Week 10 chapter 8 1

Question 1:- Why do researchers use sampling procedures?

Ans:- Researches use sampling procedures to reduce the cost in time, energy, and money of studying large
populations. In addition, it is a method that allows researchers to infer information about a population based
on results from a subset of the population, without having to investigate every individual. (Bouma, Ling,
Wilkinson, 2019).

Question 2:- Why is it risky to rely on the observation of a single case in making generalizations about groups?
Ans:- It is described in the text to be risky to rely on the observation of a single case in making
generalizations about groups as it is just simply not an accurate representation at all of the larger group. The
authors give an example in the text that says “it would be like an Australia forming an opinion about all
Canadians after meeting one Canadian”. In cases like this, generalizations cannot safely be drawn. There is no
way of knowing whether or not the case study will accurately represent the larger population with having
only observed one case. (Bouma, Ling, Wilkinson, 2019).
Question 3:- What are the 2 basic types of sampling procedures?
Ans:- The two basic types of sampling procedures are:-
Random Sampling:- This procedure provides the greatest assurance that those individuals selected are a
representative sample of the larger group.
Non-random:- This is a sample procedure used by the researcher, the researcher can only hope that those
selected for study bear some likeness to the larger group.
(Bouma, Ling, Wilkinson, 2019).

Question 4:- What are the advantages and disadvantages of each sampling procedure described?
Ans:- Random sampling procedures provides the greatest assurance that the sample accurately represents
the population, whereas the main disadvantage of this method is that the mathematics of such selection
procedure can be very complex and are beyond the scope of this text. On the other hand, Non-random
sampling procedures are best for qualitative research measurements rather than analysing larger population
but the only disadvantage of this method is that it concludes a weak basis for generalization. (Bouma, Ling,
Wilkinson, 2019).

Question 5:- What are the steps that must be taken in order to draw a truly random sample? Name 2 steps that
might damage our ability to draw a random sample.
Ans: To draw a simple random sample, the researcher must follow these three steps.
1)-The first step is to identify the population from which the sample is to be drawn;
2)-The second step is to enumerate and list every element (e.g., person households, car owners) in the
population or obtain a complete list of participants (and be able to access their contact information);
3)-The last and final step is to devise a method of selection that ensures that each and element has the same
probability of selection and that each combination of the total number of elements has the same probability
of selection. (Bouma, Ling, Wilkinson, 2019).
Question 6:- What are the critical issues in determining sample size?
Week 10 chapter 8 2
Ans:- The critical issues in determining sample size is how large a sample do you need?, what is the
appropriate sample size for your project?. A research that has a sample size which is too high would consume
scarce resources and could subject more participants than possible to any associated harm. As a result,
determining the required sample size for a study is a critical step in the study's design.
Question 7:- While it is often necessary for researchers to study large samples in order to examine in detail the
influence of many variables, what 2 basic rules can usefully guide student researchers in determining sample
size?
Ans:- 1: About 30 individual elements are required in order to provide a pool large enough for even simple
kinds of analyses.
2:You need a sample large enough to ensure that it is theoretically possible for each cell in your analytical
table to have five cases fall in it.
(Bouma, Ling, Wilkinson, 2019).

Question 8: Read several articles reporting research results that have been published in professional social and
behavioural science journals. What sampling procedures were used?
Ans:- After reading fer articles reporting research results It is seen that most of these sample have used
qualitative sampling procedures.
Question 9:- Read an article, a report, or research published in a newspaper, then answer the following
questions. If you do not think the article contains enough information, say so. Then guess what might have been
done
Ans:- a)- How was the sample for this study drawn?
There was a quantitative methodology used to draw a conclusion from the study
b)-What type of sample would you say it was?
Quota sampling
c)- What dummy table might have been used for this study?
Gender: - Male or female
d)- What hypothesis might this study have been used for this study?
The study was conducted to analysis the participation of men and women in politics.
e)- What were the basic concept in this study?
Analysis of gender discrimination in politics.
f)- What variable were selected to measure the concept involved in this study?
Gender, age, level of education, skills and requirements
g)- How were the data collected?
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Interview and stats compared for different nations
h)- What conclusion were reached?
It was seen that more than 85 percent of the nations around the world have still male dominance in political
sector over females and stills it is seen that women are considered as home worker and are not given equal
opportunity in working sector.
Question 10:- Could access to a hospital admissions database be used to draw a random sample of patients to
participate in a study of satisfaction with hospital meals? Why/why not?
Ans:- Yes, access to a hospital admissions database be used to draw a random sample of patients to
participate in a study of satisfaction with hospital meals as the researcher could conduct a satisfaction scale
measuring test in which he can go to each patient and ask their opinion and this will lead toa large sampling
group and also when all the data is collected, simple analysis can help to determine and conclude that the
meals of hospital are satisfying or not.
Question 11:- Create a dummy table to study the influence of political party affiliation on gun control legislation.
What questions would you have to ask on a survey to obtain the data you need to study this relationship.
Ans:- This dummy table is going to study the influence of political party affiliations on gun control Legislations.
NDP Liberals Conservatives
Against gun control 2 3 4
In favour of gun 1 2 1
control
Neither in favour nor 2 3 2
against
No vote 3 3 3

Question 12:- Why do quantitative studies require larger sample sizes than qualitative studies?
Ans:- Qualitative sample sizes should be large enough to obtain enough data to sufficiently describe the
phenomenon of interest and address the research questions. The goal of qualitative researchers should be
the attainment of saturation. Saturation occurs when adding more participants to the study does not result
in additional perspectives or information. (Bouma, Ling, Wilkinson, 2019).
Question 13:- Why is the rationale for using non-random selection techniques for qualitative studies?
Ans:- The rationale for using non-random selection techniques for qualitative research relates to the fact that
they are suited for research studies where the goal is a deeper understanding of the phenomena’s or situation
rather than making inferences to a larger population. Non-random selection techniques would be in use when
demonstrating that a particular trait is prevalent in a larger group, things that don’t include specific numbers
and calculation. (Bouma, Ling, Wilkinson, 2019).
Question 14:- Why are studies using internet or cellphone only suspect?
Ans :- The data drawn using internet or cellphones can lead to better quantitative analysis because there are
too many user and we can due to this factor we can conduct our analysis at greater level with more number
Week 10 chapter 8 4
of masses but the only factor that limit these studies is that only 10 percent of all the pop-up surveys are
completely done via internet and cellphones and the people who participate in these surveys are
demographically, socially, and economically very different from those who choose not to participate due to
which the results obtained from internet and cellphones are not very reliable.
Reference
Bouma, G. D., Ling, R., & Wilkinson, L. (2019). The research process. Don Mills, Ontario: Oxford University
Press.