Display 

Device Training
p y g
‐ LCD & LED

Beginner Level
 What do you know about LCD ?
What do you know about LCD ?
• LCD TV
LCD TV • Contrast Ratio
Contrast Ratio
• LED TV • Response Time
• CCFL • Motion Flow
Motion Flow
• HCFL • HDMI
• SD • CEC
• HD  • HDCP
• Full HD • DLNA
• Backlight
g • Hotel Mode
 LCD & LED TV
LCD & LED TV
• What is LCD ?
at s C ?
– Liquid  Crystal Display
• What is LCD TV?
– Is a Display Device that using Liquid Crystal Display 
technology with florescent lamp as a light source to 
display picture instead of using Cathode Ray Tube
display picture instead of using Cathode Ray Tube 
technology.
• What is LED TV?
What is LED TV?
– Is a Display Device that using Liquid Crystal Display 
technology with LED as a light source to display 
picture instead of using Cathode Ray Tube technology.
i t i t d f i C th d R T b t h l
LCD Construction
LCD Construction
Panel Module
Backlight
 Backlight
• CCFL
CC

• HCFL

• LED
– White
– RGB
 CCFL Backlight
CCFL Backlight
• What is CCFL?
– Cold Cathode Florescent Lamp
– Is a lighting system that uses two phenomena: 
• electron discharge & fluorescence. 
• CCFL
CCFL backlights have very good performance 
backlights have very good performance
properties which include: 
– good luminous intensity, 
– high density (compact and light weight), 
– good color reproduction/uniformity, 
– vibration/impact resistance
vibration/impact resistance, 
– durability, 
– quick start at low temperature, 
– long lifetime and high efficiency
 CCFL Backlight
CCFL Backlight
• How it works?
– A CCFL lamp is constructed from a sealed glass tube with an electrode on 
each end.
– The inside surface of the tube is coated with a phosphor material and filled 
with inert gases such as argon (Ar) and neon (Ne) mixed with a slight 
amount (approx. 4mg Hg per lamp) of mercury vapor (Hg). 
– When a high voltage is applied to the electrodes, the gas is ionized allowing 
When a high voltage is applied to the electrodes the gas is ionized allowing
the electrical current to flow.
– When ionized, the gas emits ultraviolet light that is converted to visible light 
as it strikes the phosphor coating on the inside surface of the bulb. 
– The color of the visible light depends on the type of the gas and phosphor 
used. The figure depicts the construction of the CCFL bulb. 
 CCFL vs Fluorescent lamps
CCFL vs Fluorescent lamps
• Fluorescent lamps and cold 
cathode fluorescent lamps 
have extremely similar 
constructions, but they use 
different types of electron 
discharge. 
• Fluorescent lamps discharge 
electrons through a material 
g
called an emitter by heating 
electrodes, while CCFLs 
discharge electrons without 
g
heating by using electrode. 
• This is due to the 
construction of each lamp'ss 
construction of each lamp
electrode
 HCFL Backlight
HCFL Backlight
• What is HCFL?
– Hot Cathode Florescent Lamp
• Utili
Utilizes internal filaments that must be heated by an 
i t l fil t th t tb h t db
external current prior to lighting by a ballast device, similar 
to the common fluorescent light used in the home. 
• In this device, a gaseous mixture flows between two 
tungsten electrodes or filaments.
Main differences between CCFL & HCFL
Main differences between CCFL & HCFL
Cold cathode fluorescent lamps Hot cathode fluorescent lamps

