Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Module 2 The Teaching Profession
Module 2 The Teaching Profession
Historical-Legal
Foundations of Education
“The main hope of its nation lies in the proper
education of its youth.” – Erasmus
In this Module
HISTORICAL-LEGAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION
A. Historical Foundations
B. Legal Foundations
1. What is Law?
a. Definition and nature
b. Typologies
2. Sources of Philippine Educational Jurisprudence
a. Constitution
b. Statutes
c. Case Law or Jurisprudence
d. Regulatory Laws
e. Ordinance
f. Legal Opinion
g. Resolutions
3. Legal Underpinnings Philippine Education
a. Educational Structure
b. Educational Policies
c. Curriculum and Instruction
Understanding the contexts of historical events gives us a better view of what took place in the past in connection
with the present. It allows everyone to take critical views of every event, practices, and theories. It encourages critical thinking
and logical reasoning since it involves the analysis of historical events at the same comparing theories of one person to the other.
Through the study of well-written documents, communication skills, and self-expression of the reader will be developed.
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Lesson Historical Foundations of Education
1
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson the students can:
Introduction
Knowing the past allows the individual to connect and understand the present
events and situations. To study the history of education keeps us abreast of the
successes and contributions of important personalities. It gives us hints on possible
solutions and answers to questions and problems.
What do you think you know about a history of education? After completing the
KWH, find a partner and share your answer.
K W H L
What I know or What I want to How I can learn What I learned
think I know learn this
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Analysis: Let Us Analyze
1. What do you feel after discussing your answer with your partner
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3. What are you going to do now to improve your knowledge about the history of
education?
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Fill out the last column of the table indicating what you have learned after the
discussion.
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K W H L
What I know or What I want to How I can learn What I learned
think I know learn this
1. Through the use of a graphic organizer trace the evolution of education from
the preliterate societies to the 20th century.
Closure
CONGRATULATIONS!!!!! You may now proceed to lesson 2.
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Lesson What is Law?
2
Learning Objectives:
Define what are laws.
Differentiate the typologies of laws.
Introduction
Law is a social science and that evolves and develops with the
growth and development of society. New developments in society create new
problems, and the law is required to deal with these issues. In order to keep pace with
society, the meaning and scope of the law will continue to evolve in order to keep up
with society. The result is a definition of law given at a particular time.
Law is a subject matter of jurisprudence. It is any rule of action requires any
form of standard or pattern of which actions are to be confirmed. This means a set of
rules of behavior, action, or behavior of an individual, made and enforced by the
State. This is a general rule of external human action enforced by a sovereign
political authority.
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Analysis
Once the game has finished, the teacher gathers the students and
discusses the following points to them:
a. What did you think about the game? Was it good? Bad?
Fair?
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c. How did you feel about not knowing what the rules were?
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Reading Further
Abstraction
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The main sources of Philippine law are:
the Constitution - the fundamental and supreme law of the land
statutes - including Acts of Congress, municipal charters, municipal
legislation, court rules, administrative rules and orders, legislative rules, and
presidential issuances.
treaties and conventions - these have the same force of authority as statutes.
judicial decisions - Art 8 of the Civil Code provides that ‘judicial decisions
applying to or interpreting the laws, or the Constitution shall form a part of the
legal system of the Philippines’. Only decisions of its Supreme Court establish
jurisprudence and are binding on all other courts.
8 Types of law
We investigated these types of law for paralegals so you can make the final verdict
about which specialty is right for you. Take a look at what we uncovered.
1. Criminal law concerns itself with finding and punishing people who have broken
the law by committing crimes. The goal of criminal law is to uncover the true
perpetrator of a crime and exact justice. Criminal law includes a wide range of crimes,
from homicides to pirating copyrighted material.
Criminal lawyers can work for the prosecution or the defense. In both cases,
paralegals will help attorneys prepare for trial by gathering evidence, arranging for
witness interviews and filing legal documents with the court. During a trial, they can
help their team win the case by reviewing trial notes and preparing exhibits for court.
