Immaculada Concepcion College

Of Soldiers Hills Caloocan City, Inc.

Soldier's Hills III Subd., Brgy 180, Tala, North Caloocan City, 1427

DIARY IN ISLAMIC WORLD

600’s
Dear diary:
Islam arose on the Arabian Peninsula in the early 600’s. In 632
Muhammad died and Abu Bakr was elected the first caliph or
successor to Muhammad. Abu Bakr was successful in uniting the
Muslims. Through military conquests they conquered parts of the
Byzantine Empire, Persia, Middle East, North Africa, Spain, Sicily,
India, and southeast Asia.
700’s to 800’s
Following Muhammad's death, Islam spread through three
continents. Sections of Europe, Africa, and Asia were dominated by
Muslim empires. During the 700s and 800s, Islam achieved its peak.
A golden age happens when a civilization achieves the height of
stability and prosperity. Many of the peoples they controlled
absorbed and blended Muslim customs and practices. The Greco-
Roman culture was preserved. Mosques and elegant palaces were
constructed by Muslim architects. Calligraphy was a skill that
artists excelled at, and it was used to decorate artwork and
buildings. As Islam rose in popularity, Islamic scholars formulated a
set of laws to assist people in interpreting the Koran and applying it
to their daily lives. Sharia is the name of the legal system that was
created. It governed morality, family life, industry, and the
government.
 Immaculada Concepcion College
Of Soldiers Hills Caloocan City, Inc.
Soldier's Hills III Subd., Brgy 180, Tala, North Caloocan City, 1427

1299
Dear Diary:
Ottoman Empire was founded around 1299 by Osman also served as
the leader of the Turkish tribes in Anatolia. The Ottoman Turks set
up a formal government and expanded their territory under the
leadership of Osman I, Orhan, Murad I and Bayezid I.

14th and 15th centuries

Dear Diary:
Ottoman mosques and other architecture first emerged in the cities
of Bursa and Edirne on this century. They develop Seljuk Turk
architecture, with additional influences from Byzantine, Persian,
and Islamic Mamluk traditions. In 1453, Mehmed II the
Conqueror led the Ottoman Turks in seizing the ancient city
of constantinople, the Byzantine Empire’s capital. This put an
end to 1,000-year reign of the Byzantine Empire. The
Byzantine Empire was a vast and powerful civilization with
origins that can be traced to 330 A.D., when the Roman
emperor Constantine I dedicated a “New Rome” on the site of
the ancient Greek colony of Byzantium. Though the western
 Immaculada Concepcion College
Of Soldiers Hills Caloocan City, Inc.
Soldier's Hills III Subd., Brgy 180, Tala, North Caloocan City, 1427

half of the Roman Empire crumbled and fell in 476 A.D., the
eastern half survived for 1,000 more years, spawning a rich
tradition of art, literature and learning and serving as a
military buffer between Europe and Asia. The Byzantine
Empire finally fell in 1453, after an Ottoman army stormed
Constantinople during the reign of Constantine XI. Sultan
Mehmed renamed the city Istanbul and made it the new capital
of the Ottoman Empire. Istanbul became a dominant
international center of trade and culture. (Mehmed died in
1481. His oldest son, Bayezid II, became the new Sultan.)

The 15th, On this century, the ottoman empire arise and start to
invade By 1517, Bayezid’s son, Selim I, brought Syria Arabia,
Palestine and Egypt under Ottoman control.

The Ottoman Empire reached its peak between 1520 and 1566,
during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. This period was
marked by great power, stability and wealth. Suleiman created
a uniform system of law and welcomed different forms of arts
and literature. Many Muslims considered Suleiman a religious
leader as well as a political ruler. Throughout Sultan
Suleiman’s rule, the empire expanded and included areas of
Eastern Europe. 

Ottoman Art and Science

The Ottomans were known for their achievements in art,

science and medicine. Istanbul and other major cities
 Immaculada Concepcion College
Of Soldiers Hills Caloocan City, Inc.
Soldier's Hills III Subd., Brgy 180, Tala, North Caloocan City, 1427

throughout the empire were recognized as artistic hubs,

especially during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. Some
of the most popular forms of art included calligraphy,
painting, poetry, textiles and carpet weaving, ceramics and
music. Ottoman architecture also helped define the culture of
the time. Elaborate mosques and public buildings were
constructed during this period. Additionally, some of the
greatest advances in medicine were made by the Ottomans.
They invented several surgical instruments that are still used
today, such as forceps, catheters, scalpels, pincers and lancets.

