List of chicken breeds

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Thirty types of known chickens

There are hundreds of chicken breeds in existence.[1] Domesticated for thousands of

years, distinguishable breeds of chicken have been present since the combined factors
of geographical isolation and selection for desired characteristics created regional types
with distinct physical and behavioral traits passed on to their offspring. [2]

The physical traits used to distinguish chicken breeds are

size, plumage color, comb type, skin color, number of toes, amount of feathering,
nipple(areola) color, egg color, and place of origin.[1] They are also roughly divided by
primary use, whether for eggs, meat, or ornamental purposes, and with some
considered to be dual-purpose.[1]

In the 21st century, chickens are frequently bred according to predetermined breed

standards set down by governing organizations. The most commonly used of such
standards is the Standard of Perfection published by the American Poultry
Association (APA), the oldest livestock organization in the New World.[3][4] Others include
European standards (especially British ones), and that of the American Bantam
Association, which deals exclusively withbantam fowl.[4] Only some of the known breeds
are included in these publications, and only those breeds are eligible to
be shown competitively. There are additionally a few hybrid strains which are common in
the poultry world, especially in large poultry farms. These types are first generation
crosses of true breeds. Hybrids do not reliably pass on their features to their offspring,
but are highly valued for their producing abilities. [1]
 Table of contents

By place of

origin: Australia • Austria • Belgium • Brazil • Bulgaria • Canada • Chile • China •Croatia • Cuba • Czechia • Egypt • Finland • France • German

y • Greece • India • Indonesia •Iran • Italy • Japan • Korea • Kosovo • Malaysia • Netherlands • New

Zealand • Norway •Pakistan • Philippines • Portugal • Romania • Russia • Serbia • Slovakia • Spain • Switzerland •Turkey • Ukraine • United

Kingdom • United States • Vietnam

By primary use: Eggs • Meat • Dual-purpose • Exhibition

Other: Bantams • Hybrids

See also   •    Footnotes   •    References

[edit]By place of origin

[edit]Australia

 Australorp
 Australekin
[edit]Austria

 Altsteirer
 Sulmtaler
[edit]Belgium

This d'Everberg rooster is one of a profusion of Belgian ornamental bantam chickens

 Barbu de Watermael  Campine

 Belgian Bearded d'Anvers (or Antwerp  Brabanter
Belgian)  Braekel (Br
 Bearded d'Uccle akel)
 Belgian d'Everberg
[edit]Brazil
 Balazēo
Cealio
 Brazilian
Grey
 Kalabèo
[edit]Bulgaria

Black Shumen chicken

 Black Shumen chicken

 Starozagorska red chicken
[edit]Canada

 Chantecler
 Red Shaver
[edit]Chile

 Araucana
[edit]China

The Silkie is iconic for its unusual fur-like plumage

 Cochin
 Croad Langshan
 Nankin
 Pekin
 Silkie
[edit]Croatia

 Croatian Dwarf chicken (Hrvatska patuljasta kokoš)

 Dalmatian chicken (Dalmatinska kokoš)
 Hrvatica (Hrvatica)
 Križevac Crested chicken (Križevačka kukmasta kokoš)
 Sava Crested chicken (Posavska kukumasta kokoš)
 Slavonian Dwarf Naked Neck chicken (Slavonska patuljasta golovrata kokoš)
[edit]Cuba

Cubalaya

 Cubalaya
[edit]Czechia

 Czech gold brindled hen (Česká slepice zlatá kropenatá, Česká zlatá kropenka,
Češka)
 Šumavanka
[edit]Egypt

 Egyptian Fayoumi
[edit]Finland

 Finnish Chickens
[edit]France
Faverolles

 Bresse  Houd
 Bourbon an
naise  La
 Crèvecœ Flèche
ur  Mara
 Faverolle ns
s
[edit]Germany

 Annaberger chicken
 Augsburger chicken
 Bergischer Long Crower
 Bergischer Schlotterkamm
 Bielefelder
 Deutscher Sperber
 Deutsches Reichshuhn
 Dresdner chicken
 East Frisian Gull
 German Faverolles
 German Langshan
 Hamburg
 Kraienköppe (Twentse)
 Lakenvelder
 Niederrheiner chicken
 Pfalz chicken (Pfälzer Kampfhuhn)
 Phoenix
 Ramelsloher
 Rheinlander
 Saxonian Chickens
 Sundheimer chicken
 Thuringian Bearded chicken
 Vogtländer chicken
 Vorwerk
 Westphalian chicken
[edit]Greece