2. Corporate law is the system of criminal justice that makes sure businesses adhere
to local and federal regulations for conducting business legally. Paralegals in this
specialty might work for a single corporation as part of their in-house legal team, or
they might work for a firm that works with many corporate clients.
Corporate lawyers spend much of their time performing routine job duties like
filing legal paperwork and helping meet compliance standards, but they might also be
called upon to help with litigation if a company is brought to court. Corporate
paralegals often benefit from having experience with bookkeeping and finances.
3. International law governs the interactions between different countries. These laws
are designed to promote trade and to keep all citizens safe. International law often
deals with issues related to preserving the environment, establishing basic human
rights and regulating trade.
International lawyers could be part of a team that’s involved in crafting
treaties and trade agreements, or raising awareness of human rights abuses around the
world. International law paralegals may have opportunities to travel, so consider this
type of law if you have a strong interest in other cultures and international affairs.
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4. Commercial law sometimes called trade law or business law—deals with
commerce, trade and consumer transactions. This broad legal field includes areas like
bankruptcy, contracts, mortgages and real estate, consumer credit and banking.
Commercial lawyers might find themselves reviewing contracts, filing
bankruptcy documents, guiding debtors through the legal process or coordinating a
real estate transaction. Paralegals who are interested in this type of law can look for a
firm that focuses on the area of commercial law they’re most drawn to.
5. Family law handles cases related to family relationships, such as divorce and child
custody, adoption and termination of parental rights. These cases often involve
children, and some surround difficult circumstances, such as child abuse or domestic
violence.
Family lawyers might find themselves getting to know their firm’s clients on
a more personal level than paralegals in other specialties. They can also expect to
interact with social workers as they navigate tricky and emotional negotiations
between parties. These paralegals might even serve as a guardian ad litem—that is, an
impartial advocate—on behalf of a child.
6. Constitutional law includes any legal proceedings related to upholding or
interpreting the Philippine Constitution. Court cases might surround issues like due
process, civil rights or freedom of speech.
Constitutional lawyers often work for nonprofit or public interest groups. It
helps if they have an eye for detail and a love of history because much of their work
will involve reading the Constitution itself, as well as researching the outcomes of
past constitutional law cases.
7. Labor law oversees the relationship between employers and employees. Their goal
is to ensure that employees aren’t taken advantage of by corporations, which typically
have more bargaining power or resources than an individual employee. Labor laws
govern issues like collective bargaining, unionization, benefits disputes and more.
These lawyers assist their firm or corporation in preparing for labor disputes.
They might work on cases related to strikes, unfair termination, harassment or
discrimination in the workplace. On a more routine basis, they could help negotiate
employee contracts.
8. Intellectual property law refers to intangible creative works or inventions that are
protected by copyrights, trademarks or patents. These laws work to protect creators
from copyright infringement.
IP lawyers conduct trademark and patent research, file for trademarks and
patents, and negotiate intellectual property rights. They also help attorneys prepare for
litigation in cases of copyright violation or trademark infringement.
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Application
Closure
Congrats! You have reached the end of this lesson! Great job! It is expected that
you have gained insights and meaningful experience in the definition of law and
the types of law. Now, you are already prepared to move to Lesson 3 of this
module which is about the sources of Philippine educational jurisprudence.
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Lesson Sources of Philippine
Educational Jurisprudence
3
Objectives:
Identify the sources of Philippine educational system.
Discuss the provisions of these legal bases
Analyze various legal issues and challenges related to
the teaching profession.
