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Tubular Flow Reactor-Conversion
Tubular Flow Reactor-Conversion
Tubular Flow Reactor-Conversion
Journal of Engineering
of Engineering andand Applied
Applied Sciences,
Sciences Vol.
, Vol. 3, 3, Issue
Issue (1)(1) May, 2016
November, 2016
Abstract
This work presents an experimental study of the saponification reaction of ethyl acetate by so-
dium hydroxide in a tubular reactor at 1 atmosphere (atm) of pressure. The objective of this study
is to analyze the effect of operating conditions on the rate constant and conversion in order to ex-
plore the tubular reactor performance. The temperature, reactant flow rate, and residence time are
the parameters considered for analyzing the reactor performance. The steady-state conversion is
achieved after a period of 30 minutes. Conversion decreases with the increased reactant flow rate,
owing to the resulting decrease in residence time. The rate constant first decreases and then in-
creases with feed flow rate. The rate constant and conversion increase with increased temperature
within the studied temperature range. The residence time declines with increased reactants flow
rates leading to decreased NaOH conversion. The obtained NaOH conversion values at different
temperatures have been compared with literature data. The outcomes of this study may be useful
in maximizing the conversion of ethyl acetate saponification reaction for industrial scale synthesis
.of sodium acetate and ethanol synthesis in a tubular reactor
Keywords: Saponification; Plug flow reactor (PFR); Conductivity; Conversion; Hydrolysis.
Article history: Received: May 04, 2016, Accepted: November 08, 2016
Al Mesfer, M.K. and Danish, M.: Experimental Study of the Influence of Process Conditions on Tubular Reactor Performance
17
Journal
Journal of Engineering
of Engineering andand Applied
Applied Sciences,
Sciences , Vol.Vol. 3, Issue
3, Issue (1) (1) May, 2016
November, 2016
Al Mesfer, M.K. and Danish, M.: Experimental Study of the Influence of Process Conditions on Tubular Reactor Performance
18
Journal
Journal of Engineering
of Engineering andand Applied
Applied Sciences,
Sciences Vol.
, Vol. 3, 3, Issue
Issue (1)(1) May, 2016
November, 2016
Al Mesfer, M.K. and Danish, M.: Experimental Study of the Influence of Process Conditions on Tubular Reactor Performance
19
Journal
Journal of Engineering
of Engineering andand Applied
Applied Sciences,
Sciences , Vol.Vol. 3, Issue
3, Issue (1) (1) May, 2016
November, 2016
Al Mesfer, M.K. and Danish, M.: Experimental Study of the Influence of Process Conditions on Tubular Reactor Performance
20
conducting the experiments; and the saponification fixed tem
reaction were performed at a fixed temperature of data were
30°C. Conductance of reaction mixture was recorded shows th
at 5-minute intervals until steady-state condition was with vario
Journal
Journal of Engineering
of Engineering andand Applied
Applied reached.
Sciences,
Sciences , Vol. The
Vol.
3, 3, steady-state
Issue
Issue (1)(1) May,condition
2016 was reached after
2016
November,
30 minutes as shown in Fig.2.
