S A Bài Unit 1

LE THI HONG GAM HIGH SCHOOL English 12 – Semester 1
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Unit 1:
HOME LIFE
A. READING:
I. Warm up: Put a tick ( ) into the right cell
Household chores Mu Dad You Brother Sister

m
1. Washing the dishes
2. Making the bed
3. Cleaning the rooms
4. Buying food for the family
5. Cooking the meals
6. Preparing breakfast
7. Watering the flowers and plants
8. Picking dirty clothes and putting them into the
laundry
9. Folding the laundry
10. Ironing the clothes
11. Sweeping and mopping the floors
12. Wiping the windows
13. Feeding and washing the pets
14. Collecting and disposing garbage
15. Vacuuming
16. Laying the table for meals
17. Clearing the table after meals
18. Mending things around the house
QUESTIONS:
1. How many people are there in the family?
2. What is the mother’s job?
3. Where does she work?
4. How busy is the mother?
5. What is the father’s job?
6. Where does he work?
7. How caring is the mother?
8. How do the father and the daughter share the household chores?
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9. What is the daughter attempting to do after secondary school?

10. What is the daughter’s main responsibility in the family?
II. VOCABULARY:
- support [sə'pɔ:t] (n): help: sự giúp đỡ
supportive [sə'pɔ:tiv] (a): helpful: hữu ích
Ex: technical support
emotional support
She was very supportive during my father’s illness.
- pressure ['pre∫ə(r)] (n): stress: sự áp lực, căng thẳng
Ex: blood pressure
study pressure
With increasing workloads, everyone is under pressure.
- willing ['wiliη] (a): agreeing to do sth: sẵn lòng
unwilling (a): not wanting to do sth.: không sẵn lòng
be willing to do sth: sẵn lòng làm việc gì
Ex: He’s always willing to help other people.
- mischievous ['mist∫ivəs] (a): naughty: nghịch ngợm
Ex: a mischievous look/ smile
- obedient [ə'bi:djənt] (a): doing what you are told to do: biết vâng lời, ngoan ngoãn
# disobedient [,disə'bi:djənt] (a): không biết vâng lời
obedience [ə'bi:djəns] (n): sự vâng lời
obey [ə'bei] (v): tuân theo, chấp hành
Ex: obey the traffic laws / school rules
He was always obedient to his father’s wishes.
- attempt [ə'tempt] (n): effort: sự cố gắng, nỗ lực
attempt (v): try to do sth.: nỗ lực, cố gắng
Ex: Two factories (nhà máy) were closed in an attempt to cut costs. : cắt giảm chi phí
They made no attempt to win the match.
I passed my driving test at the first attempt.
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- caring ['kæriη] (a): kind and helpful: biết quan tâm đến người khác
Ex: Children need a caring environment.
- close-knit ['klousnit] (a): (of a group of people) close to each other: khắng khít, gắn bó
Ex: the close-knit community of a small village
- frank [fræηk] (a): honest: chân thật
frankly ['fræηkli] (adv): honestly: một cách chân thật
frankness ['fræηknis] (n): honesty: sự chân thật
Ex: To be frank with you, I think your son has little chance of passing the exam.
- base [beis] (n): foundation: nền tảng
basic ['beisik] (adj): cơ bản
- confidence ['konfidəns] (n): the feeling that you are sure about your own abilities,
opinion etc.: sự tự tin
confident ['konfidənt] (adj): tin chắc, tự tin , tin cậy
PHRASES
come from: be born or live in a particular place: đến từ, xuất thân từ
Ex: She comes from Vietnam. = She is Vietnamese.
She comes from a poor family.
join hands to do sth: work together: chung tay làm việc gì
take responsibility for = be responsible for: chịu trách nhiệm về
Ex: These factories must take responsibility for polluting the environment.
give a hand with sth: help with sth: giúp một tay làm việc gì
Ex: My dad always gives a hand with cleaning the house.
work for: làm việc cho Ex: Jane works for a foreign company.
work as: làm việc gì Ex: My father is working as a teacher.
as much/ many/ soon … as possible: càng … càng tốt
Ex: You should learn as many new words as possible.
You can drink as much water as possible.
Come to see me as soon as possible.
household chores: Ordinary jobs that must be done regularly: việc vặt trong nhà
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share sth with sb (share the room / the personal secret with sb): chia sẻ
come up: occur unexpectedly, appear: xảy ra, nảy sinh, xuất hiện I come up with an
idea
EXERCISE 1: Choose the word which has the meaning provided. Circle either a or b
1. A period (khoảng thời gian) of work time in a factory, hospital, or other place
where some people work during the day and some work at night.
a. shift (ca làm việc) b. chore (việc nhà)
2. Repair something that is broken or damaged so that it can be used again.
a. end b. mend (sửa chữa) = repair
3. A worried feeling that you get when you have to deal with a difficult or
complicated (complex) (phức tạp) situation. (tình huống)
a. pressure (áp lực) b. responsibility / take responsibility
for=be responsible for
4. Duty (nhiệm vụ) that you have to do because it’s part of your job or position.
a. responsibility b. confidence
5. Ordinary (thường ngày, thông thường) jobs that must be done regularly. (thường
xuyên)
a. work b. chores (việc nhà)
6. Helpful and sympathetic.
a. stressed b. supportive
7. Feeling safe and confident.
a. secure (an toàn) b. responsible
8. Consisting of (bao gồm) people who do a lot of activities together and look after one another.
a. solution b. close-knit khăn khít
9. Enjoying playing tricks and annoying (làm phiền) people.
a. mischievous b. responsible
10. Doing what a person, law, or rule says you must do.
a. disobedient b. obedient
EXERCISE 2: Match a word in column A with its opposite in column B
1. obedient h a. free
2. special f b. lose
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3. frankly e c. oppose phản đối

4. busy a d. minor
5. join j e. dishonestly
6. win b f. ordinary thường, thông thường
7. main d g. slowly
8. support c h. disobedient
9. quickly g i. insecure
10. secure i j. disconnect
EXERCISE 3: Choose the best option

1. He has been very interested in doing research on (làm nghiên cứu về) ____ since
he was at high school.
a. biology b. biological c. biologist d. biologically
2. Are you sure that boys are more _______ than girls?
a. act b. active c. action d. activity
3. You are old enough to take _______ for what you have done.
a. responsible b. responsibility c. responsibly d. irresponsible
4. These quick and easy ____ can be effective in the short term, but they have a cost.
a. solve b. solvable c. solutions d. solvability
5. He was looking at his parents _______, waiting for recommendations.
a. obey b. obedience c. obedient d. obediently
6. The interviews with parents showed that the vast majority were _____ of teachers.
a. supported b. supportive c. supporter d. supporting
7. It is _________ of you to leave the medicine where the children could get it.
a. care b. caring (quan tâm chăm sóc) c. careless ( bất cẩn)
d. careful (cẩn thận)
8. For ______ reasons, passengers are requested not to leave any luggage unattended.
a. secure (adj) safety  safe (adj) b. securely c. security
d. securing
9. The leader of the explorers had the great _______ in his native guide.
a. confident b. confidence c. confidential d. confidentially
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10. We are impressed by his _________ to help us with the hard mission.
a. will b. willing (adj) c. willingness d. willingly
EXERCISE 4: Use a verb that can be collocated with the four words or phrases.
The first letter is given
1. make…………. house, home, friends, sure
2. come…………. home, here, back, up
3. take…………. responsibility, after, a taxi, place
4. win…………. a prize, a match, money, a medal
5. spend…………. money, time, a day, 2 dollars
6. solve solution…… problems, puzzles, a situation, the difficulty
7. give…………. a hand, a present, a gift, way
8. c…………. one’s teeth, the house, the floor, the wall
9. leave…………. home, school, for work, early
10. feel…………. sad, happy, like, up
B. PHONETICS:
I. PRONUNCIATION:
A. Spelling of Verbs and Nouns ending in –s and –es

1. For most third-person singular verbs and plural nouns,
add –s to the base form.
Verb Noun
swim  swims lake  lakes
2. If the base form ends with the letters s, z, sh, ch, or x, add –es.
Verb Noun
Kiss  kisses Kiss  kisses
Fizz  fizzes Fizz  fizzes
Wish  wishes Wish  wishes
Watch  watches Watch  watches
3. If the base form ends with a consonant + y, change y to i and add –es. (Compare
vowel + y: obey obeys; toy  toys)
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Verb Noun
try  tries baby  babies
4. If the base form ends with a consonant + o, add –s or –es. Some words take –s or
-es, or both –s and –es. (Compare vowel +o: radio  radios ; zoo  zoos)
-s -es –s and –es
auto  autos do  does / go  goes tornado tornados/tornadoes
solo  solos echo  echoes volcano volcanos/volcanoes
photo  photos potato  potatoes zero zeros/zeroes
piano  pianos tomato  tomatoes
B. Pronunciation of Verbs and Nouns Ending in –s and –es

1. If the base form of the verb or noun ends with the sounds /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /tʃ/, /dʒ/,
or /ks/ then pronounce –es as an extra syllable /iz/
Verb Noun
slice  slices watch  watches price  prices inch  inches
lose  loses judge  judges size  sizes language  languages
wash  washes relax  relaxes dish  dishes tax  taxes
garage  garages
2. If the base form ends with the voiceless sounds /p/, /t/, /k/, /f/, or /θ/, then
pronounce –s or –es as /s/
Verb Noun
sleep  sleeps grape  grapes cuff  cuffs
work  works cat  cats fifth  fifths
hit  hits book  books
laugh  laughs
3. If the base form ends with any other consonant or with a vowel sound, then
pronounce –s and –es as /z/
Verb Noun
learn  learns name  names
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go  goes boy  boys
EXERCISE 1: Circle the word which has the underlined part pronounced as
1. /s/ chores brothers shifts

2. /z/ halves dates kits
3. /s/ speaks bags days
4. /s/ activities parents feelings
5. /z/ hoursprojects takes
6. /iz/ clothes nurses studies
7. /z/ daughters cooks markets
8. /z/ pets loves laughs
9. /s/ hands clothes biologists
10. /z/ comes maps expects
EXERCISE 2: Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently

from that of the others
1. A. proofs B. books C. points D. days
2. A. helps B. laughs C. cooks D. finds
3. A. neighbors B. friends C. relatives D. photographs
4. A. snacks B. follows C. titles D. writers
5. A. cities B. satellites C. series D. workers
6. A. develops B. languages C. horses D. boxes
7. A. proofs B. regions C. lifts D. rocks
8. A. involves B. believes C. suggests D. steals
9. A. miles B. words C. accidents D. names
10. A. sports B. plays C. households D. minds
II. STRESS:
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EXERCISE 1: Circle the correct stress pattern of each word. The first one has
been done as an example
1. family    
2. believe   
3. responsibility   
4. suitable   
5. attempt   
6. obedient   
7. mischievous   
8. confidence   
9. biologist   
10. close -knit   
C. GRAMMAR: VERB TENSES

EXERCISE 1: Put each verb in brackets into the correct tense
1. John (write)…wrote……………his report last night.
2. Mr. Brown( work) has worked/has been working…………….. in the same place
for 35 years, and he is not planning to retire yet.
3. We (not see)……haven’t seen…………. this movie yet.
4. At three O’clock this morning Eleanor ( study) ……was studying………….. .
5. Mark (drive)……was driving………….on Main Street when his car (break down)…
broke down……………
6. The last time Nancy (come)…came……………..here was in 2005.
7. Until yesterday I …had never heard.………………(never, hear) about it.
8. Sam ….…had already left……………(already, leave) when we ….…
got………………(get) there.
9. Columbus……discovered…………..(discover) America more than 500 years ago.
10. It……is raining….............(rain) very hard now.
EXERCISE 2: Choose the best answer

1. When I last saw him, he _____ in London.
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A. has lived B. is living C. was living D.has been

living
2. We _______ Dorothy since last Saturday.
A. don’t see B. haven’t seen C. didn’t see D. hadn’t seen
3. The train ______ half an hour ago.
A. has been leaving B. left C. has left D. had left
4. Jack ______ the door.
A. has just painted B. paint C. will have painted D. painting
5. My sister ________ for you since yesterday.
A. is looking B. was looking C. has been looking D. looked
6. I ______ Texas State University now.
A. am attending B. attend C. was attending D. attended
7. He has been selling motorbikes ________.

A. ten years ago B. since ten years C. for ten years ago D. for ten years
8. Christopher Columbus _______ American more than 500 years ago.
A. discovered B. has discovered C. had discovered D. had been discovering
9. He fell down when he ______ towards the church.
A. run B. runs C. was running D. had run
10. We _______ there when our father died.
A. still lived B. lived still C. was still lived D. were still living
11. They ______ table tennis when their father comes back home.
A. will play B. will be playing C. play D. would play
12. By Christmas, I _______ for Mr. Smith for six years.
A. shall have been working B. shall work C. have been working D. shall be
working
13. I _______ in the room right now.
A. am being B. was being C. have been being D. am
14. I ______ to New York three times this year.
A. have been B. was C. were D. had been
15. I’ll come and see you before I _______ for the States.
A. leave B. will leave C. have left D. shall leave
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16. The little girl asked what _______ to her friend.

