unknown variable.
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is hoped to answer the
questions, “Why domain and range are important?” and “How can I determine the
domain and range of an exponential function?”. It is here to help you master finding
the domain and range of an exponential function.
What I Know
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. The set of all allowable values of the independent variable is called _________.
a. Range
b. Domain
c. Real Numbers
d. Exponential Function
1 𝑥
For item numbers 10-11, refer to the given the function: 𝑓(𝑥) = ( ) .
4
10. What is the domain of the exponential function?
a. {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ }
b. {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥 > 1/4}
c. {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥 > 0}
d. {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥 < 1/4}
For item numbers 12-13, refer to the given the function: 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 2.
12. What is the domain of the exponential function?
a. {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ }
b. {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥 > 2}
c. {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥 > 0}
d. {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥 < 3}
For item numbers 14-15, refer to the given the function: 𝑓(𝑥) = −3 ∙ 2𝑥 + 4.
14. What is the domain of the exponential function?
a. {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ }
b. {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥 > 4}
c. {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥 < 3}
d. {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥 < 2}
For you to begin this module, you need to assess your knowledge of the basic skills
in finding the domain and range of a function. From your previous lessons in Math,
you already encountered the domain and range of functions. Your acquired
knowledge and skill will help you understand easily how to find the domain and
range of an exponential function. Seek the assistance of your teacher if you
encounter any difficulty.
What’s In
Recall that the domain of a function is the set of all allowable values of 𝑥, commonly
known as the independent variable or possible inputs of the function.
The range of a function is the set of output values commonly known as the
dependent variable when all x-values in the domain are evaluated into the function.
This means that you need to find the domain first to describe the range.
The following will help you to recall how to find the domain and range of a function.
1. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 3
Solution:
Domain Range
Set Notation {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ } {𝑦|𝑦 ∈ ℝ }
Interval Notation (−∞, +∞) (−∞, +∞)
Solution:
This is a quadratic function, like the linear function any real number can be
substituted to x to get an output. You also learned that the graph of a quadratic
function is a parabola that opens upward or downward. Therefore, it has a
minimum or a maximum point called the vertex of the parabola.
The given 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 2 is a parabola opening upward with vertex at (0, 2), and so
the lowest possible value of the function is 2. That means that the range of the
function is all real numbers greater than or equal to 2.
Domain Range
Set Notation {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ } {𝑦|𝑦 𝜖 ℝ, 𝑦 ≥ 2}
Interval Notation (−∞, +∞) [2, +∞)
2
3. 𝑦 = 𝑥+3
Solution:
2
Because the function 𝑦 = will never be zero, you need to exclude 0 from the
𝑥+3
range. That means the range is all real numbers except 0.
Domain Range
Set Notation {𝑥|𝑥 𝜖 ℝ, 𝑥 ≠ −3 } {𝑦|𝑦 𝜖 ℝ, 𝑦 ≠ 0 }
Interval Notation (−∞, −3) ∪ (−3, +∞) (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, +∞)
4. 𝑦 = √𝑥 + 5
Likewise, the value of the function considers positive roots only therefor the range is
the set of real numbers greater than or equal to 0.
Domain Range
Set Notation {𝑥|𝑥 𝜖 ℝ, 𝑥 ≥ −5 } {𝑦|𝑦 ≥ 0 }
Interval Notation [−5, +∞) (0, +∞)
Remind the students that to find the domain of the functions they need
to avoid zero (0) value in the denominator of a fraction or negative values
inside the square root sign. Moreover, do mention to them that the
domain of the polynomial functions which includes linear, quadratic, or
any polynomial function of degree 𝑛 is always the set of real numbers.
Tell them also that the range of a function is the spread of possible y-
values (minimum y-value to maximum y-value) and it can be computed
by substituting different x-values into the expression for y to see what is
happening. (Ask yourself: Is y always positive? Always negative? Or
maybe not equal to certain values?). Finally, make sure you look
for minimum and maximum values of y because it is very important to
find the range of the function.
Complete the table of values of the exponential function. Then, draw its graph in
the given coordinate plane.
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥
3. What are the other possible values of x? Describe the range of the possible
values of x?
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What is It
In the activity that you have done, were you able to determine the possible values of
x? How about the range of the given function? You will find whether your answers
are correct as you go through the next session of this module.
The domain of a function is the set of input values that are used for the independent
variable. The range of a function is the set of output values for the dependent
variable. For any exponential function, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏 𝑥 the domain is the set of all real
numbers. The range, however, is bounded by the horizontal asymptote of the graph
of 𝑓(𝑥).
Example 1: Find the domain and range of the function 𝑦 = 3𝑥+2
The function is defined for all real numbers. So, the domain of the function is a set
of real numbers. As 𝑥 extends to approach positive infinity (+∞), the value of the
function also extends to +∞, and as 𝑥 extends to approach negative infinity (−∞), the
function approaches the x-axis but never touches it. Therefore, the range of the
function is a set of real positive numbers greater than 0 or {𝑦|𝑦 𝜖 ℝ, 𝑦 > 0 }.
Thus, the domain and range of the given function is given below and can be written
as:
Domain Range
Set Notation {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ } {𝑦|𝑦 𝜖 ℝ, 𝑦 > 0 }
Interval Notation (−∞, +∞) (0, +∞)
1 2𝑥
Example 2: Find the domain and range of the function 𝑦 = ( )
4
Solution:
Look at the graph on the next page in the coordinate plane.
