EXERCISE 1

FAMILIARIZATION OF SOME APPARATUS/EQUIPMENT

Objective:
To be able to familiarize some of the apparatus/equipment use in Physics

Apparatus:

Vernier Caliper, Micrometer Caliper, Free-fall Apparatus, Linear Track with

blower, Ballistic Pendulum, Projectile Apparatus, Atwood Machine, Platform Balance,
Triple Beam Balance, Centripetal Force Apparatus,

Procedure:
1. From the listed apparatus/equipment above find a picture and give a concise
description (uses) of it. As much as possible 1 short bond per apparatus with
description.

Start Here:

A Vernier caliper is a measuring device used to precisely measure linear

dimensions. It is a very useful tool to use when measuring the diameter of around
objects like cylinders because the measuring jaws can be secured on either side of the
circumference. The Vernier Caliper is a precision instrument that can be used to
measure internal and external distances extremely accurately. Vernier caliper can be
used for three types of measurements, the Lower Jaw which measures outside
dimensions (such as the diameter & length of an object), second is the Upper Jaw
which measure inside distance such as the width of a groove or the diameter of a hollow
object, third one is Depth Rod which measures the depth of a hole or the height of a
step.

A micrometer, sometimes known as a micrometer screw gauge, is a device

incorporating a calibrated screw widely used for accurate measurement of
components in mechanical engineering and machining as well as most mechanical
trades, along with other metrological instruments such as dial, vernier, and digital
calipers. Micrometers are usually, but not always, in the form of calipers (opposing
ends joined by a frame). The spindle is a very accurately machined screw and the
object to be measured is placed between the spindle and the anvil. The spindle is
moved by turning the ratchet knob or thimble until the object to be measured is lightly
touched by both the spindle and the anvil. You can read the main scale in the sleeves
and Lock nut secures the spindle movement.
 The Free Fall Apparatus can be used to study the speed of an object
in free fall. Observing this allows you to investigate gravity.  A steel ball is held in place
with and electromagnet. The timer is equipped with a button to release the power
holding the ball, allowing the free fall motion. Acceleration of the free fall motion of the
steel ball is captured by 3 moveable photo gates & recorded by the timer.
 This Linear Air Track experiment apparatus is designed based on the Air
Cushion principles. When an air track is connected with an air blower, compressed air is
sprayed from the holes on the surface and form a thin air layer. This air layer will fill the
space between the air track and the inner surface of a glider. As a result, the movement
of the glider can be regarded as friction-free movement. With the help of an air
blower and a digital timer, the air track can be used to experimentally study important
physics concepts such as velocity, acceleration, momentum, collision, and kinetic. It is
an ideal experiment instrument for physics teaching.
 Ballistic Pendulum is a device consisting of a large mass hung from a
horizontal bar by two rods, used to measure the velocity of an object, as a bullet, by
retaining the object upon impact, its velocity being a function of the displacement of the
mass.
 This Projectile Apparatus is for demonstrating the independence of horizontal
and vertical velocities of bodies falling freely under the effect of gravity. The apparatus
consists of a wooden block on top of which is pivoted a spring loaded L-section metal
launching bar having a trigger catch. A small recess near either end of the metal bar
serves to locate 19mm steel balls. Releasing the catch makes one ball drop simply
vertically, while the other one is projected horizontally. Both the balls simultaneously
hitting the floor substantiate the fact that the vertical velocities of both the balls are
same at any instant. Supplied complete with a pair of steel balls, which may be stored in
a covered recess in the wooden body.
 The Atwood Machine is a device that demonstrates the basic principles of
acceleration and dynamics. You’ll mostly see Atwood machines in Physics laboratories
and classrooms. It consists of two objects with different masses that hang vertically from
a frictionless pulley that has a very small, negligible mass. This machine helps to
demonstrate the mechanical laws of motion with constant acceleration and illustrates
key principles of classical mechanics.
 A Platform Balance is a device that measures the weight of an object using a
platform or solid base in conjunction with a series of levers and balances that together
calculate the overall mass. These tools are most commonly used to weigh objects that
are very heavy, bulky, or awkward. People often step onto these sorts of devices in
medical clinics and fitness centers in order to assess their own weight, for instance, and
they’re often used to measure machinery and things like cars and trucks, too. Smaller
models are common in science labs. 
 The Triple Beam Balance is one such weighing device, which allows the user to
accurately gauge the mass of an object in grams. It can provide higher accuracy than a
spring-based measuring scale, and has an error margin of only 0.05 gm. Therefore, it is
primarily used as a laboratory apparatus. It is a measuring instrument comprising a
beam supported on a fulcrum. On one side of this beam, is a pan on which the object to
be measured is placed, while on the other side, the beam is split into three parallel
beams, each carrying a known weight and together culminating into a pointer pointing to
a fixed scale. The weights are slid on their respective beams until zero reading is
obtained and a state of balance is achieved.
 Centripetal Force Apparatus can be used in a variety of experiments:
Investigate circular motion by measuring centripetal acceleration in relation to the radius
of rotation and angular velocity. Explore rotational dynamics through an investigation of
the force required to keep a mass in circular motion.
Conclusion:
To take everything into account, this exercise focuses on the tools and
apparatus that are present and be utilized in a physics laboratory. We need to
familiarize these in order for us to learn and understand its function. Also this help
teachers to teach their students effortlessly and continuously since the students already
have a background about it. More likely, this lab exercise is like a preparatory exercise
to students when physical laboratory practices is established again.