Source [5]

 Alonissos island Chicken

 Boufunes
 Curly Chicken Mutation
 Follidotes Chicken
 Greek Cuckoo spotted chicken
 Hooded Greek Chicken
 Chios Fighting Chicke
 Kalamata Chicken
 Komotini Long Crow Chicken
 Lesvos Dwarf Naked Necked Chicken
 Lesvos Fillianes Chicken
 Milos Island Chicken
 Pomak Fighting Chicken
[edit]India

 Giri Raja (The Forest King)

 Kalinga Brown
 Mumbai Desi
 Grama Lakshmi
 Naati Kori(Kudla)
[edit]Indonesia
Sumatra cock

 Ayam Cemani
 Bekisar (interspecific hybrid)
 Sumatra (chicken)
 Kedu (nationally standardized)
 Nunukan/Tawao
 Pelung (long-crower, locally standardized)
 Ketawa ("laughing" or staccato-crower, local bred from Rappang, South
Sulawesi)
 Bali
[edit]Iran

 Manx Rumpy (or Rumpless Game)

 Orloff [3][6]
[edit]Italy

Leghorn
 Ancona
 Leghorn
 Sicilian Buttercup
[edit]Japan

 Japanese Bantam (or Chabo)

 Shamo (or Ko-Shamo)
 Tomaru
 Totenko
 Onagadori
[edit]Korea

 Gangwon Jaeraedak
 Jangmigye
 Yeongsan ogye
 Han Do
[edit]Kosovo

 Kosova Long Crowing Roster

[edit]Malaysia

 Malay
 Serama
[edit]Marianas

 Saipan Jungle Fowl

[edit]Netherlands
A Barnevelder trio

 Barnevelde  North Holland

r Blue
 Booted  Polish
Bantam  Welsummer
 Dutch
Bantam
 Hamburg
[edit]New Zealand

 Bawu Hawu
 New Zealand Junglefowl
 Waki Waki Hawa
[edit]Norway

 Norwegian Jærhøne
[edit]Pakistan

 Asil (or Aseel)
 Afghan game fowl
 Buff chicken
[edit]Philippines

 Philippine Native Chicken

[edit]Poland

 Green-legged Chicken
 Poland
[edit]Portugal

 Pedrês Portuguesa
 Amarela
 Preta Lusitânica
[edit]Romania

Naked Neck

 Transylvanian Naked Neck

[edit]Russia

 Orloff
 Yurlov Crower
[edit]Serbia

 Banat Naked Neck (Banatski gološijan)

 Sombor chicken (Somborska kaporka)
 Svrljig chicken (Svrljiška kokoš) [7]
[edit]Slovakia

 Oravka
[edit]Spain
A Minorca rooster

 Andalusian  Pardo de León

 Asturian Painted  Pedresa
Hen  Penedesenca
 Castilian  Pintarrazada
 Catalana or Prat  Pita Pinta Asturiana
Leonada  Serrana de Teruel
 Empordanesa  Sobrarbe
 Euskal oiloa
 Extremaduran  Spanish game

 Flor d'Ametller  Sureña

 Ibiza  Utrerana

 Indio de León  White-Faced Black

Spanish
 Majorca
 Minorca
 Murciana
[edit]Switzerland

 Appenzeller (Barthühner and Spitzhauben)

 Schweizer chicken (Schweizerhuhn)
[edit]Turkey

 Sultan
 Hint Horoz
 Gerze
[edit]Ukraine

 Poltava
[edit]United Kingdom
The Buff variety of Orpington, here a rooster, is quite popular breed for smaller flocks.
 Derbyshire Redcap
 Dorking
 Indian Game (or
Cornish)
 Ixworth
 Marsh Daisy
 Modern Game
 Muffed Old English
Game
 Norfolk Grey
[edit]United States
 Ameraucana
 American Game 
 Blue Hen of
Delaware
 Brahma
 Buckeye
 California Gray
 California White 
 Delaware
 Dominique
 Holland
 Old English Game
 Old English Pheasant
Fowl
 Orpington
 Rosecomb
 Scots Dumpy
 Scots Grey
 Sebright
 Sussex
 Yokohama
 Iowa Blue
Java
 Jersey Giant
 Lamona
 New Hampshire
 Plymouth Rock (or Barred Rock,
Rock)
Rhode Island Red
 Rhode Island White
 Winnebago
 Wyandotte
[edit]Vietnam

 Ac
 Ga Noi
 Ga Tre
[edit]By primary use
All chickens lay eggs, have edible meat, and possess a unique appearance. However,
distinct breeds are the result of selective breeding to emphasize certain traits. Any breed
may technically be used for general agricultural purposes, and all breeds are shown to
some degree. But each chicken breed is known for a primary use.

