1.

The air leaks from the balloon

on its own. after sometime The
air never goes inside the
balloon on its own this example
is based on the entropy
statement of second law of
thermodynamics . It is an
example of spontaneous process.

2. Two gases will mix automatically

on its own. If we remove this white
separator as shown in the image both
gases will get mixed with each other.
In this process also occurs on its own .
Does this is an example of second law
of thermodynamics which shows that
the entropy of universe increases due
to this spontaneous process.

3. Hot coffee cools down. This

example is also based on the principle
of increase in entropy. In a shivering
winter, if your mom prepares a hot
coffee for you and you do not read it
within few minutes, then what
happened to this coffee. This coffee
will cool down after some time.
Obviously it will cool down. And this
process occurs on its own
spontaneously. As this process occurs
spontaneously, the entropy of the
universe will increase
4. Object falls on the ground on its
own. A stone or any object always
falls down the ground on its own.
These objects never goes up
automatically. This process of falling
indicates that it is as spontaneous
process and for such spontaneous
processes. The entropy of the universe
increase.

5. Ice melts automatically. If you

keep ice on table it is sure that it
starts to melt. Now this
thermodynamic process occurs
spontaneously on its own because
of this spontaneous process the
entropy of the universe increase

SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS/GIBBS

FREE ENERGY AND CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM

Second Law of Thermodynamics

The second law is a general concept, which restricts the thermal transfer
direction and the achievable efficiency of heat engines. This exceeds the
restrictions established by the first thermodynamics law. In terms of the
waterfall analogy, its ramifications may be illustrated. Spontaneous
processes are taken in the second law of the thermodynamics.
 Many processes happen spontaneously in just one direction—that is,
under a given set of conditions, they are irreversible. Although in daily
life irreversibility — shattered glass for example does not resume the
original condition But total irreversibility is a statistical assertion that is
not experienced in the universe's existence. More specifically, the route
depends on an irreversible mechanism. The reverse path varies
significantly if the process can move in just one way and can't be
reversed.

Gibbs Free Energy

Gibbs free energy, sometimes called the Gibbs function, or energy from
Gibbs, or free enthalpy, is a number that is used to assess how much
work a thermodynamic system does if temperature and pressure are
maintained constantly. The 'G' sign denotes the free energy of Gibbs. It
is generally in Joules or Kilojoules its value. The greatest amount of
work that may be extracted by a closed system may be characterized as
Gibb's free energy.

Free energy, energy-like properties and state functions of the

thermodynamic balance system in thermodynamics. Free energy has
energy dimensions, and its worth depends on the state of the system and
not on its past. Free energy is used to assess how systems evolve and
how much they operate.

Chemical Equilibrium

Chemical equilibrium is a state in which no net change in the quantities

of reactants and products occurs during a reversible chemical process. A
reversible chemical reaction occurs when the products react with the
original reactants as soon as they are generated. There is no net change
in the quantity of chemicals involved when the two opposing reactions
occur at identical rates, or velocities.
The point at which the concentrations of reactants and products do not
fluctuate over time is known as chemical equilibrium. Although it
appears that the reaction has halted, the rates of forward and reverse
reactions are equal, implying that reactants and products are being
produced at the same rate.