1987: CONSTITUTION AFTER MARTIAL LAW
appoint his Cabinet.
3 Major Options of President Aquino regarding the
10987 Constitution
1. Revert to 1935 constitution
2. Retain the 1973 constitution
3. Start a new and break from the vestiges of a
disgraced dictatorship
Why does President Aquino build a new constitution?
 According to the president herself, it should be
truly reflective on the aspirations and ideals of
the Filipino people. It means, the power is
vested upon the people.
March 1986
 President Aquino proclaimed a transitional
constitution to last for a year. It is called the
freedom constitution.
Freedom Constitution
 Freedom is guaranteed to the people in which
they can enjoy it under the protection of the
constitution that includes, personal, civil and
political rights.
February 2, 1987
 The new constitution was officially adopted.
Preamble
We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the
aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane
society and establish a Government that shall embody
our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good,
conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to
ourselves and our posterity the blessings of
independence and democracy under the rule of law and
a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and
peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.
3 Branches of Government
1. The Executive branch carries out laws. It is
composed of the President and the Vice
President who are elected by direct popular
vote and serve a term of six years. The
Constitution grants the President authority to
2. The Legislative branch is authorized to make
laws, alter, and repeal them through the power
vested in the Philippine Congress. This
institution is divided into the Senate and the
House of Representatives.
3. The Judicial branch evaluates laws. It holds the
power to settle controversies involving rights
that are legally demandable and enforceable.
This branch determines whether or not there
has been a grave abuse of discretion amounting
to lack or excess of jurisdiction on the part and
instrumentality of the government. It is made
up of a Supreme Court and lower courts.
3 Independent Constitutional Commissions
1. Civil Service Commission
- Agency in charge to oversee the
integrity of government personnel’s’
actions and processes. Founded in 1900
through the Act N0. 5.
2. Commission on Election
- Mandated to enforce and administer all
election laws and regulations.
3. Commission on Audit
- Examines all funds and transactions and
settle all accounts, expenditure and
properties of the govern entr.
Ombudsman
 Promote the ethical and lawful conduct of the
government.
Samuel Reyes Martires
 Sixth Ombudsman of the Philippine Republic
Methods in Changing the Constitution
 Con-Ass (Constitutional Assembly)
- If the congress will vote as a single,
body or separately.
 Con-Con (Constitutional Convention)
- Congress will vote two-thirds of all its
members.
 PI (People’s Initiative)
- All legislative districts must be
represented by at least 12% of the
registered votes.