Practical : 3 Date: 02.12.

2010

Topic : Sound quality

Aim: To investigate the relationship between

Introduction:

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Inference : The pitch produce is influence by the volume of air.

Hypothesis : As the volume of air decrease the pitch produce increase

Variables :

i) Manipulated : the volume of air

ii) Responding : the pitch produce

iii) Constant/fixed : the size of bottle

Material/apparatus: 3 identical glass bottles, water, tuning fork, bowl, metre rule and pencil.

Activity: Demonstrating the production of different sound quality.

Procedure:

1. A bowl was filled with water. Tap a tuning fork against the sole of shoes. The tip was
placed in the water. Observation was record.(refer table 1)
2. Tap the tuning fork again. Prediction was record.(refer table 1)
3. Water was put into 3 identical glass bottles so that bottle A is ⅟₄ full, bottle B is ⅟₂ full and
bottle C is ¾ full.
4. The distance from the top of each bottle to the surface of the water was measured.
Height of the water in each bottle was measured too. Measurements was record in table.
(refer table 2a)
5. Prediction was make about the difference in pitch that hear if blow across the top of each
bottle in turn. Reason was give for each predictions.(refer table 2b)
 6. Prediction was tested by blowing over the top of each bottle. The sound that produce
was describe in term of its pitch-low, medium or high. The result of each sound was
record.(refer table 2b)
7. Then by using a pencil, gently tap the side of a bottle and was produced another sound.
Think that the sound produced by blowing across the top of the bottle was similar or
different.(refer table 2c)
8. The prediction was tested by tapping on the side of each bottle with a pencil. The pitch of
each sound was record in table.(refer table 3)

Result:

Table 1:

Observation when place the tip of one of Prediction of what will happen when hold
the prongs in the water. tuning fork near ear.

Table 2a:

Total height of bottle: 19.6cm

Distance of different height Bottle A(⅟₄ full) Bottle B(⅟₂ full) Bottle C(¾ full)
X(measure from top of bottle
to surface of water)
Y(measure the height of
water)

Table 2b:

Bottle Prediction Reason

A  
B  
C  
Table 2c:

Bottles Prediction Level of pitch

A  
B  
C  

Mastery of knowledge and skill questions:

1. In procedure 6, which bottle produced the highest pitch? What caused the change in
pitch from bottle to bottle? (4 marks)
 Bottle Catha change in pitch from bottle to bottle cause by relationship between
vibration and pitch and the level of air volume. When blowing across the top of the
bottle, the column of air trapped inside the bottle will begin to vibrate. Therefore,
the shorter the column of air, the sound wave increases in their speed.Then, more
vibration produced and higher the sound and pitch.

2. Describe how the sound is produced in procedure 8? Which bottle produced the highest
pitch? What caused the change in pitch from bottle to bottle? (6 marks)
 The sound produced in procedure 8 are different than in procedure 6.The more
water in the bottle produce lower pitch than the bottle that has less water in the
bottle. It depends on the amount of water in the bottle. When tap the bottle, make
the bottle to vibrate and produce sound. With more water, the pitch is lower.
3. Compare the sound you produce by blowing across the top of the bottles with those
produced by tapping on the bottles. What was the difference in pitch for each bottle?
Explain your observations. (4 marks)

Activity Blowing across the top of Tapping on the bottle

Bottle(high pitch)
Bottle(low pitch)
Sound produce in activity
Explanation
the bottle
C A
A C
Low level of sound than High level of sound than
the activity of tapping on the activity of blowing
the table. across the top of the
bottle.
Because when blowing Because when tapping
activity ,it makes the air on the bottle we apply
and water inside the force and the bottle that
bottle has less water will vibrate
Vibrate. In a large or a lot in faster rate and produce
of space so it takes more high pitch of sound than
air flowing in to build up the bottle that has more
 enough pressure to push water in it. The speed of
the jet out again. Getting vibration increase when
more air into the bottle tapping on the bottle.
takes a relatively long
time so the air vibrates
slowly, and the sound
and pitch also lower level.

4. By looking at your data table, how does the length of the column of air affect the pitch?
How does the height of the water affect the pitch? (4 marks)
 The length of the column of air effect the pitch is because of longer the length of
column of air will take more air flowing in to build up enough pressure to push the
jet out again; more air into the bottle takes a relatively long time so the air vibrates
slowly, the pitch also slower. High air column, low of pitch produces.
 Height of the water affects the pitch by the applying force on the bottle. Less water
in bottle, same amount of force will produce the high pitch. Lower height of water,
higher pitch produce.
5. What conclusions can you draw about the relationship between the sound produced and
the medium through which the sound travels? (3 marks)
 Medium of air. Longer level of air column, more amount of water, produces high
pitch.
 Medium of water. More volume of water in bottle, produce low pitch.
6. Think: Violins are stringed instruments. Flutes and clarinets are woodwinds, and
trumpets are brass instruments. What do all these musical instruments have in common?
(4 marks)

 Woodwind instruments

i. Woodwind instruments are distinguished primarily by the fact that the

effective length of the vibrating air column is shortened by opening lateral
side holes in succession. Two distinctly different means of generating the
sound are employed. For the flute, and its half-size version the piccolo, the
player blows across the embouchure hole near one end in such away as to
cause periodic puffs of air to enter the tube; after a turbulent turning these
puffs excite the air column longitudinally. This method of excitation leaves
the tube acoustically open in the sense that the contained air vibrates much
as it does in a simple tube with both ends open to the atmosphere.
  Brass instruments

i. The typical brass instrument consists of a cup-shaped mouthpiece, a

slightly tapered mouth pipe, cylindrical tubing including valves, and a
roughly hyperbolic bell. Puffs of air are introduced by the player via
vibrating lips stretched over the mouthpiece. The action is comparable to
that of the clarinet, in that the mouthpiece end is nearly closed acoustically.
The length of the air column is increased by tubing switched in by use of
valves, either piston or rotary: a common arrangement is such that the first
valve lowers the intonation by two semitones, the second by one semitone,
and the third by three semitones. For a given length of tubing, different
tones are produced by tensioning the lips to excite different modes of
vibration.

 Stringed instruments

i. For the guitar and harp, strings are set into vibration by plucking; for the
other stringed instruments the vibration is usually initiated and maintained
by bowing. The frequency of vibration is primarily established by the length,
tension, and mass per unit length of the string. A string vibrates not only at
the lowest (fundamental) frequency, but also at the same time at higher
frequencies which tend toward integer multiples of the fundamental
frequency. The sound radiated from the instrument is thus complex.

Conclusion:

Based on the theory, the result of the all activity is related to theory of waves produce. Sound
wave produce by vibration depend on the air volume and the amount of water inside the object.
Higher air volume, less water quantity, sound and pitch also lower level. The result shown
Bottle C have high pitch than Bottles B and A for the activity 2.For the activity 3,Bottle A have
high pitch than Bottle B and Chigger amount of water, bottle vibrate with lower pitch.
Appendix