A. has happened B. happened C. had happened D. would have been happened
17. John ______ a book when I saw him.
A. is reading B. read C. was reading D. reading
18. He said he _______ return later.
A. will B. would C. can D. would be
19. Jack ________ the door.
A. has just opened B. open C. will have opened D. opening
20. I have been waiting for you ______ .
A. since early morning B. since 9a.m C. for two hours D. All are correct
PRACTICE TEST: Unit 1 - HOMELIFE

I. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.
1. a. share b. rare c. are d. declare
2. a. cooks b. loves c. joins d. spends
3. a. advises b. raises c. devises d. goes
4. a. teacher b. children c. chore d. school
5. a. hurry b. under c. pressure d. rush
II. Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence.
6. He has been very interested in doing research on _______ since he was at high school.
a. biology b. biological c. biologist d. biologically
7. Are you sure that boys are more _______ than girls?
a. act b. active c. action d. activity
8. It is generally believed that "Men make _______ house and women make _______ home".
a. Ø / Ø b. a / an c. the / the d. an / the
9. Most doctors and nurses have to work on a _______ once or twice a week at the hospital.
a. solution b. night shift c. household chores d. special dishes
10. We enjoy _______ time together in the evening when the family members gather
in the living room after a day of working hard.
a. spending b. caring c. taking d. doing
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11. It is parents' duty and responsibility to _______ hands to take care of their children
and give them a happy home.
a. shake b. hold c. join hand: cùng nhau d. take
12. He is a _______ boy. He is often kind and helpful to every classmate.
a. frank b. lovely c. obedient d. caring (quan
tâm người khác)
13. Doctors are supposed to _______ responsibility for human life.
a. do b. take c. rush d. join
14. _______ sure that you follow the instructions carefully.
a. Believe b. Try c. Do d. Make
15. Sometimes Mr. Pike has to work very late ______ night to do some important experiments.
a. in b. at c. for d. on
16. Peter was _______ a hurry to go so he did not stop to greet me.
a. in a hurry: vội b. on c. with d. over
17. It _______ it is parents' responsibility to take good care of their children.
a. commonly says that b. commonly to be said that
c. is commonly said that d. is commonly saying
18. Most children enjoy _______ with their parents and sibships.
a. play b. to play c. playing d. played
19. He studies _______ his two brothers.
a much better than b. more better than c. more good than d. very better than
20. _______ the eldest child, he works hard to help his parents support the family.
a. Be b. Is c. To be d. Being LÀ
21. They _______ for 3 hours when the storm suddenly broke.
a had been running b. have been running c. are running d. will be running
22. No matter what happens next I _______ help you.
a. am b. have c. will d. would
23. I _______ come to the conclusion that nowadays nobody cares about anything.
a. will b. had c. do d. have
24. I assumed you _______ paying for the repairs until the end of last year.
a. have been b. was been c. are being d. had been
25. _______ get tired of answering the same questions every day?
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a. Have you ever b. Had you ever c. Do you ever d. Are you ever
26. She _______ working on that manuscript for 2 years now.
a. will be b. has been c. had been d. is
27. I _______ there once a long time ago and _______ back since.
a. went / have not been b. go / am not
c. have gone / was d. was going / had not been
28. She _______ trying to pass her driving test but fails every time.
a. kept b. is keeping c. had kept d. keeps
29. I _______ complete silence now while I try this experiment.
a. am wanting b. want (không chia thì hiện đại tiếp diễn)
c. did want d. have wanted
30. The students _______ by Mrs. Monty. However, this week they _______ by Mr. Tanzer.
a. are usually taught / are being taught
b. usually teach / are teaching
c. have usually been taught / have been teaching
d. were usually teaching / are teaching
III. Error Identification.
31. Stayed staying strong, family members have to be engaged in liên quan each
other's lives
32. Sometimes all it takes is a few minutes to help you and your family members
feeling more in touch with each other.
33. Meal time is a great time for family members to talk about that is going on in their lives.
34. Meal time also gives children a chance to learn how some of their favorite dishes
making.
35. Playing games together is teachable moments to share lessons about
sportsmanship, teamwork, perseverance, and to be tolerant of others.
IV. A. Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.
Jean spent her first few years in Hooper and her family moved to Otsego early in her life.
She was only ten when her father died unexpectedly, leaving her mother to raise and support
their family alone. Her mother soon went to work outside the home to provide for the family,
and Jean, being one of the oldest, had to help care for her younger siblings. Although she had
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much responsibility at home, Jean thoroughly enjoyed school and was an excellent student.
She went on to graduate 10th in her class at Otsego High School in 1953.
While still in high school, Jean met a young man named Charles "Chuck" Holly, at a
dance in Alamo; and they were quite taken with each other. Over the next few years, their
love for each other blossomed and they were married on February 24, 1953, while Jean was
still in school. At the time, Chuck was serving his country in the military, and had come
home on leave to marry his sweetheart. Unfortunately, shortly thereafter, he was sent
overseas to serve in Korea for the next fifteen months.
Upon his discharge, the couple settled into married life together in the Plainwell, Otsego
area. To help make ends meet, Jean went to work at the collection bureau in Kalamazoo for a
while, before taking a job at the cheese company in Otsego. In 1964, Chuck and Jean were
overjoyed with the birth of their son, Chuck, who brought great joy into their lives. Jean
remembered how her mother was always gone so much working after her father died and she
did not want that for her son, so she left her job to devote herself to the role of a mother.
36. Before Jean's father passed away, her mother used to _______.
a. work outside the home b. be a housewife
c. support the family alone d. work as a secretary
37. Which is not referred to Jean?
a. She was a responsible girl.
b. She never helped her mother with household chores.
c. She often did well at school.
d. She went to high school.
38. Jean's husband was a _______.
a. teacher b. dancer c. soldier d. servant
39. Jean _______.
a. served in the military b. lived in Korea for fifteen months
c. had a daughter d. got married when she was a student
40. Which is not true about Jean?
a. She disliked staying at home and taking care of her child.
b. She worked outside the home before she had a child.
c. She was very happy when she got a baby.
d. She quit her job to look after her baby.
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B. Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.

There are many reasons (41) _____ taking regular time with our family is important:
It (42) _____ a place to listen, teach, learn, and (43) _____ ourselves freely and safely.
It provides (44) _____ to discuss family joys, issues, and problems.
Family members can practice skills in a non-threatening không bị đe dọa(45) _____.
Families are a (46) _____ part of our society and the fabric of our communities - we
spend (47) _____ time together to get our feelings (48) _____ belonging, our values,
support and understanding.
It helps (49) _____ family members together and feel safe in today's world where (50)
_____ can lead to family disintegration sự tan rã
41. a. that b. why c. when d. which

42. a. creates tạo ra b. invents c. develops d. makes
43. a. think b. show c. express bày tỏ d. say
44. a. opportunities cơ hội b. conditions điều kiện c. situations tình huống
d. circumstances
45. a. air b. nature c. space d. atmosphere
46. a. attractive b. real c. deep d. basic
47. a. a b. an c. the d. no article
48. a. in b. of c. on d. for
49. a. keep b. keeping c. kept d. with keeping
50. a. push b. press c. pressure d. pull

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Unit 2:
CULTURAL DIVERSITY
A. READING:
VOCABULARY:
- diversity [dai'və:siti] (n): variety: sự đa dạng
cultural diversity: sự đa dạng văn hóa
diverse [dai'və:s] (a): very different from each other: đa dạng, khác nhau
Ex: There is a need for greater diversity in education.
- culture ['kʌlt∫ə] (n): the customs and beliefs, art, way of life and social organization
of a particular country or group: nền văn hóa
cultural ['kʌlt∫ərəl] (a): thuộc về văn hóa
Ex: European/ Islamic/ Asian culture
Cultural differences between the two communities
- approval (n) [ə'pru:vəl]: feeling or showing that you think sb/st is good or
acceptable: sự tán thành
to nod in approval: gật đầu tán thành
approve OF (v) [ə'pru:v]: to agree to sth formally: đồng tình, ủng hộ
Ex: I approve of your trying to earn money but please don’t neglect your studies
- attract (v) [ə'trækt]: get sb’s attention or interest: thu hút, lôi cuốn
Ex: A display that attracts customers
attraction (n) [ə'træk∫n]: [(physics): sức hút, sự thu hút, sự hấp dẩn
attractiveness (n) [ə'træktivnis]: feeling of liking sb: cảm giác thích ai
attractive (a) [ə'træktiv]: pleasing or interesting: có sức thu hút, quyến rũ
attractively (adv) [ə'træktivli]: một cách thu hút, hấp dẫn
to be attracted to each other: thích nhau
- tradition [trə'di∫n] (n): a set of beliefs and customs that have existed for a long time: truyền thống
traditional [trə'di∫ənl] (a) = conventional: thuộc truyền thống
Ex: religious/ cultural tradition
It’s traditional in America to eat turkey on Thanksgiving Day.
traditionally (adv) [trə'di∫ənli] : 1 cách truyền thống
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Ex: In England, turkey is traditionally eaten on Christmas Day.

- marriage (n): legal uinon of a man and a woman as husband and wife: cuộc hôn nhân, việc kết hôn
marry sb (v) = get married to sb: become the husband or wife of sb: kết hôn với ai
- romance [rou'mæns] (n): love or the feeling of being in love: tình cảm
romantic [rou'mæntik] (a): connected with love, beautiful in a way that makes you
think of love: lãng mạn
romanticism [rou'mæntisizəm] (n): the quality of being romantic or having romantic
inclinations: khuynh hướng lãng mạn
Ex: a romantic candle lit dinner
romantic stories / novels
- contract ['kɔntrækt] (n): a formal agreement; a document that records a formal
agreement: hợp đồng
contract [kən'trækt](v): to make a formal agreement: lên hợp đồng
Ex: a contract of employment
to make/ sign a contract
contractual [kən'træktjuəl] (a): of or in a contract: thuộc về hợp đồng
contractual marriage (n): cuộc hôn nhân hẹn ước
- survey (n): investigation of the opinions, behaviour, etc. of a group of people: cuộc
khảo sát, điều tra, thăm dò ý kiến
surveyor [sə:'veiə] (n): người khảo sát
- physical ['fizikl] (a): connected with a person’s body : thuộc về thể chất
Ex: physical examination / education
physical attractiveness: sự cuốn hút về ngoại hình
- major ['meidʒə] (a): very large or important: quan trọng, chính yếu ≠ minor (a): nhỏ, thứ yếu
majority [mə'dʒɔriti] (n): the largest part of a group: số đông, đa số ≠ minority (n): thiểu số
Ex: a major road
a majority’s decision
In the nursing profession, women are in a / the majority.
- confide [kən'faid] (v) in sb: tell sb secrets because you feel you can trust them: kể
cho ai bí mật, tin cậy ai
confidence IN ['kɔnfidəns] (n): a belief in your ability to succeed; trust in somebody
or something: sự tự tin, lòng tin
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confident OF/ABOUT sth/sb: tự tin

Ex: a confident smile
It’s important to have someone you can confide in.
- partner (n): person you are married to: người bạn (đời)
partnership (n): tình nghĩa vợ chồng
- reject (v): refuse to accept sth/sb: từ chối, không chấp nhận = oppose
rejection (n): sự từ chối
- sacrifice (v, n): give up sth that is valuable to you for a good purpose: hi sinh, sự hi sinh
Ex: She isn’t willing to sacrifice her career to have children.
- oblige [ə'blaidʒ] (v): bắt buộc, cưỡng bách
obligation (n): sự bắt buộc – obligatory (a): bắt buộc # optional (a): tự chọn
Ex: Parents are obliged by law to send their children to school.
- trust sb. to do sth.: tin tưởng, ủy thác
trust IN sb/st [trʌst] (n): sự tin cậy
Ex: Can I trust you to give John this message?
- counterpart ['kauntəpɑ:t] (n): a person or thing that has the same position or
function as sb/sth else in a different place or situation: đối tác
- conduct (v) : organize and do sth: tổ chức, thực hiện
- attitude (n) : the way you think , feel or behave: thái độ
- precede [pri:'si:d] = happen , come or go before sth : xảy ra trước
precedence ['presidəns] (n) = priority [prai'ɔrəti]: quyền ưu tiên
- wise (a) [waiz]: having or showing experience, knowledge and common sense: khôn ngoan # unwise (a)
wisdom (n) ['wizdəm]: sự khôn ngoan, trí khôn
- comparison (n) [kəm'pærisn]: sự so sánh
compare [kəm'peə] (v) sth to sth: so sánh cái gì với cái gì
comparative [kəm'pærətiv] (a): có tính cạnh tranh
comparatively [kəm'pærətivli] (adv): một cách tương đối
- maintain (v): make sth continue at the same level, standard: duy trì
Ex: We need to maintain the quality of the goods but not increase the price
maintainable (a) [mein'teinəbl]: có thể duy trì
maintenance (n): sự duy trì, bảo trì
- toward (prep.) [tə'wɔ:d] = towards [tə'wɔ:dz]: đối với, về phía
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- equal (a) ['i:kwəl] :the same in the size, number, value, etc.: ngang bằng, bình đẳng
equality(n): fact of being equal in rights, status, advantages: sự bình đẳng
equalize (v) ['i:kwəlaiz]: become or make sb/st equal: làm cho bằng nhau
equally (adv) ['i:kwəli]: một cách bình đẳng
- record ['rekɔ:d] (n):written accounts of facts, events, etc.: sự ghi chép
PHRASES
 On one hand ... On the other hand: Một mặt ... Mặt khác
 Be supposed to do / be sth: be expected or required to do / be sth according to
a rule, an arrangement, etc.: cần phải làm gì
Ex: Children are supposed to respect their parents.
 Be obliged to do sth: be forced to do sth by law, because of a duty : bị bắt buộc phải làm
gì
EXERCISE 1: Choose the best option
1. London is home to people of many _______ cultures.
a. diverse b. diversity c. diversify d. diversification
2. John cannot make a _____ to get married to Mary or stay single until he can afford
a house and a car.
a. decide b. decision c. decisive d. decisively
3. My mother used to be a woman of great _______, but now she gets old and looks pale.
a. beauty b. beautiful c. beautifully d. beautify
4. Although they are twins, they have almost the same appearance but they are
seldom in ____.
a. agree b. agreeable c. agreement d. agreeably
5. The more _______ and positive you look, the better you will feel.
a. confide b. confident c. confidently d. confidence
6. My parents will have celebrated 30 years of _______ by next week.
a. marry b. married c. marriageable d. marriage
7. Many Vietnamese people ______ their lives for the revolutionary cause of the nation.
a. sacrifice b. sacrificed c. sacrificial d. sacrificially
8. They had a ______ candlelit dinner last night and she accepted his proposal of marriage.
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a. romance b. romantic c. romantically d. romanticize