Lamp diameter 1.8 to 5.0 mm 15 to 32 mm

Starting voltage High Low

Tube current Low High

Luminous flux
Luminous flux Low High

Luminous efficacy Low High

Lifetime up to 60,000 hours 3,000 to 15,000 hours

Tube can be made thinner Highly efficient
Strong points
Strong points
Longer lifetime Greater volume of light
 LED Backlight
LED Backlight
• There are 2 type of LED backlight
– Edge LED : Normally use white LED as LED source
g y
– Full Array LED : Can be RGB LED or white LED
• RGB LED backlights
– Demand color mixing technology in order to 
overcome unevenness of luminance. 
– Color mixing has significantly improved with an 
g g y p
increased understanding of the design and function of 
direct backlight concept
• White LED backlights
White LED backlights
– relatively low power consumption and 
– high NTSC gamut
 NTSC Color Gamut
NTSC Color Gamut
• Color gamut is the range of color a 
display can reproduce and is 
commonly expressed as a 
percentage of NTSC. 
• Although NTSC stands for National 
Television System Committee
Television System Committee, 
which developed television 
standards for North America, in 
this instance, 100% of NTSC refers 
to the full range of color
h f ll f l that can 
h
theoretically be displayed. 
• CRTs is about 70% of NTSC. A 
display that can combine both high
display that can combine both high 
luminance and a high‐percentage 
color gamut should provide the 
best image‐ reproduction 
capability.
bili
 LCD & LED TV ‐ type
LCD & LED TV 
• There are 2 type of LCD & LED TV
There are 2 type of LCD & LED TV
– HD
– Full HD
Full HD
• What is the different of each type?
– Native resolution
– HD  : 1366 x 768
– Full HD : 1920 x 1080
 Contrast Ratio
Contrast Ratio
• What is Contrast Ratio?
What is Contrast Ratio?
– is the difference between light 
(white color) and dark (black color) 
on a screen, expressed by a 
number.
• What is Dynamic Contrast Ratio?
What is Dynamic Contrast Ratio?
– The ability  of automatically change 
( )
the darkest color (black) to 
minimum in order to create the real 
darker image on screen
 SD vs HD vs Full HD
SD vs HD vs Full HD
• What is SD ?
What is SD ?
– Standard Definition
– Frame size of  480 or 576
Frame size of 480 or 576
• What is HD ?
– High Definition
– Frame size of 1280 x 720
• What is Full HD ?
– High Definition
– Frame size of 1920 x 1080
 Response Time
Response Time
• What is Response Time?
– Is a time required for Liquid Crystal to switch from ON to OFF or OFF to 
ON

• Which is better? Higher or Lower?
Which is better? Higher or Lower?
– Lower

• What is the effect if the response time is too higher?
What is the effect if the response time is too higher?
– Picture will become blur during movement scene

• During
During introduction of LCD technology, why there are no blur effect 
introduction of LCD technology, why there are no blur effect
to LCD TV that sold at store?
– Because all the LCD manufacture manage to process the image until it 
complete before display to screen
– This will cause picture lagging
 Motion Flow
Motion Flow
• What is Motion Flow?
What is Motion Flow?
– is a technic to create a smoother images by 
inserting new frames between standard frames
inserting new frames between standard frames. 
• What is the purpose of Motion Flow
– To improve picture quality and clarity in fast 
To improve picture quality and clarity in fast
moving scenes
– In order to reduce motion blur and picture 
In order to reduce motion blur and picture
lagging.
 Motion Flow Terminology
Motion Flow Terminology
• JVC calls their 100 Hz + technology "Clear Motion Drive" and 
"Clear Motion Drive II 100/120HZ".
/

• LG calls their 100 Hz + technology "TruMotion". 

• Mitsubishi calls their 100 Hz + technology "Smooth120Hz".

• Samsung
Samsung calls their 100
calls their 100 Hz + technology AMP
Hz + technology AMP "Auto
Auto Motion 
Motion
Plus“ and “Motion Rate”

• Sony calls their 100
Sony calls their 100 Hz 
Hz + technology 
technology "Motionflow".
Motionflow .

• Toshiba calls their 100 Hz + technology "Clear Frame".
 HDMI & CEC
HDMI & CEC
• What is HDMI ?
What is HDMI ?
– High‐Definition Multimedia Interface
– is a compact audio/video interface for 
is a compact audio/video interface for
transmitting uncompressed digital data
What is HDMI Cable ?

Video cable : To carry composite video signal.

Be able to support video display resolution signal up
to 480p

DVD cablebl : To
T carry YUV signal.
i l
Contain 3 video cable. Every cable carry
Y signal, R-Y signal and B-Y signal
pp
Be able to support video display
p y resolution signal
g up
p
to 1080i

HDMI cable : Be able to carry all type of video & audio

signal.
Be able to support video display resolution signal up
to 1080p (Offer better detail and high picture quality)
 What is advantage of HDMI
• Q lit
Quality:
– Because HDMI is a digital interface, it provides the best quality of the
video since there are no loss analogue to digital conversions as are
required for all analogue connections (such as component or S-video).
Th difference
The diff iis especially
i ll noticeable
ti bl att hi
higher
h resolutions
l ti suchh as
1080p.

• Ease-of-use:
– HDMI combines video and multi-channel audio into a single cable,

• Intelligence:
– HDMI supports two
two-way
way communication between the video source
(such as a DVD player) and the DTV,
– enabling new functionality such as automatic configuration and one-
touch play.

• HD Content-Ready:
– HDMI devices supporting HDCP have the comfort of knowing they will
have access to premium HD content now and in the future.
 HDMI with CEC

What is CEC ?
CEC : Customer Electronics Control

Consumer Electronics Control channel

The channel:
Uses the industry standard AV LINK protocol
Used for remote control functions.
One
One-wire
. wire bidirectional serial bus.
bus
This feature is used in two ways:
To allow the user to command and control multiple CEC-enabled boxes with one remote control.
To allow individual CEC-enabled boxes to command and control each other without user
intervention.
intervention
Back Ground of CEC

1 remote can
control
everything

Too many
remote
CEC
is a feature that enables
connected devices to control
each other over one wire.

