“Learning style in Kindergarten, First to Sixth Grade and

How to Maximize Them”

Disusun Oleh:

Kelompok 1

1. Putu Ika Reshmayanti 1711031036/10

2. Made Dian Supriyani 1711031187/23
Kelas/Semester: F/VII

PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN GURU SEKOLAH DASAR

JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN DASAR
FAKULTAS ILMU PENDIDIKAN
UNIVERSITAS PENDIDIKAN GANESHA
SINGARAJA
2020
 Learning styles and language learning strategies are the two main factors that
help to determine how and how well students master their second or foreign language
(Oxford, 2003). O’Malley & Chamot (1990) emphasized that learning strategies
which consist of some aspects such as focusing on particular aspects of new
information, analyzing and monitoring information, and organizing on new
information during the learning process will be completed or assuring oneself. This
learning process is successful as a way to allay anxiety that leads to students’ learning
achievement (Hardan, 2013). Related to the learning styles, Oxford states that when
students are left independently and not encouraged by teachers or enforced by lessons
to use a specific set of strategies, they naturally will use learning strategies that reflect
their basic learning styles (Oxford, 2003). Oxford also said that teachers can actively
help students “develop” their learning styles by applying strategies that are beyond
their primary style or preferences.a

Every child has different learning preferences. Among the different ways of
learning, some prefer to learn by hearing, some by seeing, others by doing, some by
reading and others by asking questions. One thing all students have in common is that
they all learn best when they can incorporate items and topics that interest them into
their studies, for example, building blocks, music, fashion, airplanes, etc. While there
are different learning styles, your student will likely favor several styles and not just
one. However, you may be able to see patterns in their learning preferences. For
example, a student who is a visual learner may also be a very social and verbal
learner who prefers to learn especially difficult topics using their primary skills.
Understanding how your student learns is perhaps one of the most important.

1. Learning styles according to Dave Meier in his book The Accelerted Learn
a. Visual Learning
Visual learners learn best from visual like images that do not include writing.
Graphs and diagrams are easy for them to understand. They remember faces and
places and tend to recall information by picturing it in their minds. The digital era

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requires the use of information technology in all aspects of life, especially education,
the discourse of using technology will replace the function and role of teachers who
will be replaced with online learning media. The style of learning is a way to receive,
process, remember and apply the information easily. Each student has a way of
learning is different. Student learning styles can be recognized among the learning
styles of visual, auditory and kinesthetic.

b. Auditory Learning Style

Auditory learners learn best through their sense of hearing. This means they
remember and understand new concepts better when they are explained out loud—
even if they’re doing the speaking themselves. They can even better retain knowledge
when new ideas are paired with nonverbal sounds such as music, drum beats or
clapping. Children who are auditory learners often love music and can remember the
words to songs they hear. They can easily follow spoken directions and, if they don’t
understand something, will often say, “Tell me again.” Auditory learners like to read
out loud, rather than silently, even when they’re alone. They would much rather have
someone read a story to them than read it to themselves. The auditory learner’s
understanding is much stronger when their teacher explains something to the class,
rather than when they’re given a reading assignment.

c. Kinesthetic Learning Style

The most physical of all the learning styles, kinesthetic learners absorb
information best through touch, movement and motion. The word kinesthetic refers to
our ability to sense body position and movement. This means that to really
understand something, they need to touch it, feel it and move it around. If your child
means “Let me hold that,” whenever they say “Let me see that,” they’re likely a
kinesthetic learner. They’re the kids who love building sets, model kits and
interactive displays at the children’s museum They often tear things apart just so they
can learn about them. If kinesthetic learners are offered the choice in art class, they’ll
choose modeling clay over pencils or paint. From an early age, they’ll reach for

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books that encourage interaction—pop-ups, little doors that open and close or books
with textures that can be touched or petted.

d. Intellectual Learning

Intellectual development is all about intellectual learning. It is about how

individuals organise their minds, ideas and thoughts to make sense of the world they
live in.  Intellectual skills are defined as the methods an individual can use to evaluate
or organize information and data. One commonly recognized intellectual skill is
critical thinking, which is the ability to analyze and interpret information to assess its
context and validity. Another set of intellectual skills is problem solving. Where
critical thinking involves analyzing and evaluating information, problem solving
involves an individual using intellectual skills to solve ituations she is not familiar
with. While problem solving and critical thinking involve using intellectual skills to
understand and solve exterior information, intellectual skills can also be used
creatively. In fact, some 21st century educational psychologists have modified
Bloom's taxonomy to show creating as the most developed intellectual skill.

e. Somatic Learning
"Somatis" comes from the Greek meaning body-soma (as in psychosomatic).
So learning somatic means learning with sense of touch, kinesthetic, practical -
involving physicality and useand move the body while studying.