9. Are there any _____between Vietnamese and American culture?
a. differences b. different c. differently d. differential
10. She_______ decided to walk home alone.
a. wise b. unwise c. wisdom d. unwisely
11. Nowadays, young people are free to choose their mates and they are
encouraged_______ at least at the age of 23.
a. marrying b. marry c. to marry d. married
12. Some people are concerned with physical _______when choosing a wife or husband.
a. attractive b. attraction c. attractiveness d. attractively
13. What could be more_______ than a wedding on a tropical island?
a. romance b. romantic c. romanticizing d. romanticism
14. In my hometown, many people still believe in_______ marriage.
a. contract b. contractual c. contracts d. contracting
15. ________, women are responsible for the chores in the house and taking care of the children.
a. With tradition b. On tradition c. Traditional d. Traditionally
16. Though their performance was not perfect yet, the students held the
audience's_____________ until the end.
a. attentive b. attention c. attentively d. attentiveness
17. The survey will cover various ways of ___________ the different attitudes toward
love and marriage of today's youth.
a. determination b. determine c. determined d. determining
18. Both Asian and Western students seem ______ about how to answer the
questionnaire of the survey.
a. confusedly b. confused c. confusing d. confusion
19. She was______ unaware of the embarrassing situation due to her different cultural background.
a. complete b. completed c. completing d. completely
20. What is more important to you, intelligence or___________________?
a. attraction b. attractiveness c. attractive d. attracted
B. PHONETICS: PRONUNCIATION OF VERBS ENDING IN –ED
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1. If the base form of the verb ends with the sounds /t/ or /d/, then
pronounce –ed as an extra syllable /id/.
/t/ /d/
start  started confide  confided
wait  waited need  needed
2. If the base form ends with the voiceless sounds /f/ , /k/ , /p/ ,/s/ , /∫/ /x /
t∫/ the pronounce-ed as /t/.
laugh  laughed wish  wished
look  looked watch  watched
jump  jumped fax  faxed
slice  sliced
3. If the base form ends with any other consonant or with a vowel
sound, then pronounce –ed as /d/
rob  robbed call  called
brag  bragged order  ordered
judge  judged bath  bathed
hum  hummed wave  waved
rain  rained close  closed
bang  banged play  played
EXERCISE 1: Tick () the correct sound of the past ending in the following words
/t/ /d/ /id/
1. carried   
2. educated   
3. watched   
4. confided   
5. concerned   
6. attracted   
7. agreed   
8. coughed   
9. changed   
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10. hoped   
11. approved   
12. sacrificed   
13. obliged   
14. joined   
15. worked   
16. missed   
17. helped   
18. explained   
19. finished   
20. offered   
21. naked   
22. crooked   
EXERCISE 2: Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently

from that of the others
1. A. cleaned B. attended C. visited D. started
2. A. talked B. fished C. arrived D. stepped
3. A. wished B. wrapped C. laughed D. turned
4. A. considered B. rescued C. pulled D. roughed
5. A. produced B. arranged C. checked D. fixed
6. A. caused B. examined C. operated D. advised
7. A. discovered B. destroyed C. developed D. opened
8. A. repaired B. invented C. wounded D. succeeded
9. A. improved B. parked C. broadened D. encouraged
10. A. delivered B. organized C. replaced D. obeyed
11. A. painted B. provided C. protected D. equipped
12. A. tested B. marked C. presented D. founded
13. A. used B. finished C. married D. rained
14. A. allowed B. dressed C. flashed D. mixed
15. A. switched B. stayed C. believed D. cleared
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C. GRAMMAR: ENGLISH TENSES

1. Monica________ with her sister at the moment until she finds a flat.
a. stays b. is staying c. will stay d. is going to stay
2. After I________ lunch, I looked for my bag.
a. had b. had had c. have has d. have had
3. By the end of next year, George________ English for 2 years.
a. will have learned b. will learn c. has leaned d. would learn
4. The man got out of the car,_______ round to the back and opened the boot.
a. walking b. walked c. walks d. walk
5. For several years his ambition ________ to be a pilot.
a. is b. has been c. was d. had been
6. Henry________ into the restaurant when the writer was having dinner.
a. was going b. went c. has gone d. did go
7. He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he ________ dinner.
a. finish b. finishes c. will finish d. shall have finished
8. Before you asked, the letter________
a. was written b. had been written c. had written d. has been written
9. She ________ English at RMIT these days.
a. studies b. is studying c. will study d. is gong to study
10. She's at her best when she________ big decisions.
a. is making b. makes c. had made d. will make
EXERCISE 2: Rewrite each of the following sentences, beginning as shown, so

that the meaning stays the same
1. Mike left the office before Ken arrived there.
When Ken arrived, Mike had left the office
I haven’t gone to the supermarket for three weeks.
The last time I went to the supermarket was three weeks ago
The last time+ S+ Ved….was +khoảng thời gian+ago: Lần cuối ai đó làm gì là…
3. We started working on this project a year ago.
We have worked on this project for a year
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4. During the English lesson, the lights went out.

While we were having English lesson, the lights went out
5. How long have they lived in this neighborhood?

When did they start living in this neighborhood?
When+did+ S+start+V-ing: Ai đó đã bắt đầu làm gì đó khi nào….
6. When you phoned Anne, it was her lunch time.
When you phoned Anne, She was having lunch
7. They started learning foot ball at three o’clock
They have learned football since 3 three o’clock
8. I haven’t seen my father for a month.
It has been a month since I last saw my father
9. I have never read this book before.
This is the first time I have read this book
10. Susan hasn’t spoken to him since August.
The last time susan spoke to him was in August
PRACTICE TEST: Unit 2 – CULTURAL DIVERSITY
I. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.
1. a. naked b. looked c. booked d. hooked
2. a. concerned b. raised c. developed d. maintained
3. a. appeared b. agreed c. coughed d. loved
4. a. sacrificed b. trusted c. recorded d. acted
5. a. laughed b. weighed c. helped d. missed
II. Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence.
6. London is home to people of many _______ cultures.
a. diverse b. diversity c. diversify d. diversification
7. John cannot make a _______ to get married to Mary or stay single until he can
afford a house and a car.
a. decide b. decision c. decisive d. decisively
8. My mother used to be a woman of great ______, but now she gets old and looks pale.
a. beauty b. beautiful c. beautifully d. beautify
9. My father phoned me to say that he would come _______ home late.
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a. a b. an c. the d. Ø
10. At last they divorced after ten years of _______ marriage.
11. A curriculum that ignores ethnic tensions, racial antagonisms, cultural _______
and religious differences is not relevant.
a. diversity b. contacts c. barriers d. levels
12. Some researchers have just _______ a survey of young people's points of view on
contractual marriage.
a. sent b. directed c. managed d. conducted
13. It is not easy to ________ our beauty when we get older and older.
a. develop b. maintain c. gain d. collect
14. Many young people have objected to _______ marriage, which is decided by the
parents of the bride and groom.
a. agreed b. shared c. contractual d. sacrificed
15. All parents are _______ to at least try to behave in ways that will give their own
children an important protection
a. decided b. supposed c. followed d. rejected
16. It is thought that traditional marriage _______ are important basis of limiting
divorce rates.
a. appearances b. records c. responses d. values
17. Affected by the Western cultures, Vietnamese young people's attitudes _______
love and marriage have dramatically changed.
a. for b. with c. through d. towards
18. Sometimes she does not agree _______ her husband about child rearing but they
soon find the solutions.
a. for b. on c. with d. of
19. The young are _____ more concerned with physical attractiveness than elderly people.
a. much b. as c. many d. as much as
20. It will take more or less a month to prepare for the wedding.
a. approximately b. generally c. frankly d. simply
21. The number of the participants in the survey ______ 250 students for Oxford University.
a. are b. was c. were d. have been
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22. The grass was yellow because it _______ all summer.

a. does not rain b. has not rained c. had not rained d. would not rain
23. Many people even wonder these days _______.
a. what marriage is b. what is marriage
c. what marriage was d. what was marriage
24. The lights _______ out because we _______ the electricity bill.
a. have gone / did not pay b. will go / did not paid
c. go / would not pay d. went / had not paid
25. _______ Tom Cruise's last movie? Yes, I _______ it three days ago.
a. Have you ever seen / saw b. Did you ever see / have seen
c. Had you ever seen / would see d. Will you ever see / saw
26. In the past, people _______ to the beach more often.
a. have gone b. used to go c. were going d. had gone
27. Soon, people _______ most of the time at home.
a. will work b. are working c. have worked d. work
28. I _______ a terrible accident while I _______ on the beach.
a. see / am walking b. saw / was walking
c. was seeing / walked d. have seen / were walking
29. After all, she _______ him since her childhood.
a. knows b. knew c. was knowing d. had known
30. We _______ touch since we _______ school three years ago.
a. lost / have left b. have lost / leave
c. have lost / left d. were losing / had left
III. Error identification.

31. While preparing for your wedding, keeping in mind that this is just the first step in
your future lives of love together.
32. Marriage is a life-long journey together, which is not simply a boat you get on
together and getting off when it does not work out.
33. It is important to note that such a happy marriage does not come about
by accident, but it had taken years of dedicated work to bring this kind
26
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of relationship into existence.

34. There are dangerous times in a marriage, especially when the wife can
come to feel such overburdened that she decides to end the relationship.
35. Once you can overcome your difficulty, the problems may well become a source
of strengthen to your marriage and to your faith.
IV. Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.
When people plan to marry, they expect to find in their partner not only a lover but a
friend also. They find a person with whom they can share their opinions, their emotions,
thoughts and fears. In marriage we are looking for a partner who will be able to understand
our values, our likes and dislikes.
If a man and a woman are born and raised in the same country, most likely they are
familiar with the same songs, movies, jokes, books and life in general. They basically have
the same roots. In the case of a western man and foreign woman family everything is more
complicated and requires much more patience and understanding from both spouses. On one
hand each of the partners has an opportunity to learn a great deal about the other's country,
culture, traditions and life styles which can be very interesting. On the other hand it can be
very disappointing if there is the inability to understand your partner's excitements and
frustrations. For example, you are watching the television and suddenly you see a famous
actor or singer, or other type of an artist whose name you have grown up with. Maybe this
artist was an idol for your parents and the music of this artist was often played in your house
when you were a child. Unfortunately you realize that your wife is unable to understand your
feelings because she has no idea who this artist is. Her eyes are absolutely empty because she
has never even heard the song before. You feel rather disappointed! Remember that your
wife has the same situation with you. You do not know her country's songs, her country's
famous actors, her books. She has her own memories and in actuality, for her, everything is
much more difficult than it is for you. At least, you live in your own country where
everybody can understand you. She lives in completely strange surroundings, where she has
nobody to share her feelings with, except you.
Do some research and learn about your wife's country, culture and lifestyles. Talk with
her, ask her questions, get to know what songs she likes, what movies and books are of
interest to her. The Internet will give you a great opportunity to find anything! Tell her about
27
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your country's culture, let her listen to the music that you like, rent a movie for her that left
you with great impression. Let her understand you better through the things that you like.
Patience and time will help you to fight cultural differences.
36. A spouse should ________.

a. let the partner to do everything alone
b. be not only a lover but also a friend
c. not share the feelings with the partner
d. not interfere with what the partner's likes and dislikes
37. According to the passage, ________.
a. Spouses who have the same nationality need more patience and understanding in
their marriage than those who are from different cultures.
b. Spouses who are from different cultures need more patience and understanding
in their marriage than those who have the same roots.
c. Spouses who have the same roots do not share anything together.
d. Spouses who are from different cultures can never share anything together.
38. If there is the inability to understand a spouse's excitements and frustrations in the
marriage, he or she may feel ________.
a. faithful b. hopeless c. disappointed d. happy
39. The passage is ________.
a. critical b. convincing c. advisory d. apologetic
40. To overcome cultural differences in marriage needs ________.
a. patience and time b. time and money
c. movies and music d. books and the Internet
V. Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.