HDMI CEC is a upgraded version

of HDMI software that capable
of controlling multiple HDMI
devices
HDMI with CEC

CEC Pin 1 TMDS Data2

Pin 2 TMDS Data2 Shield
Pin 3 TMDS Data2
Pin 4 TMDS Data1
Pin 5 TMDS Data1 Shield
Pin 6 TMDS Data1
Pin 7 TMDS Data0
Pin 8 TMDS Data0 Shield
Pin 9 TMDS Data0
Pin 10 TMDS Clock
Pin 11 TMDS Clock Shield
Pin 12 TMDS Clock
Pin 13 CEC
Pin 14 Reserved (N.C. on device)
Pin 15 SCL
Pin 16 SDA
Pin 17 DDC/CEC Ground
Pin 18 +5 V Power
Pin 19 Hot Plug Detect
 HDMI with CEC
Does other manufactures support this CEC features?
■ All of the major TV makers support it, but they all call it

something different.

SAMSUNG  Anynet+
A t+
TOSHIBA  CE-Link
PANASONIC  EZ-Link
SONY  BRAVIA Sync
LG  SimpleLink
HDMI with CEC

HDMI contains basic and enhanced features.

All the features added since version 1.1 are optional.
Th f
Therefore a higher
hi h version
i ddoes NOT necessarily il
mean enhanced features.
HDMI with CEC
 CEC Features

One Touch Play

When the user starts p
playback
y with DVD/HDD recorder or
DVD player which is connected to TV, TV powers on if powered
off and changes the external input for the active device.

All Off
When TV is powered off, AV amp, DVD/HDD recorder or DVD player,
which are connected to TV, are power off correspondingly.

Synchronized operation with AV amp

When AV amp is used, TV Speaker will OFF and, sound only coming
from AV amp and <Volume +/-> keys and < Mute > key works for AV amp.
 HDCP – High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection

-HDCP is a form of digital rights management developed by Intel to

control digital audio and video content as it travels across DVI or
HDMI connections.

-HDCP is proprietary and an implementation of HDCP requires a

license.

-In addition to paying fees, licensees agree to limit the capabilities

of their products. High-definition digital video content is restricted
to DVD quality on non
non-HDCP
HDCP video outputs
outputs. DVD
DVD-Audio
Audio content
is restricted to DAT quality on non-HDCP digital audio outputs
(analog audio outputs have no quality limits).
 HDCP – High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection

-Licensees cannot allow their devices to make copies off content,

and must design their products to “effectively frustrate attempts to
defeat the content protection requirements.”

-HDCP’s main target is to prevent transmission of non-encrypted

high definition content. 3 systems were developed to achieve that
goal:

1. Authentication process disallows non-genuine devices to

receive HD content.

2. Encryption of the actual data sent over DVI or HDMI prevent

dropping of info.

3 Key revocation procedures ensures violation of license

3.
agreement easily been blocked from receiving HD data.
 DLNA – Digital Living Network Alliance

- DLNA is an alliance of leading companies in the consumer

electronics, mobile and personal computer industries.

g the companies
- It aim is to align p and have industryy standards,
which will allow products from all companies to be compatible
with each other and to enable a network of electronic devices
in the home.

- In this way, consumers will be able to enjoy digital living easily

and seamlessly. Companies, under the alliance will still be able
to innovate and differentiate their own products.

- Some of the industry’s leaders, including Motorola, Philips,

Samsung, Matsushita, Hewlett-Packard, Sony, Microsoft, Intel
and Nokia,
Nokia have joined the alliance
alliance. It is still in its early stages
stages,
however DLNA certification is available now.
DLNA – Digital Living Network Alliance
 General Info on LCD TV
General Info on LCD TV
• Handling
• Life time
• Comparison screen size (CRT vs LCD)
C i i (C C )

Note :     
LCD6 : KDL‐40EX520
 Video Resolution
Video Resolution
• What is Video Resolution ?
– usually used to mean pixel dimensions, the number of 
pixels in each dimension (e.g., 1366 x 768)
– Compare to CRT TV, LCD have fix native pixel. 
p , p
– If LCD display low resolution picture or video, it will 
automatically zoom the image or video to full fill the panel 
size. 
– And this will cause bad impact to picture quality.
• Video resolution for TV
– 480i or 480p
480i or 480p
– 576i or 576p
– 720i or 720p
– 1080i or 1080p
Video Resolution
Video Resolution