Introduction
It is said that the welfare of the people is the highest law, salus populi est
suprema lex. (Sutton, 2012)
In connection with the above, Chaves (2006) pointed out that service to the
people does not only come in the form of health care programs or security systems but
also in the form of education. This is probably the reason why framers of the 1987
Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines saw to it to emphasize that “The State
shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all levels, and
shall take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all.” (Section 1,
Article XIV)
Before the time the Philippines suffered subjugation under the powers of
different sovereigns and during the time when societies were not governed by laws
yet but by men still, children were provided practical and vocational training by their
parents, relatives, tribal tutors and leaders. There were no schools or academic
activities. Everything was basically and purely see-and-do, try-and-fail. (Goh, 2007)
Probably, the closest thing to theoretical learning that time was the passing through
oral traditions and ceremonies of stories, songs, poetry, and dances. These pieces of
information were passed from one generation to another. This system of education
was not restrained by any statute or code but fueled by instinct and curiosity.
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Activity
Analysis
1. What does your list tell you about your expectation from our
government with regards to the teachers both from private and public
learning institutions?
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Reading Further
Abstraction
1. CONSTITUTION
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o Non-teaching academic and non-academic personnel shall enjoy the
protection of the state. (Sec. 5.4)
Assigning HIGHEST budget priority to education. (Sec. 5.5)
The national language of the Philippines is Filipino. (Sec. 6)
Priority to research and technology. (Sec. 10,11,12,13)
Filipino national culture based on unity in diversity. (Sec 14)
Ensure equal access to cultural opportunities. (Sec. 18.1)
Support on researches and studies on the arts and culture. (Sec. 18.2)
Promote physical education (Sec. 19)
2. STATUTE
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4. Teachers shall be accorded the opportunity to choose alternative career lines
either in school administration, in classroom teaching, or others, for purposes
of career advancement.
REGULATORY LAWS
TEACHERS
- Refers to all persons engaged in teaching at the elementary and secondary
levels, whether on full-time or part-time basis, including industrial arts or
vocational teachers and all other persons performing supervisory and/or
administrative functions in all schools in the aforesaid levels and qualified to
practice teaching under this Act.
BOARD
- Refers to the Board for Professional Teachers duly established and constituted
under this act.
COMISSION
- Refers to the Professional Regulation Commission
2. Look into a state/condition which affects the teacher’s and the teaching
profession so that when necessary, they will be able to enhance and create
higher professional standards for teachers.
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Article III. Examination and Registration
- This article will tell us that the registration of professional teachers
begins after his name has been enrolled in the roster of professional
teachers.
- Before this, each teacher shall be required to take his professional oath
so that he can finally practice as a professional teacher.
Article IV. Provisions Relative to the Practice of The Teaching Profession
- This article will tell us about the inhibition against the Practice of
Teaching Profession as well as the Penal Provisions.
- No person shall practice or offer to practice the teaching profession in
the Philippines or be appointed as teacher to any position calling for a
teaching profession without having previously obtained a valid
certificate pf registration and a valid professional license from the
commission.
PENAL PROVISION
- If a person is practicing as a professional teacher without a valid
certificate of registration or valid license:
o He may be fined with less than 5,00- 20,000 pesos.
o Maybe imprisoned from six (6) months to five (5) years.
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Section 2. Section 26 of the same act is hereby recommended to read as
follows:
Section 26 Registration and exception – No person shall engage in teaching
and or act as a professional teacher as defined in this Act, whwther in the
preschool, elementary or secondary level, unless a person is duly registered
professional teacher, and a holder of valid special or temporary permit.
Upon approval of the application and payment of the prescribed fees,
thecerticate of registration and professional teacher shall be issued without
examination as required in this Act to a qualified applicant who is:
(a) a holder of a certificate of eligibility as a teacher issued by the Civil
Service Commission and the DECS; or
(b) a registered professional teacher with the National Board for Teachers
under the DECS pursuant to P.D. No. 1006.