Most Americans eat three meals (41) ______ the day: breakfast, lunch, and
dinner. Breakfast begins between 7:00 and 8:00am, lunch between 11:00 am and
noon, and dinner between 6:00 and 8:00 pm. On Sundays "brunch" is a (42) ______ of
breakfast and lunch, typically beginning at 11:00 am. Students often enjoy a "study
break" or evening snack around 10:00 or 11:00 pm. Breakfast and lunch tend to be
light meals, with only one (43) ______. Dinner is the main meal.
28
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(44) ______ breakfast Americans will eat cereal with milk which are often mixed
(45) ______ in a bowl, a glass of orange juice, and toasted bread or muffin with jam,
butter, or margarine. Another common breakfast meal is scrambled eggs or (46)
______ omelet with potatoes and breakfast meat (bacon or sausage). People who are
on (47) ______ eat just a cup of yogurt. Lunch and dinner are more (48) ______.
When eating at a formal dinner, you may be overwhelmed by the number of utensils.
How do you (49) ______ the difference between a salad fork, a butter fork, and a
dessert fork? Most Americans do not know the answer (50) ______ But knowing
which fork or spoon to use first is simple: use the outermost utensils first and the
utensils closest to the plate last.
41. a. in b. for c. on d. during

42. a. addition b. connection c. combination d. attachment
43. a. course b. food c. menu d. goods
44. a. For b. In c. At d. With
45. a. each other b. together c. one another d. others
46. a. a b. an c. the d. no article
47. a. holiday b. engagement c. diet d. duty
48. a. vary b. variety c. varied d. variously
49. a. say b. talk c. speak d. tell
50. a. too b. either c. so d. neither

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Unit 3:
WAYS OF SOCIALISING
A. READING:
VOCABULARY:
- socialise ['sou∫əlaiz] (v): to meet and spend time with people in a friendly way : giao thiệp
society [sə'saiəti] (n): xã hội
social ['sou∫l] (a): connected with society: thuộc xã hội
sociable ['sou∫əbl] (a) = friendly: thân thiện, thích giao thiệp
Ex: I enjoy socializing with the other students.
social problems / reforms
social skills / life
Eastern / Western society
- verbal ['və:bl] (a): using words; spoken, not written: bằng lời nói
# non-verbal [nɒn'vɜ:b(ə)l] (a) : phi ngôn ngữ
verbalize ['və:bəlaiz] (v) : diễn đạt bằng lời nói
Ex: non-verbal communication (= expressions of the face, gestures, etc.)
verbal skills / agreement
- communicate [kə'mju:nikeit] (v): express ideas, feelings; give information: giao tiếp,
thông tin liên lạc
communication [kə,mju:ni'kei∫n] (n): sự giao tiếp, thông tin liên lạc
communicative [kə'mju:nikətiv] (a): có tính giao tiếp
Ex: Telephone is one means of communication.
- wave [weiv](v/n): move your hand or arm from side to side in the air to attract
attention, as a greeting, etc.: vẫy tay/sóng biển
wave to sb: vẫy tay gọi ai
- obvious ['ɒbviəs](a): clear, easy to see or understand: rõ ràng, dễ thấy, dễ hiểu
- signal ['signəl](n): movement, sound, event, action that gives information,
instruction, warning, stc.: tín hiệu
Ex: People didn’t have phones then. They used smoke signal.
danger/traffic signal
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sign [sain] (n/v): biển hiệu, biển báo

Ex: traffic sign
Ex: She shows no sign of being interested.
Ex: Sign your name, please!
signal to sb to do sth: ra hiệu cho ai làm việc gì
Ex: She signaled to the waiter to bring the menu.
- situation [,sit∫u'ei∫n] all the circumstances and things happening at a certain time
and in a certain place: tình huống
Ex: social/economic/political/financial situation
Ex: The company is in a poor financial situation.
- suppose [sə'pouz](v): imagine: giả sử, tưởng tượng
Ex: Let us suppose, for example, that you have lost your passport.
- instance ['instəns](n): particular example or case of sth: ví dụ, trường hợp
for instance = for example: chẳng hạn như, ví dụ như
- appropriate [ə'proupriət] (a): suitable right for a particular situation: phù hợp
# inappropriate [,inə'proupriit] (a): không phù hợp
Ex: Is now an appropriate time to make a speech?
an appropriate response / measure / method
- nod [nɔd](v): move your head up and down to show agreement or as a greeting: gật đầu
- whistle ['wisl](v/n): huýt sáo/tiếng huýt sáo
Ex: She whisled her dog back.
- informal [in'fɔ:ml](a): not formal or serious: thân mật, không trang trọng ≠ formal: không
thân mật, trang trọng
informality (n) [,infɔ:'mæliti]: sự thân tình ≠ formality: sự trang trọng
- brief [bri:f] (a): lasting only for a short time: ngắn gọn, vắn tắt
in brief: tóm lại
- approach [ə'prout∫] (v) :move nearer: tiến đến gần hơn
Ex: The new school year is fast approaching.
- assist [ ə'sist] (v): to help sb to do sth: giúp đỡ
assistance [ə'sistəns] (n) = help , support: sự giúp đỡ
assistant [ə'sistənt] (n): peron who assists sb: người phụ giúp, trợ lý
Ex: assist sb in doing sth
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financial assistance
a TA: a teaching assistant
- rude [ru:d] (a.): not polite, impolite: thô lỗ, bất lịch sự
Ex: rude words / joke / gesture
be rude TO sb.: thô lỗ với ai
B. SPEAKING:
- decent ['di:snt] (a): in good quality; (of people) honest and fair: cao quý
decency ['di:snsi] (n): sự cao quý
- terrible ['terəbl] (a): - very unpleasant (what terrible news) = awful: kinh khủng, tồi tệ
- very bad (a terrible meal) = horrible
terribly (adv): 1 cách kinh khủng
- terrific [tə'rifik] (a): - excellent, wonderful: rất tuyệt
- very great, very large
Ex: terrific personality / job
terrifically [tə'rifikli](adv ): 1 cách tuyệt vời
- compliment ['kɔmplimənt] (n) ON STH: a remark that expresses praise or
admiration of sb: lời khen về điều gì
- pay sb. a compliment = praise [preiz] sb FOR sth
= compliment (v) sb on sth: khen ngợi , ca tụng ai về việc gì
Ex: She complimented him on his excellent German
PHRASES
 clap one’s hands: vỗ tay
 raise one’s hand : giơ tay
 point AT/TO/TOWARD sb / sth: chỉ vào ai / cái gì
 Just kidding!: đùa thôi!
 attract one’s attention = get one’s attraction = catch one’s eye : thu hút sự chú ý của ai đó
 get off the plane/the bus: bước xuống máy bay/xe buýt
≠ get on the plane/the bus: bước lên máy bay/xe buýt
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EXERCISE 1: Check the antonym of the words below. Circle either a or b

1. acceptable
a. inacceptable b. unacceptable
2. appropriate
a. unappropriate b. inappropriate
3. verbal
a. non-verbal b. dis-verbal
4. formal
a. unformal b. informal
5. friendly
a. unfriendly b. non-friendly
6. lucky
a. unlucky b. dislucky
7. obedient
a. imobedient b. disobedient
8. possible
a. impossible b. unpossible
9. polite
a. unpolite b. impolite
10. responsible
a. irresponsible b. imresponsible
EXERCISE 2: Supply the correct form of the word in brackets

1. I'm sorry I'm late,' he murmured………………… (apologize)
2. The summit was…………………only from the south. (approach)
3. They are thinking of the ……………… of travelling abroad this summer. (attract)
4. …………………of the new system will take several days. (install)
5. The company had received complaints both …………………and in writing. (verb)
6. The government has been accused of not responding…………………to the needs
of the homeless. (appropriate)
7. We took a…………………more direct route. (slight)
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8. This type of behavior is no longer …………………acceptable. (society)

9. His casual behavior was wholly………….……for such a formal occasion. (appropriate)
10. Rob’s very………………… - He likes parties. (society)
1. The family has a very important role in_____________ children.
A. social B. socialist C. socializing D. socialism
2. When we apologize, we admit our___________.
A. courtesy B. courteous C. discourteous D. discourtesy
3. In U.S. schools, teachers don't mind their students'_________ them during the lectures.
A. interrupt B. interrupted C. interrupting D. to interrupt
4. His achievements were partly due to the____________ of his wife.
A. assist B. assistant C. assisted D. assistance
5. By working day and night, they succeeded__________ their work in time.
A. finished B. to finish C. finishing D. in finishing
6. They started, as ____________ gatherings but they have become increasingly
formalized in the last few years.
A. informal B. informally C. informalize D. informality
7. Children who are isolated and lonely seem to have poor language and ________.
A. communicate B. communication C. communicative D. communicator
8. The lecturer explained the problem very clearly and is always _____ in response to questions.
A. attention B. attentive C. attentively D. attentiveness
9. I make no __________ for encouraging my children to succeed in school.
A. apologize B. apologetic C. apologies D. apoplectic
10. It was very more __________of a chat than an interview.
A. formal B. informal C. formality D. informality
B. PHONETICS: Rules of Word Stress in English
There are two very simple rules about word stress:

1. One word has only one stress. (One word cannot have two stresses. If you
hear two stresses, you hear two words. Two stresses cannot be one word. It is true
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that there can be a "secondary" stress in some words. But a secondary stress is
much smaller than the main [primary] stress, and is only used in long words.)
2. We can only stress vowels, not consonants.
Here are some more, rather complicated, rules that can help you understand where to
put the stress. But do not rely on them too much, because there are many exceptions.
It is better to try to "feel" the music of the language and to add the stress naturally.
1. Stress on first syllable
rule example
Most 2-syllable nouns PRESent, EXport, CHIna, TAble
Most 2-syllable adjectives PRESent, SLENder, CLEVer, HAPpy
2. Stress on last syllable
rule example
Most 2-syllable verbs to preSENT, to exPORT, to deCIDE, to beGIN
There are many two-syllable words in English whose meaning and class change with a
change in stress. The word present, for example is a two-syllable word. If we stress
the first syllable, it is a noun (gift) or an adjective (opposite of absent). But if we stress
the second syllable, it becomes a verb (to offer). More examples: the words export,
import, contract and object can all be nouns or verbs depending on whether the
stress is on the first or second syllable.
3. Stress on penultimate syllable (penultimate = second from end)
rule example
Words ending in -ic GRAPHic, geoGRAPHic, geoLOGic
Words ending in -sion and -tion teleVIsion, reveLAtion
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For a few words, native English speakers don't always "agree" on where to put the
stress. For example, some people say teleVIsion and others say TELevision. Another
example is: CONtroversy and conTROversy.
4 Stress on ante-penultimate syllable (ante-penultimate = third from end)
rule example
Words ending in -cy, -ty, -phy deMOcracy, dependaBIlity, phoTOgraphy,

and -gy geOLogy
Words ending in -al CRItical, geoLOGical
5 Compound words (words with two parts)
rule example
For compound nouns, the stress is on the first part BLACKbird, GREENhouse
For compound adjectives, the stress is on the bad-TEMpered, old-

second part FASHioned
For compound verbs, the stress is on the second to underSTAND, to

part overFLOW
EXERCISE 1: What syllable is stressed?
Record (n), record (v), present (n), present (v), lazy, careful, splendid, photograph,
photography, economic, electric, electrical, commercial, activity, university,
communication, explanation, geography, biology, produce (v), product, productive,
productivity, revision, blackboard, curious, curiosity, responsible, responsibility.
First syllable Second syllable Third syllable Fourth syllable
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’
EXERCISE 2: Put “ ” on the main stress of the following words
important, physical, marriage, prepare, different, determine,

attitude, feature, culture, confide, romantic, believe, demand,
sacrifice, matter, example, attract, develop, holiday, measure
C. GRAMMAR: REPORTED SPEECH

Direct speech: Tom said, “I am feeling ill”.
Reported speech: Tom said that he was feeling ill.
Tom told me that he was feeling ill.
I. Thay đổi về thì trong câu:

DIRECT INDIRECT
Simple present - V1 /Vs(es) Simple past – V2 / V-ed
Present progressive – am / is / are + V- Past progressive – was / were + V-ing
ing Past perfect – had + P.P
Present perfect – have / has + P.P Past perfect progressive - had been +
Present perfect progressive – have / has been V-ing
+V-ing Past perfect – had + P.P
Simple past – V2 / -ed Past perfect progressive – had been
Past progressive – was / were + V-ing +V-ing
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Simple future – will + V1 Future in the past - would + V1

Future progressive will be + V-ing Future progressive in the past - would be +
V-ing
II. Thay đổi các đại từ nhân xưng:

Ngôi thứ Subject Object Possessive Possessive Reflexive
Pronoun Pronoun Adjective Pronoun Pronoun
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
I (số ít) I me my mine myself
II (số ít) You you your yours yourself
III (số ít) He him his his himself
III (số ít) She her her hers herself
III (số ít) It it its its itself
I (số nhiều) We us our ours ourselves
II (số You you your yours yourselves
nhiều)
III (số They them their theirs themselves
nhiều)
III. Thay đổi các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn:
DIRECT INDIRECT
Now Then
Here There
This That
These Those
Today That day
Yesterday The day before / the previous day
Last year The year before / the previous year
Tonight That night
Tomorrow The following day / the next day/ the day after
Next month The following month / the next month/the month after
Ago Before
CÁC THAY ĐỔI CỤ THỂ CHO TỪNG LOẠI CÂU TRONG LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP:
1. COMMAND / REQUEST (Câu mệnh lệnh, câu đề nghị)
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- Mệnh lệnh khẳng định:

Direct: S + V + O: “V1 + O …”
Indirect: S + asked / told + O + to + V1 + ….
Ex: 1. He said to her: “Keep silent, please.”
→ He told her --------------------------------------------
2. “Wash your hands before having dinner, Lan.” The mother said.
→ The mother told Lan ----------------------------------------------------
- Mệnh lệnh phủ định:
Direct: S + V + O: “Don’t + V1 + …”
Indirect: S + asked / told + O + not + to+ V1 ….
Ex: 1. “Don’t forget to phone me this afternoon,” he said.
→ He reminded me --------------------------------------- ---------------
2. The teacher said to the students: “Don’t talk in the class.”
→ The teacher --------------------------------------------------------------
+ Tùy theo ngữ cảnh trong lời nói động từ tường thuật “said” hoặc “said to” có thể đổi
thành “told, asked, advised, persuaded, directed, begged, encouraged, …”
Ex: 1. The doctor said to his patient: “Do exercise regularly.”
→ The doctor ------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. STATEMENT (Câu trần thuật)

Direct: S + V + (O): “clause”
Indirect: S + told / said + (O) + (that) + clause
Note: said to → told
Ex: 1. Tom said, “I want to visit my friend this weekend.”
→ Tom said (that) ------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. She said to me, “I am going to Dalat next summer.”
→ She told me (that) ------------------------------------------------------------------
3. QUESTION (Câu hỏi)

a. Yes – No question:
Direct: S + V + (O) : “Aux. V + S + V1 + O….?”
Indirect: S + asked + O + if / whether + S + Aux. V/V1 + O ….
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Ex: 1. He asked: “Have you ever been to Japan, Mary?”

