Titration flow chart:

Test Amount Indicator Titrating reagent Colour change Calculation Technique

(unit) of sample (amount)
MBC (CEC) = ml of methylene blue
added / ml of mud taken. Take 1ml of mud to 10 ml of water taken in a conical flask.
Add 15 ml of 3% H2O2 & 0.5ml of 5(N) H2SO4 Boil the
Equivalent bentonite content solution gently for 10 minutes. Cool it down and dilute the
Methylene Methylene blue Blue halo dye solution to 50 ml with distilled water.
MBC 1-2 ml blue as self- (3.74 g in 1 litre on filter paper Lb/bbl = MBC × 5 Add methylene blue to the flask in 0.5 ml increments and
indicator of water). swirl it for 30 seconds after each drop. Take a drop from
Kg/M3 = MBC × 2.85 × 5 that flask and place it on filter paper. Carry out the above
step until a blue halo dye appears on the filter paper. Check
% = MBC × 2.85 × 5 × 0.1 the volume of methylene blue added.

Take 1 ml of filtrate in a conical flask and dilute it to 20ml.

Salinity 1-2 ml/as K2CrO4 Standard AgNO3 Yellow to Salinity= (N)×58500 × volume of AgNO3 Add 2-3 drops of K2CrO4 indicator to it.
As NaCl per (Potassium [silver nitrate brick red. added/ Volume of sample taken
(ppm) needed Chromate) solution (N)] Add standard AgNO3 solution drop by drop until the
(1-2 drops) yellow solution turns brick red. Note the volume of AgNO3
added

Take 1ml of filtrate and add 5ml of distilled water, 2ml of

ammonia buffer and EBT indicator.
Total 1-2 ml EBT 0.01(M) EDTA Wine red to Total hardness(ppm)
Hardness (Erichrome (1.86gm in 500ml blue = 0.01×1000×V1×100/ ml of sample Titrate the above solution with 0.01(M) EDTA solution.
(ppm) black T) water) taken The end point is reached when the colour changes from
(1-2 drops) wine red to blue. Note down the volume of EDTA added.
(e.g. V1 for total hardness).
 Titration flow chart:
Test (unit) Amount Indicator Titrating Colour change Calculation Technique
of (amount) reagent
sample
Calcium 1-2 ml Calcon/ 0.01(M) Wine red to Calcium content Take 1ml of filtrate and add 5ml of distilled water, 2ml of KOH
content (ppm) Patton-Reeders EDTA blue (ppm) buffer and indicator.
(1-2 drops) (1.86gm in =0.01×40×V2×1000
500ml) Titrate the above solution with 0.01(M) EDTA solution. The end
point is reached when the colour changes from wine red to blue.
Note down the volume of EDTA added. (e.g. V2 for Calcium).

Mud alkalinity 1-2ml Phenolpthalein H2SO4 Pink to Pm = V /ml of mud taken •Pm determination:
(Pm) (Dilute (4-5 drops) (0.02N) colourless Take 1-2ml of mud in a conical flask, dilute it to 50 ml and add 4-5
(cc’s/cc of to 50ml) drops of phenolphthalein indicator. If the solution turns pink, titrate
mud)] the solution with 0.02N H2SO4 solution until the colour changes
from pink to colourless. Note the volume of H2SO4 added (V).

Filtrate 1-2ml Phenolpthalein H2SO4 For Pf Pf = V1/ml of filtrate •Pf determination:

Alkalinity indicator (1-2 (0.02N) determination: Mf = V2/ml of filtrate Take 1ml of filtrate in a conical flask and add 2 drops of
(cc’s/cc of drops). pink to phenolphthalein indicator. If the solution turns pink, titrate the
filtrate) colourless 1. When Pf =Mf, solution with 0.02N H2SO4 solution until the colour changes from
[OH]= Pf×340 mg/l pink to colourless. Note the volume of H2SO4 added. (V1).
(Phenolpthalein Methyl orange For Mf
alkalinity of indicator (1-2 determination: 2.Mf < 2Pf,
filtrate, Pf and drops). yellow to pink. [OH]=[2Pf-Mf]×340 mg/l
Methyl orange [CO3]=[2(Mf-Pf)]×600 mg/l •Mf determination:
alkalinity of the To the same titrated solution, add 2-3 drops of methyl orange. If the
filtrate , Mf) 3. Mf= 2Pf solution turns yellow, add 0.02N H2SO4 drop wise until the yellow
[CO3]= Mf×600 mg/l solution turns pink. Note the total volume (V2) of H2SO4 added
(including V1).
4.Mf> 2Pf,
[CO3]= 2Pf×600 mg/l
[HCO3] = (Mf-2Pf)×1200 mg/l

5. Pf=0
[HCO3] = Mf×1220 mg/l

Note: If the filtrate is black coloured (Test: determination of hardness) , then 10 ml of sodium perchlorate should be added to the solution and it should be boiled for 10 minutes prior to
addition of any other chemicals.