Mid16 th to 17 th century

Dear diary:

Throughout the rest of the 1500s and into the 1600s and 1700s,
the Ottoman Empire began a considerable decline in power
after several military defeats. In the mid-1600s, the empire was
restored for a short time after military victories in Persia and
 Immaculada Concepcion College
Of Soldiers Hills Caloocan City, Inc.
Soldier's Hills III Subd., Brgy 180, Tala, North Caloocan City, 1427

Venice. In 1699, the empire again began to lose territory and

power subsequently. In the 1700s, the Ottoman Empire began
to rapidly deteriorate following the Russo-Turkish Wars. A
series of treaties created during that time caused the empire to
lose some of its economic independence. The Crimean War,
which lasted from 1853 to 1856, further exhausted the
struggling empire. In 1856, the independence of the Ottoman
Empire was recognized by the Congress of Paris but it was still
losing its strength as a European power.

1800s to 1900s

Diary>

In the late 1800s, there were several rebellions and the

Ottoman Empire continued to lose territory. Political and
social instability in the 1890s created international negativity
toward the empire. The Balkan Wars of 1912 and 1913 and
uprisings by Turkish nationalists further reduced the empire's
territory and increased instability. Following the end of World
War I the Ottoman Empire officially came to an end with the
Treaty of Sevres.
 Immaculada Concepcion College
Of Soldiers Hills Caloocan City, Inc.
Soldier's Hills III Subd., Brgy 180, Tala, North Caloocan City, 1427

1631-32
Dear diary

They started building an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the

southern bank of the Yamuna River in the Indian city of Agra
today. It was designed by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in 1632
to house the tomb of his favorite queen, Mumtaz Mahal, as well as
Shah Jahan's own tomb. The tomb is surrounded on three sides by a
crenellated wall and is located in formal gardens. It's part of a
larger complex that spans 17 hectares (42 acres) and includes a
mosque and a guest house. About 20,000 people and 1,000 elephants
will be working on the project right now.
The Taj Mahal was built in 1631 in memory of Shah Jahan's wife
Mumtaz Mahal, who died on June 17 of that year while giving birth
to their 14th child, Gauhara Begum. The mausoleum was built in
1632 and finished in 1648, with the surrounding buildings and
garden completed five years later.
The imperial court's record of Shah Jahan's sorrow following
Mumtaz Mahal's death exemplifies the love tale that inspired the
Taj Mahal. The love story that inspired the Taj Mahal is
exemplified by the imperial court's record of Shah Jahan's grief
following Mumtaz Mahal's death.
 Immaculada Concepcion College
Of Soldiers Hills Caloocan City, Inc.
Soldier's Hills III Subd., Brgy 180, Tala, North Caloocan City, 1427

Diary:
1290
Two great Islamic states arose during the early modern era.
The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal societies all relied on
bureaucracies that drew influence from Turkish and Mogol
steppe practices and Islamic heritage, adopted similar
policies, sought ways to maintain harmony in societies made
up of citizens of various religious and ethnic backgrounds,
and were associated with literary and artistic talents. The
first covered the bulk of the Middle East, while the Balkans
covered the rest of India. Both the Ottomans and the
Mughals, two major Islamic empires, introduced major new
influences to these areas. These two empires formed very
wide territories and new borders during the early modern
era, similar to Russia's rule. Both of these empires, including
Russia, had a diverse population made up of various
linguistic, ethnic, and religious groups. Despite their
similarities, the Ottoman and Mughal empires took different
paths for the majority of the early modern era. In doing so,
they avoided Western civilization and the rest of the world,
for the most part. However, contact with the West did
 Immaculada Concepcion College
Of Soldiers Hills Caloocan City, Inc.
Soldier's Hills III Subd., Brgy 180, Tala, North Caloocan City, 1427

increase with time as by the late 17th to early 18th century,

“a more substantial Western presence began to affect
internal developments”. The Ottoman Empire actually began
to take shape several centuries before the dawn of the early
modern period. However, its complete development didn’t
take place until 1453 when a Turkish conquest resulted in
control of Constantinople. The Ottomans, also known as the
Osmanli group of Turks, were not the original Turkish
people involved in Middle Eastern affairs.

Rabang Jomari M.

Compilations of
files in
SSE 111
Immaculada Concepcion College
Of Soldiers Hills Caloocan City, Inc.
Soldier's Hills III Subd., Brgy 180, Tala, North Caloocan City, 1427

Submitted to:
Mrs. Arlyn Estorninos

Submitted by:
Jomari M. Rabang