LAB TECHNIQUES AND MEASUREMENTS

GSCI1103L – B (GENERAL CHEMISTRY LAB I)

September 28, 2021

Lecturer: Iwan Setiawan, Ph.D.

ACCOUNTING

FACULTY OF BUSINESS

SAMPOERNA UNIVERSITY

2021
 EXPERIMENT 1

Exercise 1 – Measurement

Part 1: Length Measurement

Data Table 1: Length Measurements

  Length (cm) Length (mm) Length (m)
CV or DVD 12.5 125 0.125
Key 5.6 56 0.056
Spoon 16.1 161 0.161
Fork 16.1 161 0.161

Part 2: Temperature Measurement

Data Table 2: Temperature Measurements

  Temperature (deg. C) Temperature (deg. F) Temperature (K)
Hot from Tap 26 78.8 299.15
Boiling 88 190.4 361.15
Boiling for 5 minutes 95 203 368.15
Cold from Tap 22 71.6 295.15
Ice water: 1 minute 7 44.6 280.15
Ice water: 5 minutes 1 33.8 274.15

Part 3: Mass Measurement

Data Table 3: Mass Measurements

Estimated Mass Actual Mass Actual Mass
  (g) (g) (kg)
Pen or Pencil (2B faber castell pencil) 8.4 8.3 0.0083
3 Pennies 7.6 7.5 0.0075
1 Quarter 5.7 5.67 0.00567
2 Quarters, 3 Dimes 18.3 18.144 0.018144
4 Dimes, 5 Pennies 23.42 21.572 0.021572
3 Quarters, 1 Dime, 5 Pennies 32.11 31.778 0.031778
Key 13.24 13.3 0.0133
Key, 1 Quarter, 4 Pennies 29 28.97 0.02897
Exercise 1 – Questions

1. Water boils at 100°C at sea level. If the water in this experiment did not boil at 100°C, what could be the

reason?

Answer: It imay inot ibe iat ithe isea ilevel. The ireason ihere iis iwater ionly iboils iat isea ilevel. iThis imeans
ithat iif iyou imove iwater ito ia idifferent iheight, isay itop iof ia imountain, ithe iboiling itemperature iof
iwater iwould ichange. iThis iis idue ito ithe ipressure idrop iat ihigh iplace. iThe idrop iof ipressure iwould
imake iit iharder ito itransform iwater iliquid ito igas, ithus irequiring imore itemperature.

2. While heating two different samples of water at sea level, one boils at 102°C, and one boils at 99.2°C.

Calculate the percent error for each sample from the theoretical 100.0°C.

Answer:

(102 ° C−100 ° C )
x 100 = 2%
100° C

[99.2 ° C−100 ° C ]
x 100=0.8 %
100 ° C
 EXPERIMENT 2
Exercise 2 – Volume and Density

Part 1: Volume and Density Measurement (Liquid)

Data Table 4: Liquid Measurements

  Water Isopropyl Alcohol
Mass A: Graduated Cylinder (g) 20 20
Volume (mL) 5 5
Mass B: Graduated Cylinder with Liquid (g) 24.8 24
Mass B-A: Liquid (g) 4.8 4
Density (g/mL) 0.96 0.8
Percent Error (%) 4.00% 1.78%

Part 2: Volume and Density Measurement (Solid)

Data Table 5: Magnet-Direct Measurement Method

  Magnet
Mass (g) 4.29
Length (cm) 2.5
Width (cm) 0.6
Height (cm) 0.5
Volume (cm^3) 0.75
Density (g/cm^3) 5.72

Data Table 6: Water Displacement Method

  Magnet Metal Bolt
Mass (g) 4.29 7.95
Initial Vol. of Graduated Cylinder (mL) 8 8
Final Vol. of Graduated Cylinder (mL) 9 9
Object Vol. (mL) 1 1
Density (g/mL) 4.29 7.95

Data Table 7: Archimedes' Method

  Magnet Metal Bolt
Mass (g) 4.29 7.95
Mass of Displaced Water (g) 1.1 1.1
Vol. of Displaced Water (mL) 1.1 1.1
Density (g/mL) 3.9 7.23
Exercise 2 – Questions