Professional teachers who have not practiced their profession for the last 5
years shall take at least units of pedagogy and 6 units. of content courses or
the equivalent training and number of hours; to be chosen from a list of
courses to be provided by the Board and the Department of Education,
before they can be allowed to practice their profession in the country.
o those who have failed the licensure examination for the
professional techers, with a rating of not lower than the 5% points
from the passing general average rating shall be eligible as para-
teachers upon issuance by the Board of a two-year special permit,
renewable for a non-extendible period of 2 years.
o The para-teachers shall be assigned to areas where there is a
shortage of absence of a rofessional teacher, as identified or
provided by the Department of education and the ARMM
Education Department to the Board for Professional Techers and to
the Commision. The special permit, renewable for a non-extendible
of 2 yrs.
o A special permit may also be issued by the Board to a person who
has excelled and gained international recognition and is widely
acknowledged expert in his or her respective field of specialization.
Section 31 of the same Act hereby amended to read as follows:
Section 31. Transitory Provision – Special permits, with validity of 3 and 5
years, issued to para-teachers by the Board for Professional Teachers before
the effectivity of the Act shall be allowed to expire based on the period
granted therein: Provided, That only special permit with a validity of 3 years
may be renewed upon expiration for a non-extendible period of 2 years.
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Republic Act 4670
Magna Carta for Public School Teachers
The president Ferdinand E. Marcos sign Republic Act 4670 during the
first part of his term as president of the Philippines, this law is very important
in the history of the teaching profession in the Philippines, as stipulated in
Section1 of this law, this act aims:
To promote and improve the social and economic status of public
school teachers, their living and working conditions, their term of
employment and career prospect in order that they may compare
favorably with existing opportunities in other walk of life, attract and
retain in the teaching profession more people with the proper
qualification, it being recognized that advance in education is an
essential factor in the economic growth of the nation as a productive
investment of vital importance.
Sources: Section 1, R.A. 4670
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Sec.8. safeguards in Disciplinary Procedure. Every teacher shall enjoy
equitable safeguards at ach stage of any disciplinary procedure and
shall have:
a. The right to be informed, in writing of the charges.
b. The right to full access to the evidence in the case:
c. The right to defend himself and to be defended by a representative
of choice and/or by his organization, adequate time being to the
teacher for the preparation of his defense; and
d. The right to appeal to clearly designated authorities.
No publicity shall be given to any disciplinary action being taken
against teacher during the pendency of his case.
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render more than six hours but not exceeding eight hours of actual
classroom teaching a day upon payment of additional compensation at
the same rate as his regular remuneration plus at least twenty-five per
cent of his basic pay.
Sec. 14. Additional Compensation. Notwithstanding any provision of
existing law to the contrary, co-curricula and out of school activities
and any other activities and any other activities outside of what is
defined as normal duties of any teacher shall be paid an additional
compensation has completed at least six hours of actual classroom
teaching a day. In the case of other teachers or school officials not
engaged in actual classroom instruction, any work performed in excess
of eight hours a day shall be pain an additional compensation of at
least twenty-five per cent of their regular remuneration. The agencies
utilizing the services of teachers shall pay the additional compensation
required under this section. Education authorities shall refuse to allow
the rendition of services of teachers for other government agencies
without the assurance that the teachers shall be paid the remuneration
provided for under this section.
Sources: Section 5 to 12, R.A. 4670
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28 protects public school teachers from any form of discrimination such as
the following:
a. Make the employment of a teacher subject to the condition that he/she shall
not join an organization, or shall relinquish membership in an organization;
b. Cause the dismissal of or otherwise prejudice a teacher by reason of his
membership in an organization or because of participation in organization
activities outside school hours, or with the consent of the proper school
authorities, within school hours; and
c. Prevent him/her from carrying out the duties laid upon him/her by his/her
position in the organization, or to penalize him/her for an action undertaken in
that capacity.
Code of Ethics
The Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers
In 1997, the Board of Professional Teachers adopted the Code of Ethics for
Professional Teachers in the Philippines. This is to implement certain provisions of
R.A. No. 7836, otherwise known as the Philippine Teachers Professionalization Act
of 1994 and paragraph A, section 6, P.D. No. 223, as amended. This Code of Ethics
for Professional Teachers is essential in mentoring new teachers and in ensuring that
all teachers should practice their profession with utmost dedication and
professionalism.