Characteristics of Visual, Kinesthetic, Auditory Children’s Learning

Styles
The style of learning is a way to receive, process, remember and apply the
information easily. Each student has a way of learning is different. Student learning
styles can be recognized among the learning styles of visual, auditory and kinesthetic.
Students with a visual learning style learn through what they see, auditory students
learn through what they hear and kinesthetic students learn through movement and
touch. Individual student learning styles tend to have different useful for learning,
processing and communication, according to Bandler and Grinder (in DePorter,

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2000). Every student is not only prone to one learning style, they also utilize a
combination of a particular learning style that gives them a certain natural talents and
shortcomings, according to Markova (in DePorter, 2000). According DePorter (2000)
mentions each of the learning styles as follows:

a. Visual Learning Styles

This learning style access visual images created nor remembered. color,
spatial relations, mental portraits and images stand out in this learning style. Students
were very visual possibly characterized as follows:
 Regularly, pay attention to everything, to keep up appearances
 In view of the image, rather read than read out
 Requires thorough overview and objectives, capturing detail and remember what
they saw.
b. Auditory Learning Styles
These learning styles to access all kinds of sounds and words that created nor
remembered. Music, tone, rhythm, rhyme, internal dialogue and a prominent voice in
this learning style. Students were very auditory can be characterized as follows:
 Attention is split
 Talk to the rhythmic pattern
 Learning by listening and moving the lips / voice while reading
 Dialogue internally and externally
c. Kinestik Learning Styles
These learning styles to access all types of motion and emotion created nor
remembered. Movement, coordination, rhythm, emotional response and physical
comfort prominently in this learning style. Students were very kinesthetic may be
characterized as follows:
 Touching people, stand close together and a lot of moves
 Learning by doing, pointing writing while reading, responding physically
 Given the go and see.

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2. Learning styles according to the ministry of National Education
a. Play With Words
Based on Hiebert and Kamil (2005), stated that vocabulary is the knowledge
of meaning words, vocabulary is useful as a tool for communication and to learn a
languange. Educational word games can be used to teach and reinforce important
language skills. In the fun format of a game, students can "play" with words while
they learn.

b. Play With Music

Paget stated that children learn most naturally and effectively when their
teachers or other authority figures allow and encourage them to interact with their
environment, manipulate it to their needs and dispositions and experiment with it and
challenge or question it-all within the scope and parameters o the developmental
stage of growth they had attained. Good teacher attempt to provide optimal classroom
learning experiences for their student. Toward this end, it is appropriate to integrate
as many sensory stimulating activities- like music – as are warranted. This inclusion
tends to increase student engagement in the classroom (Maroye & Uhrmacher, 2009).

c. Play With Word

Vocabulary is the knowladge of words and word meaning. As Steven Stahl

(2005) puts it, “Vocabulary knowladge is knowladge the knowladge of a word not
only implies a definition, but also impies hhow that word fits into the world.”
Vocabulary knowladge is not something that can ever be fully mastered, it is
something that expands and deepens over the course of a lifetime. Instruction in
vocabulary involves far more than looking up words in a dictionary and uusing the
words in a sentence. Vocabulary is acquired incidentally through indirect exposure to
words and intentionally through explicit instruction in the specific words and word-
learning strategies.

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d. Play With Moving
Human motion, touching while talking and using the body to express ideas is
one way of learning which are fun. Those who are usually easy to understand or
absorb information in this way are dancers, sportsman. So if you're an active group,
no wrong trying to learn while still doing various activities fun like dancing or
exercising.
e. Play With Solitude
There are some people who like to do everything, including studying by
solitude. For those like this, usually prefer quiet places and private spaces. If you are
among those like this, then having a private room will be really helps you to learn
independently.
f. Play by being social.
Joining and mingling with other people is the best way get information and
learn quickly. By gathering, we are can absorb the latest information quickly and
easily understand it. And usually, information obtained this way, will be recorded in
memory longer.
g. Play with questions
For some people, learning is more effective and beneficial if it is it is done by
playing with questions. For example, us provoke curiosity with a variety of questions.
Every time come up with answers, chase with questions, until you get results the very
end or conclusion.

Characteristics of Play
a. Active. During active play, children use their bodies and minds in play by
interacting with the environment, materials and other people.
b. Communicative. Play presents a natural opportunity for children to share
information and knowledge. Children can communicate verbally, using words
or their bodies, postures and other non-verbal cues and these messages can be
simple or more complicated.

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c. Enjoyable. Simply put, play is fun! When children play they should be
enjoying themselves and they can often find excitement and humor in or
through their play. If they aren’t having fun, it probably isn’t play. Instead of
playing to win, children should be playing to play and have fun!
d. Meaningful. Play provides opportunities for children to make sense of their
world. Through play, children process the things they have seen and heard,
what they know and what they don’t yet know. These experiences help
children build upon their current knowledge, test out new theories and roles
and grow their knowledge, understanding and skills.