→ He asked Mary -----------------------------------------------
2. “Did you go out last night, Tom?” I asked
→ I asked Tom ------------------------------------------------------
b. Wh – question:
Direct: S + V + (O): “Wh- + Aux. V + S + V1 + O ?”
Indirect: S + asked + O + Wh- + S + Aux. V/V1 + O.
Ex: 1. “How long are you waiting for the bus?” he asked me.
→ He asked me ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. “Where did you go last night, Tom?” the mother asked.
→ The mother asked Tom ----------------------------------------------------------------------
4. DANH ĐỘNG TỪ (V-ING) TRONG LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP

Khi lời nói trực tiếp là lời đề nghị, chúc mừng, cảm ơn, xin lỗi, …động từ tường thuật
cùng với danh động từ (V-ing) theo sau nó thường được dùng để chuyển tải nội dung
lời nói trên.
a. Reporting Verb + V-ing + ….

Deny (phủ nhận), admit (thừa nhận), suggest (đề nghị), regret (nuối tiếc),
appreciate (đánh giá cao, cảm kích)
Ex: 1. Peter said: “I didn’t steal the painting.”
→ Peter denied stealing the painting.
2. “Why don’t we go out for a walk?” said the boy.
→ The boy suggested going out for a walk.
b. Reporting Verb + (Someone) + Preposition + V-ing + ….

- thank someone for (cám ơn ai về ….)
- accuse someone of (buộc tội ai về …)
- congratulate someone on (chúc mừng ai về ….)
- warn someone against (cảnh báo ai về ….)
- dream of (mơ về …)
- object to (chống đối về ….)
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- apologize someone for (xin lỗi ai về …)

- insist on (khăng khăng đòi …)
- complain about (phàn nàn về ….)
Ex: 1. “I’m happy to know that you win the game. Congratulations!”, Jim said to Mary.
→ Jim --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. I said to the boy: “Don’t play ball near the restricted area.”
→ I -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Daisy said: “I want to be a famous singer in the world.”
→ Daisy --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note:
1. Why don’t you / Why not / How about → suggested + (someone) + V-ing …
Ex: 1. “Why don’t you send her some flowers?” he said.
→ He suggested me sending her some flowers.
2. Let’s → suggested + V-ing …
Let’s not → suggested + not + V-ing …
Ex: 1. “Let’s meet outside the cinema,” he said.
→ He suggested meeting outside the cinema.
2. She said: “Let’s not talk about that problem again.”
→ She suggested not talking about that problem again.
3. Shall we / It’s a good idea → suggested + V-ing …
Ex: 1. “It’s a good idea to go for a picnic this weekend,” she said.
→ She suggested going for a picnic that weekend.
5. ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU (TO-INFINITIVE) TRONG LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP

Khi lời nói gián tiếp là một lời đề nghị, mệnh lệnh, ý định, lời hứa, lời yêu cầu, …
động từ tường thuật cùng với động từ nguyên mẫu theo sau nó thường được dùng để
chuyển tải nội dung lời nói này.
a. Reporting Verb + To-inf …
- agree (đồng ý) demand (đòi hỏi) guarantee (bảo đảm)
- hope (hy vọng) promise (hứa) swear (thề)
- threaten (đe dọa) volunteer (tình nguyện) offer (đưa ra đề nghị)
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- refuse (từ chối) consent (bằng lòng) decide (quyết định)

Ex: 1. “I will give you my book if you need it,” said my friend.
→ My friend offered to give me her book if I needed it.
b. Reporting Verb + Object + To-inf …

- ask (hỏi, yêu cầu) advise (khuyên) command (ra lệnh)
- expect (trông đợi) instruct (hướng dẫn) invite (mời)
- order (ra lệnh) persuade (thuyết phục) recommend (khuyên)
- remind (nhắc nhở) encourage (cổ vũ) tell (kể, bảo)
- urge (thúc giục) warn (cảnh báo) want (muốn)
Ex: 1. “Don’t forget to lock the door,” I said to my sister.
→ I reminded my sister to lock the door.
2. Ann said: “Come to my place whenever you are free.”
→ Ann invited me to come to her place whenever I was free.
Note:
1. Lời đề nghị: Would you / Could you / Will you / Can you → asked + someone + to-inf
Would you mind / Do you mind + V-ing → asked + someone + to-inf
Ex: 1. “Can you read the instructions again?” she said.
→ She asked me to read the instructions again.
2. He said: “Would you mind opening the door, please?”
→ He asked me to open the door.
2. Lời mời: Would you like / Will you → invited someone + to-inf
Ex: 1. “Will you have lunch with me?” he said.
→ He invited me to have lunch with him.
3. Lời khuyên: had better / If I were you / Why don’t you → advised someone + to-inf
Ex: 1. “If I were you, I would phone her,” he said.
→ He advised me to phone her.
6. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN TRONG LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP

Nếu trong lời nói trực tiếp có câu điều kiện thì chỉ có câu điều kiện loại 1 là thay đổi
về thì, câu điều kiện loại 2 và 3 vẫn giữ nguyên hình thức động từ của chúng.
Ex: 1. “If I have time, I will visit her,” he said.
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→ He said that if he had time he would visit her.

2. She said: “If I had enough money, I would buy a car.”
→ She said that if she had enough money she would buy a car.
3. He said to me : “If I had met you, I would have told you the truth.”
→ He told me that if he had met me he would have told me the truth.
Note: In some cases the backshift of tenses is NOT NECESSARY

(Không cần thiết đổi thì trong một số trường hợp sau)
1. when statements are STILL TRUE.
a.John: "My brother is at Leipzig university."
John said that his brother was at Leipzig university. or
John said that his brother is at Leipzig university.
b.Mandy: "The sun rises in the East."
Mandy said that the sun rose in the East. or
Mandy said that the sun rises in the East.
c. Tom said “ New York is more lovely than London”
Tom said that New York is (was)more lovely than London
2. Conditional type 2 and 3
Ex: He said “ If I were you, I wouldn’t come here”
He said that if he were me he wouldn’t come there.
3. Past subjunctive (wish clause, as if… )
Ex: Mary said “ I wish I were a boy”
Mary said that she wished she were a boy.
4. Modal Verbs such as: could, should, might, used to, ought to, would rather, had better
Ex: Tom said to me: “ you had better not stay up too late”
Tom told me I had better not stay up too late.
5. Verb giới thiệu ờ các thì Present; Future; Present perfect
Ex: Tom has said “ I am working here”
Tom has said he is working here.
EXERCISE 1: Complete the sentence with say or tell: (say sth / tell sb)
1. Ann………………… goodbye to me and left.
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2. ………………… us about your holiday. Did you have a nice time?

3. Don’t just stand there . ………………… something.
4. I wonder where Sue is . She …………she would be there at 8 o’clock.
5. Jack………………….. me that he was fed up with his job.
6. The doctor………………… that I should rest at least a week.
7. Don’t………anybody what I ……………. It’s a secret just between us.
8. “Did she ………………… what happened?”
- No, she didn’t …………………anything to me.
9. George couldn’t help me. He …………………me to ask Kate.
10. I …………………………..I would help you, so I am here.
EXERCISE 2: Put the following sentences into reported speech

 With the introductory verb in the present tense:
1. Lan says: ' I've just come to visit my grandparents'
……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
2. Peter says: 'I am going to watch television tonight'
……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
3. They say: ' We don't like your car'
……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
4. ' My sister called me last night' he says.
……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
5. ' I don't think you are right' she says to me.
……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
6. Mother says to me: ' You can invite your friends to you birthday party'
……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
 With the introductory verb in the past tense:

a- commands: Put the following questions into indirect speech:
1. ' Don't put sticky things in your pockets', said his mother.
……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
2. ' Don't do anything dangerous,' said his wife.
……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
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3. ' Don't lend Harry any money,' I said to Ann.

……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
4. ' Remember to book a table,' Ann said to the clerk.
………. ……………. ……………. …………….
5. ' Get into the right lane,' the driving instructor said to all the drivers.
……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
6. ' Open a bank account?' said Peter to his friend.
……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
7. ' Don't leave your homework until tomorrow,' the teacher said to the pupils.
……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
8. ' Please do it immediately right now,' the mother said to her children.
……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
b- Statements: Put the following questions into indirect speech:

1. ' I'm working in a restaurant' she said.
……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
2. ' I can't live on my basic salary,' Peter said.
……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
3. ' My young brother wants to be a taxi inspector,' said Mary.
……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
4. ' We had done our homework before we played football,' said the children.
……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
5. ' I've made a terrible mistake!' said Peter.
……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
6. 'You are always making terrible mistakes,' I said.
……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
7. ' We've been here for two and a half years,' said the woman 'and we're going to
stay here for another six months.'
……………….. ……………….. ……………….. ………………..
8. ' I'm living with my parents at the moment,' she said.
……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
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c- WH-questions: Put the followings into reported speech:

1. ' Who are you ?' the principal asked the boy.
……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
2. ' Where is the nearest post-office?' the stranger asked me.
……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
3. ' What are you doing at the moment?' I asked him.
……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
4. ' How often do you go swimming?' Jane asked Tom.
……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
5. ' How does your father travel to work, Lan?' he asked.
……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
6. ' Why did you come to class late yesterday?' the teacher inquired Daisy.
……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
7. ' Whose are these beautiful shoes, Mary?' Mum asked.
……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
8. ' How long have you learnt English , Ann?' I asked.
……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
 Yes/No questions: Put the following questions into indirect speech:

1. ' Do you like coffee, Tom?' I asked him.
……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
2. ' Do you want to see the cathedral?' said the guide.
……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
3. ' Would you like to come with us ?' they said to us.
……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
4. ' Did you sleep well last night?' asked the hostess.
……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
5. ' Have you been here long?' the other students asked him.
……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
6. ' Can you tell me why Paul left the university without taking his degree?' Paul's
sister asked.
……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
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7. ' Are there any letters for me?' said Mary.

……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
8. ' Will it be all right if I come a little later tonight?' asked the girl.
………………………………………………………………………

1. He asked them --------------.
A. help him B. should help him C. to help him D. help to him
2. She said that she -------------- there the year before.
A. went B. had gone C. would go D. goes
3. Peter asked Jane why -------------- the film on T.V the previous night.
A. didn’t she watch B. hadn’t she watched
C. she doesn’t watch D. she hadn’t watched
4. They said they -------------- us if we needed.
A. help B. helped C. would help D. had helped
5. He advised them -------------- in class.
A. to not talk B. not to talk C. to talk not D. don’t talk
6. She said to us “Don’t be late again”.
A. She said us not to be late again. B. She told us to be not late again.
C. She told to us not to be late again. D. She told us not to be late again.
7. “John shouldn’t have behaved so badly.”, said Janet.
A. Janet doesn't like John's behaviors. B. Janet was angry with John.
C. Janet disliked John. D. Janet objected to John's behaviors.
8. John said “You had better not lend them any money, Daisy”.
A. John said Daisy not to lend them any money.
B. John advised Daisy should not lend any money.
C. John said to Daisy not lend them any money.
D. John advised Daisy not to lend them any money.
9. “I’m sorry I have to leave so early’, he said.
A. He apologized for having to leave early. B. He apologized to have to leave early.
C. He apologized that he has to leave early D. He apologized to have left early.
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10. “Can I borrow your pen please, Sam?”, said Gillian.

A. Gillian asked Sam if she can borrow his pen.
B. Gillian asked Sam if she could borrow his pen.
C. Gillian asked Sam she can borrow his pen.
D. Gillian asked Sam she could borrow his pen.
11. “Where did you go last night, Nam?”, said Hoa
A. Hoa said to Nam where had he gone the night before.
B. Hoa said to Nam where he had gone the night before.
C. Hoa told Nam where he had gone last night.
D. Hoa asked Nam where he had gone the night before.
12. “What were you doing last night, Mr. John?” The police asked.
A. The police asked what were you doing last night, Mr. John.
B. The police asked Mr. John what he had been doing the night before.
C. The police asked Mr. John what had he been done the night before.
D. The police asked Mr. John what he had done the night before.
13. Some one was wondering if the taxi -------------- yet.
A. has arrived B. arrived C. arrives D. had arrived
14. The government has announced that taxes --------------.
A. would be raised B. had been raised C. were raised D. will be raised
15. Some one -------------- the tickets are free.
A. said me B. said me that C. told to me D. told me
16. He said he would do it --------------.
A. yesterday B. the following day C. the previous day D. the day before
17. He proved that the earth -------------- round the Sun.
A. had gone B. was going C. goes D. would go
18. I told you -------------- the computer, didn’t I?
A. to switch off B. don’t switch off C. not switch off D. switch off
19. Claire wanted to know what time --------------.
A. do the banks close B. the banks closed C. did the banks close D. the banks would close
20. Ann -------------- and left.
A. said good bye B. said me good bye C. told me good bye D. goodbye me
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PRACTICE TEST: Unit 3 – WAYS OF SOCIALIZING

I. Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.
1. a. attract b. person c. signal d. instance
2. a. verbal b. suppose c. even d. either
3. a. example b. consider c. several d. attention
4. a. situation b. appropriate c. informality d. entertainment
5. a. across b. simply c. common d. brother
II. Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence, substitutes
the underlined part, or has a close meaning to the original one.
6. She is a kind of woman who does not care much of work but generally _______
only with colleagues for meals, movies or late nights at a club.
a. supposes b. socializes c. attention d. discussed
7. I didn't think his comments were very appropriate at the time.
a. correct b. right c. exact d. suitable
8. You should _______ more attention to what your teacher explains.
a. make b. get c. set d. pay
9. Body language is a potent form of _______ communication.
a. verbal b. non-verbal c. tongue d. oral
10. Our teacher often said, "Who knows the answer? _______ your hand."
a. Rise b. Lift c. Raise d. Heighten
11. This is the instance where big, obvious non-verbal signals are appropriate.
a. situation. B. attention c. place d. matter
12. They started, as _______ gatherings but they have become increasingly formalized
in the last few years.
a. informal b. informally c. informalize d. informality
13. Children who are isolated and lonely seem to have poor language and ________.
a. communicate b. communication c. communicative d. communicator
14. The lecturer explained the problem very clearly and is always _______ in response to questions.
a. attention b. attentive c. attentively d. attentiveness
15. Pay more attention _______ picture and you can find out who is the robber.
a. to b. for c. at d. on
16. She looked _______ me, smiling happily and confidently.
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a. on b. over c. forward d. at
17. - What an attractive hair style you have got, Mary!
- _______
a. Thank you very much. I am afraid b. You are telling a lie
c. Thank you for your compliment d. I don't like your sayings
18. In _______ most social situations, _______ informality is appreciated.

