DATA: Facts that can be recorded in the form of

text file , number values , speech ,video, audio ,IMAGES

Video , Speech comes under multimedia data .

Information:

Information is data that has been processed in such a way as to be meaningful to the person who
receives it.

it is anything that is communicated.

What is a Database?

The database is a collection of inter-related data which is used to retrieve, insert and delete the data
efficiently. It is also used to organize the data in the form of a table, schema, views, and reports, etc.

A database system is designed to be built and populated with data for a certain task.

What is DBMS?

Database management system is a software which is used to manage the database.

For example: MySQL, Oracle, etc are a very popular commercial database which is used in different
applications

Characteristics of Database Management System:

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Provides security and removes redundancy

It can reduce the complex relationship between data.

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It is used to support manipulation and processing of data.

Support of multiple views of the data

Database Management Software allows entities and relations among them to form tables.

DBMS vs. Flat File

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DBMS Flat File Management System

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Multi-user access || It does not support multi-user access

Design to fulfil the need for small and large businesses|| It is only limited to smaller DBMS
system.

Remove redundancy and Integrity|| Redundancy and Integrity issues

Expensive. But in the longterm Total Cost of Ownership is cheap|| It’s cheaper

Easy to implement complicated transactions|| No support for complicated transactions

Logical Storage Structures

Data Blocks, Extents, and Segments

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As we know that Oracle allocates logical database space for all data in a database.

 Data Blocks is smallest logical unit to store Oracle Data.

 One data block represents specific number of bytes on physical hard disk.
 Data Block in Oracle is also called as logical block
 Data Block size is usually multiple of operating system block size
 You can have multiple block sizes within single database (max. five)
 Data block having one small memory components’ header contains generic information like
block address and type of segment .
 Extent is collection of contiguous data blocks. One or more extents make up a segment.
 Extent having one small memory components Extent header .

 Segment is set of extents allocated for specific data structure (like table or index).

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  In a Segment, first block of first extent contains segment header information

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