Domain Range
{𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ }
Set Notation {𝑦|𝑦 𝜖 ℝ, 𝑦 > 0 }
Interval Notation (−∞, +∞) (0, +∞)
Solution:
The domain of the function is the set of real numbers since 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 is defined for
any real number x. It means that any value of 𝑥 from the set of real numbers can be
substituted to variable 𝑥. Note that any power of 3 is always positive. Hence, the
range is (0, +∞).
Domain Range
{𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ }
Set Notation {𝑦|𝑦 𝜖 ℝ, 𝑦 > 0 }
Interval Notation (−∞, +∞) (0, +∞)
Solution:
The domain of the function is the set of real numbers because 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1 and it is
linear. Also, in the given function you may observe that 𝑎 > 0 (𝑎 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = 4) and
ℎ = −2, hence the range of the function is equal to (ℎ, +∞).
Domain Range
{𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ }
Set Notation {𝑦|𝑦 𝜖 ℝ, 𝑦 > −2 }
Interval Notation (−∞, +∞) (−2, +∞)
Solution:
The domain of the function is the set of real numbers because 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 1 and it is
linear. Also, in the given function you may observe that 𝑎 < 0 (𝑎 = −1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = 2) and
ℎ = 3, hence the range of the function is equal to (−∞, ℎ).
Domain Range
{𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ }
Set Notation {𝑦|𝑦 𝜖 ℝ, 𝑦 < 3 }
Interval Notation (−∞, +∞) (−∞, 3)
Activity 1.1
Answer the guide questions to complete the table of domain and range of the
following exponential functions.
a. 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥
Is 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 defined at any values of 𝑥? __________________________.
What is the minimum value of 𝑓(𝑥)? ____________________________.
Can you determine the the maximum value of 𝑓(𝑥)? _____________.
Domain Range
Set Notation
Interval Notation
1 3𝑥
b. 𝑓(𝑥) = ( )
5
1 3𝑥
Is 𝑓(𝑥) = ( ) defined at any values of 𝑥? _______________________.
5
What is the minimum value of 𝑓(𝑥)? ____________________________.
Can you determine the maximum value of 𝑓(𝑥)? _________________.
Domain Range
Set Notation
Interval Notation
1
c. 𝑓(𝑥) = (2) 𝑥 + 3
3
Domain Range
Set Notation
Interval Notation
Domain Range
Set Notation
Interval Notation
e. ℎ(𝑥) = 2(3)3𝑥−1 + 2
Which is 𝑃(𝑥)? _______________Is 𝑃(𝑥) linear? _________________
Is 𝑎 > 0 or 𝑎 < 0? _______________
What is the value of ℎ? ___________________
Domain Range
Set Notation
Interval Notation
Activity 1.2
Find the domain and range of the following exponential functions and express your
answer in set notation for numbers 1 to 5 and interval notation for numbers 6 to 10:
1 𝑥+1
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = ( ) 6. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥−1 + 1
2
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥+2 7. 𝑓(𝑥) = −5𝑥 − 2
1 2𝑥+1
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = −(5) 𝑥 8. 𝑓(𝑥) = ( ) +3
4
4. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4−𝑥 9. 𝑓(𝑥) = 53𝑥 − 4
1 −𝑥+1 2 𝑥
5. 𝑓(𝑥) = ( ) 10. 𝑓(𝑥) = − ( ) − 3
3 3
A. Fill in the blanks with the correct word or phrase to complete the sentence.
B. In your own words, what technique or strategy can you think of to facilitate
your way of finding the domain and range of an exponential function?
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C. This lesson helps you understand the procedure in finding the domain and
range of an exponential function. You also discover your own technique or
strategy on how to easily find ways in determining the domain and range of
an exponential function. If you have given the chance to give an advice to
Jethro who is a Senior High School learner that is working as a part time at
the canteen near his house at the same time studying, what strategy or
technique can you suggest to finish his study. Explain
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Now, that you have a deeper understanding of the topic, I believe that you are ready
to solve the problems below.
Mission Possible
2. The function 𝑓(𝑥) = 65,000(1.5)𝑥 can be modeled the population of a city for x,
the number of years that have passed since 2010. What inequality represents
the reasonable range of the function based on the situation? Explain.
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Rubrics:
5- Shows in-depth comprehension of the pertinent concepts and /or processes, and
provides explanations wherever appropriate.
4- Shows in-depth comprehension of the pertinent concepts and/or processes.
3- Shows in-depth comprehension of major concepts although neglects or
misinterprets less significant ideas or details.
2- Shows gaps in theoretical comprehension.
1- Demonstrate minor comprehension not being able to develop an approach.
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. The resulting y-values after we have substituted in the possible x-values is called
_________.
a. Range c. Real Numbers
b. Domain d. Exponential Function
For item numbers 8-9, refer to the given function 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥+1
8. What is the domain of the exponential function?
a. {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ } c. {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥 ≤ 0}
b. {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥 ≥ 0} d. {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥 > 0}
1 𝑥
For item numbers 10-11, refer to the given fudnction 𝑓(𝑥) = ( ) .
3
10. What is the domain of the exponential function?
a. {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ } c. {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥 > 0}
1 1
b. {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥 > } d. {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥 < }
3 3
For item numbers 14-15, refer to the given function 𝑓(𝑥) = −4(3)𝑥 − 5.
Additional Activities
In this section, you are going to think deeper and test further your understanding of
the domain and range of the exponential function.
Alday, Eward M., Batisan, Ronaldo S., and Caraan, Aleli M.General Mathematics.
Makati City: Diwa Learning Systems Inc.,2016.70-76, 120-130, 176-201.
Orines, Fernando B., Esparrago, Mirla S., and Reyes, Junior. Nestor V. Advanced
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