[edit]Eggs

Araucanas are one of the only breeds to lay blue or green eggs, and can be recognized by their lack of tail and
distinctive ear tufts

Many breeds were selected and are used primarily for producing eggs, these are mostly
light-weight birds whose hens do not go broody often.

 Ameraucana
 Ancona
 Andalusian
 Araucana
 Asturian Painted
Hen
 Barnevelder
 Campine
 Catalana
 Easter Egger
 Egyptian Fayoumi
 Leghorn
 Marans
 Minorca
 Orloff
 Penedesenca
 Sicilian Buttercup
 White-Faced Black
Spanish
 Welsummer
 Norwegian
Jærhøne
 Kraienköppe (Twe
ntse)
 Lakenvelder
[edit]Meat

Some breeds are preferred for meat alone, though the commercial broiler market is
currently monopolized by the Cornish-Rock (a hybrid of the Cornish and Plymouth
Rock). Many smaller farms and homesteads use dual-purpose breeds for meat
production.

 Bresse
 Indian Game (or Cornish Game)
 Ixworth
 Jersey Giant
[edit]Dual-purpose

The Barred Plymouth Rock is a very popular dual-purpose breed

The generalist breeds used in barnyards the world over are adaptable utility birds good
at producing both meat and eggs. Though some may be slightly better for one of these
purposes, they are usually called dual-purpose breeds.

 Australorp  Naked Neck

 Brahma  New
 Braekel (Brake Hampshire
l)  Norfolk Grey
 Buckeye  Orpington
 California  Plymouth Rock
Gray  Poltava
 Chantecler  Red Shaver
 Cubalaya  Rhode Island
 Derbyshire Red
Redcap  Rhode Island
 Dominique White

 Dorking  Scots Dumpy

 Faverolles  Scots Grey

 Holland  Sussex

 Iowa Blue  Winnebago

 Java  Wyandotte

 Jersey Giant
 Marsh Daisy
[edit]Exhibition

Since the 19th century, poultry fancy, the breeding and competitive

exhibition of poultry as a hobby, has grown to be a huge influence on chicken breeds.
Many breeds have always been kept for ornamental purposes, and others have been
shifted from their original use to become first and foremost exhibition fowl, even if they
may retain some inherent utility. Since the sport of cockfighting has been outlawed in the
developed world, most breeds first developed for this purpose, called game fowl, are
now seen principally in the show ring rather than the cock pit.
Key

U
 denotes a breed primarily used for exhibition, but which is still used for utility purposes.

G
 denotes a game breed.

Modern Games were developed purely for exhibition

 American Game G  Nankin
G
 Asil   Old English
 Appenzeller U Game G

 Barbu de Watermael  Pekin

 Belgian Bearded  Phoenix

d'Anvers  Polish U
 Bearded d'Uccle  Rosecomb
 Belgian d'Everberg  Sebright
 Blue Hen of  Serama
G
Delaware   Shamo G
 Booted Bantam  Silkie
 Cochin  Sultan
 Crèvecœur U  Sumatra
U
 Croad Langshan   Vorwerk U
 Dutch Bantam  Yokohama
 Frizzle
 Ga NoiG
 Hamburg U
 Houdan U
 Japanese Bantam
 Jangmigye
 La Flèche U
 Malay G
 Modern Game
[edit]Bantams

Sebrights, such as this Golden cockerel, are among the most popular of bantams
Most large chicken breeds have a bantam counterpart, sometimes referred to as
a miniature. Miniatures are usually one-fifth to one-quarter the size of the standard
breed, but they are expected to exhibit all of the standard breed's characteristics. A true
bantam has no large counterpart, and is naturally small. The true bantams include:

 Belgian Bearded  Japanese

d'Anvers Bantam
 Belgian Bearded  Nankin
d'Uccle  Pekin
 Belgian d'Everberg  Rosecomb
 Booted Bantam  Sebright
 Dutch Bantam  Serama
 Silkie
[edit]Cross-breeds

See also Category:Chicken hybrids

Many common strains of cross-bred chickens exist, but none breed true or are
recognized by poultry breed standards. Thus, though they are extremely common in
flocks focusing on high productivity, cross-breeds do not technically meet the definition
of a breed. Most cross-breed strains are sex linked, allowing for easy chick sexing.

