Chapter 3

PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS

This chapter contains the discussion on the presentation and analysis of findings based on

the statistical results. Discussions of the findings are presented under the following headings:

level of the four indicators under socio demographic characteristics; household size, income,

education level and gender; the average monthly water consumption, level of water consumption

behavior; and the significant relationship of socio-demographic characteristic and monthly water

consumption.

Level of Socio-demographic Characteristics

among the residents of Barangay Catalunan Pequeno

Shown in Table 2 is the result on the level of socio-demographic characteristics of the

respondents as measured through the following four indicators: household size, income,

education level and gender. The data shows that the mean score for socio-demographic

characteristics is 3.89. The level of socio-demographic characteristic’ descriptive equivalence is

high which means that the respondents’ water consumption pattern is often based on their

socio-demographic or residential profile.

Household size. The mean rating for this indicator has a high descriptive equivalence

yielded at 3.89 which means that the residents’ population size often affects their monthly water

consumption. This implies that the water usage level of each household depends on the number

of its family members permanently living in their house (Portland Water District, 2017). The

population on each household has two important distinctions; de facto (permanently living) and

de jure (temporarily living) population (Peil, 1983; Otieno, 2005). The de facto population are

the significant basis in determining the water consumption level as they are the primary or the
direct consumer of water. The result also implies that the de facto population has contributed a

great percentage in maximizing water utilization. This means that the greater the population is,

the greater the total or the combined amount per capita shall be consumed in terms of shower and

drinking water. Also, more equipment and clothes shall be used that will be necessary for

washing and laundry purposes.

Gender. The mean rating for this indicator has a moderate descriptive equivalence

yielded at 3.37 which means that the gender preferences sometimes have varying effects in the

monthly water consumption since males and females have a distinction in water conservation

and sanitation. This implies that it can moderately affect the total water consumption of a

particular household (Makki, 2015). It was further indicated in the results that females have

longer shower duration than males. However, females are much more concern with water

conservation than males who tend to belittle water saving acts (Fan et al., 2014).

Table 2. Level of Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Households of Barangay

Catalunan Pequeno, Davao City
Socio-Demographic Level
Indicator Mean Level
Household Size 3.89 High

Gender 3.37 Moderate

Education Level 3.83 High

Income 3.94 High

Education Level. The mean rating for this indicator has a high descriptive equivalence

yielded at 3.83 which means that most residents can distinguish the proper ways in water

consumption. The results further showed that the respondents are aware about the manifestation

of water shortage which usually occurs mostly from 7:00 to 8:00 am (Buchbergr et al., 2015).
This implies that the citizens of Barangay Catalunan can recognize the importance of saving

water that will avert water shortage. This also implies that the residents conserve water not just

because they need it financially but also, they have seen their capacity in minimizing water

scarcity.

Income. The mean rating for this indicator has a high descriptive equivalence yielded at

3.94 which means that the income status can affect the water consumption of a household. This

indicates that the water bill of each household corresponds to their income brackets. Because of

this, most of them has a consistent paying rate, which means they are always capable in paying

their monthly water cost.

Level of Water Consumption

among the residents of Barangay Catalunan Pequeno

Shown in Table 2 is the result on the level of water consumption of the respondents as

measured through the indicator: monthly water bill. The data shows that the average score of

monthly water consumption in Barangay Catalunan Pequeno is 685.92. The level of water

consumption is moderate which means that the respondents are wise and are careful in

consuming water.

Table 2. Level of Water Consumption of the Households of Barangay Catalunan Pequeno,

Davao City
Water Consumption Level
Indicator Mean Level
Water Bill 685.92 Moderate

Water Bill. In terms of monthly water bill, the mean rating resulted to 685.92 or

moderate which means that the respondents sometimes get high water cost. Hence, the outcome

further manifested that the water bill can sometimes be affected by the socio-demographic
characteristic of a household. This statement is supported by Randolph and Troy as cited by

Hong and Chang (2014) which also explained that the determinants under the context of

socio-demographic factors is a very vital variable in water consumption studies. It enables the

policymakers to comprehend holistically the different perception and attitude of the residents

toward water consumption which is significantly driven by their socio-demographic profile.

Significant Relationship between Socio-demographic Characteristic and

Monthly Water Consumption of the Residents of Barangay Catalunan Pequeno