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promote national pride, cultivate love of country, instill allegiance to the constitution
and for all duly constituted authorities, and promote obedience to the laws of the state.
Section 2. Every teacher or school official shall actively help carry out the declared
policies of the state, and shall take an oath to this effect.
Section 3. In the interest of the State and of the Filipino people as much as his own,
every teacher shall be physically, mentally and morally fit.
Section 4. Every teacher shall possess and actualize a full commitment and devotion
to duty.
Section 5. A teacher shall not engage in the promotion of any political, religious, or
other partisan interest, and shall not, directly or indirectly, solicit, require, collect, or
receive any money or service or other valuable material from any person or entity for
such purposes.
Section 6. Every teacher shall vote and shall exercise all other constitutional rights
and responsibility.
Section 7. A teacher shall not use his position or official authority or influence to
coerce any other person to follow any political course of action.
Section 8. Every teacher shall enjoy academic freedom and shall have privilege of
expounding the product of his researches and investigations; provide that, if the
results are inimical to the declared policies of the State, they shall be brought to the
proper authorities for appropriate remedial action.
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Article IV: A Teacher and the Profession
Section 1. Every teacher shall actively insure that teaching is the noblest profession,
and shall manifest genuine enthusiasm and pride in teaching as a noble calling.
Section 2. Every teaching shall uphold the highest possible standards of quality
education, shall make the best preparation for the career of teaching, and shall be at
his best at all times and in the practice of his profession.
Section 3. Every teacher shall participate in the Continuing Professional Education
(CPE) program of the Professional Regulation Commission, and shall pursue such
other studies as will improve his efficiency, enhance the prestige of the profession,
and strengthen his competence, virtues, and productivity in order to be nationally and
internationally competitive.
Section 4. Every teacher shall help, if duly authorized, to seek support from the
school, but shall not make improper misrepresentations through personal
advertisements and other questionable means.
Section 5. Every teacher shall use the teaching profession in a manner that makes it
dignified means for earning a decent living.
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Section 2. A teacher shall not make any false accusations or charges against superiors,
especially under anonymity. However, if there are valid charges, he should present
such under oath to competent authority.
Section 3. A teacher shall transact all official business through channels except when
special conditions warrant a different procedure, such as when special conditions are
advocated but are opposed by immediate superiors, in which case, the teacher shall
appeal directly to appropriate higher authority.
Section 4. Every teacher, individually or as part of a group, has a right to seek redness
against injustice to the administration and to extent possible, shall raise grievance
within acceptable democratic possesses. In doing so, they shall avoid jeopardizing the
interest and the welfare of learners whose right to learn must be respected.
Section 5. Every teacher has a right to invoke the principle that appointments,
promotions, and transfer of teachers are made only on the basis of merit and needed in
the interest of the service.
Section 6. A teacher who accepts a position assumes a position assumes a contractual
obligation to live up his contract, assuming full knowledge of employment terms and
conditions.
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Section 2. A teacher shall recognize that the interest and welfare of learners are of
first and foremost concern, and shall deal justifiable and impartially with each of
them.
Section 3. Under no circumstance shall a teacher be prejudiced or discriminate against
a learner.
Section 4. A teacher shall not accept favors or gifts from learners, their parents or
others in their behalf in exchange for requested concessions, especially if undeserved.
Section 5. A teacher shall not accept, directly or indirectly, any remuneration from
tutorials other what is authorized for such service.
Section 6. A teacher shall base the evaluation of the learner’s work only in merit and
quality of academic performance.
Section 7. In a situation where mutual attraction and subsequent love develop
between teacher and learner, the teacher shall exercise utmost professional discretion
to avoid scandal, gossip and preferential treatment of the learner.
Section 8. A teacher shall not inflict corporal punishment on offending learners nor
make deductions from their scholastic ratings as a punishment for acts, which are
clearly not manifestation of poor scholarship.