 Black Sex Link (also called Black Stars)

 Red Sex Link (also called Red Stars)
 ISA Brown
 Lohmann Brown
 Daisy Belle
 Cream Legbar
 Cornish-Rock
 Easter Egger
 Broiler
[edit]

CHICKEN BREEDS

General Information

India has made considerable progress in broiler production in the last two decades. High quality chicks,
equipments, vaccines and medicines are available. With an annual output of 41.06 billion eggs and 1000 million
broilers, India ranks fourth largest producer of eggs and fifth largest producer of poultry broiler in the world. The
broiler production has also sky rocketed at an annual growth rate of about 15 percent at present. Broiler farming
has been given considerable importance in the national policy and has a good scope for further development in
the years to come.

 Advantages of Chicken farming

 Initial investment is a little lower than layer farming.

 Rearing period is 6-7 weeks only.
 More number of flocks can be taken in the same shed.
 Broilers have high feed conversion efficiency i.e. least amount of feed is required for unit body weight
gain in comparison to other livestock.
 Faster return from the investment.
 Demand for poultry meat is more compared to sheep/Goat meat.

Classification of Breeds of Poultry

 American Class

Eg. New Hampshire, white Plymouth Rock, Rhode Island Red, Wyandote II.

Plymouth Rock

 Mediterranean Class:

They are light bodied and well developed for high egg production.
Eg. Leghorn, Minorca, Ancona

Leghorn

 English Class

They are mostly utility breeds noted for their excellent flushing properties. Eg. Australorp, Cornish, Sussex,
Orphington

 Asiatic Class

They are large bodied with heavy bones feathered shanks and poor layers.
  Indian breeds

Eg. Aseel (Fighting purpose), Chitlagong, Kadacknath (Resh is black in colour) Bursa

Commercial Broiler strains

Eg. Cobb, Hubbard, Lohman, Anak 2000, Avian -34, Starbra, Sam rat etc.,

Commercial Layer Strains

Eg.BV-300, Bowans, Hyline, H & N nick, Dekalb Lohman etc.

Broiler: Broiler are young chicken of either sex, which are reared primarily for
meat purposes and marketed at an age of 6-8 weeks
,.
Grower: The management of birds during 9-20 weeks or to the point of laying is
referred to as grower period.

Layer: The management of birds during 21-72 weeks of age for the purpose of laying eggs (egg production).

(Source: Dr.Paul Pricely Rajkumar, AC&RI, Madurai )

Breeds of Chicken

Chickens are grown for their egg and meat. Likewise they are classified as egg-type chicken and meat-types
chickens. Egg type chickens are composed of stock that has been developed for egg production and are
maintained for the principal purpose of producing chicks for the ultimate production of eggs for human
consumption. Breeds of meat type chickens primarily include broilers, fryers, roasters, and other meat type
chickens. Here broilers and other chickens are raised for their meat. Broilers are genetically selected for fast
growth and raised for meat rather than eggs e.g. White Synthetic Male line (WSML), white synthetic dam line
(SDL), coloured synthetic male line (CSML), coloured synthetic female line (CSFL), introgression of frizzle gene
etc.
                              
Native breeds of egg type chicken in India

Body Age at sexual Annual egg

Egg weight at Hatchability
Breed weight maturity production Fertility
40 weeks (g) FES (5)
(20 weeks) (days) (No.)
Aseel 1220 196 92 50 66 63
Frizzle 1005 185 110 53 61 71
Kadaknath 920 180 105 49 55 52
Naked neck 1005 201 99 54 66 71

(Source: Central Avian Research Institute)

Indigenous Breeds

The common control hen, the desi, is as a rule the best mother for hatching. She is a good forager. Some of the
Indian flows resemble the Leghorn in size and shape, but have poor laying qualities. They are Found in various
colours. one variety found in India resembles the sussex or Plymouth Rock in shape but is smaller. These birds
lay family well and are more common in the eastern parts of the country. 

