Islamic Period

MAIN
CONTRIBUTIONS
 ISLAM
 Religion based on the messages
received by Muhammad
 The Arabic word 'Islam' simply
means 'submission', and derives
from a word meaning 'peace'.
 In a religious context it means
complete submission to the will of
God. 'Allah' is the Arabic name for
God, which is used by Arab Muslims
and Christians alike.
ISLAM FOUNDER

• Prophet Muhammad
• Born in 570 CE in Mecca
• Caravan driver until age 30
• Teachings collected in
Qur’an
• Died at age 62 (632 CE)
 SOURCES OF ISLAMIC
ISLAM DOCTRINE

• Koran (from root meaning read or study)

• Hadith (tradition): traditional sayings of
Mohammed and other early followers
– Tradition of the Mahdi
• Sharia (way): Codified Islamic Law
 The Quran THE HOLY BOOK

 the prime source of every Muslim's

faith and practice. It deals with all the
subjects which concern us as human
beings: wisdom, doctrine, worship,
and law, but its basic theme is the
relationship between God and His
creatures.
 is a record of the exact words
revealed by God through the Angel
Gabriel to the Prophet Muhammad.
 THE ‘FIVE PILLARS’
ISLAM
Muslims perform many rituals to honor and
show their faith to Allah. They have the Five Pillars,
which are their duties.
 THE ‘FIVE PILLARS’
ISLAM
FAITH(Shahadah)
There is no god worthy of
worship except God and
Muhammad is His
messenger.
Shahadah (profession of
faith)
 THE ‘FIVE PILLARS’
ISLAM
PRAYER (Salat)
Salat is the name for the
obligatory prayers which are
performed five times a day,
and are a direct link between
the worshipper and God.
Prayers are said at dawn,
noon, mid-afternoon, sunset
and nightfall, and thus
determine the rhythm of the
entire day
 THE ‘FIVE PILLARS’
ISLAM
CHARITY (Zakat)
Zakat means both
'purification' and 'growth‘
- voluntary charity
- The act of giving each
year a some of your
wealth to the needy
 THE ‘FIVE PILLARS’
ISLAM
FASTING (Sawm)
Every year in the month of Ramadan, all
Muslims fast from first light until sundown,
abstaining from food, drink, and sexual
relations. Those who are sick, elderly, or on
a journey, and women who are pregnant or
nursing are permitted to break the fast and
make up an equal number of days later in
the year
 THE ‘FIVE PILLARS’
ISLAM
Pilgrimage (Hajj)
The annual pilgrimage to
Makkah - the Hajj - is an
obligation only for those who
are physically and financially
able to perform it
- some go yearly during
Ramadan
Mosques
• place to pray
• many rooms,
main no furniture
– kneel/sit on mats
• separate
room/screen
blocking women
– can’t be seen, can hear
Ablution
Within the
courtyard
where the
worshipper
symbolically
washes before
prayer.
The Mihrab or Niche
indicates the
Qibla, the
direction of
Mecca, which the
faithful must face
when praying.
The Grand Mosque - Mecca

• Mecca’s Grand Mosque houses Islam’s most holy

site – the Kaaba, which all moslems face to pray.
• It features the Kaaba in its massive courtyard.
Ka’aba
• oldest most sacred shrine
• black cover embroidered in gold, silver,
with verses from Qur’an
• been rebuilt many times
– Black Stone (probably meteorite), original; said to
be given to Abraham by the Angel Gabriel
• always face when praying
The Ka‘aba is the place of worship which God
commanded Abraham and Ishmael to build over
four thousand years ago. The building was
constructed of stone on what many believe was
the original site of a sanctuary established by
Adam.
Minbar or Pulpit

from which
sermons are
delivered
 Minaret or Tower
– from which the
Muezzin call the
faithful to prayer.
– Originally this call was
made from the main
roof of the mosque.
– Minarets developed
from Christian bell
towers. Later they
influenced Christian
designs.
Madrassa
– schools, colleges or
universities attached.
– Contain lecture hall,
library, residences for
students and teachers
– occasionally there
were and are also
hospitals.
• .
Central dome of Istanbul’s Blue Mosque
The Great Mosque at Samarra, Iraq
The Dome of the Rock - Jerusalem

• This is one of Islam’s earliest

mosques.
• It is built on a site holy to
Jews, Christians and
Moslems.
• Note the Byzantine inspired
Central Plan.
• believe Muhammad went to
heaven for night there
• one of holiest in Jerusalem
The Dome of the Rock - Jerusalem

Interior of the Dome of the Rock – where Abraham

intended to sacrifice Isaac and where, for a time,
Mohammad directed Moslems to face when praying –
until Mecca became a Moslem city.
Dome of the Rock
• Qubbat as-Sakhrah
• believe Muhammad went to
heaven for night there
• one of holiest in Jerusalem
Mosque of Sheik Lotfallah-
Isfahan
The Taj Mahal
• The most
famous Mogul
building of all
is neither a
palace or a
mosque.
• Rather, it is a
mausoleum to
house the
favorite wife of
a mogul
emperor.
The Taj Mahal
The Taj Mahal
 Taj
Mahal

Taj Mahal was built in 22 years

(1631-1653) with the orders of
Shah Jahan and it was dedicated
to Mumtaz Mahal(Arjumand
Bano Begum), the 14th wife of
Shah. Shah Jahan's real name
was Shahab-ud-din, and he was
known as Prince Khurram before
ascending to the throne in 1628.
Taj Mahal