Michael Vince acmillan nglish rammar In Context Advanced15 16 7 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 present simple, present continuous (1) present simple, present continuous (2) past time present perfect future time tense contrasts passive hearsay reporting have and get something done, other uses of get conditiohal and if-sentences (1) conditional and if-sentences (2) unreal past tense modals (1): obligation, recommendation, ability modals (2): possibility, certainty modals (3): other uses would indirect speech report verbs questions articles (1) articles (2) number and quantity nouns pronouns, so, it, there 20 24 56 60 68 R 38, 92 96 100 10 4Unit Topic 25 adjectives 26 — adjectives with infinitive or -ing 27 adverbs 28 making comparisons 29 place and movement, prepositional phrases 30 time words 31 verb and preposition 32 prepositions with adjectives and nouns 33 verbs followed by -ing or infinitive 34 relative and non-finite clauses 35 adverbial clauses 36 adverbial participle clauses 37 phrasal verbs (1) 38 phrasal verbs (2) 39 phrasal verbs (3) 40 — organizing text (1) 41 — organizing text (2) 42 organizing text (3) 43 inversion and fronting 44 — emphasis Review Wordlist Grammar index Page 118 124 128 132 136 142 146 150 154 158 162 166 170 174 178 184 188 192 198 204 208 220 224present simple, present continuous (1) basic uses of present simple and present continuous ‘© Use present simple for facts, or things that always happen. Water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit and 0 degrees Celsius. ‘See water contains on average 2.7% salt by weight. ‘© Use present simple for routines and habits. The birds return to the island every spring. Fiddler crabs turn red when they become angry. ‘© Use present continuous for actions happening at the moment of speaking, and not finished. Sorry, Im busy at the moment. fm doing my homework. ‘© Present continuous is also used for actions happening generally around the time of speaking, rather than exactly atthe same time. {fm reading a really interesting book. state and action verbs Some verbs have meanings which refer to states or conditions, and others have meanings which refer ‘to actions. State verbs are either only used in simple form, or have a different meaning when used in continuous form. state verbs normally in present simple ‘© belong, consist of, contain, cost, depend on, deserve, matter, own, possess, resemble Does this belong to you? Fresh fruit contains a range of vitamins. © believe, imagine, know, prefer, realize, understand, mean Some people stil believe thatthe Earth is fa © seem This seems to be what we're looking for ‘© costis sometimes used in continuous to describe a process that is still going on. We're having a house built, and it's casting a fortune! © realize, regret, understand ‘These are normally used with state meanings in present simple, but can be used in continuous to show a changing situation, usually with an adverbial which shows that change is happening. Some people don't realize how dangerous cars can be, People are slowly realizing the cost of global warming. Do you understand this point? We're understanding more and more about the universe verbs with state and action meanings state action © do What do you do? (= what's your job) What are you doing? (= explain your actions) © be, have Tis house is over 100 years ld, He is being very ily! Do you have a car? 11m having a great time here ‘© imagine, suppose, think, expect | suppose this is. jim. You're supposing he is quily = make an assumption) imagine you feel the same. Ghosts! No, you'r imagining things! What do you think? (= have an opinion) What are you thinking? 1'm thinking of charging jobs (= considering) ‘don't expect him to understand ‘Are you expecting someone?© hope, wonder ‘hope you haven't been wating long. Vee hoping to continue the tals next week (es definite) 1 enjoy ike, love Normally state verbs, but often used in continuous or actions going on at the moment J enjoy Tove going for ong walks ‘Are you enjoying te party? {tm loving every minute of my new job! © appear Your 5a appears to be out of date Toms appearing in Hamlet atthe Grand Theatre © look With the state meaning of ‘seem, Jook can be used in present simple only, This book looks interesting In descriptions of appearance, /ook can be used in both simple and continuous. Jim looks il. Helen is looking wel, see, hear ‘see hear you've had your haircut. Jane & seeing Harry (2 spending time with) ‘doh hear any noises. You're hearing things! (= imagining) © feel, see, smell, taste The room