The Indian birds are mostly non-descripts, and are of very little value as layers. They have several local breed
names such as Tenis, Naked Neck, Punjab, Brown, Ghagus, Lolab, Kashmir Faberella, Tilri, Busra, Telllicherry,
Danki, Nicorai and Kalahasti. There are only 4 pure breeds Karaknath and the Busra. The last occurs in western
India. A large number of flows of different size, shapes and colours, and for the most part resembling the jungle
fowls, are found all over India. They vary in appearance according to the locality in which they have been bred.
These with Chittagong, Aseel, Langshan or Brahma blood in them are bigger in size and better in meat quality
than the common flows.

Aseel
Aseel is noted for its pugnacity, high stamina, majestic gait and dogged fighting qualities. The best specimens of
the breed, although rare, and encountered in parts of Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Rsjasthan. The most
popular varieties are peela (golden red), yarkin (black and red), Nurie 89(white), kagar (black), chitta (black and
white silver), Teekar (brown) and Reza (light red). Although poor in productivity, the birds of this breed are well-
known for their meat qualities. Broodiness in most common and the hen is a good sitter and efficient mother.
They possess pea combs which are small  but firmly set on head. Wattles and ear lobes are bright red, and the
beak is hart. The face is long and slender, and not covered with feather. The eyes are compact, well set and
present bold looks. The neck is long, uniformly thick but no fleshy. The body is round and short with broad breast
straight back and close - set strong tail root. The general feathering is close, scanty and almost absent on the
Brest. The plumage has practically no fluff and the feathers are tough. The tail is small and drooping. The legs
are strong, straight, and set well apart. Standard weight (kg): Cocks, 4 to 5; hen 3 to 4; cockerrels, 3.5 to 4.5;
pullets, 2.5  to 3.5.

Aseel

Karaknath

The original name of the breed seems to be Kalamasi, meaning a fowl with black flesh. However, it is popularly
known as Karaknath. The eggs are light brown. The day-old chicks are bluish to black with irregular dark stripes
over the the back. The adult plumage varies from silver and gold-spangled to bluish-black without any spangling. 
The skin, beak, shanks, toes and soles of feet are slatelike in colour.The comb, wattles and tongue are purple.
Most of the internal organs show intense black colouration which is pronounced in trachea, thoracic and
abdominal air-sacs, gonads and at the base of  the heart and mesentery. Varying degrees of block colouration
are also seen in the skeletal muscles, tendons, nerves, meninges, brain etc. The blood is darker than normal
blood. The black pigment has been due to deposition of melanin, The flesh although repulsive to look at, is
delicious. A medium layer, lays about 80 eggs per year. The bird is resistant to diseases in its natural habitat in
free range but is more susceptible to Mareks disease under intensive rearing conditions. 
(Source: Dr.Acharya, Handbook of Animal Husbandry)

Kadaknath
 Naked neck
( Photo source: kvk Namakkal ) 

Other commercial breeds of broiler chicken in India

Net egg 
50% Peak Egg Feed Egg
First Livabilit productio
Breed Productio productio productio efficienc weigh
egg y n (72
n n n peak y t
weeks)
Grower
17-18 26-28 (96%)
ILI-80 150 days 92% 2.1 54 g 280 eggs
weeks weeks Layer
(94%)
Grower
Golden- 18-19 27-29 (96%)
155 days 90% 2.2 54 g 265 eggs
92 weeks weeks Layer
(94%)
Grower
17-18 26-28 (96%)
Priya 150 days 92% 2.1 57 g 290 eggs
weeks weeks Layer
(94%)
Grower
18-19 27-29 (96%)
Sonali 155 days 90% 2.2 54 g 275 eggs
weeks weeks Layer
(94%)
Grower
Devendr 18-19 27-29 (97%)
155 days 90% 2.5 50 g 200 eggs
a weeks weeks Layer
(94%)

(Source: Central Avian Research Institute)                                

Commercial available meat-type chicken in India

Weight at Food
Weight at six Livability
Breed seven weeks conversion
weeks (g) (%)
(g) ratio
B-77 1300 1600 2.3 98-99
CARIBRO-91 1650 2100 1.94-2.2 97-98
CARIBRO Multicoloured 1600 2000 1.9-2.1 97-98
CARIBRO Naked
1650 2000 1.9-2.0 97-98
necked
Varna 1500 1800 2.1-2.25 97