Section 9. A teacher shall ensure that conditions contribute to the maximum
development of learners are adequate, and shall extend needed assistance in
preventing or solving learner’s problems and difficulties.
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Article XI: The Teachers as a Person
Section 1. A teacher is, above all, a human being endowed with for which it is the
highest obligation to live with dignity at all times whether in school, in the home, or
elsewhere.
Section 2. A teacher shall place premium upon self-discipline as the primary principle
of personal behavior in all relationships with others and in all situations.
Section 3. A teacher shall maintain at all times a dignified personality, which could
serve as a model worthy of emulation by learners, peers, and all others.
Section 4. A teacher shall always recognize the Almighty God as guide of his own
destiny and the destinies of men and nations.
ORDINANCES
Ordinance No. SP-2340
An ordinance institutionalization the alternative learning system (ALS) in all
barangays within Quezon city, providing guidelines therefore and for other purposes.
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Application
Directions: React on the scenario and justify your answers with regards
to the legal dimensions of teaching profession.
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Closure
Congratulations! You have reached the end of the lesson 3. It is expected
that you have gained important insights that you can connect to the next lesson.
So, continue navigating this module and keep reading!
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Lesson Legal Underpinnings of
4 Philippine Education
Objectives:
Introduction
Filipinos, by nature, values and have deep regard for education. Education
occupies a central place in Philippine political, economic social and cultural life. It
has always been actively viewed as a pillar of national development and a primary
avenue for social and economic mobility.
CSNOUITTNIO
Activity
__________________
PEBLRAME
__________________
Arrange the GMANGA RATAC
jumbled letters
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and find out
the definition LEPSROAISFNO
of the arranged ___________________
words/phrases.
ARFOLM IANTUDOCE
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Analysis
As a future educator, why do you think it is important that you have knowledge
about certain laws that governs the educational system of our country? Elaborate
your answer.
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Abstraction
Educational Structure
on February 27, 1945, the Department of Instruction was made part of
the Department of Public Instruction
in 1947, by virtue of execution Order No. 94, the Department of
Instruction was change to Department of Education
during the period, the regulation and supervision of public and private
schools belonged to the Bureau of Public and Private
in 1972, it became the Department of Education Culture by virtue of
Proclamation 1081
in 1987, it became Ministry of Education and Culture by virtue of P.D.
no. 1397
the Education of Act of 1982 created the Ministry of Education Culture
and Sports which later became Department of Education Culture and
Sports in 1987 by Virtue of Executive Order NO. 117
the structure of DECS has remained unchanged until 1994 when the
Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and Technical Education
and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) were established to
supervise tertiary degree programs and non-degree technical-
vocational programs, respectively
the Congressional Commission on Education (EDCOM) report
provided for Congress to pass RA7722 and RA7796 to create CHED
an TESDA, Respectively
Educational Policies
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Every Child Reader Program (ECARP)
To develop pupil’s reading and communication skills by Grade 3.
Designed to improve the delivery of instruction of reading teachers in
Grade I to III.
And 8-week curriculum provides Grade I pupils adequate home-to-
school transition and readiness experience.
Topics in the modules:
- Reading Readiness
- Beginning Reading
- Developmental Reading
- Reading Remediation
- Assessment
- Selective Developmentally Appropriate Materials
Brigada Eswela
Began in May 20003
Is observed every May of each year
Capitalizing on the spirit of bayanihan
Encourage parents, barangay residents, local businessmen, community,
etc, to volunteer resources (financial, material, labor) and work
collectively for the maintenance, and minor repair of schools during
the month of May to prepare the schools for the opening of classes in
June.
Adopt-A-School
Republic Act 8525 or the Adopt-A-School Act, enacted in 1988 for the
very purpose of providing a venue for the strong and dynamic private
sector to participate in nation-building through investments in
education of Filipino children.
DepEd introduced interventions to reduce student dropouts and keep
youth off the streets.
EDUCATION is the key to NATIONAL GROWTH.