smells aviul! £'m smelling the flowers! (an active choice) ‘© ache, feel, hurt Verbs that describe how the body feels can use either simple or continuous forms with little change in meaning My foot hurts. ‘My foot is hurting, feel sick fm feeling sick © weigh, measure This bag weighs more than 25 kilos. Ym weighing the parcel before | post it 1'm smelling the cheese, it smells ‘off to me. What are you doing? Note that what is said here about present simple and present continuous s generally rue for simple and ‘continuous use in other tenses. © present simple, present continuous (1)1 Underline the correct form. 2 Some kinds of fish contain / are containing high levels of dangerous metals. Scientists nowadays slowly begin to understand / are slowly beginning to understand more about how the brain works. What do you think / are you thinking of Kate's new hairstyle? t's unusual, isn’t it? Loud music can be really annoying. Some people don't realize / arent realizing what a nuisance it can be. © You can’t really have seen a UFO! You imagine / are imagining things! £ Technicians report that they have / are having difficulty installing the new computer system. «No wine for me! I take /’m taking antibiotics for an ear infection, hh In career terms, having a good degree appears / is appearing to make litte difference. i The National Theatre considers /is considering putting on a new production of Uncle Vanya. |) Does this wallet belong /Is this wallet belonging to you? Underline the present simple / continuous verb errors in the text. Write a correction at the end of the line where necessary. 15 Tiptree @ warwick veg 7A Friday, 15th October Hi everyone, have problems getting 4 new phone connection Kare, $0 instead alm having (OF sending e-mails as usualy Z'm actually sitting down to write a b letter, im imagining youl be surprised +o get this as T\Ve never been « much of @ letter-writer. Dm putting tHe veturn address in big d letters at he top, becouse to tell you the truth Z'm beginning to Feet e quite lonely here, Wel, perhaps I'm not mening +hat evactly. There are plenty of f peopKE For me to tale to. In fact I Sette in to the studlont like quite 9 well, but I don't really know anyone yet. I'VE got a room in a kouse h 4: lng soy Eom college, and I'm seeming to spend a long time on i +tHe bus. A lot of students here eytle, so I'm trying to Find a cheap i bike, ancl I also think of moving weorer to college when I can Find k Somewhere. Sorry - an interruption, someone knocks at te door. More 1 later. Later. One of the girls downstairs is a party, and Z'm invited. m And +He phon line has been Cixéay So I'm expecting you'll ct an €= a mail from me very soon! In fact, I consider tearing up this letter, So ° ust ignore everything I've said.w 2 3 2 a 3 Complete the text with the present simple or present continuous form of the verb in brackets. European traffic accident rates fail to meet targets ‘Athough the numberof deaths BBB n trac accidents in the EU a go down) 8, qoing down. experts built) to find ways of reuing the number thoughout the EU to around 25,000 tS) er yearby 2010. Tae sty cimorove) tut experts d (believe) that \aeing the 2010 goal wit prove ditfcut REE stat tse (show) that in 2006 inthe €U 41,600 poople were hid in road accidents, Athough progress has been made, most experts og) that this igure wil have fallen to ony around 32,000 by 2010, wien 4 (nears) thatthe EU ft wl be missed by about 7,000. On te ater hard, 2 the amount of rtf (nrease, tis possible RBAWE HE the situation isnt realy as bee asi # ook) However one j (interpret the statistics, k (remain) true tata tne goos on, (become tarde and harder to redo the fgues, especialy since acidentredction schemes m (cst) a lot of money. Many counties hve tried and failed to reduce the numberof accidents, and in the EU as 2 whole, ony Sweden 1 (pursue) the goal of zero ecidens. Accident eduction s more cific or newer EU members io o (erent face ‘ery rapid grt in afc and p (ave) citaty inbuicing new roads ond in intocucng safety MBBBUFES at a fost enough rate. To complicate matters, most new members @ (have very litle experience in dealing withthe demands of heey tate routes’) that any safety programe must aso set abott changing the way rivers s behave) Despite what peole otter (say) itu (seem to be the younger generation that v (cause) rrost acidents. TNE Wh this esearch, many counties w (introduce) out crving tests, and x (concentrate) ‘on the main causes of accidents: speed, feekless[oveftakng, alcohol, and ovexeontidence, Bae aiad Write four sentences about yourself