List of electronic/mechanical components and their function in a

PCB/Product:

ELECTRONIC

Resistor
Function:

Electrical component that provides a DC resistance and limits the flow of current in a circuit

Critical Parameters:

Value: Standard values

Size

Wattage: Measured at a specific high temperature

Tolerance: 0.01 to 10%

Temperature range: -55 to 125C

Temperature coefficient:

The temperature coefficient is the relative change of a physical property when the
temperature is changed by 1 Kelvin. A positive temperature coefficient (PTC) refers to materials
that experience an increase in electrical resistance when their temperature is raised. It can be
linear or non-linear.

In the following formula, let R be the physical property to be measured and T be the
temperature at which the property is measured. T0 is the reference temperature, and ΔT is the
difference between T and T0. Finally, α is the (linear) temperature coefficient. Given these
definitions, the physical property is:

Here α has the dimensions of an inverse temperature (1/K or K−1).

Usually expressed in ppm. PPM is used to express very minute or dilute quantities. Just as
‘percent’ means out of a hundred, so parts per million or ppm means out of a million.

Commonly 10 ppm/C (Thin film) to about 200 ppm (Thick film)

Common Types:

Thick film (Most common, several resistances, medium wattage and till 1% tolerance
and temperature coefficient)

Thin film (several resistances, medium wattage and extremely tight 0.01% tolerance)

Carbon composition (High watt but poor tolerance)

Carbon film (Smaller package of carbon composition resistor)

Ceramic (Low resistance, High wattage, tight tolerance)

Metal film (High wattage, several resistance ranges, tight tolerance)

Wirewound (High wattage, low resistance values till 10K, till 1% tolerance)

Packages:

SMD (Single/Arrays) : Package size affects the Rp and Cp stray. Bigger package size has reduced
strays.

Through hole axial

Potentiometer (POT): Variable resistor

Common Applications:

Bleeders
Terminators

Current limiter

Voltage dividers
Pull-ups/Pull-downs

Filters/RC delay timers

 Approximate Cost:

<1cUSD in 100k volumes for 5% or 1% types. Cost increase for extreme tight tolerance
components

Common vendors:

Rohm Semi, Vishay, Yageo, Panasonic

______________________________________________________________________________

Capacitor

Inductor

EMI/ESD solutions: Ferrite bead/CM chokes/ TVS

Fuse

Diode

Varistor/MOV

Varicap

Battery

MOSFET/IGBT…

BJT

Relay

LCD/Displays

LED/Lighting

LDO

FPGA/CPLD

DSP solution
DC-DC

Voltage detector

IC Gates/FFs

IC OPAMP

IC Drivers/Buffers

IC peripherals (USB, SPI, I2C,RS232, LED, Flash…)

IC Memory

Audio : Loudspeaker and Microphone

Opto isolator/coupler

SCR/Thyristor/DIAC/TRIAC

Microcontrollers

Crystal

Oscillator

PCB (Flex,…)

Filters

Buzzer

Transformer

Sensors

Cables (RF, USB, Flat…)

Solder tools

SOFTWARE

Protocols (To HOST/ Between ICs .USB, Ethernet, I2C, Parallel …)

ELECTRO-MECHANICAL

Keypad/Touchscreen

Motor
POGO pin

shrinks, Cable ties

Adhesives

Switches

Rivets, Grommet, Screws, Bolts, Washers

Manufacturing

Potting/ Conformal coat/…..

Certification

FCC/CE/DVT/EVT…