a. Ø / Ø b. the / an c. a / the d. the / a
19. – What _____ beautiful dress you are wearing!
- Thank you. That is _______ nice compliment.
a. a / a b. the / Ø c. Ø / Ø d. the / the
20. ____ you wanted to ask your teacher a question during his lecture, what would you do?
a. As b. As if c. Even of d. Suppose
21. John asked me _______ in English.
a. what does this word mean b. what that word means
c. what did this word mean d. what that word meant
22. The mother told her son _______ so impolitely.
a. not behave b. not to behave c. not behaving d. did not behave
23. She said she _______ collect it for me after work.
a. would b. did c. must d. had
24. She said I _______ an angel.
a. am b. was c. were d. have been
25. I have ever told you he _______ unreliable.
a. is b. were c. had been d. would be
26. I told him _____ the word to Jane somehow that I _____ to reach her during the early hours.
a. passing / will try b. he will pass / tried
c. to pass / would be trying d. he passed / have tried
27. Laura said she had worked on the assignment since _______.
a. yesterday b. two days ago c. the day before d. the next day
28. John asked me _______ interested in any kind of sports.
a. if I were b. if were I c. if was I d. if I was
29. I _______ you everything I am doing, 'and you have to do the same.
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a. will tell b. would tell c. told d. was telling

30. John asked me _______ that film the night before.
a. that I saw b. had I seen c. if I had seen d. if had I seen

31. According to Mehrabian in1971, only 7% of the information we
communicate to others depends upon the words saying; 93% of that
depends on nonverbal communication.
32. Body language is quiet and secret, but most powerful language of all.
33. Our bodies send out messages constantly and sometimes we do not recognize that
we are using many nonverbal language.
34. Our understanding and use of non-verbal cues in facial expressions and gestures
are familiar to us nearly in birth.
35. A person's body postures, movements but positions more often tell us exactly what
they mean.
Communication in general is process of sending and receiving messages that enables
humans to share knowledge, attitudes, and skills. Although we usually identify
communication with speech, communication is composed of two dimensions - verbal
and nonverbal.
Nonverbal communication has been defined as communication without words. It
includes apparent behaviors such as facial expressions, eyes, touching, tone of voice,
as well as less obvious messages such as dress, posture and spatial distance between
two or more people.
Activity or inactivity, words or silence all have message value: they influence others
and these others, in turn, respond to these communications and thus they are
communicating.
Commonly, nonverbal communication is learned shortly after birth and practiced and
refined throughout a person's lifetime. Children first learn nonverbal expressions by
watching and imitating, much as they learn verbal skills.
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Young children know far more than they can verbalize and are generally more adept at
reading nonverbal cues than adults are because of their limited verbal skills and their
recent reliance on the nonverbal to communicate. As children develop verbal skills,
nonverbal channels of communication do' not cease to exist although become
entwined in the total communication process.
36. According to the writer, ________.

a. Nonverbal language is only used by the deaf and the mute.
b. One cannot communicate in both verbal and .nonverbal language.
c. Those who can listen and talk should not use nonverbal language.
d. People communicate with both verbal and nonverbal language.
37. Which is not included in nonverbal communication?
a. words b. spatial distance c. facial expressions d. tone of voice
38. We can learn from the text that ________.
a. nonverbal can never get any responses
b. most people do not like nonverbal communication
c. even silence has message value
d. touching is not accepted in communicating
39. Human beings ________.
a. have learnt how to communicate in nonverbal language through books
b. can communicate in nonverbal language only when they are mature
c. have learnt how to communicate in nonverbal language since a child
d. communicate in nonverbal language much less than they do in verbal language
40. The word reading has a close meaning to ________.
a. looking at the words that are written b. understanding
c. saying something aloud d. expressing
Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.

Researchers in communication show that more feelings and intentions are (41)
_______ and received nonverbally than verbally. Mehrabian and Wienerfollowing
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have stated that only 7% (42) _______ message is sent through words, with remaining
93% sent nonverbal (43) _______.
Humans use nonverbal communication because:
1. Words have limitations: There are (44) _______ areas where nonverbal
communication is more (45) _______ than verbal, especially when we explain the
shape, directions, personalities which are expressed nonverbally.
2. Nonverbal signal are powerful: Nonverbal cues primarily express inner (46)
_______ while verbal messages deal basically with outside world.
3. Nonverbal message are likely (47) _______ more genuine: because nonverbal
behaviors cannot be controlled as easily as spoken words.
4. Nonverbal signals can express feelings inappropriate to state: Social etiquette
limits (48) _______ can be said, but nonverbal cues can communicate thoughts.
5. A separate communication channel is necessary to (49) _______ send complex
messages: A speaker can add enormously to the complexity of the verbal message
through simple nonverbal (50) _______
41. a. sent b. posted c. mailed d. thrown

42. a. through b. in c. of d. for
43. a. thought b. expressions c. gestures d. postures
44. a. sum b. great deal c. amount d. numerous
45. a. effect b. effective c. effectively d. effectiveness
46. a. feelings b. words c. shows d. sorrows
47. a. be b. being c. to be d. been
48. a. what b. that c. why d. when
49. a. get b. have c. make d. help
50. a. signs b. signals c. sight d. signatures

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Unit 4:
SCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM
A. READING:
I. Warm-up: Types of schools in America:
-state school ['steit,sku:l] = public school ['pʌblik'sku:l] : a school that is paid for by
the government and provides free education : trường công
-private school ['praivit sku:l]: a school that receives no money from the government
so that you have to pay for the tuition fees : trường tư
-boarding school ['bɔ:diη'sku:l] : a school where children can live during the school
year: trường nội trú ≠ day school: trường bán trú
-nursery school ['nə:sri'sku:l] = kindergarten ['kində,gɑ:tn]: for children 2-5: mẫu giáo
-elementary school [,eli'mentəri,sku:l] = primary school ['praiməri,sku:l]: for children 6-11: tiểu học
-junior high school ['dʒu:njə]: for children 11-14: THCS
-high school ['hai'sku:l]: for children 14-18: THPT
-university [,ju:ni'və:səti]: an institution at the highest level of education where you
can study for a degree or do research: đại học
-college ['kɔlidʒ] : a university where students can study for a degree after they have
left school: cao đẳng, đại học
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- graduate school ['grædʒuət] : a part of a college or university where you can study
for a second or further degree: trường đào tạo sau đại học
- vocational school [vou'kei∫ənl] : a school that teaches skills that are necessary for
particular jobs: trường nghề
II. VOCABULARY:
- academic [,ækə'demik] (a): connected with education (in schools and universities):
thuộc (sự giảng dạy hoặc học tập ở) nhà trường
Ex: The academic year begins in September.
-divide [di'vaid] (v) to split sth into different parts; to share: phân chia
division [di'viʒn] (n): sự phân chia, phép chia
Ex: A sentence can be divided into different parts.
divide (sth) by sth: chia bởi
Ex:- 30 divided by 6 is 5 (30 ÷ 6 = 5).
- the division of the population into age groups
-compulsory [kəm'pʌlsəri] (a) that must be done: bắt buộc # optional: tự chọn
Ex: - It is compulsory for all motorcyclists to wear helmets.
- English is a compulsory subject.
-separate ['seprət] (v) to divide; to make sth different from sth else: tách ra, phân chia
separate (a) different ; not connected: riêng biệt, phân tách
separation [,sepə'rei∫n] (n) division: sự phân chia
Ex: - It is impossible to separate belief from emotion.
- Somehow we got separated in the crowd.
- They slept in separate rooms.
- They were reunited after a separation of more than 20 years.
-core [kɔ:] (n) an essential part of sth: điều cốt lõi
core (a): essential: cốt lõi, quan trọng
Ex: - Concern for the environment is at the core of our policies.
core subjects such as English and Mathematics: môn học chính
- curriculum [kə'rikjuləm] (n) the subjects that are included in a course of study or
taught in a school, college, etc.: chương trình học
 curricula/curriculums [kə'rikjuləm] (pl.)
-fee [fi:](n) an amount of money that you pay for professional services: phí
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 tuition fee học phí), membership fee (phí hội viên), entrance fee (phí vào cổng), etc.
Ex: Does the bank charge a fee for setting up the account?
-schooling ['sku:liη] (n) the education you receive at school: việc học vấn
PHRASES
 be made up of : to be formed by: bao gồm

 at the end (of): refers to he last part of a book, film, class: vào phần cuối của …
Ex: At the end of the meal we had an argument about who should pay for it.
 In the end: finally: sau cùng, rốt cuộc
Ex: We were too tired to cook, so in the end we decided to eat out.
EXERCISE 1: Complete each of the sentences with the correct form of the word in parentheses.
1.The………………year in Viet Nam runs from September to May and is divided into
two terms. (academy)
2. He's a very………………-minded young man. (dependent)
3. There have been a lot of improvements in the state……………system recently. (educate)
4. ………………speaking, it's quite a fair settlement. (general)
5. Is military service………………in your country? (compulsion)
6. How often do you take part in extra-curricular………………? (act)
7. He's an………………student of English. He can speak and write English perfectly
now. (advance)
8. She was………………a medal for bravery (award)
9. Watching television can be very…………… . (education)
10. You have to do well…………… to get into medical school (academy)
11. His …………… towards her was becoming more and more aggressive (behave)
12. Teachers must keep a record of students'……………. (attend)
13. Attendance at my lectures has fallen off……………. (consider)
14. Our school set up a project to …………… the library system (computer)
15. In the final……………, it's a matter of personal choice. (analyze)
16. Over 600 workers were made…………… redundant.(compulsory)
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1. As an _______, Mr. Pike is very worried about the increasing of juvenile delinquency.
a. educate b. education c. educator d. educative
2. In England, primary education is provided by state schools run by the government
and by _______ fee-paying schools.
a. independent b. independently c. depended d. independence
3. The United Nations Secretary-General has often spoken of the need for individual
_______ and human rights in his speeches.
a. free b. freedom c. freely d. freeing
4. He did not do well at school and left with few _______ qualifications.
a. academic b. academy c. academician d. academically
5. The Minister of the Education and Training Department appeared on TV last night
to _______ his new policy.
a. public b. publicly c. publicize d. publicizing
6. He owed his success not to privilege but to self-education and a driving desire for _______.
a. achieve b. achiever c. achievement d. achievable
7. To Vietnamese students, the _______ examination to university is very difficult.
a. require b. requirement c. requiring d. required
8. Despite many recent _______ advances, there are parts where schools are not
equipped with computers.
a. technology b. technological c. technologically d. technologist
9. There is a wide range of _______ in the education system of the USA.
a. select b. selective c. selected d. selection
10. Military is_______ in this country. Every man who reaches the age of 18 has to serve.
in the army for two years.
a. compulsory b. optional c. illegal d. unnecessary
B. PHONETICS:
EXERCISE 1: Choose the word that has the main stress different from that of the others
1. a. education b. compulsory c. academic d. biological
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2. a. secondary b. primary c. category d. certificate

3. a. algebra b. history c. statistics d. chemistry
4. a. geography b. university c. technology d. biology
5. a. essential b. average c. promotion d. deliver
6. a. general b. separate c. system d. curriculum
7. a. expression b. easily c. depression d. disruptive
8. a. mechanic b. chemistry c. cinema d. finally
9. a. typical b. favorite c. division d. organize
10. a. computer b. establish c. business d. remember
C. GRAMMAR: ACTIVE / PASSIVE VOICE (Thể Chủ động/Bị động)
Active Form:
[Thing doing action] + [verb] + [thing receiving action]
Passive Form:
[Thing receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing
action]
Active / Passive Overview:
Active Passive
Simple Once a week, Tom cleans Once a week, the house is

Present the house. cleaned by Tom.
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Present Right now, Sarah is Right now, the letter is being

Continuous writing the letter. written by Sarah.
Simple Past Sam repaired the car. The car was repaired by Sam.
Past The salesman was helping The customer was being helped by
Continuous the customer when the thief the salesman when the thief came
came into the store. into the store.
Present Many tourists have visited That castle has been visited by
Perfect that castle. many tourists.
Present Recently, John has been Recently, the work has been
Perfect doing the work. being done by John.
Continuous
Past Perfect George had repaired Many cars had been repaired
many cars before he by George before he received
received his mechanic's his mechanic's license.
license.
Simple Future Someone will finish the The work will be finished by
WILL work by 5:00 PM. 5:00 PM.
Simple Future Sally is going to make a A beautiful dinner is going to

BE GOING TO beautiful dinner tonight. be made by Sally tonight.
Future At 8:00 PM tonight, John At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes

Continuous will be washing the will be being washed by John.
WILL dishes.
Future Perfect They will have completed The project will have been
WILL the project before the completed before the deadline.
deadline.
Used to Jerry used to pay the bills. The bills used to be paid by
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Jerry.
Future in the I knew John would finish I knew the work would be
Past the work by 5:00 PM. finished by 5:00 PM.
WOULD
Active / Passive formation:

ACTIVE PASSIVE
1. Present and past simple
S + V(-S/ES) S + AM/ IS / ARE
+ PP
S + V2/V-ED S + WAS / WERE
2. Present and past perfect

S + HAS / HAVE S + HAS / HAVE + BEEN + PP
+ PP
S + HAD S + HAD
3. present and past continuous

S + AM/ IS /ARE + V-ING S + AM / IS / ARE + BEING+ PP
S + WAS/WERE S + WAS / WERE
4. modal / future
- will/ can / may / must / should +V will /can/ may/must / should
- would/ could / might + V would/ could/ might + BE + PP
- have to/ used to/ be going to + V have to/ used to/ be going to
 SPECIAL CASES:
1/ Causative: HAVE / GET
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Active: S + HAVE + O (person) + Vbare + O (thing)

GET + to V
Passive: S + HAVE / GET + O (thing) + PP ( + by + O (person) )
Ex: a. I had him repair my bicycle yesterday.
 I had my bicycle repaired yesterday.
b. I get her to make some coffee.
 I get some coffee made.
2/ Perception Verbs: SEE, WATCH, HEAR, NOTICE…
Active: S + V + O + V-inf / V-ing +…

Passive: S’ + be + PP + to inf / V-ing + …
Ex: a. She saw him steal your car.
 He was seen to steal your car.
b. I heard him shouting his children.
 He was heard shouting his children.
3/ Verbs of opinion: SAY, THINK, BELIEVE, REPORT…
Active: S1 + V1 ( + that ) + Clause ( S2 + V2 + O2)

Passive: - It + be + ppV1 ( + that ) + Clause( S2 + V2 + O2)
- S2 + be + PPV1 + to inf … / to have + ppV2 …
Ex: a. People say that he is a famous doctor.
 It is said that he is a famous doctor.
 He is said to be a famous doctor.
b. They thought that the president had died of accident.

