Discovering Computers 2011: Living in A Digital World

Discovering
Computers 2011
Living in a Digital World
Objectives Overview
Discuss the special Describe and list general

Identify information
information purpose and integrated
systems and software
requirements of an information systems
used in the functional
enterprise-sized used throughout an
units of an enterprise
corporation enterprise
Describe and list types of Describe virtualization,

technologies used cloud computing, and
throughout an enterprise grid computing
See Page 719 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 2

for Detailed Objectives Chapter 14
Objectives Overview
Discuss the Discuss high

computer hardware availability,
needs and solutions scalability, and
for an enterprise interoperability
Determine why
Discuss the steps in
computer backup is
a disaster recovery
important and how
plan
it is accomplished
See Page 719 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 3
for Detailed Objectives Chapter 14
What Is Enterprise Computing?
• Enterprise computing involves the use of computers in networks,

such as LANs and WANs, or a series of interconnected networks
that encompass a variety of different operating systems, protocols,
and network architectures
Pages 720 – 721 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 4

Figure 14-1 Chapter 14
• Types of enterprises include:
Retail Manufacturing Service
Wholesale Government Educational
Transportation
Page 722 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 5

Chapter 14
• Most traditional enterprises are organized in a

hierarchical manner

• In an enterprise, users typically fall into one of

four categories: Executive
Management
Middle
Management
Operational Management
Nonmanagement Employees

• Enterprise information is the information

gathered in the ongoing operations of an
enterprise-sized organization
– Business intelligence
– Business process management
– Business process automation
Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 14, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Business Process
Management below Chapter 14
Pages 725 - 726 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 8
Chapter 14
• Managers coordinate resources by performing

four activities
Planning
Controlling Organizing
Leading

Information Systems in the Enterprise
• An information system is a set of hardware,

software, data, people, and procedures that work
together to produce information

• Functional units within an enterprise might

include: Marketing
Manufacturing Sales
Engineering or
Product Distribution
Development
Human Customer
Resources Service
Accounting Information
and Finance Enterprise Technology

Chapter 14
• Accounting software manages everyday transactions

• Billing software helps the company reconcile purchases
with customer payments
• Financial software helps managers budget, forecast, and
analyze

• A human resources
information system (HRIS)
manages one or more
human resources functions
• Employee relationship
management systems
manage communication
between employees and
the business

then click ERM
below Chapter 14
• Computer-aided design (CAD) uses a computer and

special software to aid in engineering, drafting, and
design
• Computer-aided engineering (CAE) uses computers to
test product designs

• Computer-aided
manufacturing (CAM) is
the use of computers to
control production
equipment
• Computer-integrated
manufacturing (CIM) uses
computers to integrate
the many different
operations of the
manufacturing process

Material Requirements
Planning (MRP) uses
software to help monitor
and control processes
related to production
Manufacturing Resource
Planning II (MRP II) is an
extension of MRP and
also includes software
that helps in scheduling
then click MRP II
below Chapter 14
Chapter 14
A quality control system helps an

organization maintain or improve the
quality of its products or services
A marketing information system serves

as a central repository for the tasks of
a marketing department
Chapter 14
• Sales force automation (SFA) software equips

traveling salespeople with the electronic tools
they need to be more productive

then click SFA
below Chapter 14
• Distribution systems perform the following

functions:
Provide forecasting Manage and track
for inventory shipping of
control products
Provide information
and analysis on
inventory in a
warehouse
Chapter 14
• Customer interaction management (CIM)

software manages the day-to-day interactions
with customers

• The information technology (IT) department makes

technology decisions for the enterprise
– Whether to build or buy new information systems
– When a computer or information system has outlived its useful
life
• Web site management programs collect data designed to
help organizations make informed decisions regarding
their Web presence

then click IT Departments
below Chapter 14
Chapter 14
• General purpose information systems generally

fall into one of five categories
Office Transaction Management

Information Processing Information
System System System
Decision
Support Expert System
System

Chapter 14
• Batch processing vs. online transaction processing

Management Information System Decision Support System

Figures 14-15 – 14-16 Chapter 14

Integrated Information Systems

Customer relationship
Enterprise resource
management manages Content management
planning provides
information about systems are
centralized, integrated
customers, information systems
software to help
interactions with that combine
manage and
customers, past databases, software,
coordinate ongoing
purchases, and and procedures
activities
interests

Chapter 14

then click ERP
below Chapter 14

Enterprise-Wide Technologies and
Methodologies
• Some technologies used in enterprises include:
Electronic
Data
Portals data
warehouses
interchange
Document
Extranets Web services management
systems
Virtual
Click to view Web Link, Workflow private
Link from left navigation, networks
then click Data Centers
below Chapter 14
Chapter 14
Methodologies
• A portal is a collection of links, content, and
services presented on a Web page that are
interesting for a particular job function

Methodologies
• A data warehouse is a huge database that stores
and manages the data required to analyze
historical and current transactions

Methodologies
EDI is a set of standards that controls the transfer

of business data and information among
computers both within and among enterprises
An extranet is the portion of a company’s network

that allows customers or suppliers of a company to
access parts of an enterprise’s intranet