0.9
are controlled by using two peristaltic pumps; 0.85
Conductivity λt ( Siemens/m)
Conductivity λt (Siemeens/m)
0.83 0.85
0.82
0.81
2.3 Experimental Procedure 0.8 0.8
0.76
conditions. Two peristaltic pumps were used
0.75
to pump the reactant from feed tanks and enter 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 0.7
6.5
the reactor vessel. The reactants pass through Time t x10-2 (sec)
280
6. Result
Conversion X
0.19
(m3/mol.sec)
0.8 0.5
260 0.18
reactor
0.17
conversio
240 higher (8
0.75 0.45 0.16 obtained
220 be due t
0.15
lower re
200 0.14 time incr
18 0.7 0.4
6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5 10 10.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.5 to increa
Reactants flow rate F x 107 (m3/sec) Reactants flow rate F x 107 (m3/sec)
The effec
OC2H5
Fig. 4: Variation of residence time and rate constant with performa
Fig.3: Effect of reactant flow rates on conductivity and reactants flow rate
Fig.3: Effect of reactant flow rates on conductivity Fig. 4: Variation of residence time and rate constant researche
conversion
and conversion suggested
with3.3 Temperature
reactants flow rate temperat
The conductivity increases with reactant flow rate Wijayara
contributed The experiment was conducted at a flow rate of
upto 0.818 Siemens/m at flow rates of both reactants
n the other The toconductivity increases with with
reactant 3.3 Temperature
10.0x10 -7
m3/sec for both reactants i.e., NaOH and
equal 10.0x10-7 m3/sec as compared 0.773
o not. The CH3COOC2H5. Concentration of both reactants was 0.85
flow rate upto 0.818 Siemens/m at flowA
Siemens/m at a flow rate of 6.67x10 m /sec.
-7 3
at a given The experiment was conducted at a flow
adjusted equal to 0.1 M NaOH and 0.1 M
decrease of conductivity with an increased feed flow 0.8
l to that of rate of 10.0x10 m3/sec for
of both
rate reactants
constant i.e.,
rates of both the
rate signifies reactants equal
formation to desired
of less 10.0x10 -7
m3/
products. CH3COOC 2H5. Variation
-7 and
tration and conversion with temperature is shown in Figure 5. It is 0.75
The conversion curve shows a decline with increased
sec as compared with 0.773 Siemens/m at NaOH and
found that theCH COOC
reaction H . Concentration
conversion of
is a strong function
flow rate. Conversion reaches a value of X~ 45% at a 3 2 5
0.7
a flow
flowrate
rate
of of 6.67x10
10.0x10 -7
m3/sec
-7
m3in/sec. A decrease
comparison with a of reaction temperature, and variation
both reactants was adjusted equal to 0.1 Mis almost linear.
Conversion X
rsion were
value of X~ 58 % at a flow rate of 6.67x10 -7 m3/sec. 0.65
on mixture of conductivity with an increased feed flow NaOH 1.2 and 0.1 M CH COOC H Variation
3 2 5.
0.75of
0.6
e reaction Rate constant vs.
rate Residence
signifies time
the decreases
formationwithofincreased reactant
less desired rate 1.1
constant and conversion with temperature
Rate constant k x103 (m3/mol.sec)
0.4
0.5 Fig.6: Com
0.3 temperatu
3.3 Temperature suggested that conversion increases with increased
temperatures of reaction mixtures (Ullah et al., 2015;
The experiment was conducted at a flow rate of Wijayarathne et al., 2014).
10.0x10-7 m3/sec for both reactants i.e., NaOH and
CH3COOC2H5. Concentration Journal
Journal ofEngineering
of both reactants
of Engineering andand
Applied
temperature
was Sciences
Applied Sciences, Vol.
, Vol.
0.85 isIssue
3, 3,
Issue
more
(1)(1)
profound
May, 2016
November,
than the change with
2016
320
adjusted equal to 0.1 M NaOH and 0.22
0.1 M specific rate constant.
Residence time vs.reactant 0.8
CH 3 COOC
reaction H Variation
2temperature,
5. of rate
flow rate and variation constant and
0.21is almost study (73.4 obtained
% at 40atoC) and ittemperatures
may be due
conversion
300 with temperature is reactant
shownflow in Figure 5. It is The 0.75
results different of
Rate constant vs.
linear.
found that the reaction conversion is a strong
rate 0.2 function
reaction mixture have been compared
to the large volume of reaction mixture and with findings
of reported0.7by Wijayarathne et al. 2014 as shown in Fig.
280reaction temperature, and variation is almost linear.