 It was thought that the president had died of accident.
 The president was thought to have died of accident.
4/ LET / MAKE:
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Active: S+ make /let + V- infinitive

Passive: S + be+ made/let+ to -V
Ex: a. My mother makes me go home on time.
 I am made to go home on time by my mother.
b. He let me go out.
 I was let to go out.
 I was allowed to go out.
5/ Imperative:
Active: V( Don’t) + Object
Passive: (Don’t ) let + Object + be + pp.
Ex: Sign your name here.
 Let your name be signed here.
EXERCISE 1: Choose the best sentence in the passive voice

1. They gave the job to Amy and Bob.
A) Amy and Bob are given a job. B) A job was given to Amy and Bob.
C) Amy and Bob was given a job. D) A job were given to Amy and Bob.
2. Somebody calls the president every day.
A) The president was called every day. B) The president are called every day.
C) The president is called every day. D) The president were called every day.
3. Last Thursday we pointed a new marketing manager.
A) A new marketing manager is pointed last Thursday.
B) A new marketing manager were pointed last Thursday.
C) A new marketing manager are pointed last Thursday.
D) A new marketing manager was pointed last Thursday.
4. People believed that somebody murdered Miss. Stone.
A) It is said that Miss. Stone was murdered.
B) It were said that Miss. Stone was murdered.
C) It was believed that Miss. Stone was murdered.
D) People believed that Miss. Stone murdered.
5. People think that an apple a day is good for you.
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A) It is thought that an apple a day is good for you.

B) It was thought that an apple a day is good for you.
C) They are thought that an apple a day is good for you.
D) They thought that an apple a day is good for you.
6. They were doing the bedroom on Friday.
A) The bedroom were being done on Friday. B) The bedroom is done on Friday
C) The bedroom was being done on Friday D) The bedroom are done on Friday
7. The mayor is going to open a new airport.
A) A new airport is going to opened by the mayor.
B) A new airport is going to open by the mayor
C) A new airport is going to be opened by the mayor
D) A new airport is going to be open by the mayor
8. If you can’t drive, who is going to drive your car?
A) If you can’t drive, who is going to be driven your car?
B) If you can’t drive, by whom is your car going to be driven?
C) If you can’t drive, whom is your car going to be driven?
D) If you can’t drive, who your car is going to drive?
9. They have painted the walls green.

A) The walls has painted green. B) The green has been painted walls
C) The walls have been painted green D) The walls have painted to green
10. They will finish the work next week.
A) The work will be finish next week. B) The work will be finishing next week.
C) The work will finish next week. D) The work will be finished next week.
11. The teacher should buy the supplies for this class.
A) The supplies should buy the teacher for this class
B) The supplies should buy this class for the teacher
C) The supplies should be bought for this class by the teacher
D) The supplies should be bought for the teacher by this class
12. John will have received the papers by tomorrow.
A) The papers will have been received by John by tomorrow.
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B) The papers will have received John by tomorrow.

C) The papers will have been received John by tomorrow.
D) The papers will have received tomorrow by John.
13. They haven’t decided anything yet.
A) Nothing has been decided yet. B) Anything haven’t been decided yet.
C) Nothing has decided yet. D) Anything have decided yet.
14. Your hair is long. You ought to get it cut.
A) Your long hair needs cutting. B) You ought to have your long hair cut.
C) Your long hair should be cut. D) All are correct.
15. I think Alfred Nobel invented dynamite.
A) It is think that Alfred Nobel invented dynamite.
B) It is thought that Alfred Nobel invented dynamite.
C) Alfred Nobel was invented dynamite by me.
D) Alfred Nobel was thought to invent dynamite by me.

1. I shall be glad when he________
A. has gone B. did go C. went D. had gone
2. Ask her to come ad see me when she ________ her work.
A. finish B. has finished C. finished D. finishing
3. After you finish your work, you________ a break.
A. should take B. have taken C. might have taken D. takes
4. Oil________ if you pour it on water
A. floated B. floats C. will be floated D. float
5. When he returned home, he found the door________.
A. unlocking B. unlocked C. to be unlocked D. have unlocked
6. That dancing club________ north of the city
A. lays B. lies C. locates D. lain
7. Almost everyone________ for home by the time we arrived.
A. leave B. left C. leaves D. had left
8. By the age of 25, he ________ two famous novels.
A. wrote B. writes C. has written D. had written
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9. While her husband was in the army, Janet________ to him twice a week.
A. was writing B. wrote C. was written D. had written
10. I couldn't cut the grass because the machine_______ a few days previously.
A. broken down B. has been broken C. had broken down D. breaks down
11. That book ______ by a famous author.
A. wrote B. was written C. is writing D. has written
12. I _____ by Alan’s knowledge about art.
A. don’t be impressed B. isn’t impressed C. am not impressed D. can’t be impressed
13. The pollution in the city ______ Tim’s breathing.
A. was affecting B. will affect C. was being affected D. will be affecting
14. That airplane ______ by a student pilot.
A. is flying B. is being flied C. is being flown D. is being flew
15. New evidence ______by the city attorney.
A. has be discovered B. has been discovered C. are discovered D. will be discovered
16. A special committee_____ the dispute
A. is going to settle B. is going to be settled
C. going to settling D. will going be settled
17. You _____ by my secretary next week.
A. will notify B. will be notified C. would notify D. is going to notified
18. At one time the entire world _______by dinosaurs.
A. has ruled B. was ruled C. will be ruled D. was ruling
19. Mark ____ a lot by his friends, isn't he?
A. is influenced B. is influencing C. isn't influenced D. isn't influencing
20. A few days ago, Tom's car ________ by one of the teenagers in his
neighbourhood.
A. was stealing B. was stole C. has been stolen D. was stolen
21. The wheel _____ thousands of years ago.
A. invented B. was invented C. is invented D. has invented
22. I got upset when I ________ in the middle of my story.
A. interrupted B. has interrupted C. was being interrupted D. was interrupted
23. Pencils _____ at the test, so please bring your own.
A. are provided. B. will be provided
66
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C. won’t be provided D. shall not be provided

24. Jack _____ the news immediately. If you don't do it, I will.
A. ought to be told B. ought to told C. ought tell D. ought to have told
25. The prisoner is thought ____ be climbing over the wall.
A. to escape B. has been escaped C. to have escaped D. had escaped
26. Tom has just had a telephone____ in his room.
A. install B. installed C. to install D. installing
27. They recommended that a hotel ____ on the edge of the lake.
A. should be built B. must be built C. was built D. could be build
28. He dislikes _____ what to do.
A. people tell him B. being told C. to be told D. they telling him
29. The music at the party was very loud and _____ from far away.
A. can hear B. could hear C. can be heard D. could be heard
30. I still can’t believe it! My bicycle_____last night.
A. was stolen B. was stealing C. stolen D. stole
PRACTICE TEST: Unit 4 – SCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM

I. Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest
1. a. general b. applicant c. usually d. October
2. a. parallel b. dependent c. educate d. primary
3. a. physical b. achievement c. government d. national
4. a. eleven b. history c. nursery d. different
5. a. academic b. historical c. geography d. biology
II. Choose the best option
6. Tommy left high school _______ the age _______ seventeen.
a. at / of b. in / for c. on / with d. of / in
7. The academic year in Vietnam is over _______ the end _______ May.
a. from / in b. for / on c. on / in d. at / of
8. In _____ most countries, it is compulsory for children to receive primary education.
9. Over _______ past few decades, _______ schools in the USA have been testing
various arrangements.
67
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a. the / Ø b. Ø / Ø c. a / the d. Ø / the

10. As an _____, Mr. Pike is very worried about the increasing of juvenile delinquency.
a. educate b. education c. educator d. educative
11. In England, primary education is provided by state schools run by the government
and by _______ fee-paying schools.
a. independent b. independently c. depended d. independence
12. The United Nations Secretary-General has often spoken of the need for individual
_______ and human rights in his speeches.
a. free b. freedom c. freely d. freeing
13. A/an _______ is an official document stating that you have passed an
examination, completed a course, or .achieved some necessary qualifications.
a. certificate b. requirement c. education d. test
14. Peter is trying his best to study in hope that he will _______ fame and fortune in
the near future.
a. lose b. run c. move d. achieve
15. _______ is the study of the events of the past.
a. Geography b. History c. Arts d. Literature
16. She was the first in her family to enjoy the privilege of a university _____.
a. schedule b. education c. science d. technology
17. English is an important _______ that is required in several national examinations.

a. language b. test c. evaluation d. subject
18. _______ is the study of the Earth's physical features and the people, plants, and
animals that live in different regions of the world.
a. Science b. Geography c. History d. Technology
19. Bicycles _______ in the driveway.
a. must not leave b. must not be leaving
c. must not be left d. must not have left
20. Beethoven's Fifth Symphony _______ next weekend.
a. is going to be performed b. has been performed
c. will be performing d. will have performed
21. Reagan _______ an actor years ago.
68
__________________________________________________________________________________
a. is said to be b. was said being

c. was said have been d. is said to have been
22. I hate _______ personal questions by newly-acquainted friends.
a. to be asking b. to be asked c. being asking d. of asking
23. It _______ that learning a foreign language _______ a lot of time.
a. says / is taken b. is saying / has been taken
c. is said / takes d. was said / was taken
24. All bottles _______ before transportation.
a. frozen b. were froze c. were frozen d. are froze
25. The trees _______.
a. were grown by John yesterday in the backyard
b. were grown in the backyard by John yesterday
c. were grown in the backyard yesterday by John
d. in the backyard were grown yesterday by John
26. _______ yet?
a. Have the letters been typed b. Have been the letters typed
c. Have the letters typed d. Had the letters typed
27. English has become a second language in countries like India, Nigeria or
Singapore where ______ for administration, broadcasting and education.
a. is used b. it is used c. used d. being used
28. The telephone _______ by Alexander Graham Bell.
a. is invented b. is inventing c. invented d. was invented
29. Lots of houses _______ by the earthquake.
a. are destroying b. destroyed c. were destroying d. were destroyed
30. In the US the first stage of compulsory education _______ as elementary education.
a. to be generally known b. is generally known
c. generally known d. is generally knowing

69
__________________________________________________________________________________
31. The education children are received during their primary years is crucial for both
their personal development and their country as a whole.
32. The major goals of primary education is to achieve basic literacy and numeracy
among all students.
33. It is primary education that establishes foundations in science geography, history,
as well other social sciences for young students.
34. Most parents prefer an education system which offers the children Widest study
options in the world.
35. The purpose of secondary education is to give common knowledge and to prepare
for either higher education and vocational education.
The American education system requires that students complete 12 years of primary and secondary education
prior to attending university or college. This may be accomplished either at public or government-operated
schools, or at private schools. These 12 years of schooling or their equivalent may also be completed outside the
USA, thus giving foreign students the opportunity to pursue the benefits of the American education system and
obtain a quality American education. Perhaps one of the most impressive facts is that a large number of
presidents, prime ministers and leaders from other countries have experienced the American education system
and graduated from a university or school in the USA. In many fields and industries, the American education
system offers the most cutting-edge, sought-after programs at the world's best schools. That is why graduating
from an accredited American school and being exposed to the rigors of the American education system is an
investment in your future.
Whether you want to study at a top USA university, a top USA college, a vocational or high school, a thorough
understanding of how the American education system works is essential. Without a clear grasp of the
American education system, an international student will find it difficult to make the right academic choices. It is
no surprise that the American education system and the American school system host more international
students than any other country in the world!
36. The expression government-operated could best be replaced by _____.
a. independent b. state c. vocational d. boarding
37. According to the text, students in the USA _______.
a. are made to take primary and secondary education in the country
b. are not necessarily take primary and secondary education in the country
70
__________________________________________________________________________________
c. spend less than 12 years for primary and secondary education

d. needn't take primary and secondary education
38. The writer _______ the US education.
a. appreciates b. underestimates c. overstates d. dislikes
39. Which is true?
a. The US education is not good enough for foreign students.
b. Foreign students are not offered opportunities in the US:
c. There are not many foreign students in the US.
d. Many leaders all over the world have studied in the US.
40. What is the writer's advice?

a. International students should not invest their future education in the US.
b. International students should not study at a top USA university, a top USA college,
a vocational or high school.
c. Without a clear grasp of the American education system, an international student
can make the right academic choices
d. International students should have a thorough understanding of how the American
education system works before going there to study.
Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.

