Roman Civilization

Roman Empire
 Ancient Rome grew from a small town on central Italy’s Tiber River into an empire.
 Credited for the emergence of Christianity as a major world religion.
 Among the many legacies of Roman dominance are the widespread use of the Romance
languages (Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian) derived from Latin, the
modern
 It is perceived to be the strongest political and social entity in the west.
 The cradle of politics and governance during that period.
 Aside from their contributions in politics, a lot of discoveries and inventions still relevant
today can be attributed to them.

The Roman Empire was perceived to be the strongest political and social entity in the
west. It was considered to be the cradle of politics and governance during that period. Because
the Roman Empire was so large, other civilizations looked up to it as their model in terms of
legislation and codified laws. Aside from their contributions in politics, a lot of discoveries and
inventions still relevant today can be attributed to the Roman Empire.

Roman Newspaper
 One of the major contributions of the Romans is the newspaper.
 Julius Caesar’s “newspaper” was called the Acta Diurna, which means “daily acts”.
 It contains announcements from Roman empire to the people.
 Originally engraved in metal or stone tablets until the paper was invented.
 When paper was invented, it became easier from the Romans “to publish” maters
important to the attention of Roman citizen.
 Romans enjoyed easy access to government information as the way we enjoy from
present-day newspapers.

One of the major contributions of the Romans is the newspaper. The first newspapers,
known as gazettes contained announcements of the Roman Empire to the people. Made before
the invention of paper, these gazettes were engraved in metal or stone tablets and then publicly
displayed. When paper was invented, it became easier for the Romans to "publish" matters that
needed the attention of the Roman citizens. In fact, with the advent of paper, minutes of the
proceedings of the Roman senate were done in shorthand. These documents were edited and
published on the same day that they were recorded. This way, the Romans enjoyed easy access
to government information the same way we benefit from present-day newspapers.

Bound Books or Codex

 Since the invention of paper, writing became easier for Romans.
 As a result, civilization become fond of record-keeping especially documenting historical
events and newly legislated laws.
 According to sources, Julius Caesar started the tradition of stacking up papyrus to form
pages of book.
 Later on, they were able to provide covers to protect the papyrus.
 The earlier covers were made of wax but were replaced by animal skin which proved to
be stronger and longer-lasting.
  Thus, the ancient Roman Empire was able to produce the first books or codex.

With the invention of paper, it became easier for civilizations to write down everything
that happened in their time. Record-keeping was much easier since paper did not easily break,
was lightweight, and did not occupy much space. As a result, civilizations became fond of
record-keeping, especially documenting historical events and newly legislated laws. Aside from
Romans writing down information about history and politics, literature also changed form from
clay tablets to parchments of paper. According to sources, Julius Caesar started the tradition of
stacking up papyrus to form pages of a book. Later on, they were able to provide covers to
protect the papyrus. The earlier covers were made of wax but were later on replaced by animal
skin which proved to be stronger and longer-lasting. With the papyrus pages bound together and
covered by animal skin, the ancient Roman Empire was able to produce the first books or codex.

Roman Architecture
 It is one of the most visual contributions of the ancient Roman Empire of the world.
 It was considered as a continuation of Greek architecture, hence, the resemblance but
Roman architecture was still regarded as pioneering because they are able to adapt new
engineering technology.
 They were able to preserve great and elaborate architectural designs because they could
produce sturdier and stronger infrastructures.
 It adapted to the new tends of time.
 It was fully supported and funded by the Roman government.
 It includes large churches (cathedrals and basilicas), aqueducts, coliseums, amphitheaters,
and even residential houses.
 The quality of Roman structures was tested by time, able to withstood the harsh elements
and can still be seen today

Roman architecture is one of the most visual contributions of the ancient Roman Empire
to the world. Roman architecture was considered a continuation of Greek architecture, hence,
the resemblance. However, Roman architecture was still regarded as pioneering since the
Romans were able to adapt new building and engineering technology on architectural designs
established in the past. In this manner, they were able to preserve great and elaborate
architectural designs because they could produce sturdier and stronger infrastructures. The
Romans were also able to creatively redesign old architectural patterns to adapt to the new
trends at that time. This development in the field of engineering and architecture was fully
supported and funded by the Roman government so they were able to implement major projects
such as large churches (cathedrals and basilicas), aqueducts, coliseums, amphitheaters, and
even residential houses. The quality of these majestic Roman structures can be seen by the way
they withstood time and the harsh elements of the environment. Today, people of the world still
enjoy these marvels. These structures are proofs of ancient Roman technology

Roman Numerals
 Since the Roman empire was expanding, it had to deal with many nations to maintain its
power. For this reason, the Romans devised their own number system specifically to
address the need for standard counting method to meet their increasing communication
and trade concerns.
  Although it is no longer used today because of inherent limitations, a quite number of
enthusiast would prefer because of its aesthetic and historical value.

Although other number systems had already been established before the Roman numeral,
these old systems could not keep up with high calculation requirements due to the increasing
rate of communication and trade among nations. Since the Roman Empire was expanding, it had
to deal with many nations to maintain its power. For this reason, the Romans devised their own
number system specifically to address the need for a standard counting method that would meet
their increasing communication and trade concerns. Although the Roman numeral is no longer
widely used today due to its inherent limitations, quite a number of enthusiast would still use it
over other more popular number systems, like the Hindu-Arabic system, due to its aesthetic and
historical value

Roman Aqueducts
 The Roman aqueducts supplied fresh, clean water for baths, fountains, and drinking water
for ordinary citizens.
 The most recognizable feature of Roman aqueducts may be the bridges constructed using
rounded stone arches.
 They were made from a series of pipes, tunnels, canals, and bridges. Gravity and the
natural slope of the land allowed aqueducts to channel water from a freshwater source