using these verbs enjoy hope regret think (of +ing) Use a dictionary and write an example for each of these verbs, using present simple, belong consist of contain cost depend on deserve matter own possess resemble © present simple, present continuous (1)present simple, present continuous (2) more uses of present simple Present simple is also used ¢ in informal spoken instructions, with you. You open this part ofthe camera here. Then you take out the battery Formal written instructions such as recipes use the imperative form. Take 300g of flour. Add three eggs. in newspaper headlines to describe events, There are other conventions for writing headlines, such as leaving out articles, using active verbs, and preferring short words. ‘© for performative verbs accept, apologize, dare, deny, understand, see (with a meaning of ‘understand’) etc. These are verbs which, when used in present simple, describe an action as the ‘word is spoken. agree with you. | accept your offer. Junderstand see. a Thank you, accept your offer ‘© for verbs reporting news: gather, hear, see, tel, say, understand. hear you've got a new job, People tell me she's difficult to work with We understand that the house is now forsale. (Gee Unit 19, reporting verbs) ‘© in here comes, there goes, here lies. These expressions include inversion of verb and subject. Here comes trouble! There goes a brave man! Here lies Joho Smith, (written on a tomb) colloquial narrative and commentary Although narrative generally uses past tenses, there are uses of present simple and present continuous in everyday speech, ‘© Injokes, present simple can be used instead of past simple for narrative events, and present continuous instead of past continuous. ‘Aman goes to see his psychiatrist. He says he is having problems because he imagines he's a pair of curtains. The psychiatrist tells him to pull himself together. ‘© Insports commentaries, present simple is often used to describe events happening as the commentator speaks. ‘And now Rooney crosses the half-way line and passes 10 iogs. Present continuous is also used in commentaries for continuous and changing events, And the two Italians are moving up in the outside ane.‘© Plot summaries in films and books are generally in present simple, Tom and Dassy are an old couple vito live a dul life in a suburb of Birmingham. But everything changes when their granddaughter Karen cames to stay. ‘summary of meaning in the continuous ‘© verbs that describe activities which continue for some time, eg play, rain, read, work, write etc Its raining. The children are playing upstairs Note that the activity may not be going on at the exact moment of speaking. I'm reading Hay Potter and the Goblet of Fire, (| haven't finished it yet, but 'm not reading at this moment) ‘verbs that describe a changing situation, eg change, get + adjective, grow, increase etc It's getting dark. Computers are changing al! the time. repeated actions with continually etc In everyday speech we can use present continuous with an adverb such as continually, forever, constantly, always to criticize actions that we feel ar irritating or annoying, or which we wish to exaggerate. The adverb is usually stressed in speech, You are continually interrupting! He's forever getting into trouble! Is that my jacket? Give it back, you're always ‘wearing my clothes! simple or continuous? In some cases, the choice between simple and continuous is part of the attitude of the writer or speaker, especially in explanations and descriptions of situations, Professor Thome explains that some patients eat too much because they grow up in families with poor eating habits Professor Thome exolains that some patients are eating too much because they are growing up in families with poor eating habits, The first example (present simple) describes something that is generally true, the second (oresent .4t ‘el MACMILLAN err ay EEE) Aggrammar reference book that takes students from the traditional practice of grammar forms through to topic-based practice exercises Oe re ere er eee celal grammar points Arange of wellknown exercise types to build student confidence Topic-based exercises from areas such as Science, History and The Ars, whch practise the grammar in context Oe eect See er nnn Pee Recon) Included on the CD-ROM + A glossary ofall words that are highlighted in the book + Extra practice foreach unit See een ey Tes Grammar In Context | Grammar in Context Essential mediate Macmillan English or 978-1-4050-7051-5 ened eee Without key EAE CLI 97805071082 eon PET / FCE CAE / CPE Uc TE aia PU : I l l| rons