Alternative Learning System (ALS)
A FREE education program implemented by the DepEd
A laderized, modular non-formal education program by Department of
Education (DepEd)
Benefits those who cannot afford formal schooling and follows
whatever is their available schedule
provides a viable alternative to the existing formal education
instruction, encompassing both the non-formal education and informal
sources of knowledge and skills.
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Teachers that are involved in this program are called “Mobile teachers”
for reasons that they often go about teaching in rural and depressed
areas where a formal classroom is not available.
Who are the target learners of ALS?
Elementary and secondary school dropouts
Youth and Adults although in school but over-aged for Grade 6 and
4th Year
Unemployed/underemployed OSY’s and adults
Industry-based workers, housewives, maids, factory workers,
driver
Members of cultural minorities/Indigenous People (IPs)
Persons with Disabilities (PWDs)/physically Challenged
Inmates, rebel/soldier integrees
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•Committee on Curriculum Reform was formed with the participation of
officials from the academe, the private sector and civil society • The
Committee on Curricular Reform came out with the 2002 Basic Education
Curriculum (BEC), which had to undergo a national pilot test in SY 2002.
According to Sec. of Education Raul Roco, the 2002 BEC was based on a 16-
year study (starting in 1986).
• The 2002 BEC is a restricting and not a sweeping change of the elementary
and secondary curricula (NESC & NSEC)
The Education Act of 1982 or Batas Pambansa Blg. 232 provides the
general objectives of elementary, secondary, and non-formal education.
1. Provide the knowledge and develop the skills, attitudes, and values essential
for personal development, a productive life, and constructive engagement with
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a changing social milieu; 2. Provide learning experiences that increase the
child’s awareness of and responsiveness to the just demands of society;
3. Promote and intensify awareness of, identification with, and love for our
nation and the community to which the learner belongs;
4. Promote experiences that develop the learner’s orientation to the world of
work and prepare the learner to engage in honest and gainful work.
BEC 2002/ RBEC 2002 The objectives of secondary education are threefold:
To operationalize the official learning goals, the BEC, was organized into four
(4) learning areas, considered as the core or tool subjects and one (1) non–core
subject.
The Core Subjects: Filipino, English, Math, Science (Science and Health for
Elementary); (Science and Technology for Secondary)
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environment for holistic learning to develop a healthy personal and national
self-identity)
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C. Essential Questions
These are open-ended provocative questions that spark thinking and further
inquiry into the essential meanings and understandings.
D. Curriculum Objectives
Objectives which are expressed in terms of knowledge and skills that teachers
can use as guide in formulating their own classroom objectives. Stage 1-
Identify Desired Results
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Application
A. To which section of the Code of Ethics do these quotes belong? Cite examples
or proof and explain.
Closure
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Congratulations! You have reached the end of module 2.
MODULE SUMMARY
Article XIV – Education, Science and Technology, Culture, Arts, and Sports
EDUCATION
Section 1. The state shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality
education at all levels, and shall take appropriate steps to make such education
accessible to all.
R.A. 10533 – Enhanced Basic Education (K-12) Act (2013 – May 15)
R.A. 6655 – Free Public Secondary Education Act (1988 – May 26)
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3. Establish and maintain a system of scholarship grants, student loan programs,
subsidies, and other incentives which shall be available to deserving students
in both public and private schools, especially to the under-privileged.
Senior High School Voucher Program (DepEd Order No. 11, Series of
2015)
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2. Educational institutions, other than those established by religious groups and
mission boards, shall be owned solely by citizens of the Philippines or
corporations or associations at least sixty per centum of the capital of which is
owned by such citizens. The Congress may, however, require increased
Filipino equity participation in al educational institutions. The control and
administration of educational institutions shall be vested in citizens of the
Philippines.
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5. The state shall assign the highest budgetary priority to education and ensure
that teaching will attract and retain its rightful share of the best available
talents through adequate remuneration and other means of job satisfaction and
fulfillment.
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