PRE-NATAL

DEVELOPME
NT
MODULE 11
PREPARED BY:
BALANAG, LYNN MARSHA O.
OBEJECTIVES :
1. TO ABLE TO DEFINE AND UNDERSTAND PRE-NATAL
DEVELOPMENT.

2. TO BE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND AND DIFFERENTIATE THE

STAGES OF PRE-NATAL DEVELOPMENT.

3. TO BE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND THE NEW CHANGES IN FETAL

DEVELOPMENT EACH WEEK.
WHAT IS PRE-NATAL DEVELOPMENT?
❑ THE TERM “NATAL” MEANS BIRTH.
❑ IT REFERS TO THE PROCESS IN WHICH A BABY DEVELOPS
FROM A SINGLE CELL AFTER CONCEPTION INTO AN EMBRYO
AND LATER ON, TO A FETUS.
Human Life begins at Conception:

❑ The union of a male sperm cell and egg

cell to form a new organism

❑ 38 weeks or approximately nine months of

gestation commonly known as “Pregnancy”

❑ From the beginning as a one-cell structure

to your birth, your pre-natal development
occurred in an orderly and delicate
sequence.
3 STAGES OF PRE-NATAL DEVELOPMENT

❑ GERMINAL
❑ EMBRYONIC
❑ FETAL
GERMINAL STAGE ( 0-2 weeks )
❑ THE 1ST STAGE OF THE PRE-NATAL DEVELOPMENT MEASURED
FROM THE MOMENT OF CONCEPTION.
❑ CONCEPTION OCCURS WHEN A SPERM PENETRATES AN OVUM
(EGG) AND THE GENETIC MATERIAL FUSE TOGETHER TO
MAKE A SINGLE CELL CALLED ZYGOTE.
❑ THE EGG OR THE OVUM SLOWLY
TRAVELS THROUGH THE FALLOPIAN
TUBE AND THE SPERM ARE
PRESENT IN THAT LOCATION, ONE
OF THIS SPERM MAY UNITE WITH
THE OVUM IN THE PROCESS CALLED
FERTILIZATION.
❑ THE FERTILIZED EGG WHICH WE CALL THE ZYGOTE IS A
SINGLE CELL BUT ITS SOON BEGINS TO DIVIDE.

❑ THE FIRST DIVISION TO PRODUCE TWO CELLS TAKES PLACE

WITHIN 24-36 HOURS AFTER FERTILIZATION.

❑ THE CELLS DIVIDE FIRST TO FORM

A BALL OF CELLS CALLED
MORULA WHICH THEN DEVELOPS
INTO THE BLASTOCYST THAT
INVOLVES OF THE CAVITY WITHIN
THE MORULA.
MORUL
A BLASTOCYS
T
❑ THE CELLS IN THE COURSE OF DIVIDING, TRAVEL DOWN
THE FALLOPIAN TUBE AND ENTER THE WOMB WHERE
THE BLASTOCYST IMPLANTS ITSELF INTO THE WALL OF
THE UTERUS.

❑ ONCE IT DOES THE NEXT STAGE BEGINS.

EMBRYONIC STAGE ( 3-8 WEEKS )
❑ THE 2ND STAGE OF THE PRE-NATAL
DEVELOPMENT, MEASURED FROM THE
IMPLANTATION UNTIL THE END OF THE
8TH WEEK AFTER CONCEPTION.

❑ SOON AFTER IMPLANTATION, THE

CELLS CONTINUE TO RAPIDLY DIVIDE
AND CLUSTERS OF CELLS BEGIN TO
TAKE ON DIFFERENT FUNCTION CALLED
DIFFERENTIATION

❑ A PROCESS GASTRULATION LEADS TO

THE FORMATION OF THE DISTINCT
GERM LAYERS.
OUTER MIDDLE INNER
LAYER LAYER LAYER
❑ THE PROCESS OF DIFFERENTIATION TAKES PLACE OVER A
PERIOD OF WEEK WITH DIFFERENT STRUCTURES FORMING
SIMULTANEOUSLY.

❑ SOME OF THE MAJOR EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING THE

EMBRYONIC STAGE ARE AS FOLLOWS :

❖ Week 3: Beginning development of the:

✔ brain
✔ heart
✔ blood cells
✔ circulatory system
✔ spinal cord
✔ digestive system
❖ Week 4: Beginning development of
✔ Bones
✔ facial structures
✔ limbs (presence of arm and leg buds);
✔ Continuing development of the heart (which begins to beat),
brain, and nervous tissue.

❖ Week 5: Beginning development of

✔ Eyes
✔ Nose
✔ Kidneys
✔ Lungs
✔ continuing development of the heart (formation of valves),
brain, nervous tissue, and digestive tract.
❖ Week 6: Beginning development of
✔ hands,
✔ Feet and digits
✔ continuing development of brain, heart, and circulation
system.
❖ Week 7: Beginning development of
✔ hair follicles,
✔ nipples,
✔ eyelids, and
✔ sex organs (testes or ovaries);
✔ first formation of urine in the kidneys and
✔ first evidence of brain waves.
 ❖ Week 8:
✔ Facial features more distinct,
✔ internal organs well developed,
✔ the brain can signal for muscles to move, heart
development ends, external sex organs begin to
form

❑ BY THE END OF THE EMBRYONIC STAGE, ALL ESSENTIAL,

EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL STRUCTURES HAVE BEEN
FORMED, THUS IT IS CONSIDERED THE MOST
IMPORTANT STAGE OF FETAL DEVELOPMENT.