Children in (41) _____ Netherlands must be at least four years old to (42) _____ primary
education. Almost all 4-year-olds (99.3%) in the country indeed attend primary school, (43)
_____ this is not compulsory until children reach the age (44) _____ 5. Primary school is free
of charge. In most schools, children are grouped by (45) _____ in mixed ability classes, with
one teacher for all subjects. Primary school (46) _____ of 8 groups, thus schooling (47)
_____ for 8 years. During the first two years, which (48) _____ kindergarten, children
receive an average of 22 hours of (49) _____, during the last 6 years children receive an
average of 25 hours per week. Schools are open 5 days a week, but children are free on
Wednesday afternoon. At the end of primary school, or in group 8, schools advice on
secondary school choice. Most schools use a national test to support this advice, for instance
the 'Citotoets’, a test (50) ____ by the Central Institute for Test development.
71
__________________________________________________________________________________
41. a. a b. an c. the d. Ø
42. a. afford b. enter c. come d. run
43. a. although b. despite c. in spite d. due to
44. a. of b. on c. in d. for
45. a. old b. elderly c. aging d. age
46. a. includes b. contains c. consists d. composes
47. a. spends b. lasts c. lengthens d. takes
48. a. also called b. is also called c. is called also d. is also calling
49. a. educate b. educative c. educator d. education
50. a. develop b. to develop c. developed d. developing

Table of English Tenses
Affirmative/N Signal
Tense egative/ Use Words
(Thì / Thời) Question (Cách sử dụng) (Dấu hiệu
(Thể ) nhận biết)
Simple  1. Habitual or everyday activities. (thói
A: He speaks. always,
Present N: He does quen, hành động lặp đi lặp lại hàng ngày) every …,
72
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(Hiện tại not speak.  Ex: He always eats a sandwich for lunch. never,
đơn) Q: Does he  - We often go to school by bus. normally,
speak?  2. facts (sự thật hiển nhiên) often,
 Ex: Water consists of hydrogen and seldom,
oxygen. sometimes,
 3. action set by a timetable or schedule usually
 (hành động theo thời khóa biểu, lịch trình) if sentences
 Ex: That shop opens at 8a.m. and type I (If I
closes at 8 p.m. talk, …)
Present A: He is  1. action taking place in the moment at the
Progressive speaking. of speaking moment,
[Present N: He is not  (hành động đang xảy ra ngay lúc nói) at this time,
Continuous] speaking.  Ex: John is sleeping right now. just,
(Hiện tại tiếp Q: Is he  2. action taking place only for a limited just now,
diễn) speaking? period of time now,
 (hành động đang xảy ra trong một right now,
khoản thời gian nhất định) today, this
 Ex: She is writing another book this (week /
summer. month / year)
 3. action arranged for the future Listen!,
(kế hoạch tương lai) Look!,
 Ex: He’s getting married next month.
Simple A: He spoke. 1. action in the past taking place once, yesterday,
Past N: He did not never or several times 2 minutes
(Quá khứ speak.  (hành động xảy ra một lần, vài lần ago, in 1990,
đơn) Q: Did he hoặc không xảy ra trong quá khứ) yesterday,
speak?  Ex: I visited London 5 years ago. the other
 2. actions taking place one after day,
another last Friday
 (hành động lặp đi lặp lại trong quá if sentences
khứ) type II (If I
 Ex: The man often went fishing when he was talked, …)
73
__________________________________________________________________________________
young.
 3. action taking place in the middle of
another action
(hành động cắt ngang hành động khác)
 Ex: I was riding to school this morning when
it rained.
Past A: He was  1. action going on at a certain time when, while,
Progressive speaking. in the past as soon as
(Quá khứ N: He was  (hành động đang xảy ra tại một
tiếp diễn) not speaking. thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ)
Q: Was he  Ex: I was sleeping at 11p.m last night.
speaking?  2. actions taking place at the
same time
 (nhiềuhànhđộngđangxảyracùnglúctrong
quákhứ)
 Ex: While I was sleeping, my father
was working on the computer.
 3. action in the past that is
interrupted by another action
 (hành động đang xảy ra trong quá
khứ và bị cắt ngang bởi hành động khác)
 Ex: While my father was working on
the computer, he heard a strange noise.
Present A: He has  1. putting emphasis on the already,
Perfect spoken. result (nhấn mạnh kết quả của hành ever, just,
(Hiện tại N: He has not động) never, yet,
hoàn thành) spoken.  Ex: We have done 4 tests so far. not yet,
Q: Has he  2. action that is still going on (hành recently,
spoken? động kéo dài từ quá khứ đến hiện tại) lately,
 Ex: We have been here for two weeks. so far,
 3. finished action that has an influence on till now,
the present up to now,
74
__________________________________________________________________________________
 (hành động đã kết thúc nhưng several

kết quả còn ảnh hưởng đến hiện tại) times, since,
Ex: Alice has grown three feet. for
 4. action that stopped recently
 (hành động vừa mới kết thúc)
 Ex: The manager has just gone out.
 5. action that has taken place once,
never or several times before the moment of
speaking
 (hành động đã hoặc chưa từng xảy
ra trước thời điểm nói - thời gian không xác
định)
 Ex: I have already seen that film.
Present A: He has  1. putting emphasis on the course or all day,
Perfect been duration (not the result) - (nhấn mạnh sự kéo for 4 years,
Progressive speaking. dài, diễn biến của hành động) since 1993,
(Hiện tại 
N: He has not Ex: We have been living here for 10 how long?,
hoàn thành been years. the whole
tiếp diễn) speaking.  - He has been working for this company week
Q: Has he since 2000. Note: live,
been 2. sometimes interchangeable with work, study,
speaking? ppresent perfect. (đôi khi có thể dùng teach, wait ...
thì hiện tại hoàn thành)
Past A: He had  1. action taking place before a certain already, just,

Perfect spoken. time in the past never,
(Quá khứ 
N: He had not (hành động xảy ra trước một thời not yet, once,
hoàn thành) spoken. điểm nào đó hoặc một hành động khác trong until that day
Q: Had he quá khứ) if sentences
spoken?  Ex: Sam had already left before Ann type III
arrived. (If I had
75
__________________________________________________________________________________
 = Ann arrived after Sam had already left. talked, …)

 2. sometimes interchangeable with past Note:
perfect progressive - before / by
 (đôi khi có thể dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp the time + S.
diễn) Past
- after +
Past Perfect
Past Perfect A: He had  1. An activity that was in progress for, since,
Progressive been before another event or time in the past (hành the whole
(Quá khứ speaking. động kéo dài, liên tục trước một hành động khác day, all day
hoàn thành N: He had not hoặc một thời điểm trong quá khứ)
tiếp diễn) been  Ex: Peter finally came at 6 o’clock. I
speaking. had been waiting for him since 4.30.
Q: Had he  - When Judy got home, her hair was
been still wet because she had been
speaking? swimming.
2. sometimes interchangeable with past perfect
(đôi khi có thể dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành )
Future A: He will  1. action in the future that cannot be in a year,
Simple speak. influenced next …,
(Tương lai N: He will  (hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai) tomorrow
đơn) not speak.  Ex: She will go abroad to study If sentences
Q: Will he when she graduates from high school. type I – main
speak?  2. spontaneous decision (quyết định clause
tức thời) (If you ask her,
 Ex: The phone is ringing. I’ll get it. she will help
3. assumption with regard to the future you.)
 (giả thiết liên quan tới tương lai) -assumption: I
 Ex: Perhaps, it will rain tomorrow. think,
probably,
we might …,
perhaps
76
__________________________________________________________________________________
Future A: He is  1. decision made for the future in one year,

Simple going to  (quyết định cho tương lai) next week,
(Dự định, kế speak.  Ex: She’s going abroad in one year. tomorrow
hoạch tương N: He is not  2. conclusion with regard to the
lai) going to speak. future
(going to) Q: Is he  (kết luận liên quan tới tương lai)
going to  Ex: It’s so cloudy. It’s going to rain.
speak?
Future A: He will be 1. action that is going on at a certain time in one year,
Progressive speaking. in the future next week,
(Tương lai N: He will  (hành động sẽ đang xảy ra tại một thời tomorrow
tiếp diễn) not be điểm nào đó trong tương lai)
speaking.  Ex: What will you be doing at 2p.m next
Q: Will he be Sunday?
speaking?  2. action that is sure to happen in the
near future
 (hành động chắc chắn sẽ xảy ra trong
tương lai gần)
 Ex: I will be studying at university at this time next
year.
Future 
A: He will have 1. action that will be finished at a by Monday,
Perfect spoken. certain time in the future (hành động sẽ in a week
(Tương lai N: He will not hoàn tất tại một thời điểm nào đó trong
hoàn thành) have spoken. tương lai)
 Ex: By next June, I will have finished
Q: Will he have
spoken? the final exam.
Future A: He will have 1. putting emphasis on the course of for …,
Perfect been speaking. an action taking place before a certain time in the last
Progressive N: He will not the future couple of
(Tương lai have been  (nhấn mạnh diễn biến của hành động hours,
hoàn thành speaking. sẽ đang xảy ra trước một thời điểm nào đó all day long
tiếp diễn) Q: Will he have trong tương lai)
77
__________________________________________________________________________________
been speaking?  Ex: I will have been studying at this

school for 3 years by June, 2010.
Note: Non-Progressive verbs

(Một số động từ không sử dụng với các thì tiếp diễn)
 THOUGHT: know – realize – understand – recognize – believe – suppose –
need – want – desire
 FEELING: love – like – appreciate – please – prefer – hate – dislike – fear –
astonish – amaze – surprise – seem
 POSSESSION: possess – own – belong – have
 PERCEPTION: taste – hear – smell – feel – see
English tenses - Diagram
Verb Tense Overview with Examples
Simple Present Simple Past Simple Future

If you are having problems,
I will help you study
English.
Two years ago, I studied
I study English every day.
English in England.
I am going to study English
next year.
78
__________________________________________________________________________________
Present Continuous Past Continuous Future Continuous

I will be studying English
when you arrive tonight.
I was studying English
I am studying English
when you called I am going to be studying
now.
yesterday. English when you arrive
tonight.
Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect

I will have studied every
tense by the time I finish
this course.
I have studied English in I had studied a little
several different English before I moved
I am going to have studied
countries. to the U.S.
every tense by the time I
finish this course.
Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect

Continuous Continuous Continuous
I will have been studying
English for over two hours by
I had been studying the time you arrive.
I have been studying English for five years
English for five years. before I moved to the I am going to have been
U.S. studying English for over two
hours by the time you arrive.
79

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LE THI HONG GAM HIGH SCHOOL English 12 – Semester 1

Household chores Mu Dad You Brother Sister

9. What is the daughter attempting to do after secondary school?

3. frankly e c. oppose phản đối

EXERCISE 3: Choose the best option

A. Spelling of Verbs and Nouns ending in –s and –es

B. Pronunciation of Verbs and Nouns Ending in –s and –es

go  goes boy  boys

1. /s/ chores brothers shifts

EXERCISE 2: Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently

C. GRAMMAR: VERB TENSES

EXERCISE 2: Choose the best answer

A. has lived B. is living C. was living D.has been

7. He has been selling motorbikes ________.

16. The little girl asked what _______ to her friend.

PRACTICE TEST: Unit 1 - HOMELIFE

B. Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.

41. a. that b. why c. when d. which

Ex: In England, turkey is traditionally eaten on Christmas Day.

confident OF/ABOUT sth/sb: tự tin

a. romance b. romantic c. romantically d. romanticize

B. PHONETICS: PRONUNCIATION OF VERBS ENDING IN –ED

EXERCISE 2: Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently

C. GRAMMAR: ENGLISH TENSES

EXERCISE 2: Rewrite each of the following sentences, beginning as shown, so

4. During the English lesson, the lights went out.

5. How long have they lived in this neighborhood?

22. The grass was yellow because it _______ all summer.

III. Error identification.

of relationship into existence.

36. A spouse should ________.

V. Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.

41. a. in b. for c. on d. during

sign [sain] (n/v): biển hiệu, biển báo

EXERCISE 1: Check the antonym of the words below. Circle either a or b

EXERCISE 2: Supply the correct form of the word in brackets

8. This type of behavior is no longer …………………acceptable. (society)

B. PHONETICS: Rules of Word Stress in English

There are two very simple rules about word stress:

1. Stress on first syllable

Most 2-syllable nouns PRESent, EXport, CHIna, TAble

Most 2-syllable adjectives PRESent, SLENder, CLEVer, HAPpy

2. Stress on last syllable

Most 2-syllable verbs to preSENT, to exPORT, to deCIDE, to beGIN

3. Stress on penultimate syllable (penultimate = second from end)

Words ending in -ic GRAPHic, geoGRAPHic, geoLOGic

Words ending in -sion and -tion teleVIsion, reveLAtion

4 Stress on ante-penultimate syllable (ante-penultimate = third from end)

Words ending in -cy, -ty, -phy deMOcracy, dependaBIlity, phoTOgraphy,

Words ending in -al CRItical, geoLOGical

5 Compound words (words with two parts)

For compound adjectives, the stress is on the bad-TEMpered, old-

For compound verbs, the stress is on the second to underSTAND, to

EXERCISE 1: What syllable is stressed?

First syllable Second syllable Third syllable Fourth syllable

important, physical, marriage, prepare, different, determine,

C. GRAMMAR: REPORTED SPEECH

I. Thay đổi về thì trong câu:

Simple future – will + V1 Future in the past - would + V1

II. Thay đổi các đại từ nhân xưng:

- Mệnh lệnh khẳng định:

2. STATEMENT (Câu trần thuật)

18. In _ most social situations, _ informality is appreciated.