1. An unknown, the rectangular substance measures 3.6 cm high, 4.21 cm long, and 1.17 cm wide. If the mass
is 21.3 g, what is this substance’s density (in grams per mililiter)
Answer:
Volume = 3.6 cm x 4.21 cm x 1.17 cm
= 17. 7 cm3

Mass = 21.3 g

Density 21.3 g 1 cm3

= x
17.7 cm3 1 mL
= 1.2 g/mL

2. A sample of gold (Au) has a mass of 26.15 g. Given that the theoretical density is 19.30 g/mL, what is the
volume of the gold sample?
Answer:
Mass
Density =
Volume

19.3 g 26.15 g
=
mL x

19.3 g
= 26.15 g (mL)
(x)

26.15 g (mL)
x =
19.3 g

x = 1.355 mL

3. What would happen if you dropped the object into the beaker while using Archimedes’ Principle method
instead of submerging the object?
Answer: Using iArchimedes iprincipal, iI ibelieve ithe iamount iof iwater idisplaced iwould ihave ibeen iless
idue ito ithe ibuoyancy iof ithe iobject.
4. How did the magnet’s density measurement using the Archimedes’ principle compare to the density
measurement using the calculated volume? Which method might be accurate? Why?
Answer: The icalculated ivolume iused ithe ilength ix ithe iwidth ix ithe iheight ito iget iits ivolume. iI ifeel ithe
imeasurement imethod iwould ibe imore iaccurate ias iit iis iusing iexact imeasurements. iArchimedes iPrincipal
icould ipossibly ibe iflawed iif inot idone iexactly iright.

5. You are given a small piece of gold colored material and want to determine if it is actually gold. Using the
Archimedes’ Principle, you find that the volume is 0.40 cm3 and the mass is 6.0 g. What the conclusions
you can reach from your simple density analysis?
Answer: I ifeel ithat ithe iconclusion iis ithat iit iis inot igold.
 EXPERIMENT 3
Exercise 3 – Concentration, Solution, and Dilution
Data Table 8: Initial Concentration
  Sugar (C12H22O11)
Mass of Volumetric Flask (g) 25
Mass of Sugar (g) 8
Total Volume (mL) 25
Concentration (% m/V) 32%

Data Table 9: Solutions

Initial Volume Final

Solutio Volume Mass Density
Concentratio Transferred Concentration
n (mL) (g) (g/mL)
n % m/V) (mL) (%m/V)

0 25 27.9 1.116 - - 32%

1 25 25.4 1.016 32% 2.5 3.20%
2 25 26 1.04 3.20% 4.5 0.58%
3 25 25.6 1.024 0.58% 3 0.07%
4 25 26.1 1.044 0.07% 6 0.02%

Graph 1: Concentration vs Density

35.00%

30.00%

25.00%
Concentration

20.00%

15.00%

10.00%

5.00%

0.00%
1.12 1.02 1.04 1.02 1.04
Density
Exercise 3 – Questions

1. How would you prepare 10 mL of a 0.25% m/V HCl solution if 1% m/V was available? How much 1%
m/V HCl is needed?
Answer:

To isolve ithis, iwe iuse ithe iequation ibelow, i

M1V1 i= iM2V2

where iM1 iis ithe iconcentration iof ithe istock isolution, iV1 iis ithe ivolume iof ithe istock isolution, iM2 iis
ithe iconcentration iof ithe inew isolution iand iV2 iis iits ivolume.

M1V1 i= iM2V2

1% ix iV1 i= i0.25% ix i10 imL

V1 i=2.5 imL

Therefore, iwe iwill ineed ito ihave i2.5 imL iof ithe i1% iHCl isolution iand i7.5 imL iof idistilled iwater. iIn
imixing ithe itwo iliquids, iwe ishould iremember ithat ithe iorder iof imixing iwould ibe iacid ito iwater. iSo,
iwe iuse ia i10 imL ivolumetric iflask. iPut ismall iamount iof idistilled iwater iand iadd ithe i2.5 imL iof iHCl
isolution. iLastly, idilute iwith idistilled iwater iup ito ithe i10 imL imark.

2. From the graph of concentration vs Density, created in Graph 1, what was the relationship between the
concentration of the sugar solution and the density of the sugar solution?

Answer: As concentration decrease, density decrease to a certain point then starts to become constant.