Chapter 14
Methodologies
• Web services allow businesses to create products
and B2B interactions over the Internet

then click Web Services
below Chapter 14
Methodologies
• In a service-oriented architecture, information
systems provide services to other information
systems in a well-defined manner over a network
• A document management system (DMS) allows
for storage and management of a company’s
documents
– Stored in a repository

Chapter 14
Methodologies
• A workflow is a defined process that identifies the
specific set of steps involved in completing a
particular project or business process
– Workflow application

Methodologies
• A virtual private network (VPN) provides mobile
users, vendors, and customers with a secure
connection to the company network server

Virtualization and Cloud Computing
• Virtualization is the practice of sharing or pooling

computing resources
Server • Provides the capability to divide a

physical server logically into many
virtualization virtual servers
Storage • Provides the capability to create a

single logical storage device from
virtualization many physical storage devices
then click Virtualization
below Chapter 14
Chapter 14
Virtualization and Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is an
Internet service that
provides computing
needs to computer
users
Grid computing combines

many servers and/or personal
computers on a network to act
as one large computer

Chapter 14
E-Commerce

Enterprise Hardware
• Enterprise hardware allows large organizations to

manage and store information and data using
devices geared for:
– Heavy use
– Maximum availability
– Maximum efficiency
• RAID duplicates data and
implements duplication
in different ways

Enterprise Hardware
• Network attached storage (NAS) is a server that

provides storage to users and information systems
attached to the network

Figure 14-28a Chapter 14
Enterprise Hardware
• A storage area network (SAN) is a high-speed

network that provides storage to other servers to
which it is attached

then click NAS and SAN
below Chapter 14
Figure 14-28b Chapter 14
Enterprise Hardware
• An enterprise storage
system is a strategy that
focuses on the
availability, protection,
organization, and
backup of storage in a
company
• Goal is to consolidate
storage

Enterprise Hardware
• A blade server packs a

complete computer
server on a single card
(called a blade) rather
than a system unit
• The individual blades
insert in a blade server
chassis
then click Blade Servers
below Chapter 14
Enterprise Hardware
• A thin client is a small terminal-like computer that

mostly relies on a server for data storage and
processing
• The processing for a thin client usually is done on
a server

High Availability, Scalability,
and Interoperability
• A high-availability system continues running and
performing tasks for at least 99 percent of the
time
– May include hot-swapping
and redundant components
• When a component fails, another
component takes over and the
system continues to function

High Availability, Scalability,
and Interoperability
• Scalability is a measure • Interoperability is the
of how well computer ability for an
hardware, software, or information system to
an information system share information with
can grow to meet other information
increasing performance systems within an
demands enterprise

Chapter 14
Backup Procedures

Backup Procedures
• Continuous data protection provides automatic

data backup whenever data is changed in an
enterprise

Backup Procedures
• A disaster recovery plan is a written plan describing the

steps a company would take to restore computer
operations in the event of a disaster
• Contains four major components
Emergency Backup Recovery

Test plan
plan plan plan

then click Disaster Recovery Plan
below Chapter 14
Chapter 14
Video: A Tour of Lucasfilm Data Center
CLICK TO START
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 51

Chapter 14
Summary
Special computing
Various types of
requirements present Large information
users within an
in an enterprise-sized systems
organization
organization
Benefits of Backup procedures

Requirements for
virtualization and present in a large
enterprise hardware
cloud computing organization

Chapter 14
Discovering
Computers 2011
Living in a Digital World
Chapter 14 Complete

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in A Digital World

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Discovering

Discuss the special Describe and list general

Describe and list types of Describe virtualization,

See Page 719 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 2

Discuss the Discuss high

• Enterprise computing involves the use of computers in networks,

Pages 720 – 721 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 4

• Types of enterprises include:

Retail Manufacturing Service

Wholesale Government Educational

Page 722 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 5

• Most traditional enterprises are organized in a

Pages 722 – 723 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 6

• In an enterprise, users typically fall into one of

Page 724 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 7

• Enterprise information is the information

Click to view Web Link,

• Managers coordinate resources by performing

Page 725 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 9

• An information system is a set of hardware,

Page 726 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 10

• Functional units within an enterprise might

Page 727 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 11

• Accounting software manages everyday transactions

Pages 726 – 728 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 12

Click to view Web Link,

• Computer-aided design (CAD) uses a computer and

Pages 728 – 729 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 14

Page 729 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 15

A quality control system helps an

A marketing information system serves

• Sales force automation (SFA) software equips

Click to view Web Link,

• Distribution systems perform the following

• Customer interaction management (CIM)

Page 731 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 20

• The information technology (IT) department makes

Click to view Web Link,

• General purpose information systems generally

Office Transaction Management

Page 732 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 22

• Batch processing vs. online transaction processing

Page 733 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 23

Management Information System Decision Support System

Pages 734 – 735 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 24

Page 736 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 25

Integrated Information Systems

Pages 737 - 739 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 26

Click to view Web Link,

Page 739 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 28

Pages 740 – 741 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 30

Page 741 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 31

EDI is a set of standards that controls the transfer

An extranet is the portion of a company’s network

Page 742 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 32

Click to view Web Link,

Page 743 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 34

Page 744 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 35

Pages 744 – 745 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 36

• Virtualization is the practice of sharing or pooling

Server • Provides the capability to divide a

Storage • Provides the capability to create a