❑ THE EMBRYO IS NOW REFERRED TO AS

A FETUS.
FETAL STAGE ( 9 WEEK-BIRTH )

❑ THE 3RD STAGE OF PRE-NATAL DEVELOPMENT MEASURED FROM

THE END OF WEEK EIGHT UNTIL BIRTH.

❑ THIS STAGE IS A PERIOD OF EXTENSIVE GROWTH AND AS WELL AS

DEVELOPMENT AND MATURATION OF ORGAN SYSTEMS THAT WERE
DEVELOPED IN THE EMBRYONIC PERIOD.

❑ GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT CONTINUE DRAMATICALLY DURING THIS

PERIOD.

❑ ALTHOUGH ALL OF THE ORGAN SYSTEMS WERE FORMED DURING

EMBRYONIC STAGE,THEY CONTINUE TO DEVELOP AND GROW DURING
THE FETAL STAGE.
❑ EXAMPLE OF SOME MAJOR FEATURES OF FETAL DEVELOPMENT BY WEEK ARE AS FOLLOWS :
❖ Weeks 9–12:
✔ The fetus reaches approximately 8 cm. (3.2
in.) in length;
✔ the head is approximately half the size of
the fetus.
✔ External features such as the face, neck,
eyelids, limbs, digits, and genitals are well
formed.
✔ The beginnings of teeth appear, and red
blood cells begin to be produced in the
liver. The fetus is able to make a fist.

❖ Weeks 13–15:
✔ The fetus reaches approximately 15 cm. (6
in.) in length.
✔ Fine hair called lanugo first develops on the
head;
✔ structures such as the lungs, sweat glands,
muscles, and
✔ bones continue to develop. The fetus is able
to swallow and make sucking motions.
❑ EXAMPLE OF SOME MAJOR FEATURES OF FETAL DEVELOPMENT BY WEEK ARE AS FOLLOWS :

❖ Weeks 16–20:
✔ The fetus reaches approximately 20 cm. (8
in.) in length.
✔ Lanugo begins to cover all skin surfaces, and
fat begins to develop under the skin.
✔ Features such as finger and toenails,
eyebrows, and eyelashes appear.
✔ The fetus becomes more active, and the
mother can sometimes begin to feel fetal
movements at this stage.

❖ Weeks 21–24:
✔ The fetus reaches approximately 28.5 cm. (11.2
in.) in length and weighs approximately 0.7 kg (1
lb. 10 oz.).
✔ Hair grows longer on the head, and the eyebrows
and eye lashes finish forming.
✔ The lungs continue to develop with the formation
of air sac (alveoli);
✔ the eyes finish developing. A startle reflex
develops at this time.
❑ EXAMPLE OF SOME MAJOR FEATURES OF FETAL DEVELOPMENT BY WEEK ARE AS FOLLOWS :

❖ Weeks 25–28:
✔ The fetus reaches approximately 38 cm. (15
in.) in length and weighs approximately 1.2
kg (2 lb. 11 oz.).
✔ The next few weeks mark a period of rapid
brain and nervous system development. The
fetus gains greater control over movements
such as opening and closing eyelids and
certain body functions.
✔ The lungs have developed sufficiently that air
breathing is possible.

❖ Weeks 29–32:
✔ The fetus reaches approximately 38–43 cm.
(15–17 in.) in length and weighs
approximately 2 kg (4 lb. 6 oz.).
✔ Fat deposits become more pronounced under
the skin.
✔ The lungs remain immature but breathing
movements begin. The fetus's bones are
developed but not yet hardened.
❑ EXAMPLE OF SOME MAJOR FEATURES OF FETAL DEVELOPMENT BY WEEK ARE AS FOLLOWS :

❖ Weeks 33–36:
✔ The fetus reaches approximately 41–48 cm.
(16–19 in.) in length and weighs 2.6–3.0 kg (5
lb. 12 oz. to 6 lb. 12 oz.).
✔ Body fat continues to increase, lanugo begins
to disappear, and fingernails are fully grown.
✔ The fetus has gained a high degree of control
over body functions.

❖ Weeks 36–38:
✔ The fetus reaches 48–53 cm. (19–21 in.) in
length is considered to be full-term by the
end of this period.
✔ Lanugo has mostly disappeared and is
replaced with thicker hair on the head.
✔ Fingernails have grown past the tips of the
fingers.
✔ In a healthy fetus, all organ systems are
functioning.
❑ THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FEATURES CONTINUE
TO GROW UNTIL THE BABY IS FULLY DEVELOPED AND
CAN SURVIVE OUTSIDE THE MOTHER’S BODY.
QUIZ TIME…
1. WHAT BEGINS AS A SINGLE CELL-STRUCTURE THAT IS CREATED WHEN A SPERM AND
EGG CELL MERGE AT CONCEPTION?
A. ZYGOTE
B. EMBRYO
C. INFANT
D. FETUS

2. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE CORRECT ORDER OF PRE-NATAL DEVELOPMENT?

A. FETUS, EMBRYO, ZYGOTE
B. ZYGOTE, EMBRYO, FETUS
C. FETUS, ZYGOTE, EMBRYO
D. ZYGOTE, FETUS, EMBRYO

3. WHAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT STAGE OF PRE-NATAL DEVELOPMENT?

A. FETUS
B. ZYGOTE
C. EMBRYONIC
D. GERMINAL
4. WHAT STAGE THUS THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT CONTINUE DRAMATICALLY ?
A. ZYGOTE
B. FETAL
C. EMBRYONIC
D. INFANT

5. HOW MANY HOURS AFTER FERTILIZATION WILL THE FIRST DIVISION TO PRODUCE TWO
CELLS TAKE PLACE? ?
A. 20-26 HOURS
B. 30-36 HOURS
C. 24-36 HOURS
D. 25-30 HOURS