Residence time tR (sec)
lower
6. Results reactant
reported by flow rate compared
Wijayarathne et al. 2014 with.were
Conversion X
0.19
(m3/mol.sec)
1.2 0.75
260 0.18
1.1 Rate constant vs. reactor 0.6volume of 0.44x 10-3 m3. The NaOH
Rate constant k x103 (m3/mol.sec)
temperature
0.17 0.7 flow rate
conversion
0.55
and this by
reported leads to increased
Wijayarathne al.reaction
et work
Current
V=0.41 L)
2014
(Volumeis
1
240 higher (80 % at 40 oC) comparedWijayarathne with theet al.value
0.9 Conversion vs. 0.16
conversion.
obtained in
0.5 present study (73.4 % at 40 o
VolumeC) and
V=0.44 it
L)
2014 (
may
temperature 0.65
220 0.8 be due toThe effect
the large volume of of reaction
reaction mixturemixture and
0.15 0.45
lower reactant flow rate compared with. Residence
Conversion X
0.7 0.6
temperatures
time increases
0.4 ondecreased
with reactor flowperformance
rate and this haveleads
200 0.14
0.6 25reaction conversion
30 35 40 45
6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.5
0.55
to increased
not been explored by the researchers
. (Ahmed
0.5 Temperature T (oC)
Reactants flow rate F x 107 (m3/sec)
0.4 et effect
The al. 2013)
of reactionalthough it was suggested
mixture temperatures on reactor
Fig. 4: Variation of residence time and rate constant with 0.5 Fig.6: Comparison
performance have of NaOH conversion
not been at different
explored by the
reactants0.3
flow rate thattemperatures
conversion
researchers (Ahmed increases
of reaction
et
mixture withwith
al. 2013) although increased
literature data
it was
(Wijayarathne et al. 2014)
3.3 Temperature
0.2 0.45 suggested that conversion increases
temperatures of reaction mixtures (Ullah et with increased
25 30 35 40 45
temperatures of reaction mixtures (Ullah et al., 2015;
Temperature T (0C) al.,4.2015;
Conclusions
Wijayarathne Wijayarathne
et al., 2014). et al., 2014).
ture is more profoundThe experiment
than the change was conducted
with at a flow rate of
rate constant. 10.0x10 -7
m 3
/sec for both reactants i.e., NaOH and In this investigation, hydrolysis of ethyl acetate (~0.1
Fig.5:
Fig.5: RateRate constantconstant
and conversion andversusconversion versus
temperature curves
CH3COOC2H5. Concentration of both reactants was M)
0.85 with sodium hydroxide (~0.1 M) has been studied.
volume of 0.44x 10 -3
m 3
. The NaOH 10.65
atmosphere (atm) and a concentration of 0.1 M of
respectively.
1.2 The change in conversion 0.75 with both reactants. The influence of operating conditions
temperatureet of
on reported by Wijayarathne al. 40
2014°C. is The rate constant of 0.6
80 % at 40 C) 1.1
o
compared with Rate constant vs.
the value
Rate constant k x103 (m3/mol.sec)
the
in present study (73.41 %saponification
temperature
at 40 oC) and it may reaction increased 0.7 from 0.55
Current work (Volume
V=0.41 L)
to the large volume 0.9
of reaction
0.228x10 -3 mixture
vs. and
m3/mol.sec
Conversion to 1.081x10-3 m3/ 0.5
Wijayarathne et al. 2014 (
Volume V=0.44 L)
eactant flow rate compared with. Residence
temperature 0.65
mol.sec
0.8 with
reases with decreased flow rate and this leads an increased temperature from 0.45
Conversion X
Al Mesfer, M.K. and Danish, M.: Experimental Study of the Influence of Process Conditions on Tubular Reactor Performance
5 30 35 40 45 23
Temperature T (oC)
Al Mesfer, M.K. and Danish, M.: Experimental Study of the Influence of Process Conditions on Tubular Reactor Performance
24
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ah, I., Ahmad, M.I., Swaminathan.
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Al Mesfer, M.K. and Danish, M.: Experimental Study of the Influence of Process Conditions on Tubular Reactor Performance
25